1
|
Feng J, Ning J, Zhang L, Li X, Huang L. Microplasma radio frequency technology using stationary tips on pig skin: A histological study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2420-2426. [PMID: 38532267 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the histological properties of microplasma radiofrequency (MPRF) using a stationary tip in different treatment strategies on porcine skin. METHODS Two Bama miniature pigs received MPRF treatment with two types of stationary tips in eight groups of parameters (power, duration, and pass) on dorsal skin. Skin samples were collected from each treatment zone immediately, at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining were performed to assess histologic changes as well as neocollagenesis. The dynamic changes of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) were also detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Skin damage increased with pulse energy, duration, and pass. Longer durations or repeated treatments may cause particularly severe skin damage. During the wound healing process, the newborn collagen of the dermis is rearranged. The distribution of HSP47 and HSP72 was consistent with the extent of collagen remodeling. It peaked 1 month after treatment. CONCLUSION MPRF can effectively cause epidermal ablation, dermal collagen hyperplasia, and remodeling. Increasing power should be the first choice when increasing treatment intensity. For longer durations or repeated treatments, caution should be taken to avoid excessive skin trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Feng
- Laser Aesthetic Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Ning
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Laser Aesthetic Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laser Aesthetic Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lvping Huang
- Laser Aesthetic Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghasemi E, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Khani M, Amirkhani MA, Nouri M, Charipoor P, Eftekhari M, Izadpanah S, Shokri B. The quantitative investigation of spark plasma on skin parameters with skin elasticity, thickness, density, and biometric characteristics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7738. [PMID: 37173354 PMCID: PMC10181997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma has been developed and utilized as a novel technique for skin rejuvenation because of its various effects on cells and living things. This study investigated the accuracy of this claim and any possible side effects of using spark plasma to rejuvenate skin. The present work is the first quantitative investigation using animal models. 12 Wistar rats were divided into two groups for this investigation. To compare the skin's natural process with the treated skin, the first group underwent a single session of plasma therapy, while the second group served as the control group. The back of the necks of the samples was shaved for 20 cm. Before beginning treatment, the MPA9 multifunctional skin tester was used to determine the melanin index, erythema index, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The skin's thickness and density were assessed using sonography, and its elasticity index was calculated using a Cutometer. The samples were exposed to plasma radiation in the designated area (in a triangular pattern). The abovementioned signs were examined immediately after the following therapy and at the weekly appointment 2-4 weeks later. Optical spectroscopy was also used to demonstrate the presence of active species. In this study, we found that a plasma spark therapy session significantly boosts skin elasticity, and the ultrasound results revealed a significantly increased skin thickness and density. The plasma increased the amount of skin surface evaporation, erythema, and melanin immediately following the treatment. However, 4 weeks later, it recovered to its former state and did not differ significantly from before the therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ghasemi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box, Tehran, 19839-6941, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Skin Repair Research Center, Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Khani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box, Tehran, 19839-6941, Iran.
