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Aichmair A, Pastl D, Frank BJH, Simon S, Mitterer JA, Dominkus M, Hofstaetter JG. High Demand for Psychological Support in Patients Who Have Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Infections: An Analysis of 13,976 Patients. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:2575-2580. [PMID: 39004387 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is only sparse knowledge on the psychological burden of patients who have periprosthetic joint infections. The aim of our study was to assess the need for psychological support following total joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee. A special focus was set on patients who had aseptic and septic complications. METHODS A total of 13,976 patients who underwent total hip (n = 6,926) or total knee arthroplasty (n = 7,050) between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 at a single institution were retrospectively evaluated for the postoperative need for a psychological consultation. Data were collected on age, sex, type of surgery, and indications for revision procedures. The need for a psychological consultation was assessed during the daily postoperative visits, which were further coordinated by 2 institutional psychologists. RESULTS The average age was 68 years (range, 12 to 100), and there were 63.5% women. The overall rate of psychological consultations was 1.7%. Patients who had a septic indication for revision surgery had an 18.7-fold higher rate of postoperative psychological consultations compared to patients following primary surgery and a 5.4-fold higher rate compared to patients who had an aseptic indication. In detail, this rate was 1.0% in the primary subgroup, compared to 7.7% following revision arthroplasty (P < .001). In the revision subgroup, the rate was 17.9% for septic and 3.3% for aseptic revision arthroplasty cases (P < .001). Postoperative psychological consultations were twice as frequent in women (2.1%) compared to men (1.0%), P < .001. CONCLUSIONS The present study raises awareness of the markedly high psychological burden in revision arthroplasty cases, in the view of the high estimated number of unknown cases. There is a significant correlation between periprosthetic joint infectionsand the postoperative need for a psychological consultation, with women being at an even higher risk. Health care providers should aim at offering psychological support for patients who have a septic complication, with affected patients being at risk for psychological stress. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Aichmair
- II. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria; Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Pastl
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard J H Frank
- II. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria; Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Simon
- II. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria; Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennyfer A Mitterer
- II. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria; Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Dominkus
- II. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen G Hofstaetter
- II. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria; Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
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Chen M, Corless EI, Engelward BP, Swager TM. Optical Detection of Interleukin-6 Using Liquid Janus Emulsions Using Hyperthermophilic Affinity Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37076-37085. [PMID: 39246480 PMCID: PMC11375700 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
When equal volumes of two immiscible liquids are mixed (e.g., a hydrocarbon and a fluorocarbon), Janus droplets can form in an aqueous solution. In a gravity-aligned Janus droplet, the boundary between the two phases is flat and thus optically transparent when viewed from above. When tipped due to interactions with an analyte (i.e., agglutination), the resulting change in refraction and reflection yields an optical signal that can be detected and quantified. This study reports the detection and quantitation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) using emulsions functionalized at the hydrocarbon:aqueous interface with engineered proteins that bind IL-6 at high affinity and specificity. Hyperthermophilic affinity proteins (rcSso7d) are derived from thermophiles, giving them excellent thermal stability. Two rcSso7d affinity protein variants were synthesized with a noncanonical azide-functionalized amino acid to enable click chemistry to novel polymeric anchors embedded in the hydrocarbon phase. The two binding proteins recognize different epitopes, enabling the detection of both monomeric and dimeric IL-6 via agglutination. It is noteworthy that the rsSso7d protein variants, in addition to having superior thermal stability and facile recombinant synthesis in E. coli, show superior performance when compared to commercial antibodies for IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elliot I Corless
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Kristiansen S, Storm BS, Emblem ÅE, Grønli RH, Pettersen K, Hilmo J, Jarmund AH, Leth-Olsen M, Nyrnes SA, Nilsen BA, Nielsen EW, Mollnes TE. Femoral nailing associated with bone marrow emboli in pigs induced a specific increase in blood IL-6 and broad inflammatory responses in the heart and lungs. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396800. [PMID: 39100680 PMCID: PMC11294081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow embolization may complicate orthopedic surgery, potentially causing fat embolism syndrome. The inflammatory potential of bone marrow emboli is unclear. We aimed to investigate the inflammatory response to femoral intramedullary nailing, specifically the systemic inflammatory effects in plasma, and local tissue responses. Additionally, the plasma response was compared to that following intravenous injection of autologous bone marrow. Methods Twelve pigs underwent femoral nailing (previously shown to have fat emboli in lung and heart), four received intravenous bone marrow, and four served as sham controls. Blood samples were collected hourly and tissue samples postmortem. Additionally, we incubated bone marrow and blood, separately and in combination, from six pigs in vitro. Complement activation was detected by C3a and the terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC), and the cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 as well as the thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) were all measured using enzyme-immunoassays. Results After nailing, plasma IL-6 rose 21-fold, compared to a 4-fold rise in sham (p=0.0004). No plasma differences in the rest of the inflammatory markers were noted across groups. However, nailing yielded 2-3-times higher C3a, TCC, TNF, IL-1β and IL-10 in lung tissue compared to sham (p<0.0001-0.03). Similarly, heart tissue exhibited 2-times higher TCC and IL-1β compared to sham (p<0.0001-0.03). Intravenous bone marrow yielded 8-times higher TAT than sham at 30 minutes (p<0.0001). In vitro, incubation of bone marrow for four hours resulted in 95-times higher IL-6 compared to whole blood (p=0.03). Discussion A selective increase in plasma IL-6 was observed following femoral nailing, whereas lung and heart tissues revealed a broad local inflammatory response not reflected systemically. In vitro experiments may imply bone marrow to be the primary IL-6 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Kristiansen
- Department of Surgery, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Benjamin Stage Storm
- Department of Surgery, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Hilmo
- Department of Surgery, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Leth-Olsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children’s Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Ann Nyrnes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children’s Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bent Aksel Nilsen
- Department of Surgery, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Erik Waage Nielsen
- Department of Surgery, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Pain Medicine and Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Adumitrăchioaiei H, Săsăran MO, Mărginean CO. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 8 in Childhood Acute Gastroenteritis-A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7655. [PMID: 39062898 PMCID: PMC11277260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) have been intensely studied in relation to various inflammatory conditions, including acute gastroenteritis, as they are activated in response to infection. This review aims to evaluate the ability of IL-6 and IL-8 to distinguish between bacterial and viral etiologies of acute gastroenteritis in children and to assess whether their levels correlate with the severity of this condition in light of currently available data. A scientific database search was performed to identify studies that investigated the role of IL-6 and IL-8 in acute gastroenteritis in the pediatric population. We identified nine studies that matched the review's objective. Both cytokines show increased values in acute gastroenteritis, but IL-6 levels are significantly higher in cases of bacterial infections. IL-8 levels do not present an increase to the same extent in cases of bacterial diarrhea in children but seem to be associated with the severity of the disease. The lack of sufficient research focusing on IL-6 and -8 as diagnostic, prognostic and severity biomarkers of acute gastroenteritis in children leaves room for further research on this topic, which must include larger cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Adumitrăchioaiei
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (H.A.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (H.A.); (C.O.M.)
