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Takahashi K, Mashima H, Sekine M, Uehara T, Asano T, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y, Ohnishi H. Rab7 localized on zymogen granules is involved in maturation but not in autophagy or regulated exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22084. [PMID: 38087030 PMCID: PMC10716180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab7 is known to function in the autophagy and endocytosis pathways in eukaryocytes and is related to various diseases. We recently reported that Rab7 plays a protective role against acute pancreatitis. However, its physiological function in exocytic cells remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of Rab7 in pancreas-specific Rab7 knockout mice (Rab7Δpan). Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Rab7 colocalized with amylase in pancreatic acinar cells of wild-type mice, but not in Rab7Δpan mice. Western blotting confirmed Rab7 localization in the zymogen granule (ZG) membranes of wild-type mice. Cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated amylase secretion examined using isolated pancreatic acini was similar in Rab7Δpan and wild-type mice. In contrast, electron microscopy revealed that the diameters of ZGs were shorter and the number of ZGs was larger in the pancreatic acinar cells of Rab7Δpan mice than in those of wild-type mice. However, the number of ZGs decreased in both Rab7Δpan and wild-type mice after 24 h of starvation. In addition, the amount of amylase in the pancreas was decreased in both Rab7Δpan and wild-type mice. These data indicate that Rab7 localized on ZGs plays a crucial role in the maturation of ZGs but not in their autophagy or regulated exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hirosato Mashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Masanari Sekine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takeharu Asano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Science, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohide Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhu J, Xiao Q, Yin L, Zhang F, Wen L, Suolang S, He K. Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 activates pancreatic secretion pathway by interacting with CHRM3 protein. Vet Microbiol 2022; 272:109495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moteki H, Ogihara M, Kimura M. <i>S</i>-Allyl-L-cysteine Promotes Cell Proliferation by Stimulating Growth Hormone Receptor/Janus Kinase 2/Phospholipase C Pathways and Promoting Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type-I Secretion in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:625-634. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Moteki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Masahiko Ogihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Mitsutoshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Suarez-Castellanos I, Singh T, Chatterjee Bhowmick D, Cohen J, Jeremic A, Zderic V. Effect of Therapeutic Ultrasound on the Release of Insulin, Glucagon, and Alpha-Amylase from Ex Vivo Pancreatic Models. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:2709-2719. [PMID: 33595146 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previously published studies showed the potential of therapeutic ultrasound (US) as a novel non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of secretory deficiencies in type 2 diabetes. Despite showing enhanced insulin release from beta cells, these studies did not explore the potential effects of US treatment on other cells in the islets of Langerhans such as glucagon-secreting alpha cells or acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. METHODS We applied US parameters found capable of safely stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells (f = 800 kHz, ISPTA = 0.5-1 W/cm2 , 5 minutes) to a diced rabbit pancreas model in culture plates (n = 6 per group). Released quantities of insulin and glucagon in response to US treatment were measured by collecting aliquots of the extracellular medium prior to the start of the treatment (t = 0 minute), immediately after treatment (t = 5 minutes) and 30 minutes after the end of treatment (t = 35 minutes). Potential release of digestive enzyme alpha-amylase as a result of US treatment was evaluated in rabbit pancreas experiments. Preliminary studies were also performed in a small number of human pancreatic islets in culture plates (n = 3 per group). The general integrity of the US-treated rabbit pancreatic tissue and human pancreatic islets was evaluated through histological analysis. RESULTS While sham-treated rabbit pancreas samples showed decreased extracellular insulin content, there was an increase in insulin release at t = 5 minutes from samples treated with US at 800 kHz and 1 W/cm2 (P <.005). Furthermore, no further insulin release was detected at t = 35 minutes. No statistically significant difference in extracellular glucagon and alpha-amylase concentrations was observed between US-treated and sham rabbit pancreas groups. Preliminary studies in human islets appeared to follow trends observed in rabbit pancreas studies. Islet and other pancreatic tissue integrity did not appear to be affected by the US treatment. CONCLUSION A potential US-based strategy for enhanced insulin release would require optimization of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells while minimizing glucagon and pancreatic enzyme secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Suarez-Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tania Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Diti Chatterjee Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty Associates, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aleksandar Jeremic
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Vesna Zderic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Clinical Characteristics of Resected Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Korean Multi-Institutional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205095. [PMID: 34680244 PMCID: PMC8534044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma accounts for less than 1% of primary pancreatic neoplasms. Because of its rarity, its characteristics and clinical outcomes remain unclear. Treatment strategies for pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma have relied on those of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In previous studies, it has been difficult to identify its characteristics due to the lack of cohort numbers in single institutional studies with detailed data and the lack of detailed data in large cohort multi-institutional studies. This retrospective multicenter cohort used a database founded in 2015 by the Korean Association of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery. This database has collected nationwide patient data with details. In the present study, we aimed to better understand clinical outcomes of resected pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and to lay the groundwork for establishing proper treatment strategies. Abstract Given the rare incidence of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC), its post-resection clinical outcomes remain unclear. Treatment strategies for PACC have relied on those of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The present study retrospectively investigated clinicopathologic characteristics of resected PACC registered in the Korea Tumor Registry System Biliary Pancreas database. Among 59 patients with a mean age of 59.2 years and a male predominance (83.1%), 43, 5, 7, and 4 had pure PACC, ductal differentiations, mixed neuroendocrine carcinomas, and intraductal and papillary variants, respectively. The mean tumor size was 4.6 cm, consisting of eight at T1, 26 at T2, and 25 at T3 stages. Metastasis to regional lymph node was identified in 15 (25.4%) patients. Thirty-one (52.5%) patients received adjuvant therapy. Five-year survival rate was 57.4%. The median survival was 78.8 months. In survival comparison according to the stage with AJCC system, N stage (lymph node metastasis), but not T stage, showed significant differences (p = 0.027). Resected PACC appeared to have clinical outcomes distinct from those of PDAC in this nationwide study. Therefore, large-scale multinational studies are needed to overcome the rarity of PACC and to establish an appropriate treatment strategies and staging system.
