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Wang W, Li J, Ko FC, Zhao X, Qiao Y, Lu RS, Sumner DR, Wang T, Chen D. CHIP regulates skeletal development and postnatal bone growth. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5378-5385. [PMID: 31898815 PMCID: PMC7056513 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
C terminus of Hsc70‐interacting protein (CHIP) is a chaperone‐dependent and U‐box containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. In previous studies, we found that CHIP regulates the stability of multiple tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor proteins in bone cells. In Chip global knockout (KO) mice, nuclear factor‐κB signaling is activated, osteoclast formation is increased, osteoblast differentiation is inhibited, and bone mass is decreased in postnatal Chip KO mice. To determine the role of Chip in different cell types at different developmental stages, we created Chipflox/flox mice. We then generated Chip conditional KO mice ChipCMV and ChipOsxER and demonstrated defects in skeletal development and postnatal bone growth in Chip conditional KO mice. Our findings indicate that Chip conditional KO mice could serve as a critical reagent for further investigations of functions of CHIP in bone cells and in other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank C Ko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald S Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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2
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Rojas A, Mardones R, Pritzker K, van Wijnen AJ, Galindo MA, Las Heras F. Dickkopf-1 reduces hypertrophic changes in human chondrocytes derived from bone marrow stem cells. Gene 2018; 687:228-237. [PMID: 30447344 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro process of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induces a pre-apoptotic hypertrophic phenotype, guided by the active status of the WNT/β‑catenin pathway. To achieve a stable chondrocyte phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of specific genes that regulate the cartilage tissue phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of tissue samples from bone, cartilage, growth plate and muscle show that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a natural WNT canonical signaling inhibitor, is expressed in cartilage tissue. This observation reinforces the concept that inhibition of the WNT/β‑catenin pathway is critical for preventing avoid chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro. We used two doses of DKK1 in a pellet cell culture system to inhibit the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Bone marrow MSCs were cultured in chondrogenic induction medium with 50 and 200 ng/ml of DKK1 for 21 days. The highest doses of DKK1 reduce β‑catenin expression and nuclear localization at day 21, concomitant with reduced expression and activity of hypertrophy markers collagen type X (COL10A1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), thus decreasing the pre-hypertrophic chondrocyte population. Furthermore, DKK1 stimulated expression of collagen type II (COL2A1) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which represent healthy articular cartilage markers. We conclude that exogenous DKK1 impedes chondrocyte progression into a prehypertrophic stage and stimulates expression of healthy articular cartilage markers by blocking the WNT/β‑catenin pathway. Hence, DKK1 may promote a mature healthy articular cartilage phenotype and facilitate cartilage tissue engineering for joint repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rojas
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Mardones
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Clínica Las Condes, 7591047 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kenneth Pritzker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Surgery, University of Toronto, M5S 1A1, Ontario, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Mario A Galindo
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Facundo Las Heras
- Pathology Department, Clínica Las Condes, 7591046 Santiago, Chile; Pathology Department, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
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Wu Q, Mathers C, Wang EW, Sheng S, Wenkert D, Huang JH. TGF-β Initiates β-Catenin-Mediated CTGF Secretory Pathway in Old Bovine Nucleus Pulposus Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10069. [PMID: 30828686 PMCID: PMC6383704 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of Smurf2 under the control of type II collagen alpha 1 (Col2a1) promoter induces an intervertebral disc degeneration phenotype in Col2a1‐Smurf2 transgenic mice. The chondrocyte‐like cells that express type II collagen and Smurf2 in the transgenic mouse discs are prone to degenerate. However, how the chondrocyte‐like cells contribute to disc degeneration is not known. Here, we utilized primary old bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells as substitutes for the chondrocyte‐like cells in Col2a1‐Smurf2 transgenic mouse discs to identify mechanism. We found that 35% of the cells were senescent; TGF‐β treatment of the cells induced a rapid moderate accumulation of β‐catenin, which interacted with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in the cytoplasm and recruited it to the membrane for secretion. The TGF‐β‐initiated β‐catenin‐mediated CTGF secretory cascade did not occur in primary young bovine NP cells; however, when Smurf2 was overexpressed in young bovine NP cells, the cells became senescent and allowed this cascade to occur. These results suggest that Smurf2‐induced disc degeneration in Col2a1‐Smurf2 transgenic mice occurs through activation of CTGF secretory pathway in senescent disc cells. © 2018 The Authors JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Chun Mathers