| | | | - Maryam Nouri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Charipoor
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box, Tehran, 19839-6941, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eftekhari
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box, Tehran, 19839-6941, Iran
| | - Samira Izadpanah
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shokri
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box, Tehran, 19839-6941, Iran
- Physics Department of Shahid, Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box, Tehran, 19839-6941, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Applications of Plasma Produced with Electrical Discharges in Gases for Agriculture and Biomedicine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of thermal and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to solve problems related to agriculture and biomedicine is the focus of this paper. Plasma in thermal equilibrium is used where heat is required. In agriculture, it is used to treat soil and land contaminated by the products of biomass, plastics, post-hospital and pharmaceutical waste combustion, and also by ecological phenomena that have recently been observed, such as droughts, floods and storms, leading to environmental pollution. In biomedical applications, thermal plasma is used in so-called indirect living tissue treatment. The sources of thermal plasma are arcs, plasma torches and microwave plasma reactors. In turn, atmospheric pressure cold (non-thermal) plasma is applied in agriculture and biomedicine where heat adversely affects technological processes. The thermodynamic imbalance of cold plasma makes it suitable for organic syntheses due its low power requirements and the possibility of conducting chemical reactions in gas at relatively low and close to ambient temperatures. It is also suitable in the treatment of living tissues and sterilisation of medical instruments made of materials that are non-resistant to high temperatures. Non-thermal and non-equilibrium discharges at atmospheric pressure that include dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs), as well as gliding arc (GAD), can be the source of cold plasma. This paper presents an overview of agriculture and soil protection problems and biomedical and health protection problems that can be solved with the aid of plasma produced with electrical discharges. In particular, agricultural processes related to water, sewage purification with ozone and with advanced oxidation processes, as well as those related to contaminated soil treatment and pest control, are presented. Among the biomedical applications of cold plasma, its antibacterial activity, wound healing, cancer treatment and dental problems are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Holcomb JD, Kalhan R, Pilcher B. Evaluation of skin tissue effects from treatment with a novel hand‐held plasma energy device. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1998-2004. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. David Holcomb
- Holcomb – Kreithen Plastic Surgery and Medspa 1 S. School Ave, Ste 800 Sarasota Florida 34237 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baroni A, Verolino P. Plasma Radiofrequency Ablation for Scar Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010140. [PMID: 35011879 PMCID: PMC8745684 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scars are a common disfiguring sequela of various events such as acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, surgery, trauma, and burns, which can lead to serious psychosocial problems with a negative effect on the quality of life. Many conventional approaches have been proposed for the treatment of scars, including surgical techniques, dermabrasion, chemical peels, topical silicone gel, 5-fluorouracile and dermal fillers injection or autologous fat transfer for atrophic scars, and corticosteroids injection for hypertrophic and keloid scars; however, they have sporadic effects. Ablative lasers, such as carbon dioxide laser or Erbium Yag laser, are associated with many collateral effects limiting their application. Non-ablative laser treatments have been shown to be safer and to have fewer side effects, but they have a reduction of clinical efficacy compared to ablative lasers and a minimal improvement of scars. The demand for minimal invasive and safe technology for the treatment of a scars has stimulated the search for more effective novel therapy with fewer collateral effects. Plasma radiofrequency ablation is a new technique consisting of the generation of plasma energy through the production of ionized energy, which thermally heats tissue in a uniform and controlled manner, through a plasma radiofrequency device, inducing a sublimation of the tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of P-RF ablation in the treatment of scars performed with D.A.S. Medical device (Technolux, Italia), which is a tool working with the long-wave plasma radiofrequency principle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adone Baroni
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-1566-6833; Fax: +39-08-1546-8759
| | - Pasquale Verolino
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80120 Napoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Efficacy of Low-temperature Plasma for Treatment of Facial Rejuvenation in Asian Population. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3812. [PMID: 34549004 PMCID: PMC8447997 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Plasma, the fourth state of matter, has been widely proposed in antiaging medicine. The usage of low-temperature plasma (LTP), which converts nitrogen gas into plasma, demonstrates releasing of several growth factors and promotion of tissue regeneration. The nonchromophore-dependent property and preservation of skin architecture after treatment make LTP an interesting tool for facial rejuvenation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of LTP for facial rejuvenation. Methods: A prospective cohort study involving 40 women who received full face LTP treatment once a week for 5 consecutive sessions. The melanin index, erythema index, and elasticity index were measured by Mexameter and Cutometer, respectively. The Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale and quartile grading scale were assessed by two plastic surgeons. Results: All patients were between 26 and 55 years old and had mild-to-moderate Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale scores. The Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale scores showed a mean improvement of 0.47 and 0.89 at 4 and 12 weeks posttreatment (P < 0.001). Statistically significant improvements in melanin index, erythema index, and elasticity index at periorbital and perioral areas were found at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment (P < 0.001). Most subjects had quartile grading scale improvement of 51%–75% at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. Patients reported a greater than 75% improvement in dyspigmentation, wrinkles, and elasticity in 60%, 50%, and 57.5% of subjects, respectively. Conclusion: LTP is another choice for facial rejuvenation, wrinkles reduction, and dyspigmentation with significantly improved results.
