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Purba C, Sinaga I, Rawung S, Manik MJ, Sibuea R. Nurses' perceived knowledge, self-confidence, and attitudes in using telemedicine: A case study from West Indonesia. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2023; 33:S12-S16. [PMID: 36852165 PMCID: PMC9948304 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telemedicine in the healthcare sector. It provides remote health services from professionals, including diagnoses, treatments, disease preventions, and evaluations, through information and communication technology. For healthcare providers, telemedicine can assist with the improvement of individual and community health qualities. Therefore, nurses need to enhance their knowledge and confidence and maintain a positive attitude toward telemedicine. Research has shown that 70% of telemedicine implementation failures are attributable to medical personnel's inability to utilise technology. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, self-confidence, and attitudes in using telemedicine according to nurses' perceptions in a private hospital in Indonesia. Method The study is descriptive-quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population was nurses working in an outpatient department of a private hospital in western Indonesia. A total of 52 samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was the Indonesian version of the telemedicine objective structured clinical exam (TeleOSCE) questionnaire, consisting of 22 questions to measure self-reported knowledge, confidence, and attitudes. The data were collected in February 2022 and analysed using univariate descriptive statistics. Results The result indicated that 40 (76%) nurses perceived that they had a moderate level of knowledge of telemedicine operations, 32 (61.5%) perceived they had an average level of self-confidence, and 29 (55.8%) claimed a neutral attitude toward telemedicine. Conclusion The moderate perceived knowledge, self-confidence, and attitudes indicate the need for improvement through education, training, and work experience. Training programs on telemedicine are expected to enhance nurses' knowledge and confidence in using telemedicine, creating a positive attitude toward the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Purba
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Indah Sinaga
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Sartika Rawung
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | - Renova Sibuea
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
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Wang Z, Xu R, Liu Y, Li Y. Licensing policy and platform models of telemedicine: A multi-case study from China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1108621. [PMID: 36817879 PMCID: PMC9932510 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a form of platform economy, telemedicine is not growing as fast as other digital platforms. The existing literature seldom pays attention to how licensing policy affects the development of telemedicine platform models. Methods This paper uses the method of multi-case study and the theory of policy implementation as mutual adaptation to research the influence mechanism of telemedicine platform licensing policy on the platform model in China. Results The findings of the current study are as follows: (1) three models can be classified in accordance with different platform providers in China: medical institution platform, Internet company platform and local government platform; (2) bargaining power, reputation mechanism and resource specificity are important dimensions in the analysis of platform models; (3) as an implementer in the process of licensing policy, the platform provider can not only directly determine the establishment and formation of platform model but also indirectly affect the sustainable development of platform model by affecting the supplier and the demander of platform; and (4) The impact between licensing policy and platform model is dynamic and bidirectional, mainly exerted via administrative orders, market-oriented mechanism and medical insurance. Conclusions The research enlightens practical exploration in telemedicine and enriches the theoretical innovation in platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- School of Economics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Digital Economy and Data Governance, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Economics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Rui Xu ✉
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Li
- China Center for Information Industry Development, Beijing, China
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Datta R, Vishwanath R, Shenoy S. Are remote psychotherapy/remediation efforts accessible and feasible in patients with schizophrenia? A narrative review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022; 58:136. [PMID: 36415756 PMCID: PMC9673189 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive remediation (CR) therapy provides an effective way to improve cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. With the advent of telehealth services, especially during COVID 19 pandemic, a suitable alternative can be found in computer and cell phone-based mental health interventions. Previous studies have proven that remote mental health interventions have by and large been successful. Remote psychotherapy/CR services can now be accessed through smartphone apps, iPads, laptops and wearable devices. This has the advantage of reaching a wider population in resource-limited settings. The lack of access to technology, difficulty in using these online interventions and lack of privacy provide impediments to the delivery of care through these online platforms. Further, as some previous studies have shown, there may be a high rate of dropout in people using remote mental health resources. We aim to look at the factors, which influence the accessibility of remote mental health interventions in schizophrenia. Additionally, we test the feasibility of these interventions and look at how they compare and the potential they hold for implementation in future clinical settings. Results We found remote cognitive remediation to be both accessible and feasible. Concerning features, however, are the high attrition rates and the concentration of the studies in Western populations. Conclusions Remote interventions are a viable alternative to in-person psychotherapy when in-person resources may not always be present. They are efficacious in improving health outcomes among patients with schizophrenia. Further research into the widespread implementation of remote CR will be beneficial in informing clinical decision-making.
