1
|
Goligorsky MS. Permissive role of vascular endothelium in fibrosis: focus on the kidney. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C712-C723. [PMID: 38223932 PMCID: PMC11193458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00526.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the morphologic end-result of a plethora of chronic conditions and the scorch for organ function, has been thoroughly investigated. One aspect of its development and progression, namely the permissive role of vascular endothelium, has been overshadowed by studies into (myo)fibroblasts and TGF-β; thus, it is the subject of the present review. It has been established that tensile forces of the extracellular matrix acting on cells are a prerequisite for mechanochemical coupling, leading to liberation of TGF-β and formation of myofibroblasts. Increased tensile forces are prompted by elevated vascular permeability in response to diverse stressors, resulting in the exudation of fibronectin, fibrinogen/fibrin, and other proteins, all stiffening the extracellular matrix. These processes lead to the development of endothelial cells dysfunction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, premature senescence of endothelial cells, perturbation of blood flow, and gradual obliteration of microvasculature, leaving behind "string" vessels. The resulting microvascular rarefaction is not only a constant companion of fibrosis but also an adjunct mechanism of its progression. The deepening knowledge of the above chain of pathogenetic events involving endothelial cells, namely increased permeability-stiffening of the matrix-endothelial dysfunction-microvascular rarefaction-tissue fibrosis, may provide a roadmap for therapeutic interventions deemed to curtail and reverse fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Touro University, Valhalla, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Touro University, Valhalla, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Touro University, Valhalla, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakshi S, Jayasuriya R, Sathish Kumar RC, Umapathy D, Gopinathan A, Balamurugan R, Ganesan K, Ramkumar KM. MicroRNA-27b Impairs Nrf2-Mediated Angiogenesis in the Progression of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4551. [PMID: 37445586 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor regulating antioxidant genes, and a deficiency thereof, slowing lymphangiogenesis, has been reported in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The mode of Nrf2 regulation in DFU has been less explored. Emerging studies on miRNA-mediated target regulation show miRNA to be the leading player in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, we demonstrated the role of miR-27b in regulating Nrf2-mediated angiogenesis in DFU. A lower expression of mRNA targets, such as Nrf2, HO-1, SDF-1α, and VEGF, was observed in tissue biopsied from chronic DFU subjects, which was in line with miR-27b, signifying a positive correlation with Nrf2. Similarly, we found significantly reduced expression of miR-27b and target mRNAs Nrf2, HO-1, SDF-1α, and VEGF in endothelial cells under a hyperglycemic microenvironment (HGM). To confirm the association of miR-27b on regulating Nrf2-mediated angiogenesis, we inhibited its expression through RNA interference-mediated knockdown and observed disturbances in angiogenic signaling with reduced endothelial cell migration. In addition, to explore the role of miR-27b and angiogenesis in the activation of Nrf2, we pretreated the endothelial cells with two well-known pharmacological compounds-pterostilbene and resveratrol. We observed that activation of Nrf2 through these compounds ameliorates impaired angiogenesis on HGM-induced endothelial cells. This study suggests a positive role of miR-27b in regulating Nrf2, which seems to be decreased in DFU and improves on treatment with pterostilbene and resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Sakshi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajappan Chandra Sathish Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System and Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhamodharan Umapathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athira Gopinathan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Balamurugan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vautier A, Lebreton AL, Codron P, Awada Z, Gohier P, Cassereau J. Retinal vessels as a window on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathophysiology: A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:548-562. [PMID: 36842953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare fatal motor neuron disease. Although many potential mechanisms have been proposed, the pathophysiology of the disease remains unknown. Currently available treatments can only delay the progression of the disease and prolong life expectancy by a few months. There is still no definitive cure for ALS, and the development of new treatments is limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying biological processes that trigger and promote neurodegeneration. Several scientific results suggest a neurovascular impairment in ALS providing perspectives for the development of new biomarkers and treatments. In this article, we performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines including PubMed, EmBase, GoogleScholar, and Web of Science Core Collection to analyze the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2021 discussing the neurocardiovascular involvement and ophthalmologic abnormalities in ALS. In total, 122 articles were included to establish this systematic review. Indeed, microvascular pathology seems to be involved in ALS, affecting all the neurovascular unit components. Retinal changes have also been recently highlighted without significant alteration of the visual pathways. Despite the peripheral location of the retina, it is considered as an extension of the central nervous system (CNS) as it displays similarities to the brain, the inner blood-retinal barrier, and the blood-brain barrier. This suggests that the eye could be considered as a 'window' into the brain in many CNS disorders. Thus, studying ocular manifestations of brain pathologies seems very promising in understanding neurodegenerative disorders, mainly ALS. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) could therefore be a powerful approach for exploration of retinal microvascularization allowing to obtain new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vautier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Angers, France.
| | - A L Lebreton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - P Codron
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Angers, France; Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, Angers, France; University of Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Z Awada
- Department of neuroscience, LHH-SIUH, New York, USA
| | - P Gohier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - J Cassereau
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Angers, France; University of Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grochowalska K, Pikul P, Piwkowska A. Insights into the regulation of podocyte and glomerular function by lactate and its metabolic sensor G-protein-coupled receptor 81. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4097-4111. [PMID: 36084306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes are an important cellular layer of the renal filtration barrier that is involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances of podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction and effacement of podocyte foot processes that form slit diaphragms are a common feature of proteinuria. Correlations between the retraction of foot processes and the development of proteinuria are not well understood. Unraveling peculiarities of podocyte energy metabolism notably under diabetic conditions will provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Intracellular metabolism in the cortical area of podocytes is regulated by glycolysis, whereas energy balance in the central area is controlled by oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. High glucose concentrations were recently reported to force podocytes to switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, resulting in lactic acidosis. In this review, we hypothesize that the lactate receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 81) may contribute to the control of podocyte function in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Grochowalska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Pikul
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuppuswamy S, Annex BH, Ganta VC. Targeting Anti-Angiogenic VEGF 165b-VEGFR1 Signaling Promotes Nitric Oxide Independent Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Preclinical Peripheral Artery Disease Models. Cells 2022; 11:2676. [PMID: 36078086 PMCID: PMC9454804 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is the critical regulator of VEGFR2-induced angiogenesis. Neither VEGF-A over-expression nor L-Arginine (NO-precursor) supplementation has been effective in helping patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in clinical trials. One incompletely studied reason may be due to the presence of the less characterized anti-angiogenic VEGF-A (VEGF165b) isoform. We have recently shown that VEGF165b inhibits ischemic angiogenesis by blocking VEGFR1, not VEGFR2 activation. Here we wanted to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition using a monoclonal isoform-specific antibody against VEGF165b vs. control, improved perfusion recovery in preclinical PAD models that have impaired VEGFR2-NO signaling, including (1) type-2 diabetic model, (2) endothelial Nitric oxide synthase-knock out mice, and (3) Myoglobin transgenic mice that have impaired NO bioavailability. In all PAD models, VEGF165b inhibition vs. control enhanced perfusion recovery, increased microvascular density in the ischemic limb, and activated VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling. In vitro, VEGF165b inhibition vs. control enhanced a VEGFR1-dependent endothelial survival/proliferation and angiogenic capacity. These data demonstrate that VEGF165b inhibition induces VEGFR1-STAT3 activation, which does not require increased NO to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in PAD. These results may have implications for advancing therapies for patients with PAD where the VEGFR2-eNOS-NO pathway is impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay C. Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schumacher A, Roumans N, Rademakers T, Joris V, Eischen-Loges MJ, van Griensven M, LaPointe VL. Enhanced Microvasculature Formation and Patterning in iPSC–Derived Kidney Organoids Cultured in Physiological Hypoxia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:860138. [PMID: 35782512 PMCID: PMC9240933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.860138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell–derived kidney organoids have been shown to self-organize from induced pluripotent stem cells into most important renal structures. However, the structures remain immature in culture and contain endothelial networks with low connectivity and limited organoid invasion. Furthermore, the nephrons lose their phenotype after approximately 25 days. To become applicable for future transplantation, further maturation in vitro is essential. Since kidneys in vivo develop in hypoxia, we studied the modulation of oxygen availability in culture. We hypothesized that introducing long-term culture at physiological hypoxia, rather than the normally applied non-physiological, hyperoxic 21% O2, could initiate angiogenesis, lead to enhanced growth factor expression and improve the endothelial patterning. We therefore cultured the kidney organoids at 7% O2 instead of 21% O2 for up to 25 days and evaluated nephrogenesis, growth factor expression such as VEGF-A and vascularization. Whole mount imaging revealed a homogenous morphology of the endothelial network with enhanced sprouting and interconnectivity when the kidney organoids were cultured in hypoxia. Three-dimensional vessel quantification confirmed that the hypoxic culture led to an increased average vessel length, likely due to the observed upregulation of VEGFA-189 and VEGFA-121, and downregulation of the antiangiogenic protein VEGF-A165b measured in hypoxia. This research indicates the importance of optimization of oxygen availability in organoid systems and the potential of hypoxic culture conditions in improving the vascularization of organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Virginie Joris