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Nishimura S, Utsumi M, Aoki H, Une Y, Kashima H, Kimura Y, Taniguchi F, Arata T, Katsuda K, Tanakaya K, Sato Y. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Remnant Pancreas after Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Acinar Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report. J NIPPON MED SCH 2019; 86:279-283. [PMID: 31061255 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2018_86-501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the remnant pancreas of a 78-year-old man after pancreaticoduodenectomy for acinar cell carcinoma, a relatively rare pancreatic neoplasm. After diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas (disease stage IA, pT1, pN0, M0), without regional lymph node invasion. Cancer antigen 19-9 levels gradually increased during the 22 months after surgery, and computed tomography showed two solid tumors, 1.1 and 2.1 cm in diameter, at the site of the remnant pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration revealed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The tumor cells were not immunoreactive for trypsin. Both tumors were diagnosed as PDAC of the remnant pancreas. The patient declined curative resection, and chemoradiotherapy was started as alternative treatment. The patient died 28 months after surgery. Because this is an extremely rare case, additional cases and studies are needed in order to clarify its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Nishimura
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Masashi Utsumi
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Hideki Aoki
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Yuta Une
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Hajime Kashima
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Yuji Kimura
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Fumitaka Taniguchi
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Takashi Arata
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Koh Katsuda
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Kohji Tanakaya
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
| | - Yumiko Sato
- Departments of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni Clinical Center
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Grupp K, Bonk S, Poppe A, Wodack K, Reeh M, Gocht A, Mann O, Izbicki JR, Bachmann K. Cholecystokinin-8 treatment reduces acinar necrosis and edema of pigs with induced pancreatitis. Asian J Surg 2019; 43:272-277. [PMID: 31171354 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreas and a leading cause of hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders. Previously, cholecystokinin (CCK) has been described to play a role in regeneration of pancreas. The aim of this study was to analyse the function of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) during induced pancreatitis in an animal model. METHODS Overall acute pancreatitis was induced in 38 pigs. After the induction of acute pancreatitis, half of the animals were treated with CCK-8. Intraoperative clinical data, postoperative blood parameters, 'Porcine Well-being' (PWB) and fitness score and post-mortal histopathological data were analysed. RESULTS At baseline, physiologically parameters of the pigs of both groups were comparable. No differences were observed regarding the overall survival of animals (p = 0.97). Postoperative PWB score were significantly enhanced in animals treated with CCK-8 as compared to the control group (p = 0.029). Moreover, histopathological analysis of the pancreatic tissue revealed that acinar necrosis and edema were significant reduced in the CCK-8 group in comparison to the control group (p = 0.016 and p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that CCK-8 treatment reduces acinar necrosis and edema of pancreatic tissue after induction of an acute pancreatitis in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupp
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Bonk
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Poppe
- Centre of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Wodack
- Centre of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gocht
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Bachmann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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He C, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Duan F, Lin X, Li S. Nomogram to Predict Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma: A Competing Risk Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:4117-4127. [PMID: 30519311 PMCID: PMC6277614 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the probability of cancer-specific death of patients with acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) and build nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of these patients. Methods: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients diagnosed with ACC between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively collected. Cancer-specific mortality and competing risk mortality were evaluated. Nomograms for estimating 1-, 2- and 3-year OS and CSS were established based on Cox regression model and Fine and Grey's model. The precision of the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival of the nomograms was evaluated and compared using the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results: The study cohort included 227 patients with ACC. The established nomograms were well calibrated, and had good discriminative ability, with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.742 for OS prediction and 0.766 for CSS prediction. The nomograms displayed better discrimination power than 7th or 8th edition Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage systems in training set and validation set for predicting both OS and CSS. The AUC values of the nomogram predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 0.784, 0.797 and 0.805, respectively, which were higher than those of 7th or 8th edition TNM stage systems. Regard to the prediction of CSS rates, the AUC values of the nomogram were also higher than those of 7th or 8th edition TNM stage systems. Conclusion: We evaluated the 1-, 2- and 3-year OS and CSS in patients with ACC for the first time. Our nomograms showed relatively good performance and could be considered as convenient individualized predictive tools for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fangting Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Lee KP, Kim HJ, Yang D. Functional identification of protein phosphatase 1-binding consensus residues in NBCe1-B. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 22:91-99. [PMID: 29302216 PMCID: PMC5746516 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is involved in various signal transduction mechanisms as an extensive regulator. The PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) recognizes and binds to PP1-binding consensus residues (FxxR/KxR/K) in NBCe1-B. Consequently, we focused on identifying the function of the PP1-binding consensus residue, 922FMDRLK927, in NBCe1-B. Using site-directed mutagenesis and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we revealed that in cases where the residues were substituted (F922A, R925A, and K927A) or deleted (deletion of amino acids 922–927), NBCe1-B mutants inhibited PP1 binding to NBCe1-B. Additionally, by recording the intracellular pH, we found that PP1-binding consensus residues in NBCe1-B were not only critical for NBCe1-B activity, but also relevant to its surface expression level. Therefore, we reported that NBCe1-B, as a substrate of PP1, contains these residues in the C-terminal region and that the direct interaction between NBCe1-B and PP1 is functionally critical in controlling the regulation of the HCO3− transport. These results suggested that like IRBIT, PP1 was another novel regulator of HCO3− secretion in several types of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Pil Lee
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Seo S, Yoo C, Kim KP, Ryoo BY, Chang HM, Hong SM, Lee JH, Song KB, Hwang DW, Kim KH, Hwang S, Kim SC. Clinical outcomes of patients with resectable pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:480-486. [PMID: 28671770 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the rarity of the disease, the post-resection clinical course of localized pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the outcomes of patients with localized pancreatic ACC who underwent curative surgical resection. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 20 patients with resectable pancreatic ACC who underwent surgery. RESULTS Altogether 20 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 57 years and a male predominance. There were eight pure ACC, 10 mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas and two mixed acinar-ductal adenocarcinomas. Among the 15 patients who were staged histologically, 3, 8 and 4 were at stages IB, IIA and IIB, respectively. Eleven patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil-based [n = 9]; gemcitabine [n = 1]; etoposide plus cisplatin [n = 1]). In a median follow-up period of 27.1 months, disease recurred in 10 patients, most commonly in the liver (90%). Median recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 16.9 months and 75.0 months, respectively. Elevation of cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), lymph node metastasis and neural invasion were significantly associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.007, P = 0.027 and P = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compared with ductal adenocarcinoma, resectable pancreatic ACC has a favorable prognosis after surgery. Considering that distant metastasis is the most common pattern of recurrence, further studies are necessary to define the role of adjuvant chemotherapy for improving survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Seo
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Poy Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Moon Chang
