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Subburayalu J, Dolff S, Xu S, Sun M, Lindemann M, Heinold A, Heinemann FM, Tervaert JWC, Eisenberger U, Korth J, Brinkhoff A, Kribben A, Witzke O, Wilde B. Characterization of follicular T helper cells and donor-specific T helper cells in renal transplant patients with de novo donor-specific HLA-antibodies. Clin Immunol 2021; 226:108698. [PMID: 33639275 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are a heterogeneous subset of immunocompetent T helper (TH) cells capable of augmenting B cell responses in lymphoid tissues. In transplantation, exposure to allogeneic tissue activates TFH cells increasing the risk of the emergence of de novo donor-specific HLA-antibodies (dnDSA). These can cause antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and allograft loss. Follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells counteract TFH cell activity. Here, we investigated the implications of TFH and TFR cells on dnDSA formation after renal transplantation (RTX). Considering TFH cells to be CXCR5+ and IL-21+, we found by flow cytometry that patients with dnDSA produced IL-21 more abundantly compared to healthy volunteers. In in vitro alloreactivity assays, patients with dnDSA featured an enhanced alloreactive TH cell pool in response to donor-specific HLA antigens. Besides, longitudinal investigations suggested enhanced alloreactivity shortly after transplantation increasing the risk of dnDSA development. Taken together, in spite of continuous immunosuppression we report a strong IL-21 response in TFH cells and an expanded reservoir of donor-specific memory TH cells in patients with dnDSA. This warrants further investigations if aberrant TFH cell activation may precede the formation of dnDSA promoting AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Shilei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinold
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Falko M Heinemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Ute Eisenberger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brinkhoff
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany.
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Ko EJ, Seo JW, Kim KW, Kim BM, Cho JH, Kim CD, Seok J, Yang CW, Lee SH, Chung BH. Phenotype and molecular signature of CD8+ T cell subsets in T cell- mediated rejections after kidney transplantation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234323. [PMID: 32530943 PMCID: PMC7292394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the phenotype and molecular signatures of CD8+ T cell subsets in kidney-transplant recipients (KTRs) with biopsy-proven T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). We included 121 KTRs and divided them into three groups according to the pathologic or clinical diagnosis: Normal biopsy control (NC)(n = 32), TCMR (n = 50), and long-term graft survival (LTGS)(n = 39). We used flowcytometry and microarray to analyze the phenotype and molecular signatures of CD8+ T cell subsets using peripheral blood from those patients and analyzed significant gene expressions according to CD8+ T cell subsets. We investigated whether the analysis of CD8+ T cell subsets is useful for predicting the development of TCMR. CCR7+CD8+ T cells significantly decreased, but CD28nullCD57+CD8+ T cells and CCR7-CD45RA+CD8+ T cells showed an increase in the TCMR group compared to other groups (p<0.05 for each); hence CCR7+CD8+ T cells showed significant negative correlations to both effector CD8+ T cells. We identified genes significantly associated with the change of CCR7+CD8+ T, CCR7-CD45RA+CD8+ T, and CD28nullCD57+CD8+ T cells in an ex vivo study and found that most of them were included in the significant genes on in vitro CCR7+CD8+ T cells. Finally, the decrease of CCR7+CD8+ T cells relative to CD28nullCD57+ T or CCR7-CD45RA+CD8+ T cells can predict TCMR significantly in the whole clinical cohort. In conclusion, phenotype and molecular signature of CD8+ T subsets showed a significant relationship to the development of TCMR; hence monitoring of CD8+ T cell subsets may be a useful for predicting TCMR in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Ko
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Seo
- Department of Core Research Laboratory, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Woon Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Junhee Seok
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Doh KC, Kim BM, Kim KW, Chung BH, Yang CW. Effects of resveratrol on Th17 cell-related immune responses under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:54. [PMID: 30832648 PMCID: PMC6399827 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that tacrolimus (Tac) does not decrease T helper 17 cells (Th17) response in kidney transplantation. In this study, we evaluated whether Resveratrol (Resv) has immunosuppressive effects by decreasing Th17 responses in Tac-based immunosuppression. METHODS We investigated the effects of Resv under Tac-treatment conditions, on CD4+ T cell differentiation to Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and proliferation of CD4+ T cells co-cultured with human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiCs). The effects of Resv on Th17 cells were tested in the murine skin transplant model. RESULTS In PBMCs, Tac did not but combination of Tac and Resv further suppressed Th17 immune response. In the co-culture study, combination of Resv to Tac significantly decreased HRPTEpiC-induced T cell proliferation compared to Tac alone. Resv treatment in the Jurkat cell induced the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase and suppressed the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), suggesting blocking Th17 pathway by Resv. In the murine skin transplant model, combination of Resv to Tac significantly prolonged skin graft survival accompanied by the suppression of Th17 cells, compared to either the Tac-alone or control groups. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that Resv provides additional immunosuppressive effects to Tac by suppressing effector CD4+ T cells, especially Th17 cells, in the transplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chan Doh