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Búřilová P, Pokorná A, Búřil J, Kantorová L, Slezaková S, Svobodová Z, Táborský M. Identification of telehealth nursing approaches in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic-A literature review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:3996-4004. [PMID: 36208135 PMCID: PMC9874863 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify recommendations for quality nursing care provision, focusing on the possibilities of delivering telehealth nursing at the national level in the Czech Republic. BACKGROUND The significant growth in the use of technology in health care has changed the environment for patient care and how health care is provided. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the requirement for telemedicine use in everyday clinical practice. EVALUATION A literature review aims to find guidelines, recommendations, manuals, standards or consensus papers published in 2017-2022. KEY ISSUES In total, 12 guidelines were identified. Based on a critical evaluation carried out by two experts, the World Health Organization guideline focused on digital interventions to strengthen the health system has been identified. This guideline was evaluated to be of the highest quality and in line with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology. CONCLUSION The provision of telemedicine nursing interventions is currently limited at the national level and is not entirely accepted in reimbursement yet. The interprofessional collaboration will be initiated to make recommendations for specific patient groups. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Selected guidelines can be recommended for national adoption to set up and support nursing interventions in telemedicine, including nursing management settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Búřilová
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Czech National Centre for Evidence‐Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Czech National Centre for Evidence‐Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jiří Búřil
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lucia Kantorová
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic,Czech National Centre for Evidence‐Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Simona Slezaková
- Czech National Centre for Evidence‐Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Svobodová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence‐Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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Dhaliwal JK, Hall TD, LaRue JL, Maynard SE, Pierre PE, Bransby KA. Expansion of telehealth in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic: benefits and barriers. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2021; 34:224-229. [PMID: 34107501 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remarkably accelerated the adoption of telemedicine in outpatient settings. Out of necessity, virtual care became a preferred and default modality of extending primary care services to health care consumers. Although telemedicine is not a new concept and had been used in many organizations and health systems, the COVID-19 pandemic scaled up its use in a variety of health care settings. Telehealth's use in primary care was particularly important because of the need to maintain continuity of care for successful coordination of chronic disease management. This article examines the benefits of telehealth, including continuity of care, convenience of access to care, screening and triaging, and social distancing and disease prevention. The utilization of telehealth and financial implications are discussed, including reimbursement and cost-effectiveness. Barriers and challenges are addressed, including methods for successful implementation of nurse practitioner (NP) in primary care practices as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The leadership role of the NP in telehealth is discussed and implementation guidance is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara D Hall
- Fay-West Community Practice, WVU Medicine, Scottdale, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie L LaRue
- UPMC Carlisle, Alexander Spring FamilyCare, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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Abdel-Rahman O. Patient-related barriers to some virtual healthcare services among cancer patients in the USA: a population-based study. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:119-126. [PMID: 33448874 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the patient-related barriers to access of some virtual healthcare tools among cancer patients in the USA in a population-based cohort. Materials & methods: National Health Interview Survey datasets (2011-2018) were reviewed and adult participants (≥18 years old) with a history of cancer diagnosis and complete information about virtual healthcare utilization (defined by [a] filling a prescription on the internet in the past 12 months and/or [b] communicating with a healthcare provider through email in the past 12 months) were included. Information about video-conferenced phone calls and telephone calls are not available in the National Health Interview Survey datasets; and thus, they were not examined in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the utilization of virtual care tools. Results: A total of 25,121 participants were included in the current analysis; including 4499 participants (17.9%) who utilized virtual care in the past 12 months and 20,622 participants (82.1%) who did not utilize virtual care in the past 12 months. The following factors were associated with less utilization of virtual healthcare tools in multivariable logistic regression: older age (continuous odds ratio [OR] with increasing age: 0.987; 95% CI: 0.984-0.990), African-American race (OR for African American vs white race: 0.608; 95% CI: 0.517-0.715), unmarried status (OR for unmarried compared with married status: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.642-0.739), lower level of education (OR for education ≤high school vs >high school: 0.284; 95% CI: 0.259-0.311), weaker English proficiency (OR for no proficiency vs very good proficiency: 0.224; 95% CI: 0.091-0.552) and lower yearly earnings (OR for earnings <$45,000 vs earnings >$45,000: 0.582; 95% CI: 0.523-0.647). Conclusion: Older patients, those with African-American race, lower education, lower earnings and weak English proficiency are less likely to access the above studied virtual healthcare tools. Further efforts are needed to tackle disparities in telemedicine access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Wamsley CE, Kramer A, Kenkel JM, Amirlak B. Trends and Challenges of Telehealth in an Academic Institution: The Unforeseen Benefits of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:109-118. [PMID: 32697289 PMCID: PMC7543904 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a reorganization of healthcare delivery, shedding light on the many unrealized advantages telehealth has to offer. In addition to facilitating social distancing, minimizing the risk of pathogen exposure, and preserving healthcare resources, there are many benefits of utilizing this platform that can extend beyond the current pandemic, which will change the way healthcare is delivered for generations to come. With the rapid expansion of telehealth, we present data from our high-volume academic institution’s telehealth efforts, with a more focused analysis of plastic surgery. Although state legislation regarding telehealth varies greatly, we discuss challenges such as legal issues, logistical constraints, privacy concerns, and billing. We also discuss various advantages and the future direction of telehealth not only for plastic surgery but also its general utilization for the future of medicine in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Kramer