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Byung Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang Y, Wang S, Zhou X, Zhou H, Cui Y, Li Q, Zhang L. Acinar cell carcinoma: a report of 19 cases with a brief review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:172. [PMID: 27352960 PMCID: PMC4924290 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare pancreatic neoplasm with poorly defined prognosis. This study aimed to investigate this rare pancreatic neoplasm through comparing patients with ACC to pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (DCA). Methods Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital pathology database was reviewed from 1995 to 2015, and 19 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC were enrolled while 19 conventional DCA patients assigned randomly as control. Retrospective review and follow-up were performed for each patient. Regression methods were used to identify differences between ACC and DCA. Results In our study, most patients suffered from abdominal or back pain, and no lipase hypersecretion syndrome was observed. For ACC, resected cases had better survival than those without resection, and earlier staging was related to longer survival. Resection with postoperative adjuvant therapy had a better outcome than surgery alone. Twelve cases developed recurrence. Compared to DCA, ACC had earlier staging and better survival. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for patients with ACC were 73.7, 26.3, and 5 %, respectively. Conclusions ACC carries a better prognosis than DCA and a similarly high recurrence rate, while surgical resection proved the best first-line approach for it. A well-planned neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy indeed benefit the patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- The Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- The Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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12
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Geron E, Schejter ED, Shilo BZ. Assessing the secretory capacity of pancreatic acinar cells. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25226212 DOI: 10.3791/51799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic acinar cells produce and secrete digestive enzymes. These cells are organized as a cluster which forms and shares a joint lumen. This work demonstrates how the secretory capacity of these cells can be assessed by culture of isolated acini. The setup is advantageous since isolated acini, which retain many characteristics of the intact exocrine pancreas can be manipulated and monitored more readily than in the whole animal. Proper isolation of pancreatic acini is a key requirement so that the ex vivo culture will represent the in vivo nature of the acini. The protocol demonstrates how to isolate intact acini from the mouse pancreas. Subsequently, two complementary methods for evaluating pancreatic secretion are presented. The amylase secretion assay serves as a global measure, while direct imaging of pancreatic secretion allows the characterization of secretion at a sub-cellular resolution. Collectively, the techniques presented here enable a broad spectrum of experiments to study exocrine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Geron
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science;
| | - Eyal D Schejter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Ben-Zion Shilo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
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Itkonen O, Stenman UH. TATI as a biomarker. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:260-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Makawita S, Dimitromanolakis A, Soosaipillai A, Soleas I, Chan A, Gallinger S, Haun RS, Blasutig IM, Diamandis EP. Validation of four candidate pancreatic cancer serological biomarkers that improve the performance of CA19.9. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:404. [PMID: 24007603 PMCID: PMC3847832 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of new serum biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity is an important priority in pancreatic cancer research. Through an extensive proteomics analysis of pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic juice, we previously generated a list of candidate pancreatic cancer biomarkers. The present study details further validation of four of our previously identified candidates: regenerating islet-derived 1 beta (REG1B), syncollin (SYCN), anterior gradient homolog 2 protein (AGR2), and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2). Methods The candidate biomarkers were validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in two sample sets of serum/plasma comprising a total of 432 samples (Sample Set A: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n = 100), healthy (n = 92); Sample Set B: PDAC (n = 82), benign (n = 41), disease-free (n = 47), other cancers (n = 70)). Biomarker performance in distinguishing PDAC from each control group was assessed individually in the two sample sets. Subsequently, multiparametric modeling was applied to assess the ability of all possible two and three marker panels in distinguishing PDAC from disease-free controls. The models were generated using sample set B, and then validated in Sample Set A. Results Individually, all markers were significantly elevated in PDAC compared to healthy controls in at least one sample set (p ≤ 0.01). SYCN, REG1B and AGR2 were also significantly elevated in PDAC compared to benign controls (p ≤ 0.01), and AGR2 was significantly elevated in PDAC compared to other cancers (p < 0.01). CA19.9 was also assessed. Individually, CA19.9 showed the greatest area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis when compared to the tested candidates; however when analyzed in combination, three panels (CA19.9 + REG1B (AUC of 0.88), CA19.9 + SYCN + REG1B (AUC of 0.87) and CA19.9 + AGR2 + REG1B (AUC of 0.87)) showed an AUC that was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of CA19.9 alone (AUC of 0.82). In a comparison of early-stage (Stage I-II) PDAC to disease free controls, the combination of SYCN + REG1B + CA19.9 showed the greatest AUC in both sample sets, (AUC of 0.87 and 0.92 in Sets A and B, respectively). Conclusions Additional serum biomarkers, particularly SYCN and REG1B, when combined with CA19.9, show promise as improved diagnostic indicators of pancreatic cancer, which therefore warrants further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Makawita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Santofimia-Castaño P, Ruy DC, Salido GM, González A. Melatonin modulates Ca2+ mobilization and amylase release in response to cholecystokinin octapeptide in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:897-908. [PMID: 23904230 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have evaluated the effect of an acute addition of melatonin on cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)-evoked Ca(2+) signals and amylase secretion in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. For this purpose, freshly isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells were loaded with fura-2 to study intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)). Amylase release and cell viability were studied employing colorimetric methods. Our results show that CCK-8 evoked a biphasic effect on amylase secretion, finding a maximum at a concentration of 0.1 nM and a reduction of secretion at higher concentrations. Pre-incubation of cells with melatonin (1 μM-1 mM) significantly attenuated enzyme secretion in response to high concentrations of CCK-8. Stimulation of cells with 1 nM CCK-8 led to a transient increase in [Ca(2+)](c), followed by a decrease towards a constant level. In the presence of 1 mM melatonin, stimulation of cells with CCK-8 resulted in a smaller [Ca(2+)](c) peak response, a faster rate of decay of [Ca(2+)](c) and lower values for the steady state of [Ca(2+)](c), compared with the effect of CCK-8 alone. Melatonin also reduced the oscillatory pattern of Ca(2+) mobilization evoked by a physiological concentration of CCK-8 (20 pM), and completely inhibited Ca(2+) mobilization induced by 10 pM CCK-8. On the other hand, Ca(2+) entry from the extracellular space was not affected in the presence of melatonin. Finally, melatonin alone did not change cell viability. We conclude that melatonin, at concentrations higher than those found in blood, might regulate exocrine pancreatic function via modulation of Ca(2+) signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
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16
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Geron E, Schejter ED, Shilo BZ. Targeting secretion to the apical surface by mDia1-built actin tracks. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e25660. [PMID: 24563699 PMCID: PMC3917947 DOI: 10.4161/cib.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical surface of secretory tubular epithelia is a dynamic cellular domain where massive membrane turnover takes place during exocytosis and its subsequent compensatory endocytosis. This extensive membrane flow poses a difficulty in targeting secretory vesicles efficiently to a narrow apical domain. We have studied how actin filaments mediate the secretory process in the murine exocrine pancreas, which produces and secretes digestive enzymes that are deposited into the intestine. We show that cargo-filled secretory vesicles move over bundles of linear actin cables from their storage areas to the apical membrane of pancreatic acinar cells. mDia1, a linear actin nucleator of the Formin family, was identified as the generator of these structures. The active form of mDia1 localizes to the apical surface, and the microfilament bundles it forms emanate from the apical surface and extend into the cytoplasm, generating polarized secretion tracks. These bundles ensure orderly progression of exocytosis, since the apical targeting of pancreatic vesicles is compromised in their absence, and vesicles fuse with each other to generate compound, membrane-associated secretory structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Geron
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal D Schejter
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Shilo
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
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Directing exocrine secretory vesicles to the apical membrane by actin cables generated by the formin mDia1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10652-7. [PMID: 23754409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303796110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The final stage in exocrine secretion involves translocation of vesicles from their storage areas to the apical membrane. We show that actin-coated secretory vesicles of the exocrine pancreas travel this distance over bundles of specialized actin cables emanating from the apical plasma membrane. These bundles are stable structures that require constant G-actin incorporation and are distinct from the actin web that surrounds the exocrine lumen. The murine mammalian Diaphanous-related formin 1 (mDia1) was identified as a generator of these cables. The active form of mDia1 localized to the apical membrane, and introduction of an active form of mDia1 led to a marked increase in bundle density along the lumen perimeter. Compromising formation of the cables does not prevent secretion, but results in disorganized trafficking and fusion between secretory vesicles. Similar apical secretory tracks were also found in the submandibular salivary glands. Together with previous results that identified a role for Diaphanous in apical secretion in tubular organs of Drosophila, the role of Diaphanous formins at the final stages of secretion appears to be highly conserved.
