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Zhang Y, Su L, Chen Y, Yu S, Zhang D, Mao H, Fang L. Etiology and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses among children in Zhejiang Province, China 2017-2019. Virol J 2021; 18:89. [PMID: 33931105 PMCID: PMC8085659 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerging has put global public health institutes on high alert. Little is known about the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human coronaviruses infections in relation to infections with other respiratory viruses. METHODS From February 2017 to December 2019, 3660 respiratory samples submitted to Zhejiang Children Hospital with acute respiratory symptoms were tested for four human coronaviruses RNA by a novel two-tube multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Samples were also screened for the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. RESULTS Coronavirus RNAs were detected in 144 (3.93%) specimens: HCoV-HKU1 in 38 specimens, HCoV-NL63 in 62 specimens, HCoV-OC43 in 38 specimens and HCoV-229E in 8 specimens. Genomes for SARS-CoV-2 were absent in all specimens by RT-PCR analysis during the study period. The majority of HCoV infections occurred during fall months. No significant differences in gender, sample type, year were seen across species. 37.5 to 52.6% of coronaviruses detected were in specimens testing positive for other respiratory viruses. Phylogenic analysis identified that Zhejiang coronaviruses belong to multiple lineages of the coronaviruses circulating in other countries and areas. CONCLUSION Common HCoVs may have annual peaks of circulation in fall months in the Zhejiang province, China. Genetic relatedness to the coronaviruses in other regions suggests further surveillance on human coronaviruses in clinical samples are clearly needed to understand their patterns of activity and role in the emergence of novel coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lingxuan Su
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Sicong Yu
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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2
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Xiao NG, Duan ZJ, Xie ZP, Zhong LL, Zeng SZ, Huang H, Gao HC, Zhang B. Human parainfluenza virus types 1-4 in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infections in China. J Med Virol 2016; 88:2085-2091. [PMID: 27197630 PMCID: PMC7166804 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs). HPIV-4, a newly identified virus, has been associated with severe ALRTIs recently. A total of 771 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from hospitalized children between March 2010 and February 2011. HPIVs were detected by Nest-PCR, and other known respiratory viruses were detected by RT-PCR and PCR. All amplification products were sequenced. HPIVs were detected in 151 (19.58%) patients, of whom 28 (3.63%) were positive for HPIV-4, 12(1.55%) for HPIV-1, 4 (0.51%) for HPIV-2, and 107 (13.87%) for HPIV-3. Only three were found to be co-infected with different types of HPIVs. All HPIV-positive children were under 5 years of age, with the majority being less than 1 year. Only the detection rate of HPIV-3 had a significant statistical difference (χ2 = 29.648, P = 0.000) between ages. HPIV-3 and HPIV-4 were detected during the summer. Sixty (39.74%) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, and human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most common co-infecting virus. The most frequent clinical diagnosis was bronchopneumonia, and all patients had cough; some patients who were infected with HPIV-3 and HPIV-4 had polypnea and cyanosis. No significant difference was found in clinical manifestations between those who were infected with HPIV-4 and HPIV-3. Two genotypes for HPIV-4 were prevalent, although HPIV-4a dominated. HPIV-4 is an important virus for children hospitalized with ALRTIs in China. HRV was the most common co-infecting virus. Two genotypes for HPIV-4 are prevalent, HPIV-4a dominated. J. Med. Virol. 88:2085-2091, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Guang Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial, China
| | - Sai-Zhen Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial, China
| | - Han Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial, China
| | - Han-Chun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial, China.