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplant research center, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplant research center, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Woon Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplant research center, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplant research center, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplant research center, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Clinical significance of CCR7 +CD8 + T cells in kidney transplant recipients with allograft rejection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8827. [PMID: 29891963 PMCID: PMC5995850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory function of CCR7+CD8+ T cells against effector T-cells involved in T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) in kidney transplant recipients was investigated. In vitro experiments explored the ability of CCR7+CD8+ T cells to suppress T-cell proliferation under T-cell activation conditions or during coculture with human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiC). In an ex vivo experiment, the proportion of CCR7+/CD8+, FOXP3+/CCR7+CD8+ T and effector T-cell subsets were compared between the normal biopsy control (NC, n = 17) and TCMR group (n = 17). The CCR7+CD8+ T cells significantly suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and significantly decreased the proportion of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+/CD4+ T cells and inflammatory cytokine levels (all p < 0.05). After coculturing with HRPTEpiC, CCR7+CD8+ T cells also suppressed T-cell differentiation into IL-2+, IFN-γ+, and IL-17+/CD4+ T cells (all p < 0.05). The TCMR group had significantly fewer CCR7+/CD8+ and FOXP3+/CCR7+CD8+ T in comparison with the NC group, but the proportions of all three effector T-cell subsets were increased in the TCMR group (all p < 0.05). The proportion of CCR7+/CD8+ T was inversely correlated with those of effector T-cell subsets. The results indicate that CCR7+CD8+ T cells may regulate effector T-cells involved in TCMR in an in vitro and in an ex vivo transplant model.
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5
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Van Laecke S, Malfait T, Schepers E, Van Biesen W. Cardiovascular disease after transplantation: an emerging role of the immune system. Transpl Int 2018; 31:689-699. [PMID: 29611220 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) after transplantation remains a major concern. Little is known about what drives the increased cardiovascular risk in transplant recipients apart from traditional risk factors. The immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease in the general population. Recently, inhibition of interleukin 1 - β by canakinumab versus placebo decreased the incidence of cardiovascular events. Emerging evidence points to a role of adaptive cellular immunity in the development of CVD. Especially, expansion of pro-inflammatory and antiapoptotic cytotoxic CD4+ CD28null T cells is closely associated with incident CVD in various study populations including transplant recipients. The association of cytomegalovirus exposure with increased cardiovascular mortality might be explained by its capacity to upregulate these cytotoxic cells. Also, humoral immunity seems to be relevant for cardiovascular outcome in transplant recipients. Panel-reactive antibodies at baseline and donor-specific antibodies are independently associated with poor cardiovascular outcome after kidney transplantation. Cardiovascular effects of immunosuppressive drugs and statins do not only imply indirect positive or negative effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors but also intrinsic immunological effects. How immunosuppressive drugs modify atherosclerosis largely remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Malfait
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Schepers
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Crepeau RL, Ford ML. Challenges and opportunities in targeting the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in transplantation and autoimmunity. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1001-1012. [PMID: 28525959 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1333595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T cell activation is a complex process that requires multiple cell signaling pathways, including a primary recognition signal and additional costimulatory signals. One of the best-characterized costimulatory pathways includes the Ig superfamily members CD28 and CTLA-4 and their ligands CD80 and CD86. Areas covered: This review discusses past, current and future biological therapies that have been utilized to block the CD28/CTLA-4 cosignaling pathway in the settings of autoimmunity and transplantation, as well the challenges facing successful implementation of these therapies. Expert opinion: The development of CD28 blockers Abatacept and Belatacept provided a more targeted therapy approach for transplant rejection and autoimmune disease relative to calcineurin inhibitors and anti-proliferatives, but overall efficacy may be limited due to their collateral effect of simultaneously blocking CTLA-4 coinhibitory signals. As such, current investigations into the potential of selective CD28 blockade to block the costimulatory potential of CD28 while exploiting the coinhibitory effects of CTLA-4 are promising. However, as selective CD28 blockade inhibits the activity of both effector and regulatory T cells, an important goal for the future is the design of therapies that will maximize the attenuation of effector responses while preserving the suppressive function of T regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Crepeau