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Khan S. Interleukin 6 Antagonists in Severe COVID-19 Disease: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Outcomes. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:178-191. [PMID: 38375841 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665266730240118054023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of interleukin 6 [IL-6] have been utilized to treat severe COVID-19 disease. Their immunosuppressive or immunomodulating impact may be beneficial in COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To discuss the role of IL-6 inhibitors and assess various trials conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 inhibitors in COVID-19 disease. SUMMARY Two of the most common causes of mortality in COVID-19-infected critically ill individuals are acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is involved in the etiology of COVID-19. Most tissue damage, sepsis, and pulmonary and cardiovascular problems are caused mainly by the host defense system. Therefore, regulating this inflammatory cascade using immunomodulators is a prudent strategy. Although corticosteroids, as immunomodulators, are routinely used in COVID-19 management, interleukin (IL) inhibitors, especially IL-6 inhibitors, are also tested in many trials. Many studies have demonstrated that IL-6 inhibitors improve disease outcomes and decrease mortality, whereas others have shown that they are ineffective. In this paper, we briefly examined the role of IL-6 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and trials that support or refute the use of IL-6 inhibitors in treating COVID-19 disease. RESULTS Though mixed results are coming from trials regarding the adjuvant use of IL-6 inhibitors and standard anti-viral therapy with dexamethasone, a consensus favors using IL-6 inhibitors in severely ill COVID-19 patients regardless of the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Arunachalam AR, Samuel SS, Mani A, Maynard JP, Stayer KM, Dybbro E, Narayanan S, Biswas A, Pathan S, Soni K, Kamal AHM, Ambati CSR, Putluri N, Desai MS, Thevananther S. P2Y2 purinergic receptor gene deletion protects mice from bacterial endotoxin and sepsis-associated liver injury and mortality. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G471-G491. [PMID: 37697947 PMCID: PMC10812707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00090.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a significant role in regulating a wide range of metabolic, homeostatic, and host-defense functions. However, the impact of liver injury on the host's ability to control bacteremia and morbidity in sepsis is not well understood. Leukocyte recruitment and activation lead to cytokine and chemokine release, which, in turn, trigger hepatocellular injury and elevate nucleotide levels in the extracellular milieu. P2Y2 purinergic receptors, G protein-coupled and activated by extracellular ATP/UTP, are expressed at the cell surface of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. We sought to determine whether P2Y2 purinergic receptor function is necessary for the maladaptive host response to bacterial infection and endotoxin-mediated inflammatory liver injury and mortality in mice. We report that P2Y2 purinergic receptor knockout mice (P2Y2-/-) had attenuated inflammation and liver injury, with improved survival in response to LPS/galactosamine (LPS/GalN; inflammatory liver injury) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP; polymicrobial sepsis). P2Y2-/- livers had attenuated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation, matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression, and hepatocyte apoptosis in response to LPS/GalN and attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 protein expression in response to CLP. Implicating liver injury in the disruption of amino acid homeostasis, CLP led to lower serum arginine and higher bacterial load and morbidity in the WT mice, whereas serum arginine levels were comparable to sham-operated controls in P2Y2-/- mice, which had attenuated bacteremia and improved survival. Collectively, our studies highlight the pathophysiological relevance of P2Y2 purinergic receptor function in inflammatory liver injury and dysregulation of systemic amino acid homeostasis with implications for sepsis-associated immune dysfunction and morbidity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies provide experimental evidence for P2Y2 purinergic receptor-mediated potentiation of inflammatory liver injury, morbidity, and mortality, in two well-established animal models of inflammatory liver injury. Our findings highlight the potential to target P2Y2 purinergic signaling to attenuate the induction of "cytokine storm" and prevent its deleterious consequences on liver function, systemic amino acid homeostasis, host response to bacterial infection, and sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athis R Arunachalam
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sanju S Samuel
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Arunmani Mani
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Janielle P Maynard
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kelsey M Stayer
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Eric Dybbro
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Subapradha Narayanan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Aalekhya Biswas
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Saliha Pathan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Krishnakant Soni
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Moreshwar S Desai
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Ahmadi Hekmatikar A, Nelson A, Petersen A. Highlighting the idea of exerkines in the management of cancer patients with cachexia: novel insights and a critical review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:889. [PMID: 37730552 PMCID: PMC10512651 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exerkines are all peptides, metabolites, and nucleic acids released into the bloodstream during and after physical exercise. Exerkines liberated from skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (batokines), and neurons (neurokines) may benefit health and wellbeing. Cancer-related cachexia is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by weight loss with specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss. Many studies have sought to provide exercise strategies for managing cachexia, focusing on musculoskeletal tissue changes. Therefore, understanding the responses of musculoskeletal and other tissue exerkines to acute and chronic exercise may provide novel insight and recommendations for physical training to counteract cancer-related cachexia. METHODS For the purpose of conducting this study review, we made efforts to gather relevant studies and thoroughly discuss them to create a comprehensive overview. To achieve this, we conducted searches using appropriate keywords in various databases. Studies that were deemed irrelevant to the current research, not available in English, or lacking full-text access were excluded. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the limited amount of research conducted in this specific field. RESULTS In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the findings, we prioritized human studies in order to obtain results that closely align with the scope of the present study. However, in instances where human studies were limited or additional analysis was required to draw more robust conclusions, we also incorporated animal studies. Finally, 295 studies, discussed in this review. CONCLUSION Our understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms related to the significance of investigating exerkines in cancer cachexia is currently quite basic. Nonetheless, this demonstrated that resistance and aerobic exercise can contribute to the reduction and control of the disease in individuals with cancer cachexia, as well as in survivors, by inducing changes in exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - André Nelson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Attia MM, Khalifa MM. Virulence of Babesia bigemina in infected cattle (Bos taurus): Molecular and immunological studies. Res Vet Sci 2023; 156:7-13. [PMID: 36731184 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined 400 tick-infested cattle from the following four governorates in Egypt: Faiyum, Beni Suef, Giza, and Minya. These cattle were examined for blood parasites between January 2021 and April 2022. The infected cattle were classified into four groups based on tick infestations and clinical signs. Blood was drawn for assessing oxidative stress markers as well as for parasitological examination and molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina). We performed a comparison of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between B. bigemina-infected blood samples and non-infected blood samples used as negative controls. Babesia spp. infection increases hemolysis, which in turn increases oxidative stress marker levels and cell-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Khalifa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt.
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Salivary and serum neopterin and interleukin 6 as biomarkers in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Pteridines 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Because of an increasing incidence of malignant tumours of the head and neck there is an unmet medical need for early diagnosis of the primary disease or precancerous lesions, and timely detection of recurrence by simple non-invasive tests. The analysis of biomarkers in body fluids may be appropriate for this goal. In this review, we compare the data on utilization of neopterin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) measurements in saliva and plasma/serum of patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, indicating the suitability of using saliva as a diagnostic matrix in head and neck cancers on behalf of close anatomical proximity and a potential to study the tumour microenvironment. Salivary neopterin and IL-6 are potential biomarkers of head and neck cancer suitable not only for early diagnosis, but also for monitoring of treatment results and detection of the disease recurrence.
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DeJesus JE, Wen JJ, Radhakrishnan R. Cytokine Pathways in Cardiac Dysfunction following Burn Injury and Changes in Genome Expression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111876. [PMID: 36579591 PMCID: PMC9696755 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, an estimated 486,000 individuals sustained burn injuries requiring medical attention. Severe burn injuries lead to a persistent, hyperinflammatory response that may last up to 2 years. The persistent release of inflammatory mediators contributes to end-organ dysfunction and changes in genome expression. Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction may lead to heart failure and changes in cardiac remodeling. Cytokines promote the inflammatory cascade and promulgate mechanisms resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Here, we review the mechanisms by which TNFα, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 cause cardiac dysfunction in post-burn injuries. We additionally review changes in the cytokine transcriptome caused by inflammation and burn injuries.
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Kinetics of the inflammatory response during experimental Babesia rossi infection of beagle dogs. Vet Parasitol 2022; 306:109717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang YC, Lin SW, Wang IJ, Yang CY, Hong C, Sun JR, Feng PH, Lee MH, Shen CF, Lee YT, Cheng CM. Interleukin-6 Test Strip Combined With a Spectrum-Based Optical Reader for Early Recognition of COVID-19 Patients With Risk of Respiratory Failure. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:796996. [PMID: 35242747 PMCID: PMC8886233 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.796996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a globally devastating impact. This highly contagious virus has significantly overburdened and undermined medical systems. While most infected patients experience only mild symptoms, those who are severely affect require urgent medical interventions and some develop acute respiratory failure and require mechanical ventilation. The broad and potentially deadly impact of infection underscores the critical need for early recognition, especially for those at risk for respiratory failure. Those who are severely impacted and at high risk for respiratory failure have been found to present high levels of serum cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Timely diagnosis and management of those at risk for respiratory failure is crucial. Measurement of IL-6 may provide a means for distinguishing such patients. Currently, most serum IL-6 detection relies on the use of laboratory-based conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although some rapid assays have been developed recently, they need to be conducted by specific technicians in central laboratory settings with advanced and expensive equipment. In this study, we propose an IL-6 test strip combined with a spectrum-based optical reader for early recognition of COVID-19-infected patients at imminent risk of acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilator support. For our analyses, clinical demographic data and sera samples were obtained from three medical centers, and test strip specificity and detection performance were analyzed. This would help healthcare personnel stratify the risk of respiratory failure and provide prompt, and suitable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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13
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Choi YJ, Roh J, Kim S, Lee K, Park Y. Comparison of IL-6 measurement methods with a special emphasis on COVID-19 patients according to equipment and sample type. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24182. [PMID: 34910336 PMCID: PMC8761465 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine associated with various diseases, including coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although IL-6 levels can be assessed using serum samples, use of the AFIAS (Boditech Med Inc.) automated immunoassay analyzer enables quick and simple measurement of IL-6 levels in both serum and whole blood specimens. This study aimed to assess the correlation between IL-6 measurements obtained from the AFIAS IL-6 assay and Elecsys IL-6 assay (Roche Diagnostics). Additionally, utilization of the AFIAS IL-6 assay was evaluated. METHODS The IL-6 levels from 113 serum samples quantified using two assay systems were evaluated for their degree of correlation. Meanwhile, the linearity, analytical sensitivity, and precision/reproducibility of the AFIAS IL-6 assay were also assessed. RESULTS Quantification of IL-6 with the AFIAS IL-6 and Elecsys IL-6 assays showed excellent agreement (kappa 0.802) and were found to be correlated (y = -0.2781 + 1.068x; 95% confidence interval: 1.007-1.124). AFIAS IL-6 showed good analytical performances. IL-6 levels were significantly higher in deceased patients compared to those with non-complicated disease and those who were intubated (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Finally, IL-6 levels more accurately predicted poor prognosis in patients, than did C-reactive protein (area under the curve, 0.716 vs. 0.634). CONCLUSION The overall analytical performance of the AFIAS assay was comparable to that of the Elecsys IL-6 assay. In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the AFIAS may be an attractive tool for measuring IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Choi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Juhye Roh
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Kyung‐A Lee
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Younhee Park
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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14
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Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0191021. [PMID: 34937173 PMCID: PMC8694124 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01910-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered an adequate choice for a basic and preclinical model of sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria are the primary causative of sepsis. During infection, bacteria continuously release the potent toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream, which triggers an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response leading to death. Our previous research has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of septic shock that Fh15, a recombinant variant of the Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein, acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) suppressing the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine storm. The present communication is a proof-of concept study aimed to demonstrate that a low-dose of Fh15 suppresses the cytokine storm and other inflammatory markers during the early phase of sepsis induced in rhesus macaques by intravenous (i.v.) infusion with lethal doses of live Escherichia coli. Fh15 was administered as an isotonic infusion 30 min prior to the bacterial infusion. Among the novel findings reported in this communication, Fh15 (i) significantly prevented bacteremia, suppressed LPS levels in plasma, and the production of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, which are key signatures of inflammation and bacterial infection, respectively; (ii) reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines; and (iii) increased innate immune cell populations in blood, which suggests a role in promoting a prolonged steady state in rhesus macaques even in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. This report is the first to demonstrate that a F. hepatica-derived molecule possesses potential as an anti-inflammatory drug against sepsis in an NHP model. IMPORTANCE Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria affects 1.7 million adults annually in the United States and is one of the most important causes of death at intensive care units. Although the effective use of antibiotics has resulted in improved prognosis of sepsis, the pathological and deathly effects have been attributed to the persistent inflammatory cascade. There is a present need to develop anti-inflammatory agents that can suppress or neutralize the inflammatory responses and prevent the lethal consequences of sepsis. We demonstrated here that a small molecule of 14.5 kDa can suppress the bacteremia, endotoxemia, and many other inflammatory markers in an acute Gram-negative sepsis rhesus macaque model. These results reinforce the notion that Fh15 constitutes an excellent candidate for drug development against sepsis.