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Ernest W Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Sen Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - David Wenkert
- Division of Endocrinology Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
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Wu Q, Huang JH. Ectopic expression of Smurf2 and acceleration of age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in a mouse model. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 27:116-126. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.11.spine16901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVELumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, an age-related process, is a major cause of low-back pain. Although low-back pain is a very common clinical problem in the aging population, no effective treatment is available, largely owing to lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disc degeneration. The goal of this study was to characterize how ectopic expression of Smurf2 driven by the collagen Type II alpha 1 (Col2a1) promoter alters disc cell phenotype and associated cellular events, matrix synthesis, and gene expression during disc degeneration in mice.METHODSTo characterize how ectopic expression of Smurf2 in Col2a1-promoter working cells affects the disc degeneration process, the authors performed histological and immunohistochemical analysis of lumbar spine specimens harvested from wild-type (WT) and Col2a1-Smurf2 transgenic mice at various ages (n ≥ 6 in each age group). To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying Smurf2-mediated disc degeneration, the authors isolated cells from WT and Col2a1-Smurf2 transgenic lumbar intervertebral discs and performed Western blot and real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) to examine the protein and mRNA levels of interesting targets.RESULTSThe authors demonstrated that approximately 30% of WT mice at 10–12 months of age had started to show disc degeneration and that the disc degeneration process was accelerated by 3–6 months in Col2a1-Smurf2 transgenic mice. Chondrocyte-like cell proliferation, maturation, and fibrotic tissue formation in the inner annulus were often accompanied by fibroblast-to-chondrocyte differentiation in the outer annulus in transgenic discs. The chondrocyte-like cells in transgenic discs expressed higher levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) than were expressed in WT counterparts.CONCLUSIONSThe findings that ectopic expression of Smurf2 driven by the Col2a1 promoter accelerated disc degeneration in Col2a1-Smurf2 transgenic mice, and that higher levels of CTGF protein and mRNA were present in Col2a1-Smurf2 transgenic discs, indicate that Smurf2 accelerates disc degeneration via upregulation of CTGF.
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Early development of the vertebral column. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 49:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hiyama A, Yokoyama K, Nukaga T, Sakai D, Mochida J. Response to tumor necrosis factor-α mediated inflammation involving activation of prostaglandin E2 and Wnt signaling in nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1756-68. [PMID: 26123748 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors designated E-prostanoid (EP) receptors that mediate intracellular signaling by multiple pathways. However, it is not known whether crosstalk between tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-PGE2 -mediated signaling and Wnt signaling plays a role in the regulation of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TNF-α-PGE2 signaling and Wnt signaling in IVD cells. TNF-α increased the expression of COX-2 in IVD cells. The EP receptors EP1, EP3, and EP4 were expressed in IVD cells, and TNF-α significantly increased PGE2 production. Stimulation with TNF-α also upregulated EP3 and EP4 mRNA and protein expression in IVD cells. The inductive effect of the EP3 and EP4 receptors on Topflash promoter activity was confirmed through gain- and loss-of-function studies using selective EP agonists and antagonists. PGE2 treatment activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling through activation of EP3. We conclude that TNF-α-induced COX-2 and PGE2 stimulate Wnt signaling and activate Wnt target genes. Suppression of the EP3 receptor via TNF-α-PGE2 signaling seems to suppress IVD degeneration by controlling the activation of Wnt signaling. These findings may help identify the underlying mechanism and role of Wnt signaling in IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nukaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Joji Mochida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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