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18
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Matsumoto S, Sata N, Koizumi M, Lefor A, Yasuda Y. Imaging and pathological characteristics of small acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas: A report of 3 cases. Pancreatology 2013; 13:320-3. [PMID: 23719608 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present three patients with T2 acinar cell carcinomas (ACC) (two of which were small) and discuss their clinical and pathological features. Case 1: A 34 year-old woman had a 2.6 cm iso- or hyperdense tumor. Enucleation was performed but final diagnosis was ACC and a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Case 2: A 35 year-old woman was found to have a 4.5 cm hypervascular tumor in the tail of the pancreas. Distal pancreatectomy was performed. Case 3: A 61 year-old man suffered from acute pancreatitis and was found to have an encapsulated 2.5 cm hypervascular tumor in the head of pancreas. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. These three patients with T2 ACCs had common characteristics including well-demarcated exophytic tumors with slow and limited progress, distinctively different from large ACCs and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. ACCs are important in the differential diagnosis of homogeneously or heterogeneously enhancing small pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
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19
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Capoccia BJ, Jin RU, Kong YY, Peek RM, Fassan M, Rugge M, Mills JC. The ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 coordinates gastrointestinal secretory cell maturation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1475-91. [PMID: 23478405 DOI: 10.1172/jci65703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After cell fate specification, differentiating cells must amplify the specific subcellular features required for their specialized function. How cells regulate such subcellular scaling is a fundamental unanswered question. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 (MIB1) is required for the apical secretory apparatus established by gastric zymogenic cells as they differentiate from their progenitors. When Mib1 was deleted, death-associated protein kinase-1 (DAPK1) was rerouted to the cell base, microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) was dephosphorylated, and the apical vesicles that normally support mature secretory granules were dispersed. Consequently, secretory granules did not mature. The transcription factor MIST1 bound the first intron of Mib1 and regulated its expression. We further showed that loss of MIB1 and dismantling of the apical secretory apparatus was the earliest quantifiable aberration in zymogenic cells undergoing transition to a precancerous metaplastic state in mouse and human stomach. Our results reveal a mechanistic pathway by which cells can scale up a specific, specialized subcellular compartment to alter function during differentiation and scale it down during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Capoccia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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20
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Clinical and CT imaging features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Radiol Med 2013; 118:723-31. [PMID: 23358813 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-012-0908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to analyse the clinical characteristics and computed tomography (CT) imaging features of patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and to clarify characteristic imaging features. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and CT imaging records of ten patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (three women and seven men; mean age, 58 years) examined using multidetector CT scanners were retrospectively studied. CT features emphasised included lesion location, size, shape, margin, solid or cystic component, density and enhancement. Imaging results were correlated with intraoperative surgical and pathological results. RESULTS Lesions were distributed throughout the pancreatic head (n=3), body (n=3), tail (n=2) and both body and tail (n=2). The average diameter was 6.1 cm, varying from 2.3 cm to 15.8 cm. The tumours were round or oval (n=7) or lobular (n=3). Seven tumours appeared as enhanced solid pancreatic masses, with the large masses having hypodense areas; three had >75 % cystic component; seven (70%), including four solid and three cystic masses, had well-circumscribed or partially well-defined thin, enhanced encapsulation. After contrast injection, the masses presented heterogeneous enhancement. CONCLUSIONS Acinar cell carcinoma should always be considered when a large pancreatic mass with typical imaging is found in solid masses with variably sized central cystic areas or cystic masses.
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Takahashi H, Okamura D, Starr ME, Saito H, Evers BM. Age-dependent reduction of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85α suppresses pancreatic acinar cell proliferation. Aging Cell 2012; 11:305-14. [PMID: 22212451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is important for tissue proliferation. Previously, we found that tissue regeneration after partial pancreatic resection was markedly attenuated in aged mice as compared to young mice and that this attenuation was because of an age-dependent reduction of PI3K/Akt signaling in the pancreatic acini; however, the mechanisms for the age-associated decline of pancreatic PI3K/Akt signaling remained unknown. To better delineate the mechanisms for the decreased PI3K/Akt activation with aging, age-associated changes in cell proliferation and PI3K/Akt signaling were investigated in the present study using in vitro primary pancreatic acinar cell cultures derived from young and aged mice. In response to treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), acinar cells from young but not aged mice showed increased activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and cell proliferation, indicating that intrinsic cellular mechanisms cause the age-associated changes in pancreatic acinar cells. We also found that the expression of PI3K p85α subunit, but not IGF-1 receptor or other PI3K subunits, was significantly reduced in pancreatic acinar cells from aged mice; this age-associated reduction of p85α was confirmed in both mouse and human pancreatic tissues. Finally, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of p85α expression in acinar cells from young mice resulted in markedly attenuated activation of PI3K/Akt downstream signaling in response to IGF-1. From these results, we conclude that exocrine pancreatic expression of PI3K p85α subunit is attenuated by aging, which is likely responsible for the age-associated decrease in activation of pancreatic PI3K signaling and acinar cell proliferation in response to growth-promoting stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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22
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Abstract
Many epithelial and endothelial cells express a cholinergic autocrine loop in which acetylcholine acts as a growth factor to stimulate cell growth. Cancers derived from these tissues similarly express a cholinergic autocrine loop and ACh secreted by the cancer or neighboring cells interacts with M3 muscarinic receptors expressed on the cancer cells to stimulate tumor growth. Primary proliferative pathways involve MAPK and Akt activation. The ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate, and M3 antagonists to inhibit tumor growth has clearly been demonstrated for lung and colon cancer. The ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate growth has been shown for melanoma, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, prostate and brain cancers, suggesting that M3 antagonists will also inhibit growth of these tumors as well. As yet no clinical trials have proven the efficacy of M3 antagonists as cancer therapeutics, though the widespread clinical use and low toxicity of M3 antagonists support the potential role of these drugs as adjuvants to current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot R Spindel
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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Gonzalez A, Santofimia-Castaño P, Rivera-Barreno R, Salido GM. Cinnamtannin B-1, a natural antioxidant that reduces the effects of H(2)O(2) on CCK-8-evoked responses in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 68:181-91. [PMID: 22120978 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed in order to gain an insight on the mechanisms by which antioxidants prevent pancreatic disorders. We have examined the properties of cinnamtannin B-1, which belongs to the class of polyphenols, against the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. We have studied Ca(2+) mobilization, oxidative state, amylase secretion, and cell viability of cells treated with cinnamtannin B-1 in the presence of various concentrations of H(2)O(2). We found that H(2)O(2) (0.1-100 μM) increased CM-H(2)DCFDA-derived fluorescence, reflecting an increase in oxidation. Cinnamtannin B-1 (10 μM) reduced H(2)O(2)-induced oxidation of CM-H(2)DCFDA. CCK-8 induced oxidation of CM-H(2)DCFDA in a similar way to low micromolar concentrations of H(2)O(2), and cinnamtannin B-1 reduced the oxidant effect of CCK-8. In addition, H(2)O(2) induced a slow and progressive increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)). Cinnamtannin B-1 reduced the effect of H(2)O(2) on [Ca(2+)](c), but only at the lower concentrations of the oxidant. H(2)O(2) inhibited amylase secretion in response to cholecystokinin, and cinnamtannin B-1 reduced the inhibitory action of H(2)O(2) on enzyme secretion. Finally, H(2)O(2) reduced cell viability, and the antioxidant protected acinar cells against H(2)O(2). In conclusion, the beneficial effects of cinnamtannin B-1 appear to be mediated by reducing the intracellular Ca(2+) overload and intracellular accumulation of digestive enzymes evoked by ROS, which is a common pathological precursor that mediates pancreatitis. Our results support the beneficial effect of natural antioxidants in the therapy against oxidative stress-derived deleterious effects on cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