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15
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Li Z, Yang Z, Hu P, Guan X, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yang T, Zhang C, Zhao R. Cytokine Expression of Lung Bacterial Infection in Newly Diagnosed Adult Hematological Malignancies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748585. [PMID: 34925324 PMCID: PMC8674689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult patients with hematological malignancies are frequently accompanied by bacterial infections in the lungs when they are first diagnosed. Sputum culture, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), body temperature, and other routinely used assays are not always reliable. Cytokines are frequently abnormally produced in adult hematological malignancies associated with a lung infection, it is uncertain if cytokines can predict lung bacterial infections in individuals with hematological malignancies. Therefore, we reviewed 541 adult patients newly diagnosed with hematological malignancies, of which 254 patients had lung bacterial infections and 287 patients had no other clearly diagnosed infections. To explore the predictive value of cytokines for pulmonary bacterial infection in adult patients with hematological malignancies. Our results show that IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β and IL-17A are in the lungs The expression level of bacterially infected individuals was higher than that of patients without any infections (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that 88.89% (200/225) of patients with IL-6 ≥34.12 pg/ml had a bacterial infection in their lungs. With the level of IL-8 ≥16.35 pg/ml, 71.67% (210/293) of patients were infected. While 66.10% (193/292) of patients had lung bacterial infections with the level of IL-10 ≥5.62 pg/ml. When IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were both greater than or equal to their Cutoff-value, 98.52% (133/135) of patients had lung bacterial infection. Significantly better than PCT ≥0.11 ng/ml [63.83% (150/235)], body temperature ≥38.5°C [71.24% (62/87)], CRP ≥9.3 mg/L [53.59% (112/209)] the proportion of lung infection. In general. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 are abnormally elevated in patients with lung bacterial infections in adult hematological malignancies. Then, the abnormal increase of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 should pay close attention to the possible lung bacterial infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Renbin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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16
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Pawlik W, Pawlik J, Kozłowski M, Łuczkowska K, Kwiatkowski S, Kwiatkowska E, Machaliński B, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. The Clinical Importance of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma and Benign Cystic Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091625. [PMID: 34573967 PMCID: PMC8469088 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis and influence of various cytokines in patients with ovarian lesions remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α could be considered as new useful markers for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. 63 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) and 53 patients with benign ovarian cystic (BOC) lesions were included in this study. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Statistical comparisons were made using the Mann–Whitney U test and all correlations were evaluated by Spearman’s ranks. The serum IL-8 and TNF-α concentration measured in the OC Group was significantly higher than in the BOC Group (p < 0.05). The cutoff level of IL-8 and TNF-α in the serum was set at 4.09 ng/mL and 2.63 ng/mL, respectively, with the sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 96% for IL-8 and 85.7% and 79.3% for TNF-α (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that IL-8 and TNF-α are useful biomarkers for predicting the malignant character of lesions of the ovary. The present study highlighted the importance of measuring the cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with ovarian lesions in predicting the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Pawlik
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Pawlik
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Mateusz Kozłowski
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (B.M.)
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (B.M.)
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
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17
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Agina OA, Cheah KT, Sayuti NSA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Mazlan M, Hamzah H. High Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor to Interleukin 10 Ratio and Marked Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Predominate in Symptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis and Trypanosoma evansi. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082235. [PMID: 34438696 PMCID: PMC8388426 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the serum proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF & IFN-γ) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine ratio, oxidant (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme (SOD; GPx) activities after blood parasite infections. The blood and serum samples were obtained from 130 cattle and screened for identity of the infecting blood parasites by conventional PCR. The following blood parasite species were detected: Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (70/130); Theileria orientalis (65/130); Theileria sinensis (32/130); Anaplasma marginale (49/130); Anaplasma platys (7/130); and Trypanosoma evansi (4/130). The GM-CSF/IL-10 ratio showed significantly higher values in all the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle groups except for symptomatic A. platys infected cattle groups. Anti-inflammatory cytokine immune responses were notable findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle infected with C. M. haemobos and T. orientalis characterized by low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 (p < 0.05). Therefore, high serum GM-CSF:IL:10 in the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle, low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 ratios in asymptomatic cattle, high MDA level, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities could be useful predictive tools for outcome of natural blood parasite infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
| | - Kim Tho Cheah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohd Rosly Shaari
- Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
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18
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Mühlbacher J, Schörgenhofer C, Doberer K, Dürr M, Budde K, Eskandary F, Mayer KA, Schranz S, Ely S, Reiter B, Chong E, Adler SH, Jilma B, Böhmig GA. Anti-interleukin-6 antibody clazakizumab in late antibody-mediated kidney transplant rejection: effect on cytochrome P450 drug metabolism. Transpl Int 2021; 34:1542-1552. [PMID: 34153143 PMCID: PMC8456861 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a promising strategy to counteract antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). In inflammatory states, IL-6 antagonism was shown to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP), but its impact on drug metabolism in ABMR treatment was not addressed so far. We report a sub-study of a phase 2 trial of anti-IL-6 antibody clazakizumab in late ABMR (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03444103). Twenty kidney transplant recipients were randomized to clazakizumab versus placebo (4-weekly doses; 12 weeks), followed by a 9-month extension where all recipients received clazakizumab. To study CYP2C19/CYP3A4 metabolism, we administered pantoprazole (20 mg intravenously) at prespecified time points. Dose-adjusted C0 levels (C0 /D ratio) of tacrolimus (n = 13) and cyclosporin A (CyA, n = 6) were monitored at 4-weekly intervals. IL-6 and C-reactive protein were not elevated at baseline, the latter was then suppressed to undetectable levels under clazakizumab. IL-6 blockade had no clinically meaningful impact on pantoprazole pharmacokinetics (area under the curve; baseline versus week 52: 3.16 [2.21-7.84] versus 4.22 [1.99-8.18] μg/ml*h, P = 0.36) or calcineurin inhibitor C0 /D ratios (tacrolimus: 1.49 [1.17-3.20] versus 1.37 [0.98-2.42] ng/ml/mg, P = 0.21; CyA: 0.69 [0.57-0.85] versus 1.08 [0.52-1.38] ng/ml/mg, P = 0.47). We conclude that IL-6 blockade in ABMR - in absence of systemic inflammation - may have no meaningful effect on CYP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Mühlbacher
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Konstantin Doberer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Dürr
- Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina A Mayer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Schranz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Ely
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Reiter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward Chong
- Vitaeris Inc. (a subsidiary of CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Tu KH, Fan PY, Chen TD, Chuang WY, Wu CY, Ku CL, Tian YC, Yang CW, Fang JT, Yang HY. TAFRO Syndrome with Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Insights into the Molecular Mechanism and Treatment Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126286. [PMID: 34208103 PMCID: PMC8230834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TAFRO syndrome is an extremely rare form of idiopathic MCD, characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, and organomegaly. Like idiopathic MCD, renal involvement is also a common presentation in patients with TAFRO syndrome. Furthermore, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)-like injury and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are the most reported histopathologic findings of renal biopsy. Several molecular mechanisms have been previously postulated in order to explain the TAFRO syndrome symptoms, including abnormal production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), etc. The role of these cytokines in renal injury, however, is not well understood. The aim of this review article is to summarize the latest knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the TAFRO syndrome and their potential role in renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hua Tu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- Transplantation Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Fan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
| | - Tai-Di Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-D.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-D.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Lung Ku
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- Transplantation Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- Transplantation Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Advanced Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3328-1200-8181
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20