- a Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- a Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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7
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Seyda M, Elkhal A, Quante M, Falk CS, Tullius SG. T Cells Going Innate. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:546-556. [PMID: 27402226 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell receptors (NKRs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of antigen-experienced T cells. Indeed, prolonged antigen stimulation may induce changes in the receptor repertoire of T cells to a profile that features NKRs. Chronic antigen exposure, at the same time, has been shown to trigger the loss of costimulatory CD28 molecules with recently reported intensified antigen thresholds of antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells. In transplantation, NKRs have been shown to assist allograft rejection in a CD28-independent fashion. We discuss here a role for CD28-negative T cells that have acquired the competency of the NKR machinery, potentially promoting allorecognition either through T cell receptor (TCR) crossreactivity or independently from TCR recognition. Collectively, NKRs can bring about innate-like T cells by providing alternative costimulatory pathways that gain relevance in chronic inflammation, potentially leading to resistance to CD28-targeting immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midas Seyda
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Quante
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Down-Regulation of Surface CD28 under Belatacept Treatment: An Escape Mechanism for Antigen-Reactive T-Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148604. [PMID: 26919152 PMCID: PMC4769294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The co-stimulatory inhibitor of the CD28-CD80/86-pathway, belatacept, allows calcineurin-inhibitor-free immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. However, aggressive T-cell mediated allogeneic responses have been observed in belatacept-treated patients, which could be explained by effector-memory T-cells that lack membrane expression of CD28, i.e. CD28-negative (CD28NULL) T-cells. CD28-positive (CD28POS) T-cells that down regulate their surface CD28 after allogeneic stimulation could also pose a threat against the renal graft. The aim of this study was to investigate this potential escape mechanism for CD28POS T-cells under belatacept treatment. Materials & Methods PBMCs, isolated T-cell memory subsets and isolated CD28POS T-cells were obtained from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and co-cultured with allo-antigen in the presence of belatacept to mimic allogeneic reactions in kidney-transplant patients under belatacept treatment. As a control, IgG was used in the absence of belatacept. Results Despite high in vitro belatacept concentrations, a residual T-cell growth of ±30% was observed compared to the IgG control after allogeneic stimulation. Of the alloreactive T-cells, the majority expressed an effector-memory phenotype. This predominance for effector-memory T-cells within the proliferated cells was even larger when a higher dose of belatacept was added. Contrary to isolated naïve and central-memory T cells, isolated effector-memory T cells could not be inhibited by belatacept in differentiation or allogeneic IFNγ production. The proportion of CD28-positive T cells was lower within the proliferated T cell population, but was still substantial. A fair number of the isolated initially CD28POS T-cells differentiated into CD28NULL T-cells, which made them not targetable by belatacept. These induced CD28NULL T-cells were not anergic as they produced high amounts of IFNγ upon allogeneic stimulation. The majority of the proliferated isolated originally CD28POS T-cells, however, still expressed CD28 and also expressed IFNγ. Conclusion This study provides evidence that, apart from CD28NULL T-cells, also CD28POS, mostly effector-memory T-cells can mediate allogeneic responses despite belatacept treatment.
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T-cell alloreactivity and transplantation outcome: a budding role for heterologous immunity? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2015; 20:454-60. [PMID: 26126194 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the association between alloreactive T cells and poor graft survival, the mechanisms behind T-cell-mediated rejection are still under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the latest insights into the impact of T-cell alloreactivity on solid organ transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with special emphasis on the potential impact of heterologous immunity. RECENT FINDINGS A large part of the memory T-cell repertoire is induced upon virus infections, and evidence for a role of T-cell receptor cross-reactivity of virus-induced memory T cells against allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is accumulating in experimental and clinical solid organ transplantation studies. In HSCT, strong alloreactive potential of naïve T cells causes concerns for graft-versus-host disease while additional HLA-DP matching is suggested to prevent CD4 alloreactivity. Furthermore, virus-induced memory T cells hamper mixed chimerism induction, pointing once more towards a role for heterologous immunity. SUMMARY Both memory and naïve T cells contribute to the alloimmune response after transplantation. Monitoring for T-cell phenotypes could help predict rejection episodes and/or graft-versus-host disease, allowing timely intervention. Tailoring donor lymphocyte infusions and additional HLA matching could prevent strong alloreactivity in HSCT. Furthermore, the potential role of heterologous immunity in T-cell alloreactivity and transplantation is gaining interest.