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Mashima H, Sato T, Horie Y, Nakagawa Y, Kojima I, Ohteki T, Ohnishi H. Interferon regulatory factor-2 regulates exocytosis mechanisms mediated by SNAREs in pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1102-1113.e1-8. [PMID: 21699790 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic acinar cells are used to study regulated exocytosis. We investigated the role of interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) in exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells. METHODS Pancreas tissues from Irf2⁺/⁺, Irf2⁺/⁻), and Irf2⁻/⁻ mice were examined by microscopy, immunohistochemical, and immunoblot analyses; amylase secretion was quantified. We also compared salivary glands and pancreatic islets of Irf2⁻/⁻ mice with those of Irf2⁺/⁻ mice. To examine the effects of increased signaling by type I interferons, we studied pancreatic acini from Irf2⁻/⁻Ifnar1⁻/⁻ mice. The effect of IRF2 on amylase secretion was studied using an acinar cell line and a retroviral system. We studied expression of IRF2 in wild-type mice with cerulein-induced pancreatitis and changes in pancreatic tissue of Irf2⁻/⁻ mice, compared with those of Irf2⁺/⁻ mice. RESULTS Irf2⁻/⁻ pancreas was white and opaque; numerous and wide-spread zymogen granules were observed throughout the cytoplasm, along with lack of fusion between zymogen granules and the apical membrane, lack of secretagogue-stimulated amylase secretion, and low serum levels of amylase and elastase-1, indicating altered regulation of exocytosis. The expression pattern of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors changed significantly, specifically in pancreatic acini, and was not rescued by disruption of type I interferon signaling. Down-regulation of IRF2 decreased amylase secretion in an acinar cell line. In mice with pancreatitis, levels of IRF2 were reduced. Irf2⁻/⁻ acini were partially resistant to induction of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS IRF2 regulates exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells; defects in this process might be involved in the early phases of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosato Mashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
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Borta H, Aroso M, Rinn C, Gomez-Lazaro M, Vitorino R, Zeuschner D, Grabenbauer M, Amado F, Schrader M. Analysis of low abundance membrane-associated proteins from rat pancreatic zymogen granules. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4927-39. [PMID: 20707389 DOI: 10.1021/pr100052q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zymogen granules (ZG) are specialized storage organelles in the exocrine pancreas that allow the sorting, packaging, and regulated apical secretion of digestive enzymes. As there is a critical need for further understanding of the key processes in regulated secretion to develop new therapeutic options in medicine, we applied a suborganellar proteomics approach to identify peripheral membrane-associated ZG proteins. We focused on the analysis of a "basic" group (pH range 6.2-11) with about 46 spots among which 44 were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. These spots corresponded to 16 unique proteins, including rat mast cell chymase (RMCP-1) and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PpiB; cyclophilin B), an ER-resident protein. To confirm that these proteins were specific to zymogen granules and not contaminants of the preparation, we conducted a series of validation experiments. Immunoblotting of ZG subfractions revealed that chymase and PpiB behaved like bona fide peripheral membrane proteins. Their expression in rat pancreas was regulated by feeding behavior. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence studies confirmed their ZG localization. Furthermore, a chymase-YFP fusion protein was properly targeted to ZG in pancreatic AR42J cells. Interestingly, for both proteins, proteoglycan-binding properties have been reported. The importance of our findings for sorting and packaging during ZG formation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Borta
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Robert Koch Strasse 6, Marburg, Germany
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del Castillo-Vaquero A, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Melatonin induces calcium release from CCK-8- and thapsigargin-sensitive cytosolic stores in pancreatic AR42J cells. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:256-63. [PMID: 20626590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is produced following circadian rhythm with high levels being released at night and has been implicated in the regulation of physiological processes in major tissues, including the pancreas. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of melatonin on intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ](c)) in AR42J pancreatic cells. Our results show that stimulation of cells with 1 nm cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 led to a transient increase in [Ca(2+) ](c) followed by a decrease towards a value close to the prestimulation level. Melatonin (at the concentrations 1, 10, 100 μm and 1 mm) induced changes in [Ca(2+) ](c) that consisted of single or short lasting spikes in the form of oscillations or slow transient increases followed by a slow reduction towards a value close to the resting level. Depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores by stimulation of cells with 1 nm CCK-8 or 1 μm thapsigargin (Tps) blocked Ca(2+) responses evoked by melatonin in the majority of cells. Conversely, prior stimulation of cells with 1 mm melatonin in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) inhibited Ca(2+) mobilization in response to a secondary application of CCK-8 or Tps. In summary, our results show that melatonin releases Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and can therefore modulate the responses of the pancreas to CCK-8. The source for Ca(2+) mobilization most probably is the endoplasmic reticulum. These data raise the possibility that melatonin also involves Ca(2+) signalling, in addition to other intracellular messengers, to modulate cellular function.
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Fetaud-Lapierre V, Pastor CM, Farina A, Hochstrasser DF, Frossard JL, Lescuyer P. Proteomic analysis of heat shock-induced protection in acute pancreatitis. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5929-42. [PMID: 20815342 DOI: 10.1021/pr100695d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which can result in serious morbidity or death. Acute pancreatitis severity can be reduced in experimental models by preconditioning animals with a short hyperthermia prior to disease induction. Heat shock proteins 27 and 70 are key effectors of this protective effect. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis using a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and isobaric tagging to investigate changes in pancreatic proteins expression that were associated with thermal stress, both in healthy rats and in a model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis. In agreement with previous studies, we observed modulation of heat shock and inflammatory proteins expression in response to heat stress or pancreatitis induction. We also identified numerous other proteins, whose pancreatic level changed following pancreatitis induction, when acute pancreatitis severity was reduced by prior thermal stress, or in healthy rats in response to hyperthermia. Interestingly, we showed that the expression of various proteins associated with the secretory pathway was modified in the different experimental models, suggesting that modulation of this process is involved in the protective effect against pancreatic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fetaud-Lapierre
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rivera-Barreno R, Castillo-Vaquero AD, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Effect of cinnamtannin B-1 on cholecystokinin-8-evoked responses in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:980-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Voronina S, Barrow S, Simpson A, Gerasimenko O, da Silva Xavier G, Rutter G, Petersen O, Tepikin AV. Dynamic changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP levels in pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1976-87. [PMID: 20102715 PMCID: PMC6101211 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies of pancreatic acinar cells characterized the effects of Ca(2+)-releasing secretagogues and substances, inducing acute pancreatitis on mitochondrial Ca(2+), transmembrane potential, and NAD(P)H, but dynamic measurements of the crucial intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels have not been reported. Here we characterized the effects of these agents on ATP levels in the cytosol and mitochondria. METHODS ATP levels were monitored using cytosolic- or mitochondrial-targeted luciferases. RESULTS Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation produced a substantial decrease in cytosolic ATP comparable to that induced by inhibition of glycolysis. Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK) increased cytosolic ATP in spite of accelerating ATP consumption. Acetylcholine, caerulein, and bombesin had similar effect. A bile acid, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S); a fatty acid, palmitoleic acid (POA); and palmitoleic acid ethyl ester (POAEE) reduced cytosolic ATP. The ATP decrease in response to these substances was observed in cells with intact or inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. TLC-S, POA, and POAEE reduced mitochondrial ATP, whereas physiological CCK increased mitochondrial ATP. Supramaximal CCK produced a biphasic response composed of a small initial decline followed by a stronger increase. CONCLUSIONS Both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation make substantial contributions to ATP production in acinar cells. Ca(2+)-releasing secretagogues increased ATP level in the cytosol and mitochondria of intact isolated cells. TLC-S, POA, and POAEE reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP. When cells rely on nonoxidative ATP production, secretagogues as well as TLC-S, POA, and POAEE all diminish cytosolic ATP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Voronina