Collapse
|
7
|
Baroni A. Facial skin esthetic treatments with plasma radiofrequency ablation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3934-3939. [PMID: 33683794 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of esthetic dermatology continues to evolve rapidly, and esthetic procedures for facial skin play a key role in it. During recent years, patients have been demanding more non-invasive and safe technology characterized by satisfactory results and minimal downtime as compared to traditional surgical procedures. In the panorama of facial skin treatments, many options have different indications and limitations. AIMS The aim of this study was to report the effectiveness of plasma radiofrequency (PRF) ablation in facial skin esthetic treatments, performed with D.A.S. Medical device (Technolux, Italia). METHODS Once the dermatologist has diagnosed the unsightly facial skin disorder and ascertained that PRF ablation could be an appropriate approach, contraindications to treatment must be excluded. After the patient has signed the informed consent for treatment, it will be possible to proceed with the PRF ablation sessions. According to the esthetic disorder and the area of the face to be treated, PRF ablation is performed at energy and frequency values chosen depending on the case. RESULTS Treatments are generally well tolerated by patients, and excellent esthetic results and no side effects are observed. CONCLUSIONS Even today, plasma radiofrequency ablation is perhaps one of the most versatile minimal invasive techniques, regarding both for variety of indications as well as effectiveness and fast downtime. Its applications are many, ranging from the removal of unsightly skin lesions, to the correction of scars, treatment of blepharochalasis, periocular, and perioral wrinkles, active acne, that distort the homogeneity and the youthful appearance of the face. PRF ablation has shown to be an effective option demonstrating its value in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adone Baroni
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Efficacy and safety of non-thermal nitrogen plasma versus long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser for hand rejuvenation. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:181-191. [PMID: 33420853 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of multiple treatment sessions of pulsed non-thermal atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma compared with long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser for hand rejuvenation. To optimize the nitrogen plasma mode for rejuvenation, the relative intensity of reactive species and skin temperature was compared at different input powers and time periods. Twenty-five patients with mild-moderate photodamaged skin were recruited; one hand was randomly selected for eight weekly treatment sessions with plasma (two passes), while the other was subjected to three monthly treatments with laser (until erythema became obvious). A blinded dermatologist scored the mean wrinkle and dyschromia improvement at 1 and 2 months after the first treatment and 1 and 3 months after the last treatment. The patients' satisfaction and the biomechanical characteristics of the skin including cutaneous resonance running time (CRRT), melanin, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hydration were evaluated. Clinically, both methods gave rise to a similar, significant improvement in wrinkles (49.09 ± 19.18% and 39.32 ± 18.21% after plasma and laser, respectively) and dyschromia (45.00 ± 26.32% and 30.62% ± 24.99% after plasma and laser, respectively) (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in CRRT and melanin was seen following treatment with either method (P < 0.05). Notably, plasma therapy led to a significant decrease in TEWL and boosted skin hydration. This is while laser therapy augmented the TEWL and reduced skin hydration. Our findings corroborate that cold plasma is as effective and safe as long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser, with less discomfort and dryness during treatment. The protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. IRCT20160320027109N4. Registered 9 April 2019 (This manuscript is only a part of this registered project.).