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Wang Y, Zhu N, Li Y, Lu R, Wang H, Liu G, Zou X, Xie Z, Tan W. Metagenomic analysis of viral genetic diversity in respiratory samples from children with severe acute respiratory infection in China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:458.e1-9. [PMID: 26802214 PMCID: PMC7172101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in children is thought to be mainly caused by infection with various viruses, some of which have been well characterized; however, analyses of respiratory tract viromes among children with SARI versus those without are limited. In this study, nasopharyngeal swabs from children with and without SARI (135 versus 15) were collected in China between 2008 and 2010 and subjected to multiplex metagenomic analyses using a next-generation sequencing platform. The results show that members of the Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Parvoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Anelloviridae and Adenoviridae families represented the most abundant species identified (>50% genome coverage) in the respiratory tracts of children with SARI. The viral population found in the respiratory tracts of children without SARI was less diverse and mainly dominated by the Anelloviridae family with only a small proportion of common epidemic respiratory viruses. Several almost complete viral genomes were assembled, and the genetic diversity was determined among several samples based on next-generation sequencing. This research provides comprehensive mapping of the viromes of children with SARI and indicates high heterogeneity of known viruses present in the childhood respiratory tract, which may benefit the detection and prevention of respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - N Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - R Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - G Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - X Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Z Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Paediatrics Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
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4
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Co-circulation of four human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland children with acute respiratory tract illnesses in 2004. Viruses 2012; 4:637-53. [PMID: 22590689 PMCID: PMC3347326 DOI: 10.3390/v4040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) with unconfirmed infectious aetiologies peak at different times of the year. Molecular diagnostic assays reduce the number of unconfirmed ARIs compared to serology- or culture-based techniques. Screening of 888 inpatient and outpatient respiratory specimens spanning late autumn through to early spring, 2004, identified the presence of a human coronavirus (HCoV) on 74 occasions (8.3% of all specimens and 26.3% of all respiratory virus detections). Prevalence peaked in August (late winter in the southern hemisphere) when they were detected in 21.9% of specimens tested. HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 comprised 82.4% of all HCoVs detected. Positive specimens were used to develop novel reverse transcriptase real-time PCRs (RT-rtPCRs) for HCoV detection. An objective clinical severity score was assigned to each positive HCoV patient. Severity scores were similar to those from a random selection of young children who were positive for respiratory syncytial virus at a different time but from the same specimen population. During the cooler months of 2004, sensitive and specific RT-rtPCRs identified the concurrent circulation of all four HCoVs, a quarter of which co-occurred with another virus and most of which were from children under the age of two years.
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6
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Abstract
Respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among young children. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have only recently been shown to cause both lower and upper respiratory tract infections. To date, five coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV HKU-1) that infect humans have been identified, four of which (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU-1) circulate continuously in the human population. Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) was first isolated from the aspirate from a 7-month-old baby in early 2004. Infection with HCoV-NL63 has since been shown to be a common worldwide occurrence and has been associated with many clinical symptoms and diagnoses, including severe lower respiratory tract infection, croup and bronchiolitis. HCoV-NL63 causes disease in children, the elderly and the immunocompromised, and has been detected in 1.0-9.3% of respiratory tract infections in children. In this article, the current knowledge of human coronavirus HCoV-NL63, with special reference to the clinical features, prevalence and seasonal incidence, and coinfection with other respiratory viruses, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burtram C Fielding
- Molecular Virology Research Laboratory, Medical Microbiology Cluster, Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa.
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7
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Hadi N, Kashef S, Moazzen M, Shamoon Pour M, Rezaei N. Survey of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Iranian children with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Braz J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(11)70152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Dominguez SR, Robinson CC, Holmes KV. Detection of four human coronaviruses in respiratory infections in children: a one-year study in Colorado. J Med Virol 2009; 81:1597-604. [PMID: 19626607 PMCID: PMC2879166 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of death in children worldwide. Studies on the epidemiology and clinical associations of the four human non‐SARS human coronaviruses (HCoVs) using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of HCoV infections worldwide. Pediatric respiratory specimens (1,683) submitted to a diagnostic virology laboratory over a 1‐year period (December 2004–November 2005) that were negative for seven respiratory viruses by conventional methods were tested for RNA of four HCoVs using sensitive RT‐PCR assays. Coronavirus RNAs were detected in 84 (5.0%) specimens: HCoV‐NL63 in 37 specimens, HCoV‐OC43 in 34, HCoV‐229E in 11, and HCoV‐HKU1 in 2. The majority of HCoV infections occurred during winter months, and over 62% were in previously healthy children. Twenty‐six (41%) coronavirus positive patients had evidence of a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), 17 (26%) presented with vomiting and/or diarrhea, and 5 (8%) presented with meningoencephalitis or seizures. Respiratory specimens from one immunocompromised patient were persistently positive for HCoV‐229E RNA for 3 months. HCoV‐NL63‐positive patients were nearly twice as likely to be hospitalized (P = 0.02) and to have a LRTI (P = 0.04) than HCoV‐OC43‐positive patients. HCoVs are associated with a small, but significant number (at least 2.4% of total samples submitted), of both upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses in children in Colorado. Our data raise the possibility that HCoV may play a role in gastrointestinal and CNS disease. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential roles of HCoVs in these diseases. J. Med. Virol. 81:1597–1604, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Elkholy A, Elkaraksy H, Fattouh A, Bazaraa H, Hegazy R, Abdelhalim M. Acute lower respiratory tract infection due to Chlamydia and Mycoplasma spp. in Egyptian children under 5 years of age. J Trop Pediatr 2009; 55:195-7. [PMID: 19213743 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmn102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elkholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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10
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Prietsch SOM, Fischer GB, César JA, Lempek BS, Barbosa LV, Zogbi L, Cardoso OC, Santos AM. Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2009; 24:1429-38. [PMID: 18545768 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2008000600023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio O M Prietsch
- Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Dr. Nascimento 396, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Dominguez SR, Briese T, Palacios G, Hui J, Villari J, Kapoor V, Tokarz R, Glodé MP, Anderson MS, Robinson CC, Holmes KV, Lipkin WI. Multiplex MassTag-PCR for respiratory pathogens in pediatric nasopharyngeal washes negative by conventional diagnostic testing shows a high prevalence of viruses belonging to a newly recognized rhinovirus clade. J Clin Virol 2008; 43:219-22. [PMID: 18674964 PMCID: PMC2603178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases in humans worldwide and are a leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age. OBJECTIVES Identify candidate pathogens in pediatric patients with unexplained respiratory disease. STUDY DESIGN Forty-four nasopharyngeal washes collected during the 2004-2005 winter season from pediatric patients with respiratory illnesses that tested negative for 7 common respiratory pathogens by culture and direct immunofluorescence assays were analyzed by MassTag-PCR. To distinguish human enteroviruses (HEV) and rhinoviruses (HRV), samples positive for picornaviruses were further characterized by sequence analysis. RESULTS Candidate pathogens were detected by MassTag PCR in 27 of the 44 (61%) specimens that previously were rated negative. Sixteen of these 27 specimens (59%) contained picornaviruses; of these 9 (57%) contained RNA of a recently discovered clade of rhinoviruses. Bocaviruses were detected in three patients by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that multiplex MassTag-PCR enhances the detection of pathogens in clinical specimens, and shows that previously unrecognized rhinoviruses, that potentially form a species HRV-C, may cause a significant amount of pediatric respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction model that identifies respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants and young children. METHODS Children < or = 36 months of age with respiratory illness, who were suspected of having RSV infection, were enrolled in this prospective cohort study during the study period between January and February 2002. RSV testing was performed on all patients. RESULTS Of the 197 patients enrolled in the study, 126 (64%) were positive for RSV and 71 (36%) patients were either negative for RSV or had a positive culture for viruses other than RSV. The mean age of patients was 5 months and 57% were male. Backwards stepwise logistic regression analysis identified cough (p = 0.000), wheezing (p = 0.002), and retractions (p = 0.008) as independent variables predictive of RSV infection. The prediction model had a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI, 71-87%), specificity of 68% (95% CI, 54-79%), positive predictive value 82% (95% CI, 74-89%), negative predictive value 66% (95% CI, 52-77), positive likelihood ratio 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-3.7) and post-test probability of 82%. CONCLUSION The combination of cough, wheezing and retractions predicts RSV infection in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Durani
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.
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Arden KE, McErlean P, Nissen MD, Sloots TP, Mackay IM. Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections. J Med Virol 2006; 78:1232-40. [PMID: 16847968 PMCID: PMC7167201 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the major cause of pediatric acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and yet many suspected cases of infection remain uncharacterized. We employed 17 PCR assays and retrospectively screened 315 specimens selected by season from a predominantly pediatric hospital-based population. Before the Brisbane respiratory virus research study commenced, one or more predominantly viral pathogens had been detected in 15.2% (n = 48) of all specimens. The Brisbane study made an additional 206 viral detections, resulting in the identification of a microbe in 67.0% of specimens. After our study, the majority of microbes detected were RNA viruses (89.9%). Overall, human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were the most frequently identified target (n = 140) followed by human adenoviruses (HAdVs; n = 25), human metapneumovirus (HMPV; n = 18), human bocavirus (HBoV; n = 15), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV; n = 12), human coronaviruses (HCoVs; n = 11), and human herpesvirus-6 (n = 11). HRVs were the sole microbe detected in 37.8% (n = 31) of patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Genotyping of the HRV VP4/VP2 region resulted in a proposed subdivision of HRV type A into sublineages A1 and A2. Most of the genotyped HAdV strains were found to be type C. This study describes the high microbial burden imposed by HRVs, HMPV, HRSV, HCoVs, and the newly identified virus, HBoV on a predominantly paediatric hospital population with suspected acute respiratory tract infections and proposes a new formulation of viral targets for future diagnostic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Arden
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter McErlean
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Microbiology, Queensland Health Pathology Service, Royal Brisbane Hospitals Campus, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Children's Hospitals, Queensland, Australia