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Wang X, Ma L, Sun S, Liu T, Zhou H, Liu X, Guan M. Rapid, highly sensitive and quantitative detection of interleukin 6 based on SERS magnetic immunoassay. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1823-1831. [PMID: 33885657 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, and is a common disease in intensive care units (ICUs), whereby the mortality rate is as high as 30% to 50%. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the mortality rate of patients with sepsis. We have developed a method based on SERS for the rapid and quantitative detection of IL-6. Using the principle of double antibody sandwich, the core-shell nanoparticles embedded with a Raman reporter (Au@4MBA@Ag NPs) are coupled to the tracer antibody, while the biotin was coupled to the capture antibody to form an antibody-antigen-antibody sandwich structure with the antigen during detection of the structure. Streptavidin (SA) and biotin had a strong affinity, and the sandwich structure was captured by SA magnetic beads and detected by Raman spectroscopy under the enrichment of an external magnetic field. The results showed a good linear relationship between the Raman signal and the concentration of IL-6 in the concentration range of 0-1000 pg mL-1 (r = 0.9997) with a limit of detection of 1.6 pg mL-1. Also, the recovery rate of standard addition was 93.9-99.1%, and the coefficient of variation intra-assay and inter-assay of the three batches of reagents was less than 15%. Furthermore, it showed excellent specificity with procalcitonin (PCT, 20 ng mL-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP, 100 μg mL-1) and had no cross-reactivity. Except for bilirubin (2 mg mL-1) and hemoglobin (10 mg mL-1), other common interferences in the serum did not interfere, showing good anti-interference performance. Moreover, 57 clinical serum samples were detected via the chemiluminescence method simultaneously, and the detection results showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.9793, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two performances (P > 0.05). The proposed method has numerous advantages such as high sensitivity, wide linear range, short detection time and simple operation, which provide a new technical reference for the clinical detection of sepsis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Shijiao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Tingwei Liu
- Shanghai Simp Bio-science Co., Ltd, 201318, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Simp Bio-science Co., Ltd, 201318, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
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Wang X, Ma L, Hu C, Liu T, Sun S, Liu X, Guan M. Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of IL-6 and PCT Using SERS magnetic immunoassay with sandwich structure. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32. [PMID: 33711835 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abee48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. The mortality rate is as high as 30%-50%. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the mortality of patients with sepsis. Therefore, we have developed a SERS-based magnetic immunoassay method that uses the principle of sandwich method to quantitatively detect Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Procalcitonin (PCT). In this article, two different Raman reporter molecules are embedded in the middle of the Au@Ag shell and coupled with the tracer antibody to form a SERS immunoprobe. Biotin was coupled with capture antibody to form a sandwich structure when participating in the immune response. Streptavidin and biotin systems have extremely high binding affinity. The sandwich structure is quickly captured by SA magnetic beads and then applied with a magnetic field to enrich the magnetic beads. Finally, simultaneous quantitative detection is achieved by the intensity of the two Raman reporter characteristic peaks on the solution magnetic beads. IL-6 and PCT showed a good relationship between 0-1000 pg ml-1and 0-20 ng ml-1, respectively, and the limits of detection were 0.54 pg ml-1and 0.042 ng ml-1, respectively. The recovery rate was between 89.8% and 104.2%, both intra-assay and inter-assay CV were ≤20%. No cross-reaction with C-reactive protein (100μg ml-1), showing good specificity. This method provides a new technical reference for the clinical detection of sepsis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunming Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei Liu
- Shanghai Simp Bio-science Co., Ltd. 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijiao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Pudong New Area, Shanghai200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People's Republic of China
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Thompson CP, Jagdale A, Walcott G, Iwase H, Foote JB, Cron RQ, Hara H, Cleveland DC, Cooper DKC. A perspective on the potential detrimental role of inflammation in pig orthotopic heart xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12687. [PMID: 33786912 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical shortage of deceased human donor organs for transplantation. The need is perhaps most acute in neonates and infants with life-threatening congenital heart disease, in whom mechanical support devices are largely unsuccessful. If orthotopic (life-supporting) heart transplantation (OHTx) were consistently successful in the genetically engineered pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) model, a clinical trial of bridging with a pig heart in such patients might be justified. However, the results of pig OHTx in NHPs have been mixed and largely poor. We hypothesise that a factor is the detrimental effects of the inflammatory response that is known to develop (a) during any surgical procedure that requires cardiopulmonary bypass, and (b) immediately after an NHP recipient is exposed to a pig xenograft. We suggest that the combination of these two inflammatory responses has a direct detrimental effect on pig heart graft function, but also, and possibly of more importance, on recipient baboon pulmonary function, which further impacts survival of the pig heart graft. In addition, the inflammatory response almost certainly adversely impacts the immune response to the graft. If our hypothesis is correct, the potential steps that could be taken to reduce the inflammatory response or its effects (with varying degrees of efficacy) include (a) white blood cell filtration, (b) complement depletion or inactivation, (c) immunosuppressive therapy, (d) high-dose corticosteroid therapy, (e) cytokine/chemokine-targeted therapy, (f) ultrafiltration or CytoSorb hemoperfusion, (g) reduction in the levels of endogenous catecholamines, (h) triiodothyronine therapy and (i) genetic engineering of the organ-source pig. Prevention of the inflammatory response, or attenuation of its effects, by judicious anti-inflammatory therapy may contribute not only to early survival of the recipient of a genetically engineered pig OHTx, but also to improved long-term pig heart graft survival. This would open the possibility of initiating a clinical trial of genetically engineered pig OHTx as a bridge to allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Thompson
- Xenotransplantation Program, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abhijit Jagdale
- Xenotransplantation Program, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory Walcott
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Diseases, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hayato Iwase
- Xenotransplantation Program, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology and Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Randall Q Cron
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David C Cleveland
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Alabama, and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Spalinger MR, Sayoc-Becerra A, Ordookhanian C, Canale V, Santos AN, King SJ, Krishnan M, Nair MG, Scharl M, McCole DF. The JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Rescues Intestinal Barrier Defects Caused by Disrupted Epithelial-macrophage Interactions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:471-484. [PMID: 32909045 PMCID: PMC7944512 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Loss-of-function variants in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type-2 [PTPN2] promote susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. PTPN2 regulates Janus-kinase [JAK] and signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT] signalling, while protecting the intestinal epithelium from inflammation-induced barrier disruption. The pan-JAK inhibitor tofacitinib is approved to treat ulcerative colitis, but its effects on intestinal epithelial cell-macrophage interactions and on barrier properties are unknown. We aimed to determine if tofacitinib can rescue disrupted epithelial-macrophage interaction and barrier function upon loss of PTPN2. METHODS Human Caco-2BBe intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] and THP-1 macrophages expressing control or PTPN2-specific shRNA were co-cultured with tofacitinib or vehicle. Transepithelial electrical resistance and 4 kDa fluorescein-dextran flux were measured to assess barrier function. Ptpn2fl/fl and Ptpn2-LysMCre mice, which lack Ptpn2 in myeloid cells, were treated orally with tofacitinib citrate twice daily to assess the in vivo effect on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Colitis was induced via administration of 1.5% dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] in drinking water. RESULTS Tofacitinib corrected compromised barrier function upon PTPN2 loss in macrophages and/or IECs via normalisation of: [i] tight junction protein expression; [ii] excessive STAT3 signalling; and [iii] IL-6 and IL-22 secretion. In Ptpn2-LysMCre mice, tofacitinib reduced colonic pro-inflammatory macrophages, corrected underlying permeability defects, and prevented the increased susceptibility to DSS colitis. CONCLUSIONS PTPN2 loss in IECs or macrophages compromises IEC-macrophage interactions and reduces epithelial barrier integrity. Both of these events were corrected by tofacitinib in vitro and in vivo. Tofacitinib may have greater therapeutic efficacy in IBD patients harbouring PTPN2 loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Christ Ordookhanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J King
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Törnblom S, Nisula S, Vaara ST, Poukkanen M, Andersson S, Pettilä V, Pesonen E. Early prolonged neutrophil activation in critically ill patients with sepsis. Innate Immun 2021; 27:192-200. [PMID: 33461369 PMCID: PMC7882810 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920980078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that plasma concentrations of biomarkers of neutrophil activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines differ according to the phase of rapidly evolving sepsis. In an observational study, we measured heparin-binding protein (HBP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-6 and IL-8 in 167 sepsis patients on intensive care unit admission. We prospectively used the emergence of the first sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (OD) as a surrogate for the sepsis phase. Fifty-five patients (of 167, 33%) developed the first OD > 1 h before, 74 (44%) within ± 1 h, and 38 (23%) > 1 h after intensive care unit admission. HBP and MPO were elevated at a median of 12 h before the first OD, remained high up to 24 h, and were not associated with sepsis phase. IL-6 and IL-8 rose and declined rapidly close to OD emergence. Elevation of neutrophil activation markers HBP and MPO was an early event in the evolution of sepsis, lasting beyond the subsidence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine reaction. Thus, as sepsis biomarkers, HBP and MPO were not as prone as IL-6 and IL-8 to the effect of sample timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Törnblom
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Sara Nisula
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Suvi T Vaara
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Meri Poukkanen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Eero Pesonen