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferreira FC, Sathler CSCDO, Hida IY, Leite SC, Kusabara AA, de Castro ACV, Ribeiro MZML, Nahas TR. Upper eyelid blepharoplasty using plasma exeresis: Evaluation of outcomes, satisfaction, and symptoms after procedure. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2758-2764. [PMID: 33252188 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial care treatments have grown a remarkable demand for effective and minimally invasive techniques with fast recovery time. Plasma technology is a nonsurgical alternative technique for skin rejuvenation. AIMS We assessed patient satisfaction and symptoms after upper eyelid blepharoplasty with plasma technology. PATIENTS/METHODS Observational study including 16 patients submitted to upper eyelid blepharoplasty using plasma technology to treat dermatochalasis. Patient satisfaction, symptoms, and quality of life were assessed using 2 questionnaires at follow-up days 7 and 30. Also, the answers were correlated with age, Fitzpatrick skin type, and quantity of eyelid skin treated with plasma. RESULTS All 16 patients were treated and completed the survey. Fourteen (87.5%) were female, and the mean age was 50.5 years. Physical appearance was the most relevant factor impacting on quality of life at first week postoperative. Regarding satisfaction with results, most patients stated higher level of satisfaction at day 7 follow-up analysis (P = .038). Less impact on quality of life and higher satisfaction was associated with eyelid-treated area (P = .044 and P = .036) and Fitzpatrick skin type (P = .043) at 7 and 30 days after procedure, respectively. Eyelid edema and itching were the symptoms most reported at 7 and 30 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Upper blepharoplasty with plasma is a minimally invasive treatment with low impact on quality of life. However, overall patient satisfaction is questionable when considering less willing of undergoing procedure again and decreased expectation with results over postoperative period. Symptoms are reported mainly at the first week after procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Calice Ferreira
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ilana Yamakami Hida
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana Crispin Leite
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Vieira de Castro
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Rizkallah Nahas
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kang KA, Piao MJ, Eom S, Yoon SY, Ryu S, Kim SB, Yi JM, Hyun JW. Non-thermal dielectric-barrier discharge plasma induces reactive oxygen species by epigenetically modifying the expression of NADPH oxidase family genes in keratinocytes. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101698. [PMID: 32863235 PMCID: PMC7472924 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that non-thermal dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms through which DBD plasma induces the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) family members by epigenetic modification in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cell exposure to DBD plasma in 10% oxygen and 90% argon resulted in the generation of ROS, triggering oxidative stress that manifested in various forms, including lipid membrane peroxidation, DNA base modification, and protein carbonylation. DBD plasma upregulated the expression of NOX1, NOX5, and DUOX2 at the mRNA and protein levels; and siRNAs targeting NOX1, NOX5, and DUOX2 attenuated the generation of DBD plasma-induced ROS. DBD plasma upregulated the transcriptional activators TET1, MLL1, and HAT1 and downregulated the transcriptional repressors DNMT1, EZH2, and HDAC1. Additionally, DBD plasma increased the binding of transcriptional activators and decreased the binding of transcriptional repressors to the DUOX2 promoter. Methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing indicated that DBD plasma decreased methylation at the DUOX2 promoter. These results suggest that DBD plasma induces ROS generation by enhancing the expression of the NOX system through epigenetic DNA and histone modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheum Eom
- Plasma Technology Research Center of National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Young Yoon
- Plasma Technology Research Center of National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Ryu
- Plasma Technology Research Center of National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center of National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ziade G, Desiree K. Hyperpigmentation after nonsurgical blepharoplasty using plasma technology. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13493. [PMID: 32362046 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen plasma is considered nowadays one of the efficient treatment options for nonsurgical blepharoplasty. Although it is an overall safe treatment, it has some side effects. This short paper addresses the risk of hyperpigmentation following the use of plasma and list few suggestions on how to prevent it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Ziade
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Karam Desiree
- Faculty of Medicine, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holcomb JD, Kelly M, Hamilton TK, DeLozier JB. A Prospective Study Evaluating the Use of Helium Plasma for Dermal Resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:940-951. [PMID: 32350901 PMCID: PMC7754429 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A novel helium plasma device was evaluated for efficacy and safety for dermal resurfacing (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03286283). The helium plasma device delivers energy in a controlled, bimodal fashion that when compared with the nitrogen plasma predicate device in a porcine animal model demonstrated a more limited depth of thermal effect but a greater skin tissue contraction. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five eligible subjects seeking improvement in facial rhytids were enrolled for study at one of three investigational sites. Most subjects underwent full-face treatment. Power levels were limited to 20% at peri-oral and peri-orbital areas-a level that correlates to an energy density 40% lower than the highest setting on the predicate device. Three-month post-treatment Fitzpatrick Wrinkle and Elastosis Scale (FWS) scores were compared with baseline scores as determined by blinded independent photographic reviewers (IPRs) and study investigators. RESULTS Blinded IPRs observed a ≥1-point FWS improvement in 63.64% of subjects whereas study investigators noted a ≥1-point FWS improvement in 54 of 55 subjects (98.18%) of subjects. 90.9% of subjects indicated "improvement" in appearance utilizing the modified Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. Subgroup analysis showed 1-point (±0.05) FWS improvement by IPRs and study investigators for Fitzpatrick Skin Types II and III, age≥62, two of three study sites, and post-treatment oral steroid use. Eighty Non-Serious Adverse Events in 39 subjects were reported, most of which resolved within 14 days or less. There were no Serious Adverse Events or Unanticipated Device Effects reported. CONCLUSION At the modest power level studied, a significant improvement from a single pass helium plasma dermal resurfacing treatment was observable in most subjects by IPRs and investigators, and no serious adverse events were reported. The discrepancy between IPR and study investigator FWS improvement may be explained in part by the limitations of assessing two-dimensional photographs versus live in-person evaluation of subjects. Studies evaluating higher energy levels and/or multiple treatment passes are ongoing. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J David Holcomb
- Holcomb-Kreithen Plastic Surgery and MedSpa, 1 S. School Ave, Ste 800, Sarasota, Florida, 34237
| | - Michael Kelly
- Miami Plastic Surgery, 8940 N Kendall Dr Ste. 903-E, Miami, Florida, 33176
| | - Tiffani K Hamilton
- Department of Hamilton Dermatology, 11800 Atlantis Place, Alpharetta, Georgia, 30022
| | - Joseph B DeLozier
- DeLozier Cosmetic Surgery Center, 209 23rd Ave N, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Babossalam S, Abdollahimajd F, Aghighi M, Mahdikia H, Dilmaghanian A, Toossi P, Shokri B. The effect of nitrogen plasma on the skin and hair follicles: a possible promising future for the treatment of alopecia. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:361-371. [PMID: 31811380 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a great attention to the plasma applications in medicine. Not only does cold atmospheric pressure plasma provide a therapeutic opportunity to control redox-based processes, it is also an innovative method in rejuvenation. Given the current interest in new methods of rejuvenation, we aimed to introduce a novel pulsed nitrogen plasma torch with potential use in rejuvenation. We investigated production of reactive species at different pulse energy by spectroscopy and also measured nitric oxide and O2 concentration and evaluated the flame temperature. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups based on the applied energy settings; the skin of the animals was processed with plasma. For quantitative evaluation of dermis, epidermis and hair follicles (to confirm the effects of this technique on rejuvenation), skin biopsies were taken from both unexposed and treated areas. The spectroscopy results showed the presence of nitric oxide in plasma and the concentration was suitable for dermatological applications. A significant increase was observed in epidermal thickness, fibroblast cell proliferation and collagenesis (P < 0.05). Interestingly, plasma led to a temporary increase in the diameter of primary and secondary hair follicles compared to the controls. The results confirmed the positive effects of this pulsed nitrogen plasma torch on rejuvenation and also revealed a new possible aspect of cold plasma; its effect on hair follicles as a promising area in the treatment of alopecia that requires further clinical and molecular studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Babossalam
- Laser, Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19839-6941, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mustafa Aghighi
- Laser, Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19839-6941, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mahdikia
- Laser, Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19839-6941, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Toossi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shokri
- Laser, Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19839-6941, Tehran, Iran. .,Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19839-6941, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhu L, Zeng A, Ting W, Wang X, Yu N, Xia G. Combining micro-plasma radio-frequency with hypofractionated electron-beam radiation as a novel treatment of keloids: A case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18094. [PMID: 31770227 PMCID: PMC6890320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Micro-plasma radio-frequency (MPR) technology has been demonstrated a safe and effective treatment for kinds of scars, but there is no report about the application of the MPR on keloids. In this investigation, we creatively use MPR technology combining with hypofractionated electron-beam radiation to cure keloids. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES From February 2013 to December 2016, 22 Asian patients (16 male, 6 female, age 19-46 years, mean age 28.14 ± 7.31 years) with keloids over half a year were enrolled in this study. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES All patients received a single MPR technology treatment by roller tip at 80-100 watt, and then hypofractionated electron-beam radiation of 6 MeV were performed twice, within 24 hours and one week after the operation with 9 Gy per time. Improvement were determined by the Vancouver Scar Scales (VSS) according to digital photographs. The results show that the volume of keloids reduced significantly among most patients. Only 3 patients encountered with mild to moderate hyperpigmentation, and none of malignance and worsening or recurrence of scars was observed. LESSONS MPR technology combined with post-operative hypofractionated electron-beam radiation therapy is an effective method for patients with multiple keloids distributed widely on the body with minimal complications, especially for patients with widely distributed keloids.
