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Shariat A, Ghayour Najafabadi M, Soroush Fard Z, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Shaw BS. A systematic review with meta-analysis on balance, fatigue, and motor function following aquatic therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104107. [PMID: 35988329 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term aquatic exercise training on balance, fatigue, and motor function. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Medline, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing, and Allied Health Literature were searched on April 19, 2021. The search included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, case series, and case reports. Two independent reviewers reviewed titles and abstracts to determine which studies satisfied the eligibility criteria. Two reviewers independently surveyed the full texts and conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Data synthesis was applied to summarize information from included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5. RESULTS From 170 studies that were identified in the initial search, 16 trials (794 participants) satisfied the eligibility criteria. Aquatic therapy had a positive effect on fatigue compared to control group based on Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) in physical (SMD, -1.29; 95% CI, [(-1.65) - (-0.93)]; I2=88%) cognitive (SMD, -0.75; 95% CI, [(-1.08)-(- 0.43)]; I2=78%), and psychological (SMD, -1.25; 95% CI, [(-1.59) - (-0.90)]; I2=79%) domains, and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) (SMD, -0.53; 95% CI, [(-0.86) - (-0.20)]; I2=57%). In addition, aquatic therapy improved balance based on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) compared to the control group (SMD, 1.19; 95% CI, [(0.62)-(1.76)]; I2=11%) CONCLUSIONS: Aquatic therapy has positive effects on fatigue and balance. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical utility of aquatic therapy for multiple sclerosis patients in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Shariat
- Department of Digital Health, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghayour Najafabadi
- Department of motor behavior, Faculty of physical education and sport science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Soroush Fard
- Department of Sports Injury, Faculty of physical education and sport science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brandon S Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
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Kazeminia M, Salari N, Shohaimi S, Akbari H, Khaleghi AA, Bazrafshan MR, Mohammadi M. Assessing the effects of exercise on post-partum fatigue symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2022; 15:100155. [PMID: 35647520 PMCID: PMC9136263 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The level of activity in women who have given birth is very low despite the great benefits of exercise on their physical and mental health. There are some contradictories between the results of several preliminary studies on the effects of exercise on post-partum fatigue reduction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise on decreasing postpartum fatigue in general and, specifically, in Iran using meta-analysis. Methods In this study, the articles printed in international and national centres of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS), were used to find the studies electronically published up to 2021. The studies' heterogeneity was examined using the I2 index, and subsequently, a random-effects model was applied. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2). Results Finally, nine articles met the inclusion criteria in this systematic and meta-analysis review. The included samples were 456 patients in the intervention group and 446 in the control group. The mean score of fatigue after the intervention was 8.1 ± 1.1 lower than before intervention in the experimental group, and this difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that exercise reduces postpartum fatigue, which can be used for counseling and treatment by gynecologists. Reduce postpartum problems in women and increase the quality of life after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kazeminia
- Student research committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hakimeh Akbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Khaleghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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Razazian N, Kazeminia M, Moayedi H, Daneshkhah A, Shohaimi S, Mohammadi M, Jalali R, Salari N. The impact of physical exercise on the fatigue symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:93. [PMID: 32169035 PMCID: PMC7068865 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite many benefits of the physical activity on physical and mental health of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the activity level in these patients is still very limited, and they continue to suffer from impairment in functioning ability. The main aim of this study is thus to closely examine exercise's effect on fatigue of patients with MS worldwide, with particular interest on Iran based on a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The studies used in this systematic review were selected from the articles published from 1996 to 2019, in national and international databases including SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (ISI). These databases were thoroughly searched, and the relevant ones were selected based on some plausible keywords to the aim of this study. Heterogeneity index between studies was determined using Cochran's test and I2. Due to heterogeneity in studies, the random effects model was used to estimate standardized mean difference. RESULTS From the systematic review, a meta-analysis was performed on 31 articles which were fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The sample including of 714 subjects was selected from the intervention group, and almost the same sample size of 720 individuals were selected in the control group. Based on the results derived from this meta-analysis, the standardized mean difference between the intervention group before and after the intervention was respectively estimated to be 23.8 ± 6.2 and 16.9 ± 3.2, which indicates that the physical exercise reduces fatigue in patients with MS. CONCLUSION The results of this study extracted from a detailed meta-analysis reveal and confirm that physical exercise significantly reduces fatigue in patients with MS. As a results, a regular exercise program is strongly recommended to be part of a rehabilitation program for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Razazian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kazeminia
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Moayedi
- Institute of Research and Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Da Nang, 550000 Viet Nam
| | - Alireza Daneshkhah
- School of Computing, Electronics and Maths, Coventry University, London, UK
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Feasibility and Safety of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96:2055-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zwolińska J, Kwolek A, Gąsior M. The effectiveness of physical factors used in the treatment of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Literature review. ADVANCES IN REHABILITATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/rehab-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease of the nervous system which etiology is still unknown. Environmental factors, genetic predisposition and complex autoimmune reactions play a significant role in its pathogenesis. MS is not a fatal disease, but patients often require constant medical care and complex social welfare. Physiotherapy conducted at every stage of the disease depends on the current state of a patient and their functional capability and gradually occurring disorders and dysfunctions. Physical therapy is an important element of the therapy.Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of physical treatments used in the treatment of the MS patients.Material and methods: An analysis of domestic and foreign literature published between 2004 and 2014. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Science Direct, Termedia, Polish Medical Bibliography, Cochrane. The papers concerning the use of physical treatment as monotherapy and combination therapy were included.Summary and conclusions: Numerous research confirm both safety and efficacy of physical methods used in treatment of the MS patients. The implementation of research on the mechanism of action and effectiveness of physical factors, which are well-designed in terms of methodology, allows for the selection of the optimal physical procedure. Modern equipment and current methods of physiotherapy change views on the previously used treatments, their methodology and application.