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Stephanie Barrow
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alec Simpson
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Oleg Gerasimenko
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College, London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Guy Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College, London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ole Petersen
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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Roussa E, Wittschen P, Wolff NA, Torchalski B, Gruber AD, Thévenod F. Cellular distribution and subcellular localization of mCLCA1/2 in murine gastrointestinal epithelia. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:653-68. [PMID: 20385786 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
mCLCA1/2 are members of the CLCA protein family that are widely expressed in secretory epithelia, but their putative physiological role still awaits elucidation. mCLCA1/2 have 95% amino acid identity, but currently no specific antibody is available. We have generated a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb849) against aa 424-443 of mCLCA1/2. In HEK293 cells transfected with mCLCA1; pAb849 detected two specific protein bands at approximately 125 kDa and 90 kDa, representing full-length precursor and N-terminal cleavage product, respectively. pAb849 also immunoprecipitated mCLCA1 and labeled the protein by immunostaining. But pAb849 crossreacted with mCLCA3/4/6 despite < or =80% amino acid identity of the antigenic epitope. We therefore investigated the cellular localization of mCLCA1/2 in epithelial tissues, which do not express mCLCA3/4/6 (salivary glands, pancreas, kidney) or express mCLCA3/6 with known localization (mucus cells of stomach and small intestine; villi of small intestine). mCLCA1/2 mRNA and protein expression were found in both parotid and submandibular gland, and immunohistochemistry revealed labeling in parotid acinar cells, in the luminal membrane of parotid duct cells, and in the duct cells of submandibular gland. In exocrine pancreas, mCLCA1/2 expression was restricted to acinar zymogen granule membranes, as assessed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and preembedding immunoperoxidase and immunogold electron microscopy. Moreover, mCLCA1/2 immunolabeling was present in luminal membranes of gastric parietal cells and small intestinal crypt enterocytes, whereas in the kidney, mCLCA1/2 protein was localized to proximal and distal tubules. The apical membrane localization and overall distribution pattern of mCLCA1/2 favor a transmembrane protein implicated in transepithelial ion transport and protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Matos JM, Schmidt CM, Turrini O, Agaram NP, Niedergethmann M, Saeger HD, Merchant N, Johnson CS, Lillemoe KD, Grützmann R. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional study. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13:1495-502. [PMID: 19495891 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-009-0938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presentation and outcome of patients with acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas compared to the more common ductal cell adenocarcinoma (DCA) may be distinct. This study combines the experience with ACC from multiple academic institutions to better understand its natural history and outcomes. METHODS This study is a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients with ACC. RESULTS Between 1988 and 2008, 17 patients were identified with pathologically confirmed ACC. Median age at presentation was 59 years. Common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (60%), back pain (50%), and weight loss (45%). Fifteen patients underwent 16 operations: pancreaticoduodenectomy (nine), distal pancreatectomy (four), and exploratory laparotomy (three). Mean tumor size was 5.3 cm. American Joint Commission on Cancer tumor stages were stage I (two), stage II (eight), stage III (four), and stage IV (three). Overall, 1- and 5-year survival rates were 88% and 50%, respectively. In resected cases (13), 1- and 5-year survival rates were 92% and 53%, respectively. Median survival in resected cases was 61 months. This is in contrast to 1,608 patients with ductal cell adenocarcinoma who underwent resection identified from recent literature reports where the average median survival was only 24 months. There was no discernable difference in the outcomes of patients with ACC between United States and Germany patients. CONCLUSION Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is rare and appears to have a presentation and outcome distinct from the more common pancreatic DCA. Based upon these data, the outcome of patients with ACC is superior to that of DCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Matos
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Gerloff A, Singer MV, Feick P. Beer-induced pancreatic enzyme secretion: characterization of some signaling pathways and of the responsible nonalcoholic compounds. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1638-45. [PMID: 19519715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various alcoholic beverages have different effects on pancreatic enzyme secretion in vivo and in vitro. Recently we demonstrated that beer dose-dependently induces amylase release of rat pancreatic acinar cells, whereas pure ethanol and other alcoholic beverages have no effect. The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate the involved signaling pathways in the beer-induced enzyme secretion of rat pancreatic acinar cells and (2) characterize the responsible nonalcoholic compounds from beer. METHODS Rat pancreatic AR4-2J cells were differentiated by dexamethasone treatment for 72 hours. After incubation of cells with 1 to 10% (v/v) beer (containing 4.7% v/v ethanol) in the absence or presence of the maximal effective concentration of cholecystokinin (CCK) (100 nM) for 60 minutes, protein secretion was measured using amylase activity assay. To study the involved signaling pathways, cells were pretreated with selective inhibitors or the fluorescent dye Fura2/AM for 15 and 30 minutes, respectively. To characterize the responsible compounds, beer was distilled, lyophilized, dialyzed, or treated with proteases prior stimulation of the cells. Extract of barley was prepared by boiling the crop and subsequent filtration. RESULTS Stimulation with 5% and 10% beer (v/v) significantly (p < 0.001) increased maximally CCK-induced amylase by 55 +/- 25% and 56 +/- 37%, respectively. By using selective antagonists, we found that inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-receptor binding reduced beer-induced amylase release, whereas inhibition of protein kinase C, adenylate cyclase, and protein kinase A had no significant effect. Using the fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator Fura-2/AM revealed that beer induces an increase of cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration. Stimulation of AR4-2J cells with preproducts of beer and fermented glucose indicated that the stimulatory substances from beer derived from barley and are not produced during alcoholic fermentation. Furthermore, the stimulants from beer are thermostable, nonvolatile substances with a molecular weight higher than 15 kDa. CONCLUSIONS Beer-induced enzyme secretion of AR4-2J cells is, at least in part, mediated by the activation of PLC and subsequent Ca(2+) release from internal stores. However, the additive effect of beer on CCK-induced amylase release suggests that additional signaling pathways are involved. The yet unknown stimulants of pancreatic enzyme secretion originate from barley and their stimulatory potential is maintained during the process of malting and brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gerloff
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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The neuropeptides CCK and NPY and the changing view of cell-to-cell communication in the taste bud. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:581-91. [PMID: 19332083 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolving view of the taste bud increasingly suggests that it operates as a complex signal processing unit. A number of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and their corresponding receptors are now known to be expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells in the mammalian bud. These expression patterns set up hard-wired cell-to-cell communication pathways whose exact physiological roles still remain obscure. As occurs in other cellular systems, it is likely that neuropeptides are co-expressed with neurotransmitters and function as neuromodulators. Several neuropeptides have been identified in taste receptor cells including cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Of these, CCK and NPY are the best studied. These two peptides are co-expressed in the same presynaptic cells; however, their postsynaptic actions are both divergent and antagonistic. CCK and its receptor, the CCK-1 subtype, are expressed in the same subset of taste receptor cells and the autocrine activation of these cells produces a number of excitatory physiological actions. Further, most of these cells are responsive to bitter stimuli. On the other hand, NPY and its receptor, the NPY-1 subtype, are expressed in different cells. NPY, acting in a paracrine fashion on NPY-1 receptors, results in inhibitory actions on the cell. Preliminary evidence suggests the NPY-1 receptor expressing cell co-expresses T1R3, a member of the T1R family of G-protein coupled receptors thought to be important in detection of sweet and umami stimuli. Thus the neuropeptide expressing cells co-express CCK, NPY, and CCK-1 receptor. Neuropeptides released from these cells during bitter stimulation may work in concert to both modulate the excitation of bitter-sensitive taste receptor cells while concurrently inhibiting sweet-sensitive cells. This modulatory process is similar to the phenomenon of lateral inhibition that occurs in other sensory systems.