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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Associations between Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibilities to Intracranial Aneurysm in Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8865601. [PMID: 33511216 PMCID: PMC7826207 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8865601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Evidence indicates that inflammation plays an important role in IA occurrence. We aimed to explore the associations between inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and IA in a Chinese population. This study enrolled 768 participants of Han ethnicity, including 384 patients with IA and 384 healthy individuals. Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL1, IL6, IL12, and TNF-α genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the associations. We found IL12B rs3181216 was significantly associated with IA in the recessive and additive models (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23–0.89, P = 0.022; OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56–0.98, P = 0.034, respectively). TNF-α rs1799964 was associated with IA in dominant and additive models (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.46–0.98, P = 0.041; OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–0.98, P = 0.034, respectively). IL1A rs17561 was associated with single IA susceptibility (dominant model: OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31–0.85, P = 0.040). The IL12B rs3181216 polymorphism was associated with single IA susceptibility in the recessive model (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18–0.93, P = 0.033). The IL12B rs2195940 polymorphism was associated with multiple IAs susceptibility (dominant model: OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09–0.89, P = 0.031; additive model: OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09–0.90, P = 0.032). TNF-α rs1799964 was associated with multiple IAs susceptibility in the dominant model (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30–0.97, P = 0.040). No associations were found between other polymorphisms and IA susceptibility. Therefore, IL1A, IL12B, and TNF-α gene polymorphisms are associated with IA susceptibility in a Chinese population.
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Abstract
Biomarkers have been used in sepsis to assist with the diagnosis of disease as well as determining the severity of disease, that is, prognosis. These biomarkers are based on the presence of discrete molecules within the blood. Unfortunately, in 2020, a single biomarker does not have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to definitively rule in or rule out sepsis. Biomarkers have shown better performance in animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Kataria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel Remick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cahill LA, Joughin BA, Kwon WY, Itagaki K, Kirk CH, Shapiro NI, Otterbein LE, Yaffe MB, Lederer JA, Hauser CJ. Multiplexed Plasma Immune Mediator Signatures Can Differentiate Sepsis From NonInfective SIRS: American Surgical Association 2020 Annual Meeting Paper. Ann Surg 2020; 272:604-610. [PMID: 32932316 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis and sterile both release "danger signals' that induce the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). So differentiating infection from SIRS can be challenging. Precision diagnostic assays could limit unnecessary antibiotic use, improving outcomes. METHODS After surveying human leukocyte cytokine production responses to sterile damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and bacteria we created a multiplex assay for 31 cytokines. We then studied plasma from patients with bacteremia, septic shock, "severe sepsis," or trauma (ISS ≥15 with circulating DAMPs) as well as controls. Infections were adjudicated based on post-hospitalization review. Plasma was studied in infection and injury using univariate and multivariate means to determine how such multiplex assays could best distinguish infective from noninfective SIRS. RESULTS Infected patients had high plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) compared to controls [false discovery rates (FDR) <0.01, <0.01, <0.0001]. Conversely, injury suppressed many mediators including MDC (FDR <0.0001), TREM-1 (FDR <0.001), IP-10 (FDR <0.01), MCP-3 (FDR <0.05), FLT3L (FDR <0.05), Tweak, (FDR <0.05), GRO-α (FDR <0.05), and ENA-78 (FDR <0.05). In univariate studies, analyte overlap between clinical groups prevented clinical relevance. Multivariate models discriminated injury and infection much better, with the 2-group random-forest model classifying 11/11 injury and 28/29 infection patients correctly in out-of-bag validation. CONCLUSIONS Circulating cytokines in traumatic SIRS differ markedly from those in health or sepsis. Variability limits the accuracy of single-mediator assays but machine learning based on multiplexed plasma assays revealed distinct patterns in sepsis- and injury-related SIRS. Defining biomarker release patterns that distinguish specific SIRS populations might allow decreased antibiotic use in those clinical situations. Large prospective studies are needed to validate and operationalize this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cahill
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiyoshi Itagaki
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Charlotte H Kirk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nathan I Shapiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Objectives: To explore the characteristics of cytokine storm in patients with septic shock after abdominal surgery, examine its relationship with clinical data, and determine intervention timings. Materials and Methods: We prospectively observed a cohort of patients with abdominal infection admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery (shock group). A control group of healthy individuals was used for comparison. Plasma samples and clinical data recorded at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery were collected. Cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, IL-1 β, interferon-γ, IL-12p70, MCP-1α, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-13) were detected using the Luminex® technique. Results: Concentrations of most cytokines were significantly higher in the shock group. When a cytokine storm intensity curve was considered with the vasopressor dependency index and a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, time point of maximum cytokine storm intensity was earlier than that of the maximum vasopressor dependency index and SOFA score in the shock group. Conclusions: Cytokine storm occurred in patients with septic shock shortly after the abdominal surgery and may be a main mechanism leading to septic shock. Cytokine storm interventions should ideally be initiated within 24 h after surgery and be guided by cytokine storm biomarkers.
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Zaki MES, Alsayed MAL, Shrief R. Study of the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in children with acute gastroenteritis. Germs 2020; 10:27-33. [PMID: 32274357 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Gastroenteritis in children is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to determine the serum and fecal levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in children with acute gastroenteritis of viral and bacterial etiology to assess their utility as diagnostic biomarkers for these infections. Methods In this case-control study, the children were classified according to the pathogen recovered from the stool by bacterial culture or by direct viral antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) into 50 children with acute bacterial gastroenteritis and 50 children with acute viral gastroenteritis. In addition, 50 apparently healthy children were included as a control group. Blood and stool samples were subjected to detection of IL-6 and IL-8. Results There were statistically significant elevations of total leucocytes counts, absolute neutrophils count, C-reactive protein, serum IL-6 and serum IL-8 in children with gastroenteritis compared to healthy children (p<0.001). CRP, serum IL-6 and IL-8 had significantly elevated levels in children with bacterial gastroenteritis compared to viral gastroenteritis. Fecal IL-6 and IL-8 had significantly elevated levels in children with acute gastroenteritis than in healthy control (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) showed that CRP and serum IL-6 could be used as discriminative markers for acute bacterial gastroenteritis in children, in comparison to serum IL-8. Conclusions Elevated serum IL-6 and CRP can aid in differentiation between viral and bacterial gastroenteritis. Serum IL-8 had limited discrimination ability between viral and bacterial gastroenteritis. Stool levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated in children with viral and bacterial gastroenteritis, however, their assessment by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay had technical limitations to be used as differentiation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
- MD, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Raghdaa Shrief
- PhD, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Symeonidis C, Rotsos T, Matsou A, Dermenoudi M, Georgalas I, Tsinopoulos I, Makri O, Souliou E, Dimitrakos SA. Comparison of Chemokine CXCL-1 and Interleukin-6 Concentrations in the Subretinal Fluid and Vitreous in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019; 29:355-361. [PMID: 31661651 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1672197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Comparison of IL-6 and CXCL-1 concentrations and CXCL-1/IL-6 ratio correlations with clinical parameters (RRD extent, duration, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy - PVR-grade) between subretinal fluid (SRF) and vitreous during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated with PVR.Methods: A total of 71 eyes of 71 patients with primary RRD possibly complicated with PVR were included; 36 eyes treated with scleral buckling and 35 eyes with pars-plana vitrectomy. Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay was employed for CXCL-1/IL-6 measurement (ng/ml).Results: Correlation analysis between mean CXCL-1/IL-6 ratio and clinical parameters revealed non-significant results. CXCL-1/IL-6 ratio was significantly elevated in phakic eye vitreous. Optimum circumstances for elevated chemokine levels during RRD were considerable extent (2-3-quadrant) and duration (29-60-day) complicated with PVR C.Conclusions: SRF appears to be characterized by greater chemokine concentrations while vitreous retains several structural characteristics that may assist in investigating inflammation and improving understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms during RRD complicated with PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthos Symeonidis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Tryfon Rotsos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Matsou
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Dermenoudi
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ilias Georgalas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsinopoulos
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Olga Makri
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Patras, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efimia Souliou
- 1st Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stavros A Dimitrakos
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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31
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Rapid and sensitive detection of interleukin-6 in serum via time-resolved lateral flow immunoassay. Anal Biochem 2019; 588:113468. [PMID: 31585097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It can be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis. The aim of this study was to establish an easy-to-use detection kit for rapid, quantitative and on-site detection of IL-6. To develop the new IL-6 quantitative detecting kit, a double-antibody sandwich immunofluorescent assay was employed based on europium nanoparticles (Eu-np) combined with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The performance of the new developed kit was evaluated in the aspects of parallel analysis, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity and clinical sample analysis. Two-hundred and fourteen serum samples were used to carry out the clinical sample analysis. The new IL-6 quantitative detecting kit exhibited a wide linear range (2-500 pg/mL) and a good sensitivity (0.37 pg/mL). The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) and the inter-assay CV were 5.92%-8.87% and 7.59%-9.04%, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 102% to 106%. Furthermore, a high correlation (n = 214, r = 0.9756, p < 0.01) was obtained when compared with SIEMENS CLIA IL-6 kit. Thus, the new quantitative method for detecting IL-6 has been successfully established. The results indicated that the newly-developed strip based on Eu-np combined with LFIA was a facile, fast, highly sensitive, low-cost, reliable biosensor and suitable for rapid and point-of-care test (POCT) for IL-6 in serum.