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maria José Eischen-Loges
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Vanessa L.S. LaPointe,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dağdeviren Çakır A, Saygılı SK, Canpolat N, Konukoğlu D, Turan H, Çalışkan S, Sever L, Ercan O, Evliyaoğlu O. Elevated Urinary VEGF-A, Transferrin, and Angiotensinogen Levels in Normoalbuminuric Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Can They Be Early Markers of Diabetic Kidney Disease? Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:426-432. [PMID: 34915504 DOI: 10.1159/000521447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that diabetic kidney disease (DKD) begins early, before albuminuria occurs. We therefore aimed to assess potential early urinary biomarkers of DKD in normoalbuminuric and normotensive children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to evaluate the relationship between these markers and clinical and laboratory risk factors for DKD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 75 children and adolescents with T1D (62% females, mean age 13.9 ± 3.2 years) with normoalbuminuria (an albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR] below 30 mg/g creatinine). Fifty-five age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents served as controls. For the assessment of early DKD, urinary levels of angiotensinogen (AGT), transferrin, nephrin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured in adequately collected 24-h urine samples using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS The mean disease duration was 7.3 ± 3.2 (range 2.1-15.7) years, and the mean HbA1c level was 8.8 ± 1.4%. The median levels of urine VEGF-A/Cr, AGT/Cr, and transferrin/Cr were significantly higher in normoalbuminuric patients with T1D, compared with those of controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p = 0.001, respectively), but there was no difference in nephrin/Cr and KIM-1/Cr between the 2 groups. Although none of the patients had albuminuria, the median level of urine ACR was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.003). The ACR was positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urinary transferrin/Cr, AGT/Cr, and VEGF-A/Cr were significantly correlated with ACR, but not with either GFR or diabetic risk factors including HbA1c or disease duration. CONCLUSION Normoalbuminuric and normotensive children and adolescents with T1D have elevated urinary VEGF, AGT, and transferrin levels, which may indicate the development of DKD before albuminuria occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydilek Dağdeviren Çakır
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Sişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seha Kamil Saygılı
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Canpolat
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Çalışkan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lale Sever
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shafiee S, Shariatzadeh S, Zafari A, Majd A, Niknejad H. Recent Advances on Cell-Based Co-Culture Strategies for Prevascularization in Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:745314. [PMID: 34900955 PMCID: PMC8655789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.745314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the fabrication of a functional vascular network to maintain the viability of engineered tissues is a major bottleneck in the way of developing a more advanced engineered construct. Inspired by vasculogenesis during the embryonic period, the in vitro prevascularization strategies have focused on optimizing communications and interactions of cells, biomaterial and culture conditions to develop a capillary-like network to tackle the aforementioned issue. Many of these studies employ a combination of endothelial lineage cells and supporting cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and perivascular cells to create a lumenized endothelial network. These supporting cells are necessary for the stabilization of the newly developed endothelial network. Moreover, to optimize endothelial network development without impairing biomechanical properties of scaffolds or differentiation of target tissue cells, several other factors, including target tissue, endothelial cell origins, the choice of supporting cell, culture condition, incorporated pro-angiogenic factors, and choice of biomaterial must be taken into account. The prevascularization method can also influence the endothelial lineage cell/supporting cell co-culture system to vascularize the bioengineered constructs. This review aims to investigate the recent advances on standard cells used in in vitro prevascularization methods, their co-culture systems, and conditions in which they form an organized and functional vascular network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Majd
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Q, Long J, Li N, Ma X, Zheng L. Circ_CLASP2 Regulates High Glucose-Induced Dysfunction of Human Endothelial Cells Through Targeting miR-140-5p/FBXW7 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:594793. [PMID: 33776760 PMCID: PMC7990784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.594793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia exposure results in the dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and the development of diabetic complications. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in EC dysfunction. The current study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of circRNA CLIP–associating protein 2 (circ_CLASP2, hsa_circ_0064772) on HG-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the levels of circ_CLASP2, miR-140-5p and F-box, and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7). The stability of circ_CLASP2 was identified by the actinomycin D and ribonuclease (RNase) R assays. Cell colony formation, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured by a standard colony formation assay, colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of related proteins. Targeted correlations among circ_CLASP2, miR-140-5p, and FBXW7 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. High glucose (HG) exposure downregulated the expression of circ_CLASP2 in HUVECs. Circ_CLASP2 overexpression or miR-140-5p knockdown promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HUVECs under HG conditions. Circ_CLASP2 directly interacted with miR-140-5p via pairing to miR-140-5p. The regulation of circ_CLASP2 overexpression on HG-induced HUVEC dysfunction was mediated by miR-140-5p. Moreover, FBXW7 was a direct target of miR-140-5p, and miR-140-5p regulated HG-induced HUVEC dysfunction via FBXW7. Furthermore, circ_CLASP2 mediated FBXW7 expression through sponging miR-140-5p. Our current study suggested that the overexpression of circ_CLASP2 protected HUVEC from HG-induced dysfunction at least partly through the regulation of the miR-140-5p/FBXW7 axis, highlighting a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic-associated vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Lisheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Agarwal S, Sudhini YR, Reiser J, Altintas MM. From Infancy to Fancy: A Glimpse into the Evolutionary Journey of Podocytes in Culture. KIDNEY360 2020; 2:385-397. [PMID: 35373019 PMCID: PMC8740988 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006492020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are critical components of the filtration barrier and responsible for maintaining healthy kidney function. An assault on podocytes is generally associated with progression of chronic glomerular diseases. Therefore, podocyte pathophysiology is a favorite research subject for nephrologists. Despite this, podocyte research has lagged because of the unavailability of techniques for culturing such specialized cells ex vivo in quantities that are adequate for mechanistic studies. In recent years, this problem was circumvented by the efforts of researchers, who successfully developed several in vitro podocyte cell culture model systems that paved the way for incredible discoveries in the field of nephrology. This review sets us on a journey that provides a comprehensive insight into the groundbreaking breakthroughs and novel technologic advances made in the field of podocyte cell culture so far, beginning from its inception, evolution, and progression. In this study, we also describe in detail the pros and cons of different models that are being used to culture podocytes. Our extensive and exhaustive deliberation on the status of podocyte cell culture will facilitate researchers to choose wisely an appropriate model for their own research to avoid potential pitfalls in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sobreiro‐Almeida R, Melica ME, Lasagni L, Romagnani P, Neves NM. Co-cultures of renal progenitors and endothelial cells on kidney decellularized matrices replicate the renal tubular environment in vitro. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13491. [PMID: 32365407 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Herein we propose creating a bilayer tubular kidney in-vitro model. It is hypothesized that membranes composed of decellularized porcine kidney extracellular matrix are valid substitutes of the tubular basement membrane by mimicking the physiological relevance of the in vivo environment and disease phenotypes. METHODS Extracellular matrix was obtained from decellularized porcine kidneys. After processing by lyophilization and milling, it was dissolved in an organic solvent and blended with poly(caprolactone). Porous membranes were obtained by electrospinning and seeded with human primary renal progenitor cells to evaluate phenotypic alterations. To create a bilayer model of the in vivo tubule, the same cells were differentiated into epithelial tubular cells and co-cultured with endothelial cells in opposite sites. RESULTS Our results demonstrate increasing metabolic activity, proliferation and total protein content of renal progenitors over time. We confirmed the expression of several genes encoding epithelial transport proteins and we could also detect tubular-specific proteins by immunofluorescence stainings. Functional and transport assays were performed trough the bilayer by quantifying both human serum albumin uptake and inulin leakage. Furthermore, we validated the chemical modulation of nephrotoxicity on this epithelium-endothelium model by cisplatin exposure. CONCLUSION The use of decellularized matrices in combination with primary renal cells was shown to be a valuable tool for modelling renal function and disease in vitro. We successfully validated our hypothesis by replicating the physiological conditions of an in vitro tubular bilayer model. The developed system may contribute significantly for the future investigation of advanced therapies for kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sobreiro‐Almeida
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies Florence Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies Florence Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies Florence Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Meyer Children’s University Hospital Florence Italy