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Chen LA, Li J, Silva SR, Jackson LN, Zhou Y, Watanabe H, Ives KL, Hellmich MR, Evers BM. PKD3 is the predominant protein kinase D isoform in mouse exocrine pancreas and promotes hormone-induced amylase secretion. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:2459-71. [PMID: 19028687 PMCID: PMC2629096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801697200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases, which can be activated by gastrointestinal hormones, consists of three distinct isoforms that modulate a variety of cellular processes including intracellular protein transport as well as constitutive and regulated secretion. Although isoform-specific functions have been identified in a variety of cell lines, the expression and function of PKD isoforms in normal, differentiated secretory tissues is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PKD isoforms are differentially expressed in the exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas. Specifically, PKD3 is the predominant isoform expressed in exocrine cells of the mouse and human pancreas, whereas PKD1 and PKD2 are more abundantly expressed in the pancreatic islets. Within isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells, PKD3 undergoes rapid membrane translocation, trans-activating phosphorylation, and kinase activation after gastrointestinal hormone or cholinergic stimulation. PKD phosphorylation in pancreatic acinar cells occurs viaaCa2+-independent, diacylglycerol- and protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. PKD phosphorylation can also be induced by physiologic concentrations of secretagogues and by in vivo stimulation of the pancreas. Furthermore, activation of PKD3 potentiates MEK/ERK/RSK (RSK, ribosomal S6 kinase) signaling and significantly enhances cholecystokinin-mediated pancreatic amylase secretion. These findings reveal a novel distinction between the exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas and further identify PKD3 as a signaling molecule that promotes hormone-stimulated amylase secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andy Chen
- Department of Surgery and Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0536, USA
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Murine embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic acinar cells recapitulate features of early pancreatic differentiation. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:1301-1310, 1310.e1-5. [PMID: 18725222 PMCID: PMC2586982 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acinar cells constitute 90% of the pancreas epithelium, are polarized, and secrete digestive enzymes. These cells play a crucial role in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, there are limited models to study normal acinar cell differentiation in vitro. The aim of this work was to generate and characterize purified populations of pancreatic acinar cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells. METHODS Reporter ES cells (Ela-pur) were generated that stably expressed both beta-galactosidase and puromycin resistance genes under the control of the elastase I promoter. Directed differentiation was achieved by incubation with conditioned media of cultured fetal pancreatic rudiments and adenoviral-mediated co-expression of p48/Ptf1a and Mist1, 2 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors crucial for normal pancreatic acinar development and differentiation. RESULTS Selected cells expressed multiple markers of acinar cells, including digestive enzymes and proteins of the secretory pathway, indicating activation of a coordinated differentiation program. The genes coding for digestive enzymes were not regulated as a single module, thus recapitulating what occurs during in vivo pancreatic development. The generated cells displayed transient agonist-induced Ca(2+) mobilization and showed a typical response to physiologic concentrations of secretagogues, including enzyme synthesis and secretion. Importantly, these effects did not imply the acquisition of a mixed acinar-ductal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These studies allow the generation of almost pure acinar-like cells from ES cells, providing a normal cell-based model for the study of the acinar differentiation program in vitro.
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Kanwar YS, Sun L. Shuttling of calcium between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the renal vasculature. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1301-2. [PMID: 18768586 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90506.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and the regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2008; 24:573-9. [PMID: 19122497 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0b013e32830b110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies on pancreatic acinar cell function have led to a more detailed understanding of the signal transduction mechanisms regulating digestive enzyme synthesis and secretion as well as pancreatic growth. This review identifies and puts into context these recent studies, which further understanding in these areas. RECENT FINDINGS Receptors present on acinar cells, particularly those for cholecystokinin and secretin, have been better characterized as to the molecular nature of the ligand-receptor interaction. Other reports have described the receptors for natriuretic peptides and fibroblast growth factor on acini. Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling remains at the center of stimulus secretion coupling and its regulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate and cyclic ADP-ribose has been further defined. Work downstream of intracellular mediators has focused on molecular mechanisms of exocytosis particularly involving small G proteins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and cytoskeletal proteins. Considerable progress has been made defining the complex in acinar cells and its regulation. In addition to secretion, recent studies have further defined the regulation of pancreatic growth both in adaptive regulation to diet and hormones, particularly cholecystokinin, and in the regeneration that occurs after pancreatitis or partial pancreatectomy. This regulation involves calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells, mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Notch signaling pathways as well as various tyrosine kinases. SUMMARY Understanding the mechanisms that regulate pancreatic acinar cell function is contributing to our knowledge of normal pancreatic function and alterations in diseases such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Ramnath RD, Sun J, Adhikari S, Bhatia M. Effect of mitogen-activated protein kinases on chemokine synthesis induced by substance P in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 11:1326-41. [PMID: 18205703 PMCID: PMC4401295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P, acting via its neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1 R), plays an important role in mediating a variety of inflammatory processes. Its interaction with chemokines is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. In pancreatic acinar cells, substance P stimulates the release of NFκB-driven chemokines. However, the signal transduction pathways by which substance P-NK1 R interaction induces chemokine production are still unclear. To that end, we went on to examine the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in substance P-induced synthesis of pro-inflammatory chemokines, monocyte chemoanractant protein-1 (MCP-I), macrophage inflammatory protein-lα (MIP-lα) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), in pancreatic acini. In this study, we observed a time-dependent activation of ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), NFκB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) when pancreatic acini were stimulated with substance P. Moreover, substance P-induced ERK 1/2, JNK, NFκB and AP-1 activation as well as chemokine synthesis were blocked by pre-treatment with either extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) inhibitor or JNK inhibitor. In addition, substance P-induced activation of ERK 112, JNK, NFκB and AP-1-driven chemokine production were attenuated by CP96345, a selective NK1 R antagonist, in pancreatic acinar cells. Taken together, these results suggest that substance P-NK1 R induced chemokine production depends on the activation of MAPKs-mediated NFκB and AP-1 signalling pathways in mouse pancreatic acini.