- Health Systems Emerging Strategies, Department of Health System Strategy, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jeffrey M Kenkel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bardia Amirlak
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Cui F, Ma Q, He X, Zhai Y, Zhao J, Chen B, Sun D, Shi J, Cao M, Wang Z. Implementation and Application of Telemedicine in China: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18426. [PMID: 33095175 PMCID: PMC7647817 DOI: 10.2196/18426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telemedicine has been used widely in China and has benefited a large number of patients, but little is known about the overall development of telemedicine. Objective The aim of this study was to perform a national survey to identify the overall implementation and application of telemedicine in Chinese tertiary hospitals and provide a scientific basis for the successful expansion of telemedicine in the future. Methods The method of probability proportionate to size sampling was adopted to collect data from 161 tertiary hospitals in 29 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Charts and statistical tests were applied to compare the development of telemedicine, including management, network, data storage, software and hardware equipment, and application of telemedicine. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between these factors and telemedicine service effect. Results Approximately 93.8% (151/161) of the tertiary hospitals carried out telemedicine services in business-to-business mode. The most widely used type of telemedicine network was the virtual private network with a usage rate of 55.3% (89/161). Only a few tertiary hospitals did not establish data security and cybersecurity measures. Of the 161 hospitals that took part in the survey, 100 (62.1%) conducted remote videoconferencing supported by hardware instead of software. The top 5 telemedicine services implemented in the hospitals were teleconsultation, remote education, telediagnosis of medical images, tele-electrocardiography, and telepathology, with coverage rates of 86.3% (139/161), 57.1% (92/161), 49.7% (80/161), 37.9% (61/161), and 33.5% (54/161), respectively. The average annual service volume of teleconsultation reached 714 cases per hospital. Teleconsultation and telediagnosis were the core charging services. Multivariate analysis indicated that the adoption of direct-to-consumer mode (P=.003), support from scientific research funds (P=.01), charging for services (P<.001), number of medical professionals (P=.04), network type (P=.02), sharing data with other hospitals (P=.04), and expertise level (P=.03) were related to the effect of teleconsultation. Direct-to-consumer mode (P=.01), research funding (P=.01), charging for services (P=.01), establishment of professional management departments (P=.04), and 15 or more instances of remote education every month (P=.01) were found to significantly influence the effect of remote education. Conclusions A variety of telemedicine services have been implemented in tertiary hospitals in China with a promising prospect, but the sustainability and further standardization of telemedicine in China are still far from accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianying He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Management Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baozhan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongxu Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinming Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingbo Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Abstract
Sleep telemedicine practitioners must ensure their practice complies with all applicable institutional, state, and federal regulations. Providers must be licensed in any state in which they provide care, have undergone credentialing and privileging procedures at outside facilities, and avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest while providing that care. Internet-based prescribing remains limited to certain circumstances. Whether or not a malpractice insurance policy covers telemedicine depends on the insurer, especially if interstate care is provided. All telemedicine programs must protect patient health information. Similarly, bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice apply to both in-person and telemedicine-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Fields
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Schweickert P, Rheuban KS, Cattell-Gordon D, Rose RL, Wiles LL, Reed KE, Reid KB, Fowler CN, Haney T, Rutledge C. The APN-PLACE Telehealth Education Network: Legal and Regulatory Considerations. JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s2155-8256(18)30054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Watzlaf VJM, Zhou L, Dealmeida DR, Hartman LM. A Systematic Review of Research Studies Examining Telehealth Privacy and Security Practices used by Healthcare Providers. Int J Telerehabil 2017; 9:39-59. [PMID: 29238448 PMCID: PMC5716616 DOI: 10.5195/ijt.2017.6231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to systematically review papers in the United States that examine current practices in privacy and security when telehealth technologies are used by healthcare providers. A literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). PubMed, CINAHL and INSPEC from 2003 - 2016 were searched and returned 25,404 papers (after duplications were removed). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed to examine title, abstract, and full text for 21 published papers which reported on privacy and security practices used by healthcare providers using telehealth. Data on confidentiality, integrity, privacy, informed consent, access control, availability, retention, encryption, and authentication were all searched and retrieved from the papers examined. Papers were selected by two independent reviewers, first per inclusion/exclusion criteria and, where there was disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. The percentage of agreement and Cohen's kappa was 99.04% and 0.7331 respectively. The papers reviewed ranged from 2004 to 2016 and included several types of telehealth specialties. Sixty-seven percent were policy type studies, and 14 percent were survey/interview studies. There were no randomized controlled trials. Based upon the results, we conclude that it is necessary to have more studies with specific information about the use of privacy and security practices when using telehealth technologies as well as studies that examine patient and provider preferences on how data is kept private and secure during and after telehealth sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J M Watzlaf
- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATION SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA, USA
| | - Leming Zhou
- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATION SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA, USA
| | - Dilhari R Dealmeida
- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATION SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA, USA
| | - Linda M Hartman
- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATION SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA, USA
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