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Sehle A, Vieten M, Mündermann A, Dettmers C. Difference in Motor Fatigue between Patients with Stroke and Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2014; 5:279. [PMID: 25566183 PMCID: PMC4273629 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is often reported in stroke patients. However, it is still unclear if fatigue in stroke patients is more prominent, more frequent or more "typical" than in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and if the pathophysiology differs between these two populations. The purpose of this study was to compare motor fatigue and fatigue-induced changes in kinematic gait parameters between stroke patients, MS patients, and healthy persons. Gait parameters at the beginning and end of a treadmill walking test were assessed in 10 stroke patients, 40 MS patients, and 20 healthy subjects. The recently developed Fatigue index Kliniken Schmieder (FKS) based on change of the movement's attractor and its variability was used to measure motor fatigue. Six stroke patients had a pathological FKS. The FKS (indicating the level of motor fatigue) in stroke patients was similar compared to MS patients. Stroke patients had smaller step length, step height and greater step width, circumduction with the right and left leg, and greater sway compared to the other groups at the beginning and at the end of test. A severe walking impairment in stroke patients does not necessarily cause a pathological FKS indicating motor fatigue. Moreover, the FKS can be used as a measure of motor fatigue in stroke and MS and may also be applicable to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Sehle
- Division of Sport Science, University of Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany ; Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach , Allensbach , Germany
| | - Manfred Vieten
- Division of Sport Science, University of Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Division of Sport Science, University of Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany ; Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christian Dettmers
- Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach , Allensbach , Germany ; Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany
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Khan F, Amatya B, Galea M. Management of fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2014; 5:177. [PMID: 25309504 PMCID: PMC4163985 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Despite advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, fatigue continues to be the disabling symptom in persons with MS (pwMS), affecting almost 80% of pwMS. In current practice, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are used in combination, encompassing a multi-disciplinary approach. The body of research investigating the effect of these interventions is growing. This review systematically evaluated the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of different interventions currently applied for the management of fatigue in person with multiple sclerosis in improving patient outcomes, to guide treating clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fary Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bhasker Amatya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Galea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Brown C, Kitchen K, Nicoll K. Barriers and facilitators related to participation in aquafitness programs for people with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Int J MS Care 2014; 14:132-41. [PMID: 24453744 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073-14.3.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and leisure activities provide physical and psychosocial benefits to people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and can enhance their quality of life. In Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, people with MS have reported barriers to their participation in local MS-specific aquafitness (AF) programs. Therefore, a formal exploration of the accessibility of local AF programs for people with MS was undertaken. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to identify factors that facilitate or impede participation in AF programs by individuals with MS living in Winnipeg. Qualitative data were collected from a total of eight participants through one focus group (n = 7) and one in-depth interview (n = 1). The sample consisted of individuals with MS who were currently participating in AF programming as well as those who were not. Data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was completed. Seven themes emerged regarding factors affecting participation in local AF programs. Barriers to participation included inadequate transportation, lack of one-on-one support, environmental inaccessibility, and fears associated with participation in the programs. Facilitators of participation included a knowledgeable instructor and experiencing physical and psychosocial benefits from the program. Information from this study was used locally to advocate for people with MS in order to increase participation in local AF programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Ms. Kitchen now works for Correctional Services Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Ms. Nicoll is now with the Assiniboine Regional Health Authority in Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Kitchen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Ms. Kitchen now works for Correctional Services Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Ms. Nicoll is now with the Assiniboine Regional Health Authority in Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaley Nicoll
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Ms. Kitchen now works for Correctional Services Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Ms. Nicoll is now with the Assiniboine Regional Health Authority in Manitoba, Canada
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Garrett M, Coote S. Multiple sclerosis and exercise in people with minimal gait impairment – a review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/174328809x435295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 93:1701-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Watson P, Mendonca C, Lehnhard R, Tu S, Butterfield S, Bouchard T, McKeever K. The metabolic response to treadmill graded exercise: traditional vs. underwater. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/cep12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic effect(s) of four graded exercise tests (GXT) performed on the underwater treadmill (UWT), and compare them to the results from performing the standard Bruce protocol on a traditional land treadmill (LT). Twelve male Division I college athletes performed the stand Bruce protocol on a LT and 4 different GXT protocols on the UWT. Each test was performed to volitional max. oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and blood lactate (BL), which were measured at regular intervals throughout each of the GXTs. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine any main effect among the variables within the protocols and within the stages. Established effects were identified further using Tukey's post-hoc analysis. VO2and HR were positively correlated in all the GXTs, (r=0.992−0.999). When comparing the UWT GXTs to the Bruce, significant (P≤0.001) differences were found within certain stages for each of the dependent variables. While the Bruce resulted in attainment of VO2max, (mean = 55.72±5.92 ml/kg/min), only one of the UWT GXTs resulted in the same level of metabolic stress. At maximum speed and water velocity, the UWT produced a mean VO2of 53.9±3.68 ml/kg/min. HR and RER both increased by stage in all the GXTs as did BL. The onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) was identified in all of the GXTs with the exception of one of the UWTs. Mean BL at OBLA ranged from, 3.12+1.31 to 5.98+4.24 mmol/dl. Our results suggest that an UWT GXT protocol can be developed that would produce metabolic results similar to the Bruce through stage 5. Buoyancy and variation in biomechanics need to be studied further for their effects on energy metabolism while performing work on the UWT. However, this study provides a better understanding of the metabolic demands at different treadmill speeds and water jet settings with the UWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Watson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Maine, 112 Lengyel Hall, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - C. Mendonca
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Maine, 112 Lengyel Hall, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - R.A. Lehnhard
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Maine, 112 Lengyel Hall, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - S. Tu
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Maine, 112 Lengyel Hall, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - S.A. Butterfield
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Maine, 112 Lengyel Hall, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - T. Bouchard
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Maine, 112 Lengyel Hall, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - K.H. McKeever
- Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USA
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Salem Y, Scott AH, Karpatkin H, Concert G, Haller L, Kaminsky E, Weisbrot R, Spatz E. Community-based group aquatic programme for individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 33:720-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.507855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dettmers C, Sulzmann M, Ruchay-Plössl A, Gütler R, Vieten M. Endurance exercise improves walking distance in MS patients with fatigue. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 120:251-7. [PMID: 19178385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Effects of endurance training in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients complaining of motor fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty MS patients complaining of fatigue with low to moderate disabilities randomly allocated to the intervention (thrice weekly 45-min intervals of endurance exercise) or control treatment (three 45-min episodes of stretching, balance training and coordination), both as 'add-on' therapy for 3 weeks during inpatient rehabilitation. RESULTS Maximal walking distance before intervention averaged 1043 +/- 568 and 1163 +/- 750 m in the two groups. The intervention group increased its maximal walking distance by 650 +/- 474 m. The control group extended its walking distance by 96 +/- 70 m. CONCLUSIONS The present data confirm a strong effect of endurance exercise on maximal walking distance. Remarkably, there were no parallel improvements on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dettmers
- Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Diller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712;
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21250
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Derrick M, Drobyshevsky A, Ji X, Chen L, Yang Y, Ji H, Silverman RB, Tan S. Hypoxia-ischemia causes persistent movement deficits in a perinatal rabbit model of cerebral palsy: assessed by a new swim test. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:549-57. [PMID: 19573586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of movement between different muscle groups has not been quantified before in the newborn period. Cerebral palsy (CP), which often occurs as a result of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I), is categorized depending on clinical presentation, brain region involvement and extent of involvement. In order to test different brain region involvement, this study investigates individual and multi-joint involvement in a rabbit model of CP. Pregnant rabbits at 70% gestation were subjected to 40-min uterine ischemia. Newborn rabbit kits were subjected to a swim test at 5 time points over the first 11 days of life. H-I kits were divided into hypertonic and non-hypertonic groups based on muscle tone at birth. The ranges and velocity of angular movement of the forelimb and hind limb joints (wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee and hip) during supported swimming were determined. Severely impaired (hypertonic) animals have significantly reduced range and angular velocity of joint motion, which do not improve over time. The non-hypertonic group showed deficits in wrist and hind limb movements that were not evident on prolonged observation. Preventive treatment with an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase decreased the incidence of severely impaired kits; the non-hypertonic kits showed a different pattern of swimming. Supported swimming allows quantification of limb and joint motion in the principal plane of movement in the absence of weight bearing and decreases the need for balance control. Identification and quantification of milder deficits allows mechanistic studies in the causation of H-I injury as well as estimation of recovery with therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Derrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University and Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, United States.
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Abstract
The three most commonly used metabolic tests are the Resting Metabolic Rate, Anaerobic Threshold Testing, and V.O2max. For several decades, these metabolic tests have been confined to the setting of university-based physiology laboratories and cardiopulmonary environments, i.e., metabolic carts in the intensive care units. The information gathered is used as a research and clinical tool in evaluating metabolic activity in a variety of physiological states from a body at rest, to exercise (aerobic and anaerobic), in certain medical states like illness, fed/starvation, and medicinal or supplementation affective states. Over the last decade, as technology has improved, so have the metabolic testing carts. They have become widely available for mainstream use by a variety of health care professionals. The purpose of this article is to review these three tests and how they may be useful in a medical practice.
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