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Faust F, Gomez-Lazaro M, Borta H, Agricola B, Schrader M. Rab8 is Involved in Zymogen Granule Formation in Pancreatic Acinar AR42J Cells. Traffic 2008; 9:964-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McNew
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS-140, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
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Tomiyama M, Arai A, Kimura T, Suzuki C, Watanabe M, Kawarabayashi T, Shoji M. Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis induced by anticholinesterase medications in myasthenia gravis. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:e40-1. [PMID: 18325026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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De Lisle RC, Xu W, Roe BA, Ziemer D. Effects of Muclin (Dmbt1) deficiency on the gastrointestinal system. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G717-27. [PMID: 18202109 PMCID: PMC3760339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00525.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Dmbt1 gene encodes alternatively spliced glycoproteins that are either membrane-associated or secreted epithelial products. Functions proposed for Dmbt1 include it being a tumor suppressor, having roles in innate immune defense and inflammation, and being a Golgi-sorting receptor in the exocrine pancreas. The heavily sulfated membrane glycoprotein mucin-like glycoprotein (Muclin) is a Dmbt1 product that is strongly expressed in organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. To explore Muclin's functions in the GI system, the Dmbt1 gene was targeted to produce Muclin-deficient mice. Muclin-deficient mice have normal body weight gain and are fertile. The Muclin-deficient mice did not develop GI tumors, even when crossed with mice lacking the known tumor suppressor p53. When colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium, there was no significant difference in disease severity in Muclin-deficient mice. Also, when acute pancreatitis was induced with supraphysiological caerulein, there was no difference in disease severity in the Muclin-deficient mice. Exocrine pancreatic function was impaired, as measured by attenuated neurohormonal-stimulated amylase release from Muclin-deficient acinar cells. Also, by [(35)S]Met/Cys pulse-chase analysis, traffic of newly synthesized protein to the stimulus-releasable pool was significantly retarded in Muclin-deficient cells compared with wild type. Thus Muclin deficiency impairs trafficking of regulated proteins to a stimulus-releasable pool in the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C De Lisle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Weihong Xu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
| | - Bruce A. Roe
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
| | - Donna Ziemer
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
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Ramnath RD, Sun J, Adhikari S, Zhi L, Bhatia M. Role of PKC-delta on substance P-induced chemokine synthesis in pancreatic acinar cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 294:C683-92. [PMID: 18160487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) with its high-affinity neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. SP is known to stimulate the production of chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, and MIP-2 in pancreatic acinar cells via the activation of NF-kappaB. However, the signaling mechanisms by which the SP-NK1R interaction induces NF-kappaB activation and chemokine production remain unclear. To that end, in the present study, we investigated the participation of PKC in SP-induced chemokine production in pancreatic acinar cells. In this study, we showed that SP stimulated an early phosphorylation of PKC isoform PKC-delta followed by increased activation of MAPKKK MEKK1 and MAPK ERK and JNK as well as transcription factor NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 driven chemokine production. Depletion of PKC-delta with its inhibitor rottlerin or the specific PKC-delta translocation inhibitor peptide dose dependently decreased SP-induced PKC-delta, MEKK1, ERK, JNK, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 activation. Moreover, rottlerin as well as PKC-delta translocation inhibitor inhibited SP-induced chemokine production in a concentration-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that PKC-delta activation was attenuated by CP96345, a selective NK1R antagonist, thus showing that PKC-delta activation was indeed mediated by SP in pancreatic acinar cells. These results show that PKC-delta is an important proinflammatory signal transducer for SP-NK1R-induced chemokine production in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Devi Ramnath
- Dept. of Pharmacology, National Univ. of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Centre for life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
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Sabbatini ME, Rodríguez M, di Carlo MB, Davio CA, Vatta MS, Bianciotti LG. C-type natriuretic peptide enhances amylase release through NPR-C receptors in the exocrine pancreas. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G987-94. [PMID: 17702953 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00268.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several studies show that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has a modulatory role in the digestive system. CNP administration reduces both jejunal fluid and bile secretion in the rat. In the present study we evaluated the effect of CNP on amylase release in isolated pancreatic acini as well as the receptors and intracellular pathways involved. Results showed that all natriuretic peptide receptors were expressed not only in the whole pancreas but also in isolated pancreatic acini. CNP stimulated amylase secretion with a concentration-dependent biphasic response; maximum release was observed at 1 pM CNP, whereas higher concentrations gradually attenuated it. The response was mimicked by a selective natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-C) agonist and inhibited by pertussis toxin, strongly supporting NPR-C receptor activation. CNP-evoked amylase release was abolished by U-73122 (PLC inhibitor) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) [an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptor antagonist], partially inhibited by GF-109203X (PKC inhibitor), and unaltered by ryanodine or protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitors. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was enhanced by CNP at all concentrations and abolished by U-73122. At 1 and 10 pM, CNP did not affect cAMP or guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels, but at higher concentrations it increased cGMP and diminished cAMP content. Present findings show that CNP stimulated amylase release through the activation of NPR-C receptors coupled to the PLC pathway and downstream effectors involved in exocytosis. The attenuation of amylase release was likely related to cAMP reduction. The augmentation in cGMP supports activation of NPR-A/NPR-B receptors probably involved in calcium influx. Present findings give evidence that CNP is a potential direct regulator of pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Sabbatini
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Compartmentalized cAMP signalling in regulated exocytic processes in non-neuronal cells. Cell Signal 2007; 20:590-601. [PMID: 18061403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a central second messenger controlling a plethora of vital functions. Studies of cAMP dynamics in living cells have revealed markedly inhomogeneous concentrations of the second messenger in different compartments. Moreover, cAMP effectors such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cAMP-activated GTP-exchange factors (Epacs) are tethered to specific cellular sites. Both the tailoring of cAMP concentrations, and the activities of cAMP-dependent signalling systems at specific cellular locations are prerequisites for most, if not all, cAMP-dependent processes. This review focuses on the role of compartmentalized cAMP signalling in exocytic processes in non-neuronal cells. Particularly, the insertion of aquaporin-2 into the plasma membrane of renal principal cells as an example for a cAMP-dependent exocytic process in a non-secretory cell type, renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells as a cAMP-triggered exocytosis from an endocrine cell, insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells as a Ca2+-mediated and cAMP-potentiated exocytic processes in an endocrine cell, and cAMP- or Ca2+ -triggered H+ secretion from gastric parietal cells as an exocytic process in an exocrine cell are discussed. The selected examples of cAMP-regulated exocytic pathways are reviewed with regard to key proteins involved: adenylyl cyclases, phosphodiesterases, PKA, A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Epacs.
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Lam PPL, Hyvärinen K, Kauppi M, Cosen-Binker L, Laitinen S, Keränen S, Gaisano HY, Olkkonen VM. A cytosolic splice variant of Cab45 interacts with Munc18b and impacts on amylase secretion by pancreatic acini. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2473-80. [PMID: 17442889 PMCID: PMC1924827 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen the EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein Cab45 as an interaction partner of Munc18b. Although the full-length Cab45 resides in Golgi lumen, we characterize a cytosolic splice variant, Cab45b, expressed in pancreatic acini. Cab45b is shown to bind (45)Ca(2+), and, of its three EF-hand motifs, EF-hand 2 is demonstrated to be crucial for the ion binding. Cab45b is shown to interact with Munc18b in an in vitro assay, and this interaction is enhanced in the presence of Ca(2+). In this assay, Cab45b also binds the Munc18a isoform in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The endogenous Cab45b in rat acini coimmunoprecipitates with Munc18b, syntaxin 2, and syntaxin 3, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors with key roles in the Ca(2+)-triggered zymogen secretion. Furthermore, we show that Munc18b bound to syntaxin 3 recruits Cab45b onto the plasma membrane. Importantly, antibodies against Cab45b are shown to inhibit in a specific and dose-dependent manner the Ca(2+)-induced amylase release from streptolysin-O-permeabilized acini. The present study identifies Cab45b as a novel protein factor involved in the exocytosis of zymogens by pancreatic acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P L Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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