Collapse
|
16
|
Holcomb JD, Schucker A. Helium Plasma Skin Regeneration: Evaluation of Skin Tissue Effects in a Porcine Model and Comparison to Nitrogen Plasma Skin Regeneration. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:23-32. [PMID: 31587330 PMCID: PMC7004100 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Helium plasma skin regeneration (PSR) is a novel skin rejuvenation technology with significant differences compared with nitrogen PSR technology but that may exert similar skin tissue effects. Study objectives included a comparison of acute and chronic skin tissue changes among the two plasmas in a porcine animal model. Study Design/Materials and Methods In this study, both helium and nitrogen gas plasmas were used to treat the dorsal skin of Yorkshire cross mini pigs with 20% (8.6 J/cm2) and 40% (17.8 J/cm2) power helium plasma single pass treatment (4 liter gas flow, continuous energy delivery, and linear non‐overlapping passes) compared with high energy nitrogen plasma double pass treatment (PSR3 @ 14.1 J/cm2: 4.0 J, 2.5 Hz pulse rate, overlapping horizontal, and vertical passes). Acute and chronic skin contraction, maximum acute depth of injury and chronic reparative healing depth were assessed along with representative histopathology in each treatment paradigm. Results High‐energy nitrogen plasma treatment exhibited greatest mean depth of acute tissue injury 4 hours post‐treatment whereas helium plasma treatment exhibited greater acute skin tissue contraction. Then, 20% and 40% power helium plasma treatment results were each very similar among animals as a percentage of nitrogen plasma treatment results for both depths of acute tissue injury and acute skin tissue contraction. Mean depths of reparative tissue healing were similar among treatment paradigms 30 days after treatment with significant intra‐ and inter‐animal variability observed within each treatment paradigm. Thirty‐day mean skin tissue contraction was greater for helium plasma treatment; however, the data varied significantly between animals in all paradigms. Histopathologic tissue evaluation after 30 days showed similar findings among the treatment paradigms with epidermal hyperplasia, flattening of rete ridges and with regenerative granulation tissue expanding the superficial and papillary dermis. Conclusions This study demonstrates modestly reduced depth of the thermal effect, greater skin tissue contraction and similarity of acute and chronic histopathological findings for helium plasma when compared with nitrogen plasma in a porcine animal model. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J David Holcomb
- Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Holcomb-Kreithen Plastic Surgery and MedSpa, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Adrienne Schucker
- Department of Pathology, American PreClinical Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baroni A. Non‐surgical blepharoplasty with the novel plasma radiofrequency ablation technology. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:121-124. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adone Baroni
- Dermatology Unit University of Campania Naples Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Giroux PA, Hersant B, SidAhmed-Mezi M, Pizza C, La Padula S, Meningaud JP. The Outcomes Assessment of the Plasma Blade Technology in Upper Blepharoplasties: A Prospective Study on a Series of 25 Patients. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:948-955. [PMID: 30927022 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Dermo Ablation Surgery (DAS) Medical® (Technolux, Italy) device is a plasma blade which induces a plasma voltaic arc causing a retraction in the epidermis and superficial dermis. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to prove the efficacy and safety of the DAS Medical® device in dermatochalasis size reduction. METHODS Our prospective study included 25 adult patients presenting with upper eyelid dermatochalasis undergoing a two-session treatment protocol with the DAS Medical® device (with a month treatment-free interval). The primary end point was the reduction in the size of the dermatochalasis. The secondary end points were patient satisfaction, and a blinded assessment of the outcomes was carried out by 15 plastic surgery specialists on post-procedural pictures. RESULTS The mean reduction in the size of the dermatochalasis was estimated at 2.47 mm on a 6-month follow-up (13.5 mm at T0 vs. 11.03 mm at 6 months, p = 0.0002) and 1.97 mm on a 12-month follow-up ((13.5 mm at T0 vs. 11.53 mm at 12 months, p = 0.0055). Eighty per cent of the patients and 78% of the assessing clinicians were globally satisfied with the results on a 12-month follow-up. The mean visual analogue pain score reported during the treatment was 4.5/10; MEOPA® was used in 23% of cases. No irreversible post-procedural sequelae (complications) were observed. CONCLUSION Voltaic plasma arc treatment with DAS Medical® is an effective technique for non-invasive blepharoplasty on moderate dermatochalasis patients not suffering from palpebral lipoptosis and is very well tolerated. It can be usefully and successfully associated with surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
|
19
|
Discharge Plasma-Activated Saline Protects Against Abdominal Sepsis by Promoting Bacterial Clearance. Shock 2019; 52:92-101. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
20
|
Tian J, Lei XX, Xuan L, Tang JB, Cheng B. Application of plasma-combined regeneration technology in managing facial acne scars. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 21:138-144. [PMID: 30110184 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1481512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, the Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ZhongShanCityPeople’Hospital, ZhongShan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xuan Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, the Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Xuan
- Department of Human Resources, Guangzhou General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, the Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Bing Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, the Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, the Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Safety aspects of atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet operation on skin: In vivo study on mouse skin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174966. [PMID: 28379998 PMCID: PMC5381889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical applications of plasma require its efficacy for specific purposes and equally importantly its safety. Herein the safety aspects of cold plasma created with simple atmospheric pressure plasma jet produced with helium gas and electrode discharge are evaluated in skin damage on mouse, at different duration of exposure and gas flow rates. The extent of skin damage and treatments are systematically evaluated using stereomicroscope, labelling with fluorescent dyes, histology, infrared imaging and optical emission spectroscopy. The analyses reveal early and late skin damages as a consequence of plasma treatment, and are attributed to direct and indirect effects of plasma. The results indicate that direct skin damage progresses with longer treatment time and increasing gas flow rates which reflect changes in plasma properties. With increasing flow rates, the temperature on treated skin grows and the RONS formation rises. The direct effects were plasma treatment dependent, whereas the disclosed late—secondary effects were more independent on discharge parameters and related to diffusion of RONS species. Thermal effects and skin heating are related to plasma-coupling properties and are separated from the effects of other RONS. It is demonstrated that cumulative topical treatment with helium plasma jet could lead to skin damage. How these damages can be mitigated is discussed in order to provide guidance, when using atmospheric pressure plasma jets for skin treatments.