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang T, Lih D, Nagao RJ, Xue J, Berthier E, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y, Theberge AB. Open microfluidic coculture reveals paracrine signaling from human kidney epithelial cells promotes kidney specificity of endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F41-F51. [PMID: 32390509 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity is identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which the parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost during ex vivo cultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and reestablish EC organ specificity for in vitro studies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media are added to connect the two culture regions at a desired time point, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation and that HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B, adherens junctions-associated protein 1, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16) and endothelial activation genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and matrix metalloproteinase-10) in coculture. Coculturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs. Compared with culture in HPTEC conditioned media, coculture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney-specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park SH, Lee EG, Kim IS, Kim YJ, Cho DK, Kim YL. Effect of Glucose Degradation Products on the Peritoneal Membrane in a Chronic Inflammatory Infusion Model of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Rat. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080402400202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term use of the peritoneal membrane as a dialyzing membrane is hampered by its eventual deterioration. One of the contributing factors is glucose degradation products (GDPs) in the dialysis solution. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a low GDP solution on peritoneal permeability, the structural stability of the peritoneal membrane, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in a chronic inflammatory infusion model of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the rat. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: a conventional solution group (group C, n = 12), a test solution group (group T, n = 12), and a normal control group (group NC, n = 8). Group T rats were infused with low GDP solution (2.3% glucose solution with two compartments), and group C rats with conventional dialysis solution (2.3% glucose solution), adjusted to pH 7.0 before each exchange. Animals were infused through a permanent catheter with 25 mL of dialysis solution. In both groups, peritoneal inflammation was induced by infusing dialysis solution supplemented with lipopolysaccharide on days 8, 9, and 10 after starting dialysate infusion. Peritoneal membrane function was assessed before and 6 weeks after initiating dialysis using the 1-hour peritoneal equilibration test (PET) employing 4.25% glucose solution. Both VEGF and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in the dialysate effluent were measured by ELISA. The number of vessels in the omentum was counted after staining with anti-von Willebrand factor, and the thickness of submesothelial matrix of the trichrome-stained parietal peritoneum was measured. Peritoneal tissue was analyzed for VEGF protein using immunohistochemistry. Results At the end of 6 weeks, the rate of glucose transport (D/D0, where D is glucose concentration in the dialysate and D0 is glucose concentration in the dialysis solution before it is infused into the peritoneal cavity) was higher in group T ( p < 0.05) than in group C. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) of protein was lower in group T ( p < 0.05) than in group C; D/Purea, D/Psodium, and drain volumes did not differ significantly between groups C and T. Dialysate VEGF and TGFβ levels were lower in group T ( p < 0.05) than in group C. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed less VEGF in the peritoneal membranes of group T. There were significantly more peritoneal blood vessels in group C ( p < 0.05) than in group T, but the thickness of submesothelial matrix of the parietal peritoneum was not different between the two groups. The VEGF levels in the dialysate effluent correlated positively with the number of blood vessels per field ( r = 0.622, p < 0.005). Conclusion Using a chronic inflammatory infusion model of PD in the rat, we show that dialysis with GDP-containing PD fluid is associated with increased VEGF production and peritoneal vascularization. Use of low GDP solutions may therefore be beneficial in maintaining the function and structure of the peritoneal membrane during long-term PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyui Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University, College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tanabe J, Ogura Y, Nakabayashi M, Nagai Y, Watanabe S, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Ichikawa D, Inoue K, Hoshino S, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Ono Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. The Possibility of Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Biomarker of Renal Hypoxia in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1476-1492. [PMID: 31734667 DOI: 10.1159/000503926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal hypoxia is an aggravating factor for tubulointerstitial damage, which is strongly associated with renal prognosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Therefore, urinary markers that can detect renal hypoxia are useful for monitoring DKD. OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and renal hypoxia using a novel animal model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n = 6) were used as an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 8) were used as controls. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose levels were measured at 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Urine samples and serum and kidney tissues were collected at 24 weeks of age. Microvascular blood flow index (BFI) was measured using diffuse correlation spectroscopy before sampling both the serum and kidneys for the evaluation of renal microcirculation at the corticomedullary junction. RESULTS Obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension were observed in the SDT fatty rats. Focal glomerular sclerosis, moderate interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis were significantly more frequent in SDT fatty rats than in SD rats. While the frequency of peritubular endothelial cells and phosphoendothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were similar in both types of rats, the degree of renal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression was significantly higher (and with no change in renal vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels) in the SDT fatty rats. Urinary L-FABP levels were significantly higher and renal microvascular BFI was significantly lower in the SDT fatty rats than in the SD rats. Urinary L-FABP levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with renal HIF-1α expression and a significant negative correlation with renal microvascular BFI. CONCLUSIONS Urinary L-FABP levels reflect the degree of renal hypoxia in DKD in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Urinary L-FABP may thus prove useful as a renal hypoxia marker for monitoring DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikie Nakabayashi
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nagai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiko Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumie Ono
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan, .,Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Enhancement of HGF-induced tubulogenesis by endothelial cell-derived GDNF. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212991. [PMID: 30845150 PMCID: PMC6405134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulogenesis, the organization of epithelial cells into tubular structures, is an essential step during renal organogenesis as well as during the regeneration process of renal tubules after injury. In the present study, endothelial cell-derived factors that modulate tubule formation were examined using an in vitro human tubulogenesis system. When human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) were cultured in gels, tubular structures with lumens were induced in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Aquaporin 1 was localized in the apical membrane of these tubular structures, suggesting that these structures are morphologically equivalent to renal tubules in vivo. HGF-induced tubule formation was significantly enhanced when co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or in the presence of HUVEC-conditioned medium (HUVEC-CM). Co-culture with HUVECs did not induce tubular structures in the absence of HGF. A phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase array revealed that HUVEC-CM markedly enhanced phosphorylation of Ret, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor, in HGF-induced tubular structures compared to those without HUVEC-CM. HUVECs produced GDNF, and RPTECs expressed both Ret and GDNF family receptor alpha1 (co-receptor). HGF-induced tubule formation was significantly enhanced by addition of GDNF. Interestingly, not only HGF but also GDNF significantly induced phosphorylation of the HGF receptor, Met. These data indicate that endothelial cell-derived GDNF potentiates the tubulogenic properties of HGF and may play a critical role in the epithelial-endothelial crosstalk during renal tubulogenesis as well as tubular regeneration after injury.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma D, Gondaliya P, Tiwari V, Kalia K. Kaempferol attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting RhoA/Rho-kinase mediated inflammatory signalling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1610-1619. [PMID: 30551415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) has appeared as a potential therapeutic target in numerous diseases, because of its preventing action on various enzymes providing antioxidant and cytoprotective action. Progression and pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy have also shown potential involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effect of kaempferol on hyperglycemia-induced activation of RhoA kinase and associated inflammatory signaling cascade. Currently there is only small literature available on the mechanism of anti-diabetic and nephroprotective action of this compound, which creates a void. Therefore, we focused here on the investigation of molecular mechanisms for kaempferol by means of in vitro testing, using rat (NRK-52E) and human renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC). Our findings suggest that kaempferol inhibits hyperglycemia-induced activation of RhoA and decreased oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and fibrosis (TGF-β1 expression, extracellular matrix protein expression) in NRK-52E and RPTEC cells. Therefore, kaempferol can be used as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee S, Zhou P, Gupta A, Shin S. Reactive Ductules Are Associated With Angiogenesis and Tumor Cell Proliferation in Pediatric Liver Cancer. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1199-1212. [PMID: 30288475 PMCID: PMC6167070 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While reactive ductules (RDs) have been observed in viral hepatitis, biliary atresia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adult hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), RDs in pediatric liver cancer remain uncharacterized. This study investigated the relationship of RDs with angiogenic paracrine factors, the extent of angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation in pediatric hepatoblastoma (HBL)/HCC livers. We quantified the extent of RDs and their expression of paracrine factors that include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD), platelet‐derived growth factor C, and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1). In addition, we performed immunohistochemical detection of the endothelial marker clusters of differentiation (CD)34 and the proliferation marker Ki67 followed by correlation analyses. In HBL, we found the percentage of RDs with Ki67 expression (% Ki67+ RDs) significantly correlated with intratumoral Ki67+ areas (r = 0.5138, P = 0.0349) and % ANGPT1+ RDs positively correlated with % Ki67+ RDs (r = 0.5851, P = 0.0136). In HCC, the high ANGPT1+ RDs group (i.e., cases with % ANGPT1+ RDs ≥50) exhibited high intratumoral Ki67+ areas compared to the low ANGPT1+ RDs group. In the combined HBL and HCC liver tumor group, there was a positive association between % platelet‐derived growth factor C+ RDs and intratumoral Ki67+ areas (r = 0.4712, P = 0.0099) and the high VEGFD+ RDs group (≥50%) exhibited a high number of peritumoral CD34+ vessels compared to the low VEGFD+ RDs group. Conclusion: Paracrine factor‐expressing RDs are associated with angiogenesis and proliferation of pediatric liver tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Ping Zhou