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Wang L, Qiu JG, He J, Liu WJ, Ge X, Zhou FM, Huang YX, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. Suppression of miR-143 contributes to overexpression of IL-6, HIF-1α and NF-κB p65 in Cr(VI)-induced human exposure and tumor growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 378:114603. [PMID: 31152816 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known occupational and environmental contaminant and carcinogen, but new mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that expression of miR-143 is decreased, whereas that of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is increased in blood samples of Cr(VI)-exposing workers compared with corresponding unexposed workers. In addition, IL-6 was increased in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-Cr) exposed to Cr(VI) compared with unexposed BEAS-2B cells. To further investigate the mechanisms by which Cr(VI) promotes these changes, we assessed the effects of miR-143 on gene expression and found that miR-143 suppressed expression of IL-6, HIF-1α and NF-κB p65, and that inhibiting miR-143 promoted expression of IL-6, HIF-1α and NF-κB p65. Interestingly, IL-6 regulated expression of HIF-1α, and HIF-1α transcriptionally regulated expression of IL-6. Experiments in animals showed that miR-143 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis by regulating IL-6/HIF-1α and downstream signaling pathways in vivo. These outcomes support the hypothesis that the miR-143/IL-6/HIF-1α pathway functions to regulate Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Feng-Mei Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Xue Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
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Molano Franco D, Arevalo‐Rodriguez I, Roqué i Figuls M, Montero Oleas NG, Nuvials X, Zamora J. Plasma interleukin-6 concentration for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 4:CD011811. [PMID: 31038735 PMCID: PMC6490303 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011811.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The definition of sepsis has evolved over time, along with the clinical and scientific knowledge behind it. For years, sepsis was defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the presence of a documented or suspected infection. At present, sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Even though sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in critically ill patients, and the World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes it as a healthcare priority, it still lacks an accurate diagnostic test. Determining the accuracy of interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in plasma, which is proposed as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis, might be helpful to provide adequate and timely management of critically ill patients, and thus reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration for the diagnosis of bacterial sepsis in critically ill adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and Web of Science on 25 January 2019. We screened references in the included studies to identify additional studies. We did not apply any language restriction to the electronic searches. SELECTION CRITERIA We included diagnostic accuracy studies enrolling critically ill adults aged 18 years or older under suspicion of sepsis during their hospitalization, where IL-6 concentrations were evaluated by serological measurement. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the references to identify relevant studies and extracted data. We assessed the methodological quality of studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. We estimated a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve by fitting a hierarchical summary ROC (HSROC) non-linear mixed model. We explored sources of heterogeneity using the HSROC model parameters. We conducted all analyses in the SAS statistical software package and R software. MAIN RESULTS We included 23 studies (n = 4192) assessing the accuracy of IL-6 for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults. Twenty studies that were available as conference proceedings only are awaiting classification. The included participants were heterogeneous in terms of their distribution of age, gender, main diagnosis, setting, country, positivity threshold, sepsis criteria, year of publication, and origin of infection, among other factors. Prevalence of sepsis greatly varied across studies, ranging from 12% to 78%. We considered all studies to be at high risk of bias due to issues related to the index test domain in QUADAS-2. The SROC curve showed a great dispersion in individual studies accuracy estimates (21 studies, 3650 adult patients), therefore the considerable heterogeneity in the collected data prevented us from calculating formal accuracy estimates. Using a fixed prevalence of sepsis of 50% and a fixed specificity of 74%, we found a sensitivity of 66% (95% confidence interval 60 to 72). If we test a cohort 1000 adult patients under suspicion of sepsis with IL-6, we will find that 330 patients would receive appropriate and timely antibiotic therapy, while 130 patients would be wrongly considered to have sepsis. In addition, 370 out of 1000 patients would avoid unnecessary antibiotic therapy, and 170 patients would have been undiagnosed of sepsis. This numerical approach should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations described above. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our evidence assessment of plasma interleukin-6 concentrations for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults reveals several limitations. High heterogeneity of collected evidence regarding the main diagnosis, setting, country, positivity threshold, sepsis criteria, year of publication, and the origin of infection, among other factors, along with the potential number of misclassifications, remain significant constraints for its implementation. The 20 conference proceedings assessed as studies awaiting classification may alter the conclusions of the review once they are fully published and evaluated. Further studies about the accuracy of interleukin-6 for the diagnosis of sepsis in adults that apply rigorous methodology for conducting diagnostic test accuracy studies are needed. The conclusions of the review will likely change once the 20 studies pending publication are fully published and included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Molano Franco
- Fundacion Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital de San JoséDepartment of Critical CareCarrera 19 # 8‐32BogotaBogotaColombia11001
| | - Ingrid Arevalo‐Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS). CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)Clinical Biostatistics UnitCtra. Colmenar Km. 9,100MadridSpain28034
- Cochrane Associate Centre of MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTECentro Asociado Cochrane de EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Marta Roqué i Figuls
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Sant Antoni Maria Claret 171Edifici Casa de ConvalescènciaBarcelonaCatalunyaSpain08041
| | - Nadia G Montero Oleas
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTECentro Asociado Cochrane de EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Xavier Nuvials
- Hospital Vall d’HebronDepartment of Critical Care MedicinePasseig Vall d’Hebron 119‐129BarcelonaSpain08035
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR)SODIR research groupBarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Cochrane Associate Centre of MadridMadridSpain
- Women’s Health Research Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal (IRYCIS). CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)Clinical Biostatistics UnitMadridSpain
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Soler L, Dąbrowski R, García N, Alava MA, Lampreave F, Piñeiro M, Wawron W, Szczubiał M, Bochniarz M. Acute-phase inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) levels in serum and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus species and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:539-546. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jukić M, Pogorelić Z, Šupe-Domić D, Jerončić A. Comparison of inflammatory stress response between laparoscopic and open approach for pediatric inguinal hernia repair in children. Surg Endosc 2018; 33:3243-3250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-06611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Scarabelot VL, de Oliveira C, Medeiros LF, de Macedo IC, Cioato SG, Adachi LNS, Paz AH, de Souza A, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduces nociceptive behaviour in an orofacial pain model. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 46:40-50. [PMID: 30281821 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain and is related to the reversal of maladaptive plasticity associated with chronic pain. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of tDCS, a non-pharmacological therapy, on local mechanical hyperalgesia, and remote thermal hyperalgesia in rats submitted to orofacial inflammatory pain model, by facial von Frey and hot plate tests, respectively. In addition, we evaluated levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-10 and IL-6 in the brainstem and blood serum of these animals at 24 hours and 7 days after the end of tDCS treatment. METHODS Rats were subjected to temporomandibular joint pain and treated with tDCS. The animals were divided into control, pain and pain + treatment groups. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated at baseline, 7 days after administration of complete Freund's adjuvant, and immediately, 24 hours, and 7 days after the tDCS treatment. Neuroimmunomodulators levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by (GEE)/Bonferroni (behavioural tests), three-way ANOVA/SNK (neurochemical tests) and Kruskal-Wallis (histological analysis). RESULTS Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.01). We observed interaction between factors (pain and treatment) increasing brainstem BDNF (P < 0.01) and NGF (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, we found an increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the brainstem at 24 hours and 7 days after tDCS, respectively. CONCLUSION We showed that tDCS reduces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by orofacial pain until 7 days after treatment. These findings demonstrate that tDCS was effective in the control of orofacial inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Scarabelot
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane F Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel C de Macedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania G Cioato