| | - Theo P. Sloots
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Microbiology, Queensland Health Pathology Service, Royal Brisbane Hospitals Campus, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Children's Hospitals, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian M. Mackay
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Xie YY, Zhao XD, Jiang LP, Liu HL, Wang LJ, Fang P, Shen KL, Xie ZD, Wu YP, Yang XQ. Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus in cultured cells by nucleocapsid gene targeted deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme). Antiviral Res 2006; 71:31-41. [PMID: 16687180 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which presents the primary cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunodeficient patients, remains a health problem worldwide. Unfortunately, an effective vaccine is currently unavailable and pharmacologic treatment needs further optimization for RSV disease. Because RSV is a non-segmented negative-strand RNA virus, it may be sensitive to the genome RNA cleaving by DNAzyme, an artificial nucleic acids molecule with high catalytic capability of cleaving complementary RNA molecules. Thus, RSV-targeted DNAzymes potentially present as a therapeutic candidate of RSV diseases. In this study, DNAzymes targeting the RSV genomic RNA or mRNA were designed and synthesized, one of which (DZn1133) did cleave RSV RNA in vitro, inhibit the transcription and expression of F viral gene, reduce the RSV yield by about 7 logs and protect more than 90% RSV-infected Hep-2 cells from a cytopathic effect at 8 microM. Moreover, 10 wild RSV strains isolated from clinic patients including both subgroups A and B were all suppressed by DZn1133 with greater anti-RSV activity than antisense DNA or ribavirin.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects
- DNA, Catalytic/chemical synthesis
- DNA, Catalytic/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Formazans/chemistry
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/physiology
- Tetrazolium Salts/chemistry
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Virus Replication/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xie
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, China
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Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, but the aetiology of many ARTIs is still unknown. In 2001, researchers in The Netherlands reported the discovery of a previously unidentified pathogen called human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Since its initial description, hMPV has been associated with ARTI in Europe (Italy, France, Spain, the UK, Germany, Denmark, Finland and Norway), America (the USA, Canada, Argentina and Brazil), Asia (India, Japan, China and Singapore), Australia and South Africa in individuals of all ages. The incidence of infection varies from 1.5% to 25%, indicating that hMPV is a ubiquitous virus with a worldwide distribution. hMPV seems to play an important role as a cause of paediatric upper and lower respiratory tract infection, with similar, but not identical, epidemiological and clinical features to those of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus. Moreover, the socio‐economic impact of hMPV‐infected children on their families seems to be considerable, which suggests that, like influenza virus, hMPV infection may be a substantial public health problem for the community. It may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in pre‐term infants and children with underlying clinical conditions, although more adequately controlled studies are needed to confirm its importance in such patients. Many fundamental questions concerning the pathogenesis of hMPV disease and the host's specific immune response remain to be answered. Further studies are also required to properly define hMPV diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Principi
- Institute of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Sloots TP, McErlean P, Speicher DJ, Arden KE, Nissen MD, Mackay IM. Evidence of human coronavirus HKU1 and human bocavirus in Australian children. J Clin Virol 2005; 35:99-102. [PMID: 16257260 PMCID: PMC7108338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Undiagnosed cases of respiratory tract disease suspected of an infectious aetiology peak during the winter months. Since studies applying molecular diagnostic assays usually report reductions in the number of undiagnosed cases of infectious disease compared to traditional techniques, we applied PCR assays to investigate the role of two recently described viruses, namely human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 and human bocavirus (HBoV), in a hospital-based paediatric population. Both viruses were found among Australia children with upper or lower respiratory tract disease during the autumn and winter of 2004, contributing to 21.1% of all microbial diagnoses, with individual incidences of 3.1% (HCoV-HKU1) and 5.6% (HBoV) among 324 specimens. HBoV was found to coincide with another virus in more than half of all instances and displayed a single genetic lineage, whilst HCoV-HKU1 was more likely to occur in the absence of another microbe and strains could be divided into two genetic lineages which we propose be termed HCoV-HKU1 type A and type B. Children under the age of 2 years were most at risk of infection by these viruses which contribute significantly to the microbial burden among patients with respiratory tract disease during the colder months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo P. Sloots
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, CVRU, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Microbiology, Queensland Health Pathology Service, Royal Brisbane Hospitals Campus, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Children's Hospitals, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter McErlean
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, CVRU, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J. Speicher
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, CVRU, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine E. Arden
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, CVRU, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, CVRU, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Microbiology, Queensland Health Pathology Service, Royal Brisbane Hospitals Campus, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Children's Hospitals, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian M. Mackay
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, CVRU, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Clinical and Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 3636 8716; fax: +61 3636 1401.
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