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Anita Gupta
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Soona Shin
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Association of genetic polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor with susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:108. [PMID: 29973139 PMCID: PMC6031176 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene may be correlated with the susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) – although results have been controversial. The aim of this meta–analysis is to clarify the effects of VEGF –2578A/C (rs699947), −1154G/A (rs1570360), +405C/G (rs2010963), and + 936C/T (rs3025039) polymorphisms on CAD risk. Methods Pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and CAD risk. Fixed- or random-effects model was used depending on the heterogeneity between studies. Results In total, 13 eligible articles containing 29 studies were analysed. The pooled analysis indicated that the VEGF gene polymorphisms of rs699947, rs2010963, and rs3025039 were associated with an increased risk of CAD, whereas no significant associations were observed with the rs1570360 polymorphism. A subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity revealed that the rs699947 and rs3025039 polymorphisms were associated with CAD risk in Asian populations. In addition, stratification by control source indicated an increased risk of CAD susceptibility with the rs699947 polymorphism for population–based studies of reduced heterogeneity. Conclusions In summary, we concluded that the VEGF gene polymorphisms rs699947, rs2010963, and rs3025039 are correlated with an elevated CAD risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0628-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dube S, Matam T, Yen J, Mang HE, Dagher PC, Hato T, Sutton TA. Endothelial STAT3 Modulates Protective Mechanisms in a Mouse Ischemia-Reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4609502. [PMID: 29181415 PMCID: PMC5664346 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4609502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a transcriptional regulator that plays an important role in coordinating inflammation and immunity. In addition, there is a growing appreciation of the role STAT3 signaling plays in response to organ injury following diverse insults. Acute kidney injury (AKI) from ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common clinical entity with devastating consequences, and the recognition that endothelial alterations contribute to kidney dysfunction in this setting is of growing interest. Consequently, we used a mouse with a genetic deletion of Stat3 restricted to the endothelium to examine the role of STAT3 signaling in the pathophysiology of ischemic AKI. In a mouse model of ischemic AKI, the loss of endothelial STAT3 signaling significantly exacerbated kidney dysfunction, morphologic injury, and proximal tubular oxidative stress. The increased severity of ischemic AKI was associated with more robust endothelial-leukocyte adhesion and increased tissue accumulation of F4/80+ macrophages. Moreover, important proximal tubular adaptive mechanisms to injury were diminished in association with decreased tissue mRNA levels of the epithelial cell survival cytokine IL-22. In aggregate, these findings suggest that the endothelial STAT3 signaling plays an important role in limiting kidney dysfunction in ischemic AKI and that selective pharmacologic activation of endothelial STAT3 signaling could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shataakshi Dube
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tejasvi Matam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica Yen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry E. Mang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pierre C. Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy A. Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ng CF, Frieboes HB. Model of vascular desmoplastic multispecies tumor growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 430:245-282. [PMID: 28529153 PMCID: PMC5614902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional nonlinear tumor growth model composed of heterogeneous cell types in a multicomponent-multispecies system, including viable, dead, healthy host, and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) tissue species. The model includes the capability for abnormal ECM dynamics noted in tumor development, as exemplified by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, including dense desmoplasia typically characterized by a significant increase of interstitial connective tissue. An elastic energy is implemented to provide elasticity to the connective tissue. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are modeled as key contributors to this ECM remodeling. The tumor growth is driven by growth factors released by these stromal cells as well as by oxygen and glucose provided by blood vasculature which along with lymphatics are stimulated to proliferate in and around the tumor based on pro-angiogenic factors released by hypoxic tissue regions. Cellular metabolic processes are simulated, including respiration and glycolysis with lactate fermentation. The bicarbonate buffering system is included for cellular pH regulation. This model system may be of use to simulate the complex interactions between tumor and stromal cells as well as the associated ECM and vascular remodeling that typically characterize malignant cancers notorious for poor therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin F Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, KY 40208, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, KY 40208, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Transcriptome-based network analysis reveals renal cell type-specific dysregulation of hypoxia-associated transcripts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8576. [PMID: 28819298 PMCID: PMC5561250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of hypoxia-regulated transcriptional mechanisms is involved in development of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, it remains unclear how hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIFs) and subsequent biological processes contribute to CKD development and progression. In our study, genome-wide expression profiles of more than 200 renal biopsies from patients with different CKD stages revealed significant correlation of HIF-target genes with eGFR in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. These correlations were positive and negative and in part compartment-specific. Microarrays of proximal tubular cells and podocytes with stable HIF1α and/or HIF2α suppression displayed cell type-specific HIF1/HIF2-dependencies as well as dysregulation of several pathways. WGCNA analysis identified gene sets that were highly coregulated within modules. Characterization of the modules revealed common as well as cell group- and condition-specific pathways, GO-Terms and transcription factors. Gene expression analysis of the hypoxia-interconnected pathways in patients with different CKD stages revealed an increased dysregulation with loss of renal function. In conclusion, our data clearly point to a compartment- and cell type-specific dysregulation of hypoxia-associated gene transcripts and might help to improve the understanding of hypoxia, HIF dysregulation, and transcriptional program response in CKD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Goligorsky MS. Vascular endothelium in diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F266-F275. [PMID: 27852610 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00473.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three decades ago a revolutionary idea was born that ascribed to dysfunctional endothelia some manifestations of diabetes, the Steno hypothesis, so named after the Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, in Denmark. Here I briefly outline the accomplishments accrued in the past 15 years to buttress this hypothesis. Those include development of novel technological platforms to examine microcirculatory beds, deeper understanding of patterns of microvascular derangement in diabetes, pathophysiology of nitric oxide synthesis and availability, nitrosative and oxidative stress in diabetes, premature senescence of endothelial cells and the role of sirtuin 1 and lysosomal dysfunction in this process, and the state of endothelial glycocalyx and endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes. These pathophysiological findings may yield some therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College at Touro University, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Krier JD, Amador Carrascal C, Greenleaf JF, Ebrahimi B, Hedayat AF, Textor SC, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Low-Energy Shockwave Therapy Improves Ischemic Kidney Microcirculation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3715-3724. [PMID: 27297945 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular rarefaction distal to renal artery stenosis is linked to renal dysfunction and poor outcomes. Low-energy shockwave therapy stimulates angiogenesis, but the effect on the kidney microvasculature is unknown. We hypothesized that low-energy shockwave therapy would restore the microcirculation and alleviate renal dysfunction in renovascular disease. Normal pigs and pigs subjected to 3 weeks of renal artery stenosis were treated with six sessions of low-energy shockwave (biweekly for 3 consecutive weeks) or left untreated. We assessed BP, urinary protein, stenotic renal blood flow, GFR, microvascular structure, and oxygenation in vivo 4 weeks after completion of treatment, and then, we assessed expression of angiogenic factors and mechanotransducers (focal adhesion kinase and β1-integrin) ex vivo A 3-week low-energy shockwave regimen attenuated renovascular hypertension, normalized stenotic kidney microvascular density and oxygenation, stabilized function, and alleviated fibrosis in pigs subjected to renal artery stenosis. These effects associated with elevated renal expression of angiogenic factors and mechanotransducers, particularly in proximal tubular cells. In additional pigs with prolonged (6 weeks) renal artery stenosis, shockwave therapy also decreased BP and improved GFR, microvascular density, and oxygenation in the stenotic kidney. This shockwave regimen did not cause detectable kidney injury in normal pigs. In conclusion, low-energy shockwave therapy improves stenotic kidney function, likely in part by mechanotransduction-mediated expression of angiogenic factors in proximal tubular cells, and it may ameliorate renovascular hypertension. Low-energy shockwave therapy may serve as a novel noninvasive intervention in the management of renovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and .,Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li M, Corbelli A, Watanabe S, Armelloni S, Ikehata M, Parazzi V, Pignatari C, Giardino L, Mattinzoli D, Lazzari L, Puliti A, Cellesi F, Zennaro C, Messa P, Rastaldi MP. Three-dimensional podocyte-endothelial cell co-cultures: Assembly, validation, and application to drug testing and intercellular signaling studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:1-12. [PMID: 26924225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria is a common symptom of glomerular diseases and is due to leakage of proteins from the glomerular filtration barrier, a three-layer structure composed by two post-mitotic highly specialized and interdependent cell populations, i.e. glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, and the basement membrane in between. Despite enormous progresses made in the last years, pathogenesis of proteinuria remains to be completely uncovered. Studies in the field could largely benefit from an in vitro model of the glomerular filter, but such a system has proved difficult to realize. Here we describe a method to obtain and utilize a three-dimensional podocyte-endothelial co-culture which can be largely adopted by the scientific community because it does not rely on special instruments nor on the synthesis of devoted biomaterials. The device is composed by a porous membrane coated on both sides with type IV collagen. Adhesion of podocytes on the upper side of the membrane has to be preceded by VEGF-induced maturation of endothelial cells on the lower side. The co-culture can be assembled with podocyte cell lines as well as with primary podocytes, extending the use to cells derived from transgenic mice. An albumin permeability assay has been extensively validated and applied as functional readout, enabling rapid drug testing. Additionally, the bottom of the well can be populated with a third cell type, which multiplies the possibilities of analyzing more complex glomerular intercellular signaling events. In conclusion, the ease of assembly and versatility of use are the major advantages of this three-dimensional model of the glomerular filtration barrier over existing methods. The possibility to run a functional test that reliably measures albumin permeability makes the device a valid companion in several research applications ranging from drug screening to intercellular signaling studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Bio-imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Shojiro Watanabe
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Parazzi
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pignatari
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Giardino
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G.Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Zennaro
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Trieste University, via Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Chronic progressive renal fibrosis leads to end-stage renal failure many patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Loss of the rich peritubular capillary network is a prominent feature, and seems independent of the specific underlying disease. The mechanisms that contribute to peritubular capillary regression include the loss of glomerular perfusion, as flow-dependent shear forces are required to provide the survival signal for endothelial cells. Also, reduced endothelial cell survival signals from sclerotic glomeruli and atrophic or injured tubule epithelial cells contribute to peritubular capillary regression. In response to direct tubular epithelial cell injury, and the inflammatory reaction that ensues, capillary pericytes dissociate from their blood vessels, also reducing endothelial cell survival. In addition, direct inflammatory injury of capillary endothelial cells, for instance in chronic allograft nephropathy, also contributes to capillary dropout. Chronic tissue hypoxia, which ensues from the rarefaction of the peritubular capillary network, can generate both an angiogenic and a fibrogenic response. However, in CKD, the balance is strongly tipped toward fibrogenesis. Understanding the underlying mechanisms for failed angiogenesis in CKD and harnessing endothelial-specific survival and pro-angiogenic mechanisms for therapy should be our goal if we are to reduce the disease burden from CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marya Obeidat
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tessneer KL, Pasula S, Cai X, Dong Y, McManus J, Liu X, Yu L, Hahn S, Chang B, Chen Y, Griffin C, Xia L, Adams RH, Chen H. Genetic reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 rescues aberrant angiogenesis caused by epsin deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:331-337. [PMID: 24311377 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously showed that endothelial epsin deficiency caused elevated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and enhanced VEGF signaling, resulting in aberrant tumor angiogenesis and reduced tumor growth in adult mice. However, direct evidence demonstrating that endothelial epsins regulate angiogenesis specifically through VEGFR2 downregulation is still lacking. In addition, whether the lack of epsins causes abnormal angiogenesis during embryonic development remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS A novel strain of endothelial epsin-deleted mice that are heterozygous for VEGFR2 (Epn1(fl/fl); Epn2(-/-); Flk(fl/+); iCDH5 Cre mice) was created. Analysis of embryos at different developmental stages showed that deletion of epsins caused defective embryonic angiogenesis and retarded embryo development. In vitro angiogenesis assays using isolated primary endothelial cells (ECs) from Epn1(fl/fl); Epn2(-/-); iCDH5 Cre (EC-iDKO) and Epn1(fl/fl); Epn2(-/-); Flk(fl/+); iCDH5 Cre (EC-iDKO-Flk(fl/+)) mice demonstrated that VEGFR2 reduction in epsin-depleted cells was sufficient to restore normal VEGF signaling, EC proliferation, EC migration, and EC network formation. These findings were complemented by in vivo wound healing, inflammatory angiogenesis, and tumor angiogenesis assays in which reduction of VEGFR2 was sufficient to rescue abnormal angiogenesis in endothelial epsin-deleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first genetic demonstration that epsins function specifically to downregulate VEGFR2 by mediating activated VEGFR2 internalization and degradation and that genetic reduction of VEGFR2 level protects against excessive angiogenesis caused by epsin loss. Our findings indicate that epsins may be a potential therapeutic target in conditions in which tightly regulated angiogenesis is crucial, such as in diabetic wound healing and tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lili Yu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Cell Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a protein secreted by podocytes that is necessary for survival of endothelial cells, podocytes, and mesangial cells. VEGF-A regulates slit-diaphragm signaling and podocyte shape via VEGF-receptor 2-nephrin-nck-actin interactions. Chronic hyperglycemia-induced excess podocyte VEGF-A and low endothelial nitric oxide drive the development and the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The abnormal cross-talk between VEGF-A and nitric oxide pathways is fueled by the diabetic milieu, resulting in increased oxidative stress. Recent findings on these pathogenic molecular mechanisms provide new potential targets for therapy for diabetic renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sonic hedgehog intradermal gene therapy using a biodegradable poly(β-amino esters) nanoparticle to enhance wound healing. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Abstract
Endothelial responses to stressors are nonuniform and follow the rules of stress-induced hormesis. Responses to the same stressor, depending on its intensity, can range from pro-regenerative to pro-lethal. Exposure to sublethal stressors induces a programmed response that results in stress resistance, whereas a lethal level of a stressor accelerates cell demise. Diverse stressors turn on several default programs within the cells; such programs tend to induce anti-oxidative defenses and anti-inflammatory and pro-survival systems, whereas others tend to switch on pro-apoptotic systems. The response of the kidney endothelium to various forms of acute kidney injury follows these general principles. It is characterized by a proinflammatory pattern that includes up-regulation of different adhesion molecules promoting endothelial-leukocyte interactions, generation of reactive oxygen species, with formation of oxidative and nitrosative stress and mitochondrial damage. Simultaneously, a series of adaptive mechanisms, both local and systemic, are ignited. Stressed endothelial cells broadcast distress signals systemically; these signals can be directed toward the restoration of homeostasis or aggravation of the original insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
All-trans retinoic acid protects renal tubular epithelial cells against hypoxia induced injury in vitro. Transplant Proc 2012; 45:497-502. [PMID: 23267795 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-mediated protective effects in various cells are related to the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activities. There exists some evidence that an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is expressed by proximal tubular epithelial cells and regulated by NFκB, may play a critical role in maintaining peritubular capillary endothelium in renal disease. By stimulating the production of VEGF, hypoxia is involved in tubulointerstitial fibrosis processes in various renal diseases. METHODS NRK52E cells survival rate was proportional to absorbance in dimethyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide tests. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to assay the expression of VEGF, p65, and Scpep1. The activation of NFκB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates that whether the Scpep1 and NFκB protein interacted. RESULTS We demonstrated that the hypoxia-mimicking agent CoCl2 triggered hypoxia injury of rat proximal tubular epithelial cells and significantly reduced cell viability. Addition of atRA increased the cell survival rate. Under CoCl(2)-mimicking hypoxic conditions, the expression of VEGF and p65 increased. The addition of atRA significantly attenuated the expression of VEGF and p65. There was a similar variation of NFκB/DNA binding activities. atRA not only activated distinct pathways to stimulate the expression of Scpep1, a retinoid-inducible gene, under normoxic conditions, but also acted as a CoCl(2)-mimicking hypoxia. CONCLUSION The protective effects of atRA against hypoxia-induced injury might be involved in suppression of VEGF expression via stimulating Scpep1 distinct pathways and inhibiting the NFκB pathway.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuete V, Eichhorn T, Wiench B, Krusche B, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity, anti-angiogenic, apoptotic effects and transcript profiling of a naturally occurring naphthyl butenone, guieranone A. Cell Div 2012; 7:16. [PMID: 22892065 PMCID: PMC3782753 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant diseases are responsible of approximately 13% of all deaths each
year in the world. Natural products represent a valuable source for the
development of novel anticancer drugs. The present study was aimed at
evaluating the cytotoxicity of a naphtyl butanone isolated from the leaves
of Guiera senegalensis, guieranone A (GA). Results The results indicated that GA was active on 91.67% of the 12 tested cancer
cell lines, the IC50 values below 4 μg/ml being recorded on
83.33% of them. In addition, the IC50 values obtained on human
lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM (0.73 μg/ml) and its resistant subline
CEM/ADR5000 (1.01 μg/ml) and on lung adenocarcinoma A549 (0.72
μg/ml) cell lines were closer or lower than that of doxorubicin.