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauren Naomi S Adachi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Department of Surgery in Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Mercuri LG. Prevention and detection of prosthetic temporomandibular joint infections-update. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:217-224. [PMID: 30316660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infections are not only distressing complications for patients and surgeons, but also have an enormous financial impact on healthcare systems. The reported incidence of prosthetic joint infection is likely underestimated due to difficulties in their diagnosis. This unfortunate complication has challenged joint replacement surgeons for years, despite all the advances made in this surgical discipline. Since eradication of these infections can be very difficult, prevention remains the primary objective. Identifying recipient risk factors, adopting a proper surgical technique, appropriate wound care, optimizing the operating room environment, and appropriate postoperative care have become some of the core elements that can help to minimize the overall incidence of this complication. The purpose of this article is to provide the temporomandibular joint replacement surgeon with an update on the prevention and detection of prosthetic joint infections based on a review of the most recent information published in the orthopedic and surgical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Mercuri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Goswami K, Parvizi J, Maxwell Courtney P. Current Recommendations for the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic PJI for Hip and Knee-Cell Counts, Alpha-Defensin, Leukocyte Esterase, Next-generation Sequencing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2018; 11:428-438. [PMID: 30062484 PMCID: PMC6105482 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-018-9513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant progress in recent years, the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenge and no gold standard test exists. A combination of serological, synovial, microbiological, histological, and radiological investigations is performed that are expensive, often invasive, and imperfect. Novel biomarkers and molecular methods have shown promise in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an update about the diagnostic recommendations for PJI and cover a selection of emerging diagnostic tools. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature highlights a new evidence-based definition for diagnosing hip and knee PJI that shows excellent performance on formal external multi-institutional validation. There is also increasing evidence to support the measurement of selected biomarkers in serum and synovial fluid, such as alpha-defensin, D-dimer, and interleukin-6. Finally, the emerging utility of next-generation sequencing for pathogen identification is discussed. In summary, we describe current recommendations and emerging tests for the diagnosis of PJI. Residual limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Goswami
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 125 S 9th St. Ste 1000, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Javad Parvizi
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 125 S 9th St. Ste 1000, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - P Maxwell Courtney
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 125 S 9th St. Ste 1000, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Zhu W, Li J, Wu B. Gene expression profiling of the mouse gut: Effect of intestinal flora on intestinal health. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:3667-3673. [PMID: 29257327 PMCID: PMC5802172 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms, including potential genes, pathways and interactions, underlying the effect of intestinal flora on intestinal health. The gene expression profiles of GSE22648 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for Gene Ontology (GO) functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs. DEG‑associated literature was mined using the GenCLip 2.0 online tool. Finally, GO and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs in the literature were processed. By comparing microbiota‑depleted mouse samples and control mouse samples, a total of 115 DEGs, including 58 upregulated genes and 57 downregulated genes, were screened. The upregulated genes were enriched into various GO terms, including microsome, oxidation reduction and heme binding, whereas the 57 downregulated DEGs were enriched in different functions, including DNA packaging and linoleic acid metabolism. A total of 19 genes, including baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5, aurora kinase A, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 and free fatty acid receptor 2 were identified and enriched in four modules, including cell division, chromosome segregation, inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory response. AURKA, inner centromere protein antigens 135/155 kDa, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5, aurora kinase B and solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/zwitterion transporter) member 4 were identified as potential important genes for intestinal flora and intestinal disease treatment through their involvement in various functions, including cell division, chromosome segregation, inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Benyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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The Diagnostic Roles of Cytokines in Hepatobiliary Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2979307. [PMID: 29410961 PMCID: PMC5749214 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2979307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of several cytokines including IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the diagnosis of HPB cancers. Materials and Methods The prospective study was performed between October 2007 and September 2014. The study included 226 patients who were divided into 5 groups depending on their postoperative and histopathologic diagnosis: Control group included 30 healthy volunteers. Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) group included 24 patients diagnosed with HCC. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) group included 36 patients diagnosed with GBC. Cholangiocellular carcinoma group included 64 patients diagnosed with cholangiocellular carcinoma. Pancreatic cancer group included 72 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in accordance with the guidelines of the producer. Results Serum TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in the cholangiocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer groups compared to other groups. IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in both the HCC and GBC groups, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the cholangiocellular carcinoma group, and IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the pancreatic cancer group. Conclusion We suggest that cytokines can be used as useful markers in the diagnosis of HPB cancers.
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Bochniarz M, Zdzisińska B, Wawron W, Szczubiał M, Dąbrowski R. Milk and serum IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and amyloid A concentrations in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9674-9680. [PMID: 28964518 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and acute phase protein amyloid A in milk and in serum from cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and from healthy cows. The blood and milk samples were obtained from 35 midlactation, multiparous (between parities 2 and 4) Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk samples from 20 cows with subclinical mastitis, the following species of Staphylococcus were detected: Staphylococcus xylosus (8 samples), Staphylococcus chromogenes (6 samples), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2 samples), Staphylococcus simulans (2 samples), and Staphylococcus sciuri (2 samples). The results of the present study indicate that the level of IL-6 in cows suffering from subclinical mastitis tended to be high in both serum and milk (432.09 and 254.32 pg/mL) compared with the level in healthy cows (164.47 and 13.02 pg/mL, respectively). Amyloid A value also was significantly higher in milk of unhealthy cows compared with cows without subclinical mastitis (790.2 and 360.5 ng/mL). No significant differences were found in levels of amyloid A in serum of both tested groups of cows (2,680.0 and 2,720.0 ng/mL). In contrast, concentration of IL-4 was significantly lower both in serum and in milk of cows with staphylococcal mastitis (86.1 and 123.17 pg/mL) compared with control animals (413.5 and 670.2 pg/mL). The level of IL-10 also was significantly higher in milk of healthy cows than in infected cows (39.78 and 22.5 pg/mL); however, differences in serum levels of this cytokine between tested groups were significantly less important (220.6 and 175.1 pg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Władysław Wawron
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland
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Moran DM, Koniaris LG, Jablonski EM, Cahill PA, Halberstadt CR, McKillop IH. Microencapsulation of Engineered Cells to Deliver Sustained High Circulating Levels of Interleukin-6 to Study Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:785-98. [PMID: 17269449 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interlukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleitropic cytokine that plays a central role in normal and abnormal hepatic function and response. The aims of the current study were to determine the viability of using cell encapsulation technology to introduce a genetically modified xenogeneic (CHO) cell population to elevate circulating levels of rhIL-6 in a rat model and determine the effects of sustained high rhIL-6 levels on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in vivo. An alginate matrix was combined with transfected CHO cells, selected for their ability to synthesize rhIL-6, and used to generate uniform alginate–cell beads. Once encapsulated transfected cells continued to undergo replication, formed colonies within the bead, and synthesized/released large quantities of rhIL-6 into culture medium in vitro. Intraperitoneal implantation of beads into rats resulted in significantly increased circulating and intrahepatic levels of rhIL-6 up to 4 days postimplantation. Prolonged implantation led to the escape of CHO cells from the bead, resulting in a host response and CHO cell death within the bead. Subsequently CHO-IL-6 encapsulated cells were implanted into rats previously inoculated intrahepatically with the H4IIE HCC cell line. These studies demonstrated the maintenance of high circulating/intrahepatic rhIL-6 levels in this model. Despite significantly increased rhIL-6, this technique did not significantly alter the rate of net tumor progression. However, Stat3 activity was significantly increased in both normal liver and HCC tissue resected from animals implanted with CHO-IL-6 cells. Collectively these data demonstrate the short-term viability of using cell encapsulation technology to generate high levels of active circulating and intrahepatic cytokines and raise the possibility of modifying specific signal transduction cascades identified to be important during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmuid M Moran
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Serum and Synovial Fluid Interleukin-6 for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1496. [PMID: 28473693 PMCID: PMC5431429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A gold standard for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum and synovial fluid interleukin (IL)-6 levels for PJI. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies describing PJI diagnosis using serum and synovial fluid IL-6 and published between January 1990 and October 2016. Seventeen studies were included in the analysis. The pooled sensitivities of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.80) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82–0.96), respectively. The pooled specificities of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.77–0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.95), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 were 20 (95% CI: 7–58) and 101 (95% CI: 28–358), respectively, and the pooled areas under the curve (AUCs) were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.98), respectively. Synovial fluid IL-6 had high diagnostic value for PJI. Although serum IL-6 test was less sensitive than synovial fluid IL-6 test, it may be regularly prescribed for patients with prosthetic failure owing to its high specificity.