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10
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Betjes MGH. Clinical consequences of circulating CD28-negative T cells for solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 29:274-84. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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11
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Dumitriu IE. The life (and death) of CD4+ CD28(null) T cells in inflammatory diseases. Immunology 2015; 146:185-93. [PMID: 26190355 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the development and perpetuation of several disorders and T lymphocytes orchestrate the inflammatory immune response. Although the role of T cells in inflammation is widely recognized, specific therapies that tackle inflammatory networks in disease are yet to be developed. CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells are a unique subset of helper T lymphocytes that recently shot back into the limelight as potential catalysts of inflammation in several inflammatory disorders such as autoimmunity, atherosclerosis and chronic viral infections. In contrast to conventional helper T cells, CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells have an inbuilt ability to release inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules that can damage tissues and amplify inflammatory pathways. It comes as no surprise that patients who have high numbers of these cells have more severe disease and poor prognosis. In this review, I provide an overview on the latest advances in the biology of CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells. Understanding the complex functions and dynamics of CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent progression of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Dumitriu
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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12
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de Graav GN, Dieterich M, Hesselink DA, Boer K, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Kraaijeveld R, Litjens NHR, Bouamar R, Vanderlocht J, Tilanus M, Houba I, Boonstra A, Roelen DL, Claas FHJ, Betjes MGH, Weimar W, Baan CC. Follicular T helper cells and humoral reactivity in kidney transplant patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:329-40. [PMID: 25557528 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells play a pivotal role in alloreactivity in kidney transplantation. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells play an important role in the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing plasmablasts [through interleukin (IL)-21]. It is unclear to what extent this T cell subset regulates humoral alloreactivity in kidney transplant patients, therefore we investigated the absolute numbers and function of peripheral Tfh cells (CD4(POS) CXCR5(POS) T cells) in patients before and after transplantation. In addition, we studied their relationship with the presence of donor-specific anti-human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA), and the presence of Tfh cells in rejection biopsies. After transplantation peripheral Tfh cell numbers remained stable, while their IL-21-producing capacity decreased under immunosuppression. When isolated after transplantation, peripheral Tfh cells still had the capacity to induce B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production, which could be inhibited by an IL-21-receptor-antagonist. After transplantation the quantity of Tfh cells was the highest in patients with pre-existent DSA. In kidney biopsies taken during rejection, Tfh cells co-localized with B cells and immunoglobulins in follicular-like structures. Our data on Tfh cells in kidney transplantation demonstrate that Tfh cells may mediate humoral alloreactivity, which is also seen in the immunosuppressed milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N de Graav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Demmers MWHJ, Korevaar SS, Roemeling-van Rhijn M, van den Bosch TPP, Hoogduijn MJ, Betjes MGH, Weimar W, Baan CC, Rowshani AT. Human renal tubular epithelial cells suppress alloreactive T cell proliferation. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:509-19. [PMID: 25310899 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are one of the main targets of alloreactive T cells during acute rejection. We hypothesize that TECs modulate the outcome of alloimmunity by executing immunosuppressive effects in order to dampen the local inflammation. We studied whether TECs possess immunosuppressive capacities and if indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) might play a role in suppressing T cell alloreactivity. Next, we studied the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 with regard to TEC-related immunomodulatory effects. CD3/CD28 and alloactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with activated TECs. We analysed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation and apoptosis in the absence or presence of IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-L-MT), anti-PD-L1 and anti-ICAM-1. Further, we examined whether inhibition of T cell proliferation was cell-cell contact-dependent. We found that TECs dose-dependently inhibited CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation (P<0.05). Activated TECs showed significantly increased IDO activity and up-regulated PD-L1 and ICAM-1 expression. Suppressed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation was only partially restored or failed to restore using 1-L-MT. Activated TECs increased early and late apoptosis of proliferating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; only CD4(+) T cell apoptosis was statistically affected by 1-L-MT. Transwell experiments revealed that TEC-mediated immunosuppression is cell-cell contact-dependent. We found that anti-ICAM-1 affected only CD4(+) T cell apoptosis and not T cell proliferation. Our data show that TECs suppress both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation contact dependently. Interestingly, inhibition of proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis of T cell subsets is differentially regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and ICAM-1, with no evidence for the involvement of PD-L1 in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W H J Demmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mou D, Espinosa J, Lo DJ, Kirk AD. CD28 negative T cells: is their loss our gain? Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2460-6. [PMID: 25323029 PMCID: PMC4886707 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD28 is a primary costimulation molecule for T cell activation. However, during the course of activation some T cells lose this molecule and assume a CD28-independent existence. These CD28- T cells are generally antigen-experienced and highly differentiated. CD28- T cells are functionally heterogeneous. Their characteristics vary largely on the context in which they are found and range from having enhanced cytotoxic abilities to promoting immune regulation. Thus, CD28 loss appears to be more of a marker for advanced differentiation regardless of the cytotoxic or regulatory function being conducted by the T cell. CD28- T cells are now being recognized as playing significant roles in several human diseases. Various functional CD28- populations have been characterized in inflammatory conditions, infections and cancers. Of note, the recent introduction of costimulation blockade-based therapies, particularly those that inhibit CD28-B7 interactions, has made CD28 loss particularly relevant for solid organ transplantation. Certain CD28- T cell populations seem to promote allograft tolerance whereas others contribute to alloreactivity and costimulation blockade resistant rejection. Elucidating the interplay between these populations and characterizing the determinants of their ultimate function may have relevance for clinical risk stratification and personal determination of optimal posttransplant immune management.