Interestingly, low cytotoxicity to normal hepatocyte, AML12 cell line was
observed. GA showed anti-angiogenic activity with up to 51.9% inhibition of
the growth of blood capillaries on the chorioallantoic membrane of quail
embryo. Its also induced apotosis and cell cycle arrest. Ingenuity Pathway
Analysis identified several pathways in CCRF-CEM cells and functional group
of genes regulated upon GA treatment (P < 0.05), the Cell
Cycle: G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation and ATM
Signaling pathways being amongst the four most involved functional
groups. Conclusion The overall results of this work provide evidence of the cytotoxic potential
of GA and supportive data for its possible use in cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effects of Diabetes on Matrix Protein Expression and Response to Cyclic Strain by Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cell Mol Bioeng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-012-0222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
|
33
|
Kumar R, Harris-Hooker S, Kumar R, Sanford G. Co-culture of Retinal and Endothelial Cells Results in the Modulation of Genes Critical to Retinal Neovascularization. Vasc Cell 2011; 3:27. [PMID: 22112782 PMCID: PMC3253041 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-3-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neovascularization (angiogenesis) is a multistep process, controlled by opposing regulatory factors, which plays a crucial role in several ocular diseases. It often results in vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, neovascularization glaucoma and subsequent vision loss. Hypoxia is considered to be one of the key factors to trigger angiogenesis by inducing angiogenic factors (like VEGF) and their receptors mediated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) a critical transcriptional factor. Another factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) also regulates many of the genes required for neovascularization, and can also be activated by hypoxia. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of interaction between HRPC and HUVEC that modulates a neovascularization response. Methods Human retinal progenitor cells (HRPC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured/co-cultured under normoxia (control) (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) condition for 24 hr. Controls were monolayer cultures of each cell type maintained alone. We examined the secretion of VEGF by ELISA and influence of conditioned media on blood vessel growth (capillary-like structures) via an angiogenesis assay. Total RNA and protein were extracted from the HRPC and HUVEC (cultured and co-cultured) and analyzed for the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, NFκB and HIF-1α by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The cellular localization of NFκB and HIF-1α were studied by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results We found that hypoxia increased exogenous VEGF expression 4-fold in HRPC with a further 2-fold increase when cultured with HUVEC. Additionally, we found that hypoxia induced the expression of the VEGF receptor (VEGFR-2) for HRPC co-cultured with HUVEC. Hypoxia treatment significantly enhanced (8- to 10-fold higher than normoxia controls) VEGF secretion into media whether cells were cultured alone or in a co-culture. Also, hypoxia was found to result in a 3- and 2-fold increase in NFκB and HIF-1α mRNA expression by HRPC and a 4- and 6-fold increase in NFκB and HIF-1α protein by co-cultures, whether non-contacting or contacting. Treatment of HRPC cells with hypoxic HUVEC-CM activated and promoted the translocation of NFκB and HIF-1α to the nuclear compartment. This finding was subsequently confirmed by finding that hypoxic HUVEC-CM resulted in higher expression of NFκB and HIF-1α in the nuclear fraction of HRPC and corresponding decrease in cytoplasmic NFκB and HIF-1α. Lastly, hypoxic conditioned media induced a greater formation of capillary-like structures (angiogenic response) compared to control conditioned media. This effect was attenuated by exogenous anti-human VEGF antibody, suggesting that VEGF was the primary factor in the hypoxic conditioned media responsible for the angiogenic response. Conclusions These findings suggest that intercellular communications between HRPC and HUVEC lead to the modulation of expression of transcription factors associated with the production of pro-angiogenic factors under hypoxic conditions, which are necessary for an enhanced neovascular response. Our data suggest that the hypoxia treatment results in the up-regulation of both mRNA and protein expression for VEGF and VEGFR-2 through the translocation of NFκB and HIF-1α into the nucleus, and results in enhanced HRPC-induced neovascularization. Hence, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for these interactions might open perspectives for future retinal neovascularization therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S,W,, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 30310.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Common variation in GPC5 is associated with acquired nephrotic syndrome. Nat Genet 2011; 43:459-63. [PMID: 21441931 DOI: 10.1038/ng.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe proteinuria is a defining factor of nephrotic syndrome irrespective of the etiology. Investigation of congenital nephrotic syndrome has shown that dysfunction of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) plays a crucial role in this disease. Acquired nephrotic syndrome is also assumed to be associated with podocyte injury. Here we identify an association between variants in GPC5, encoding glypican-5, and acquired nephrotic syndrome through a genome-wide association study and replication analysis (P value under a recessive model (P(rec)) = 6.0 × 10(-11), odds ratio = 2.54). We show that GPC5 is expressed in podocytes and that the risk genotype is associated with higher expression. We further show that podocyte-specific knockdown and systemic short interfering RNA injection confers resistance to podocyte injury in mouse models of nephrosis. This study identifies GPC5 as a new susceptibility gene for nephrotic syndrome and implicates GPC5 as a promising therapeutic target for reducing podocyte vulnerability in glomerular disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jafarifar F, Yao P, Eswarappa SM, Fox PL. Repression of VEGFA by CA-rich element-binding microRNAs is modulated by hnRNP L. EMBO J 2011; 30:1324-34. [PMID: 21343907 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) by tumour-associated macrophages is critical for tumour progression and metastasis. Hypoxia, a common feature of the neoplastic microenvironment, induces VEGFA expression by increased transcription, translation, and mRNA stabilization. Here, we report a new mechanism of VEGFA regulation by hypoxia that involves reversal of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing of VEGFA expression. We show that the CA-rich element (CARE) in the human VEGFA 3'-UTR is targeted by at least four miRNAs. Among these miRNAs, miR-297 and -299 are endogenously expressed in monocytic cells and negatively regulate VEGFA expression. Unexpectedly, hypoxia completely reverses miRNA-mediated repression of VEGFA expression. We show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L), which also binds the VEGFA 3'-UTR CARE, prevents miRNA silencing activity. Hypoxia induces translocation of nuclear hnRNP L to the cytoplasm, which markedly increases hnRNP L binding to VEGFA mRNA thereby inhibiting miRNA activity. In summary, we describe a novel regulatory mechanism in which the interplay between miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins influences expression of a critical hypoxia-inducible angiogenic protein. These studies may contribute to provide miRNA-based anticancer therapeutic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Jafarifar
- Department of Cell Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Acute hyperglycemia rapidly stimulates VEGF mRNA translation in the kidney. Role of angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2). Cell Signal 2010; 22:1849-57. [PMID: 20667471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are important mediators of kidney injury in diabetes. Acute hyperglycemia increased synthesis of intrarenal Ang I and Ang II and resulted in activation of both Ang II receptors, AT1 and AT2, in the kidney. Losartan (specific AT1 antagonist) or PD123319 (specific AT2 antagonist) did not affect hyperglycemia but prevented activation of renal AT1 and AT2, respectively. In murine renal cortex, acute hyperglycemia increased VEGF protein but not mRNA content after 24 h, which suggested translational regulation. Blockade of AT2, but not AT1, prevented increase in VEGF synthesis by inhibiting translation of VEGF mRNA in renal cortex. Acute hyperglycemia increased VEGF expression in wild type but not in AT2 knockout mice. Binding of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K to VEGF mRNA, which stimulates its translation, was prevented by blockade of AT2, but not AT1. The Akt-mTOR-p70(S6K) signaling pathway, involved in the activation of mRNA translation, was activated in hyperglycemic kidneys and was blocked by the AT2 antagonist. Elongation phase is an important step of mRNA translation that is controlled by elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) and 2 (eEF2). Expression of eEF1A and activity of eEF2 was higher in kidney cortex from hyperglycemic mice and only the AT2 antagonist prevented these changes. To assess selectivity of translational control of VEGF expression, we measured expression of fibronectin (FN) and laminin β1 (lamβ1): acute hyperglycemia increased FN expression at both protein and mRNA levels, indicating transcriptional control, and did not affect the expression of lamβ1. To confirm results obtained with PD123319, we induced hyperglycemia in AT2 knockout mice and found that in the absence of AT2, translational control of VEGF expression by hyperglycemia was abolished. Our data show that acute hyperglycemia stimulates Ang II synthesis in murine kidney cortex, this leads to AT2 activation and stimulation of VEGF mRNA translation, via the Akt-mTOR-p70(S6K) signaling pathway. Our data show that exclusive translational control of protein expression in the kidney by acute hyperglycemia is not a general phenomenon, but do not prove that it is restricted to VEGF.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou QG, Zheng FL, Hou FF. Inhibition of tubulointerstitial fibrosis by pentoxifylline is associated with improvement of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:98-106. [PMID: 19079293 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2008.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent information indicates that pentoxifylline (PTX) has the ability to suppress inflammation and profibrotic cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the effect of PTX on tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rat model of obstructive nephropathy. METHODS Wistar rats with left ureteral ligation were divided into control and PTX-treated groups. The histopathologic degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was scored with PAS and Masson-stained sections. The protein and mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were semiquantitatively measured with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The protein for transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control group, PTX treatment reduced fibrosis scores at d 7 and d 14 (P<0.05). The reduction was accompanied by inhibited expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFbeta1), a key cytokine in tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis (P<0.01). Meanwhile, VEGF protein and mRNA in the kidney were increased in the PTX-treated group compared with the control group (P<0.01). PTX up-regulated expression of VEGF mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured HK-2 cells (P<0.01). However, expression of HIF-1alpha (a key transcription factor for VEGF gene expression) was unchanged by PTX treatment. PTX prolonged the half-life of VEGF mRNA by a 1.07-fold increase. CONCLUSIONS PTX inhibited tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat model of obstructive nephropathy while preventing loss of VEGF. PTX up-regulated expression of VEGF mRNA through stabilization of its mRNA in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