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Khan J, Noboru N, Young A, Thomas D. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) in rat model of neuroma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:155-159. [PMID: 28462800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic neuroma is neuronal tissue proliferation developed in a nerve injury site, often associated with increased sensitivity and spontaneous or evoked neuropathic pain. The mechanisms leading to the disorganized nerve proliferation are not completely understood, though inflammation in the injured nerve vicinity most likely has a role in the process. Inflammatory cytokines are also known to be involved in the maintenance and development of post-traumatic and neuropathic pain. The goal of this study was to quantify and compare pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) levels in nerves that formed neuromas and nerves that did not, following sciatic nerve transection. A total of 30 rats were used in this study. Twenty rats underwent sciatic nerve transection and 10 underwent sham surgery. Six weeks post-surgery nerve sections were collected and histologically evaluated for neuroma formation. The samples were then classified as neuroma, non-neuroma and sham groups. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured in the nerves employing ELISA. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both neuroma and non-neuroma-forming injured nerves compared to the sham group. IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the neuroma-forming nerves compared to the sham group. IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the non-neuroma group compared to the sham group. In conclusion IL-6, and IL-1 β may have a role in the formation of traumatic neuroma while IL-10 may inhibit neuroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junad Khan
- Orofacial Pain Clinic, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY,14620, USA.
| | - Noma Noboru
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Andrew Young
- University of Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
| | - Davis Thomas
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, USA,.
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Du G, Liu C, Li X, Chen W, He R, Wang X, Feng P, Lan W. Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 by tumor necrosis factor-α is mediated by interleukin-6 in cultured fibroblasts of keratoconus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:2033-2041. [PMID: 27207902 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory molecules and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) have been found over-expressed in the tear film of patients with keratoconus. However, the mechanistic link between inflammatory molecules and MMPs in the pathogenesis of keratoconus remains still elusive. Therefore, we investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on MMP-1 expression and used IL-6 antibody (IL-6 Ab) to examine the role of IL-6 on TNF-α mediated regulation of MMP-1 in fibroblasts of normal cornea and keratoconus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot data demonstrated that MMP-1 and IL-6 were expressed in fibroblasts of normal cornea and keratoconus. Levels of MMP-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in keratoconus than normal cornea. TNF-α treatment led to a significant increase in IL-6 levels. IL-6 treatment induced MMP-1 synthesis in normal cornea and keratoconus. TNF-α increased MMP-1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner and this response was completely inhibited by the IL-6 Ab. In conclusion, these results indicate that fibroblasts of keratoconus shows increased levels of IL-6 and MMP-1 gene and protein expression and IL-6 mediates the TNF-α-induced MMP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlai Du
- 1 Shanxi Key Lab of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chengxing Liu
- 2 Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- 1 Shanxi Key Lab of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- 1 Shanxi Key Lab of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Rui He
- 3 Department of Excimer Laser, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- 1 Shanxi Key Lab of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- 1 Shanxi Key Lab of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Weiwei Lan
- 1 Shanxi Key Lab of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Ruiz S, Vardon-Bounes F, Merlet-Dupuy V, Conil JM, Buléon M, Fourcade O, Tack I, Minville V. Sepsis modeling in mice: ligation length is a major severity factor in cecal ligation and puncture. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016; 4:22. [PMID: 27430881 PMCID: PMC4949182 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, a gold standard in sepsis research, is associated with an important variability in mortality. While the number of punctures and needle size is well described in CLP animal studies, the length of cecal ligation is often not. The relationship between cecal ligation and survival in mice is briefly reported in the literature; therefore, we devised an investigation in mice of the consequences of three standardized cecal ligation lengths on mortality and the severity of the ensued sepsis. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice underwent standardized CLP. The cecum was ligated at 5, 20, or 100 % of its total length and further perforated by a single 20-G puncture. Mortality was analyzed. We assessed blood lactate, serum creatinine levels, and serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) after procedure in a control group and in ligated mice. Results Mortality was directly related to ligation length: median survival was 24 h for the “100 %” group and 44 h for the “20 %” group. Blood lactate increased proportionally with the ligation length. At 6 h post-procedure, pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the ligated group with significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 in the 100 % group compared to the other ligated groups. The 20 % group exhibited the characteristics of septic shock with hypotension below 65 mmHg, pro-inflammatory balance, organ dysfunction, and hyperlactatemia. Conclusions Cecal ligation length appears to be a major limiting factor in the mouse CLP model. Thus, this experimental model should be performed with high consistency in future protocol designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ruiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France. .,Inserm/UPS UMR 1048 - I2MC, Equipe 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fanny Vardon-Bounes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.,Inserm/UPS UMR 1048 - I2MC, Equipe 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Merlet-Dupuy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Marie Conil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Buléon
- Inserm/UPS UMR 1048 - I2MC, Equipe 12, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Fourcade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.,EA 4564 - MATN - Laboratoire de Modélisation de l'Agression Tissulaire et de la Nociception Toulouse, Institut Louis Bugnard (IFR 150), Toulouse, France
| | - Ivan Tack
- Inserm/UPS UMR 1048 - I2MC, Equipe 12, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Minville
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.,Inserm/UPS UMR 1048 - I2MC, Equipe 3, Toulouse, France
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Arslan MS, Basuguy E, Ibiloglu I, Bozdemir E, Zeytun H, Sahin A, Kaplan I, Aydogdu B, Otcu S. Effects of Ecballium Elaterium on Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Model of Sepsis. J INVEST SURG 2016; 29:399-404. [PMID: 27191817 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1181230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ecballium elaterium (EE) is a plant from Cucurbitaceae family. Its anti-inflammatory role in sepsis is not well understood. We investigated the effects of EE on serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and further explored the mechanisms underlying histological changes in liver and ileum following EE administration in a polymicrobial sepsis model. METHODS Thirty rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Rats were subjected to sham laparotomy plus normal saline administration (control group, CG), laparotomy with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (sepsis group, SG), and laparotomy with CLP plus 2.5 mg/kg EE administration (experimental group, EG). Twenty-four hours after laparotomy, animals underwent cardiac puncture, and blood was collected for interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) assessment. Whole sections of liver and ileum tissues were collected for histologic examination. RESULTS The serum level of IL-6 was significantly lower in EG as compared to SG. Although IL-6 levels were shown a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) decline to near control values, no significant changes were observed in serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α after EE treatment. Histologic examination revealed statistically significant reduction in collagen formation (p = 0.001) on serosal surface of ileum and hepatic venous congestion (p = 0.040) in EG as compared to SG. CONCLUSION EE might play a protective role in sepsis prevention and treatment by decreasing IL-6 production and reducing liver damage and may influence bacterial translocation by reinforcing intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Serif Arslan
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Dicle , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Erol Basuguy
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Dicle , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ibiloglu
- b Department of Pathology , University of Dicle , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Eda Bozdemir
- c Department of Cellular and Structural Biology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , United States
| | - Hikmet Zeytun
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Dicle , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Atalay Sahin
- d Department of Thoracic Surgery , Dicle University Hospital , Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kaplan
- e Department of Biochemistry , Dicle University Hospital , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Bahattin Aydogdu
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Dicle , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Selcuk Otcu
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Dicle , Diyarbakir , Turkey
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The protective effect of green and black teas (Camellia sinensis) and their identified compounds against murine sepsis. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li H, Li S, Zheng J, Cai C, Ye B, Yang J, Chen Z. Cerebrospinal fluid Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in children with enterovirus 71-associated meningoencephalitis. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:152-9. [PMID: 25611005 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection can cause severe neurological complications including meningoencephalitis (ME) in some patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). However, to date no studies have reported changes in cytokine concentrations and their correlations with clinical variables in patients with ME following EV71 infection. In this study, responses of Th1/Th2 cytokine, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with EV71-related HFMD with ME and patients with febrile convulsions (FC) were analyzed using cytometric bead array technology. It was found that CSF IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly higher in patients with EV71-related ME than in those with FC. Additionally, both CSF IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations were correlated with CSF cytology, fever duration and duration of hospital stay. More interestingly, a positive correlation between CSF IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations was observed. Finally, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that when a cutoff value of 9.40 pg/mL was set for IL-6, the sensitivity and specificity were 84.5% and 85.5%, respectively, for discriminating EV71-related ME from FC. In conclusion, IL-6 and IFN-γ may be associated with EV71-induced neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003,; Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000
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