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Kwekkeboom J, van der Laan LJW, Betjes MGH, Manintveld OC, Hoek RAS, Cransberg K, de Bruin RWF, Dor FJMF, de Jonge J, Boor PPC, van Gent R, van Besouw NM, Boer K, Litjens NHR, Hesselink DA, Hoogduijn MJ, Massey E, Rowshani AT, van de Wetering J, de Jong H, Hendriks RW, Metselaar HJ, van Gelder T, Weimar W, IJzermans JNM, Baan CC. Rotterdam: main port for organ transplantation research in the Netherlands. Transpl Immunol 2014; 31:200-6. [PMID: 25240732 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This overview describes the full spectrum of current pre-clinical and clinical kidney-, liver-, heart- and lung transplantation research performed in Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. An update is provided on the development of a large living donor kidney transplantation program and on optimization of kidney allocation, including the implementation of a domino kidney-donation program. Our current research efforts to optimize immunosuppressive regimens and find novel targets for immunosuppressive therapy, our recent studies on prevention of ischemia-reperfusion-induced graft injury, our newest findings on stimulation of tissue regeneration, our novel approaches to prevent rejection and viral infection, and our latest insights in the regulation of allograft rejection, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier C Manintveld
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier A S Hoek
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlien Cransberg
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M van Besouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Massey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ajda T Rowshani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huib de Jong
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Weimar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Limited efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs on CD8+ T cell-mediated and natural killer cell-mediated lysis of human renal tubular epithelial cells. Transplantation 2014; 97:1110-8. [PMID: 24704664 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although CD8+ T cell-mediated and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) plays a crucial role during rejection, the degree of inhibition of these lytic immune responses by immunosuppressive drugs is unknown. We investigated the CD8 T-cell and NK cell responses induced by TECs in vitro and questioned how these processes are affected by immunosuppressive drugs. METHODS Donor-derived TECs were co-cultured with recipient peripheral blood monocyte cells. Proliferation of CD8+ T cells and NK cell subsets was assessed using PKH dilution assay. CD107a degranulation and europium release assay were performed to explore CD8+-mediated and NK cell-mediated TEC lysis. Experiments were conducted in the absence or presence of tacrolimus (10 ng/mL), everolimus (10 ng/mL), and prednisolone (200 ng/mL). RESULTS Tubular epithelial cells induce significant CD8+ T-cell and NK cell proliferation. All immunosuppressive drugs significantly inhibited TEC-induced CD8+ T-cell proliferation. Interestingly, prednisolone was the most powerful inhibitor of NK cell proliferation. CD8-mediated and NK cell-mediated early lytic responses were marked by strong degranulation after an encounter of unstimulated TECs, represented by a high cell surface expression of CD107a. However, with the use of interferon-γ-activated and tumor necrosis factor-α-activated TECs, the NK degranulation response was significantly reduced and CD8 degranulation response was even more enhanced (P<0.05). Tubular epithelial cell-induced CD8 degranulation and CD8-mediated TEC lysis were preferentially inhibited by tacrolimus and prednisolone, and not by everolimus. Although tacrolimus showed the most inhibitory effect on the degranulation of NK cells, NK cell-mediated TEC lysis was efficiently inhibited by prednisolone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, our data point to a limited efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs on CD8+ T cell-mediated and NK cell-mediated lysis of human renal TECs.
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