38
|
Marini M, Vichi D, Toscano A, Thyrion GDZ, Bonaccini L, Parretti E, Gheri G, Pacini A, Sgambati E. Effect of impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy on the expression of VEGF receptors in human placenta. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:789-801. [PMID: 18842181 DOI: 10.1071/rd08032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in placentas from pregnancies complicated by altered glycaemia. Placentas from women with physiological pregnancies (Group 1), pregnancies complicated by minor degree of glucose intolerance (MDGI, Group 2) and by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with insulin (Group 3) were collected. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot were employed to evaluate receptor expression. In the three study groups, VEGFR-1 immunoreactivity was detected in all the placental components. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the vessels of all the placentas from Groups 1 and 2, but only in some placentas of Group 3. VEGFR-3 reactivity was observed in all the components of Group 1; in Groups 2 and 3 reactivity was observed in some portions of the trophoblast or the whole trophoblast, and in the stroma. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNA levels in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher compared with Group 1, whereas those of VEGFR-3 were significantly lower. Receptor protein levels were significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1. These findings demonstrated dysregulation of expression of the three placental receptors, both in GDM and in MDGI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marini
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Policlinic of Careggi, Viale Morgagni, 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Devalaraja-Narashimha K, Padanilam BJ. PARP-1 inhibits glycolysis in ischemic kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 20:95-103. [PMID: 19056868 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After ischemic renal injury (IRI), selective damage occurs in the S(3) segments of the proximal tubules as a result of inhibition of glycolysis, but the mechanism of this inhibition is unknown. We previously reported that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activity protects against ischemia-induced necrosis in proximal tubules by preserving ATP levels. Here, we tested whether PARP-1 activation in proximal tubules after IRI leads to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the key glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a modification that inhibits its activity. Using in vitro and in vivo models, under hypoxic conditions, we detected poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and reduced activity of GAPDH; inhibition of PARP-1 activity restored GAPDH activity and ATP levels. Inhibition of GAPDH with iodoacetate exacerbated ATP depletion, cytotoxicity, and necrotic cell death of LLCPK(1) cells subjected to hypoxic conditions, whereas inhibition of PARP-1 activity was cytoprotective. In conclusion, these data indicate that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH and the subsequent inhibition of anaerobic respiration exacerbate ATP depletion selectively in the proximal tubule after IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Devalaraja-Narashimha
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Katavetin P, Inagi R, Miyata T, Tanaka T, Sassa R, Ingelfinger JR, Fujita T, Nangaku M. Albumin suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor via alteration of hypoxia-inducible factor/hypoxia-responsive element pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 367:305-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
41
|
Kiran MS, Kumar VBS, Viji RI, Sherin GT, Rajasekharan KN, Sudhakaran PR. Opposing effects of curcuminoids on serum stimulated and unstimulated angiogenic response. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:251-64. [PMID: 17960570 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is known to be a potent wound healer. Despite this, studies on curcumin using certain model systems have shown it to be anti-angiogenic. Results of the present investigations suggest that curcumin causes opposing effects on angiogenesis in serum stimulated and unstimulated conditions. The evidence in support of this are: (a) in serum free conditions, curcumin promoted sprouting in rat aortic ring, increased vascular density in CAM and induced morphological changes indicative of angiogenic phenotype in HUVECs and rat aortic endothelial cells in culture, (b) increased the expression of biochemical markers of angiogenesis such as CD 31, E-selectin, VEGF and VEGFR-2 in HUVECs on treatment with curcumin, and (c) supplementation of curcumin along with serum caused decrease in CD 31 and E-selectin levels, downregulation of VEGF, angiopoietin-1 and VEGFR-2 and delayed formation of capillary network-like structure. Proangiogenic effect of the individual components of the natural curcumin differed and the presence of the three components in the natural mixture has a synergistic effect. Effect of curcuminoids in the absence of serum appears to depend on VEGF as (a) anti-VEGF antibody blocked the effect of curcuminoids (b) curcuminoids caused decrease in PAR modification of VEGF increasing its biological activity. Treatment with curcuminoids in serum-free conditions resulted in activation of PI3K-Akt pathway; but in serum-supplemented condition, curcuminoids caused inhibition of the MAPK pathways thereby inhibiting the expression of angiogenic phenotype. These results suggest that PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways involved in the expression of angiogenic phenotype respond differently to the extracellular microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Kiran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Adamski JK, Estlin EJ, Makin GWJ. The cellular adaptations to hypoxia as novel therapeutic targets in childhood cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:231-46. [PMID: 18207646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of tumour cells to reduced levels of oxygen (hypoxia) is a common finding in adult tumours. Hypoxia induces a myriad of adaptive changes within tumour cells which result in increased anaerobic glycolysis, new blood vessel formation, genetic instability and a decreased responsiveness to both radio and chemotherapy. Hypoxia correlates with disease stage and outcome in adult epithelial tumours and increasingly it is becoming apparent that hypoxia is also important in paediatric tumours. Despite its adverse effects upon tumour response to treatment hypoxia offers several avenues for new drug development. Bioreductive agents already exist, which are preferentially activated in areas of hypoxia, and thus have less toxicity for normal tissue. Additionally the adaptive cellular response to hypoxia offers several novel targets, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), carbonic anhydrase, and the central regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Novel agents have emerged against all of these targets and are at various stages of clinical and pre-clinical development. Hypoxia offers an exciting opportunity for new drug development that can include paediatric tumours at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Adamski
- School of Cancer and Imaging Studies, Faculty of Medical and Human Studies, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vidotti DB, Arnoni CP, Maquigussa E, Boim MA. Effect of long-term type 1 diabetes on renal sodium and water transporters in rats. Am J Nephrol 2007; 28:107-14. [PMID: 17943018 DOI: 10.1159/000109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of long-term diabetes in the presence of established nephropathy on tubular function remains poorly understood. We evaluated the levels of the main sodium and water transport proteins expressed in the kidney after long-term (8 weeks) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in untreated (D) and insulin (4 U/s.c./day)-treated (D+I) rats. D animals presented upregulation ( approximately 4.5-fold) of Na/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), whereas the alpha-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (alpha-ENaC) and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) were downregulated ( approximately 20 and 30% respectively) with no change in the Na/H exchanger (NHE3), Na/Cl cotransporter (TSC) and AQP2. Insulin replacement partially prevented these alterations and caused increases in the expression of alpha-ENaC and AQP2. These effects suggest an action of insulin in the tubular transport properties. The upregulation of SGLT1 may constitute a mechanism to prevent greater glucose losses in the urine but it may result in glucotoxicity to the proximal epithelial cells contributing to the diabetic nephropathy. The decrease of alpha-ENaC in D animals may compensate for the increased sodium reabsorption via SGLT1 resulting in discrete natriuresis. DM-induced polyuria was not due to changes in AQP2 expression.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bijuklic K, Jennings P, Kountchev J, Hasslacher J, Aydin S, Sturn D, Pfaller W, Patsch JR, Joannidis M. Migration of leukocytes across an endothelium-epithelium bilayer as a model of renal interstitial inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C486-92. [PMID: 17428840 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial inflammation has emerged as a key event in the development of acute renal failure. To gain better insight into the nature of these inflammatory processes, the interplay between tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils (PMN) was investigated. A coculture transmigration model was developed, composed of human dermal microvascular endothelial (HDMEC) and human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) cultured on opposite sides of Transwell growth supports. Correct formation of an endoepithelial bilayer was verified by light and electron microscopy. The model was used to study the effects of endotoxin (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) by measuring PMN migration and cytokine release. To distinguish between individual roles of microvascular endothelial and epithelial cells in transmigration processes, migration of PMN was investigated separately in HK-2 and HDMEC monolayers. Sequential migration of PMN through endothelium and epithelium could be observed and was significantly increased after proinflammatory stimulation with either TNF-α or LPS (3.5 ± 0.58 and 2.76 ± 0.64-fold vs. control, respectively). Coincubation with α-MSH inhibited the transmigration of PMN through the bilayer after proinflammatory stimulation with LPS but not after TNF-α. The bilayers produced significant amounts of IL-8 and IL-6 mostly released from the epithelial cells. Furthermore, α-MSH decreased LPS-induced IL-6 secretion by 30% but had no significant effect on IL-8 secretion. We established a transmigration model showing sequential migration of PMN across microvascular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells stimulated by TNF-α and LPS. Anti-inflammatory effects of α-MSH in this bilayer model are demonstrated by inhibition on PMN transmigration and IL-6 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudija Bijuklic