Collapse
|
22
|
Evaluation of the sensitivity of bacterial and yeast cells to cold atmospheric plasma jet treatments. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029507. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4916928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
23
|
Sanderson AR, Wu EC, Liaw LHL, Garg R, Gangnes RA. The effect of topical anesthetic hydration on the depth of thermal injury from the plasma skin regeneration device. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 46:127-31. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R. Sanderson
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of California, Irvine; 101 The City Drive Orange California 92868
| | - Edward C. Wu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery; University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center; 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 62-132 Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Lih-Huei L. Liaw
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic; University of California, Irvine; 1002 Health Sciences Rd. East Irvine California 92612
| | - Rohit Garg
- Kaiser Permanente Orange County Anaheim Medical Center; 3440 East La Palma Ave Anaheim California
| | - Richard A. Gangnes
- Facial Aesthetic Concepts; 665 Camino De Los Mares #100A San Clemente California 92673
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Goodman G. Commentary on “Comparison of a Fractional Microplasma Radiofrequency Technology and Carbon Dioxide Fractional Laser for the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars: A Randomized Split-Face Clinical Study”. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39:567-70. [DOI: 10.1111/dsu.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
25
|
Maluki AH, Mohammad FH. Treatment of atrophic facial scars of acne vulgaris by Q-Switched Nd:YAG (Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet) laser 1064 nm wavelength. J COSMET LASER THER 2013; 14:224-33. [PMID: 23016531 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2012.723807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) is a new modality that was reported to be effective in treatment of acne scars. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of this laser in treatment of acne scars. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case series, descriptive and comparative study was conducted in Al-Najaf Teaching Hospital of Kufa Medical College, Iraq from October 2010 to October 2011. A total of 16 patients having mild to moderate facial acne scars were enrolled; 10 of them completed the study. All patients had Fitzpatrick skin type III. They were divided into two groups A and B and were treated with two different energy fluences: 5 J/cm2 for group (A) and 15 J/cm2 for group (B). Five treatment sessions with 2-week intervals were done for all patients and were followed up for 6 months. The improvement was evaluated by objective and subjective methods. RESULTS Changes in acne scores in both groups were statistically insignificant after 6 months follow-up. Only two patients were satisfied with the improvement after treatment- one patient from each group. No serious side effects were reported. CONCLUSION Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) can be used in treating atrophic facial scars of acne vulgaris.
Collapse
|
26
|
Heinlin J, Isbary G, Stolz W, Morfill G, Landthaler M, Shimizu T, Steffes B, Nosenko T, Zimmermann J, Karrer S. Plasma applications in medicine with a special focus on dermatology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1-11. [PMID: 20497290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The recent tremendous progress in understanding physical plasma phenomenon, together with the development of new plasma sources has put growing focus on the application of plasmas in health care. Active plasma components, such as molecules, atoms, ions, electrons and photons, reactive species, ultraviolet radiation, optical and infrared emission and heat have the ability of activating, controlling and catalysing reactions and complex biochemical procedures. Thermal and non-thermal (i.e. cold) plasmas - both already widely established in medicine - are used for various therapeutic applications. Particularly in dermatology, plasma applications hold big potential, for example, in wound healing, such as efficient disinfection or sterilization, therapy of various skin infections or tissue regeneration. This review gives an overview on potential plasma applications in medicine - including the recent research on skin diseases - and summarizes possible interactions between plasmas and living tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Heinlin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Acne scarring: A review and current treatment modalities. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:659-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Head and neck reconstruction. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 16:394-7. [PMID: 18626261 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32830c1edc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Elsaie ML, Lloyd HW. Latest laser and light-based advances for ethnic skin rejuvenation. Indian J Dermatol 2008; 53:49-53. [PMID: 19881986 PMCID: PMC2763719 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.41643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in nonablative skin rejuvenation technologies have sparked a renewed interest in the cosmetic treatment of aging skin. More options exist now than ever before to reverse cutaneous changes caused by long-term exposure to sunlight. Although Caucasian skin is more prone to ultraviolet light injury, ethnic skin (typically classified as types IV to VI) also exhibits characteristic photoaging changes. Widespread belief that inevitable or irreversible textural changes or dyspigmentation occurs following laser- or light-based treatments, has been challenged in recent years by new classes of devices capable of protecting the epidermis from injury during treatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review recent clinical advances in the treatment of photoaging changes in ethnic skin. This article provides a basis for the classification of current advances in nonablative management of ethnic skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lotfy Elsaie
- Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Department, University of Miami Cosmetic Center, FL, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|