- Clinical Dept. of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kumar VBS, Viji RI, Kiran MS, Sudhakaran PR. Endothelial cell response to lactate: implication of PAR modification of VEGF. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:477-85. [PMID: 17167776 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing one, occurs in many physiological and pathological conditions, most of which are underlined by hypoxia and resultant accumulation of lactate. Although lactate is known to induce angiogenesis, the mechanism of its action on endothelial cells (ECs) is not known. The present study was designed to examine the response of ECs to lactate. Morphological analysis revealed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture respond to lactate by switching over to angiogenic phenotype concomitant with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) as determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Apart from increase in the levels of VEGF protein as determined by ELISA, chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) assay using the cell extracts revealed that lactate also increased the angiogenic potency of VEGF. Isolated VEGF, when blotted and subsequently probed with anti-PAR antibody, revealed considerable reduction in poly-adenosyl ribosylation of VEGF associated with a significant decrease in the levels of NAD(+), in presence of lactate. Thus it appears that ECs respond to lactate by increasing the production of VEGF and modulating its angiogenic potency through poly-ADP ribosylation (PAR)-dependent mechanism and thereby switch over to angiogenic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V B Sameer Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In chronic renal failure (CRF), renal impairment correlates with tubulointerstitial fibrosis characterized by inflammation, interstitial expansion with accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), tubular atrophy and vascular obliteration. Tubulointerstitial injury subsequent to glomerular sclerosis may be induced by proteinuria, leakage of glomerular filtrate or injury to the post-glomerular peritubular capillaries (hypoxia). In vivo data in animal models suggest that CRF is associated with hypoxia, with the decline in renal Po2 preceding ECM accumulation. Chronic renal failure is characterized by loss of microvascular profiles but, in the absence of microvascular obliteration, hypoxia can occur by a variety of complementary mechanisms, including anaemia, decreased capillary flow, increased vasoconstriction, increased metabolic demand and increased diffusion distances due to ECM deposition. Hypoxia regulates a wide array of genes, including many fibrogenic factors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are the major, but not the sole, transcriptional regulators in the hypoxic response. In CRF, hypoxia may play a role in the sustained inflammatory response. In vitro studies in tubulointerstitial cells suggest that hypoxia can induce profibrogenic changes in proximal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts consistent with changes observed in CRF in vivo. The effect of hypoxia on renal microvascular cells warrants investigation. Hypoxia may play a role in the recruitment, retention and differentiation of circulating progenitor cells to the kidney contributing to the disease process and may also affect intrinsic stem cell populations. Chronic hypoxia in CRF fails to induce a sustained angiogenic response. Therapeutic manipulation of the hypoxic response may be of benefit in slowing progression of CRF. Potential therapies include correction of anaemia, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, administration of exogenous pro-angiogenic factors to protect the microvasculature, activation of HIF and hypoxia-mediated targeting of engineered progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill T Norman
- Centre for Nephrology, Division of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fabris L, Cadamuro M, Fiorotto R, Roskams T, Spirlì C, Melero S, Sonzogni A, Joplin RE, Okolicsanyi L, Strazzabosco M. Effects of angiogenic factor overexpression by human and rodent cholangiocytes in polycystic liver diseases. Hepatology 2006; 43:1001-12. [PMID: 16628643 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver involvement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by altered remodeling of the embryonic ductal plate (DP) with presence of biliary cysts and aberrant portal vasculature. The genetic defect causing ADPKD has been identified, but mechanisms of liver cyst growth remain uncertain. To investigate the possible role of angiogenic mechanisms, we have studied the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and their receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, Tie-2) in ADPKD, Caroli's disease, normal and fetal livers. In ADPKD and control livers Ang-1 and Ang-2 gene expression was studied by real-time-PCR. Effects of VEGF on cholangiocyte proliferation were studied by PCNA Western Blot in isolated rat cholangiocytes and by MTS assay in cultured cholangiocytes isolated from ADPKD patients and from an ADPKD mouse model (Pkd2(WS25/-)). Cholangiocytes were strongly positive for VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and Ang-2 in ADPKD and Caroli, and also for Ang-1 and Tie-2 in ADPKD, similar to fetal ductal plate cells. VEGF stimulated proliferation in both normal and ADPKD cholangiocytes, but the effect was particularly evident in the latter. Ang-1 alone had no effect, but was synergic to VEGF. VEGF expression on cholangiocytes positively correlated with microvascular density. In conclusion, consistent with the immature phenotype of the cystic epithelium, expression of VEGF, VEGFRs, Ang-1 and Tie-2 is strongly upregulated in cholangiocytes from polycystic liver diseases. VEGF and Ang-1 have autocrine proliferative effect on cholangiocyte growth and paracrine effect on portal vasculature, thus promoting the growth of the cysts and their vascular supply. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fabris
- Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology Division, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Katavetin P, Miyata T, Inagi R, Tanaka T, Sassa R, Ingelfinger JR, Fujita T, Nangaku M. High Glucose Blunts Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Response to Hypoxiaviathe Oxidative Stress-Regulated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor/Hypoxia-Responsible Element Pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1405-13. [PMID: 16597689 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005090918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important survival factor for endothelial cells in hypoxic environments. High glucose regulates certain aspects of VEGF expression in various cell types, including proximal tubular cells. Thus, ambient glucose levels may modulate the progression of chronic kidney disease, especially diabetic nephropathy. Immortalized rat proximal tubular cells (IRPTC) were cultured for 24 h under hypoxic conditions (1% O(2)), with or without high d-glucose (25 mM), or with or without high l-glucose (25 mM). Controls included culture in normoxic conditions and normal d-glucose (5.5 mM). VEGF mRNA expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, and VEGF protein in the supernatant was assessed by ELISA. Hypoxia increased VEGF expression. This response was significantly blunted by high d-glucose (1.98 +/- 0.11- versus 2.65 +/- 0.27-fold increase for VEGF mRNA expression, 252.8 +/- 14.7 versus 324.0 +/- 11.5 pg/10(5) cells for VEGF protein; P < 0.05 both) but not by high l-glucose. It is interesting that hydrogen peroxide also blunted this response, whereas alpha-tocopherol restored the VEGF response to hypoxia in the presence of high d-glucose. For determination of involvement of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)/hypoxia-responsible element (HRE) pathway, IRPTC that were stably transfected with HRE-luciferase were cultured under the previous conditions. High d-glucose also reduced luciferase activity under hypoxia, whereas alpha-tocopherol restored activity. In vivo experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats confirmed that hyperglycemia blunted HIF-HRE pathway activation. Insulin treatment restored activation of the HIF-HRE pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, high glucose blunts VEGF response to hypoxia in IRPTC. This effect is mediated by the oxidative stress-regulated HIF-HRE pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pisut Katavetin
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guan F, Villegas G, Teichman J, Mundel P, Tufro A. Autocrine VEGF-A system in podocytes regulates podocin and its interaction with CD2AP. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F422-8. [PMID: 16597608 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00448.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) signaling is required for endothelial cell differentiation, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular patterning. During kidney morphogenesis, podocyte VEGF-A guides endothelial cells toward developing glomeruli. Podocyte VEGF-A expression continues throughout life but its function after completion of development remains unclear. Here, we examined the expression of VEGF-A and its receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NP1, and NP2 in conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in undifferentiated and differentiated conditions using RT-PCR and Western analysis. VEGF-A secretion was assessed by ELISA and Western analysis. Upon podocyte differentiation, VEGF-A protein expression and secretion increased threefold. Differentiated podocytes expressed eightfold higher VEGFR2 mRNA levels than undifferentiated podocytes, whereas VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, NP1, and NP2 mRNA levels were similar. We examined the regulation and function of the VEGF-A system by exposing differentiated podocytes to recombinant VEGF(165) (20 ng/ml) or control media for 24 h. VEGF(165) induced a twofold increase in VEGFR2 mRNA and protein levels, whereas VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, NP1, and NP2 mRNA levels remained unchanged. VEGF(165) induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation. VEGF(165) reduced podocyte apoptosis approximately 40%, whereas anti-VEGFR2 neutralizing antibody enhanced it twofold. We determined that VEGF-A signaling regulates slit diaphragm proteins by inducing a dose-response podocin upregulation and increasing its interaction with CD2AP. The data indicate that podocytes in culture have a functional autocrine VEGF-A system that is regulated by differentiation and ligand availability. VEGF-A functions in podocytes include promoting survival through VEGFR2, inducing podocin upregulation and increasing podocin/CD2AP interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Guan
- Dept. of Pediatrics/Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Forchheimer Bldg., Rm. 708, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Doi K, Noiri E, Nakao A, Fujita T, Kobayashi S, Tokunaga K. Functional polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor gene are associated with development of end-stage renal disease in males. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:823-30. [PMID: 16421229 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study elucidates the genetic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a predisposing factor for progression of chronic kidney disease. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped and haplotype structures were determined in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of VEGF gene, and the distribution of each haplotype in male patients with ESRD (n=101) and healthy male control subjects (n=189) was examined. The 936C/T and 1451C/T polymorphisms in the 3' UTR were in nearly absolute linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype analysis demonstrated that they were the primary responsible single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The distribution of the 936CC-1451CC genotype was significantly more frequent among patients with ESRD than among the age-matched healthy control subjects. In addition to case-control association study, the 936CC-1451CC genotype was also associated with significantly higher plasma VEGF levels in healthy individuals, but a significant association was found only in males, not in females. We also examined the effect of the 936C-1451C haplotype on mRNA stability. Consistent with the results of plasma VEGF levels, mRNA carrying 936C-1451C haplotype showed higher stability. The 936CC-1451CC genotype in the 3' UTR showed not only susceptibility for ESRD but also higher plasma VEGF levels and mRNA stability, indicating the contribution of VEGF to chronic kidney disease progression, especially in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Department of Nephrology & Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, and Department of Nephrology and Kidney and Dialysis Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|