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Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Yoo DY, Kang MS, Choi JH, Moon SM, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Extracts from Dendropanax morbifera leaves ameliorates cerebral ischemia-induced hippocampal damage by reducing oxidative damage in gerbil. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107483. [PMID: 37976794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In this study, we investigated the effects of Dendropanax morbifera extract (DME) on neuroprotection against ischemic damage in gerbils. METHODS DME (100 or 300 mg/kg) was orally administered to gerbils for three weeks, and 2 h after the last DME treatment, transient forebrain ischemia in the common carotid arteries was induced for 5 min. The forebrain ischemia-related cognitive impairments were assessed by spontaneous motor activity and passive avoidance test one and four days after ischemia, respectively. In addition, surviving and degenerating neurons were morphologically confirmed by neuronal nuclei immunohistochemical staining and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively, four days after ischemia. Changes of glial morphology were visualized by immunohistochemical staining for each marker such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding protein. Oxidative stress was determined by measurements of dihydroethidium, O2· (formation of formazan) and malondialdehyde two days after ischemia. In addition, glutathione redox system such as reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were measured two days after ischemia. RESULTS Spontaneous motor activity monitoring and passive avoidance tests showed that treatment with 300 mg/kg DME, but not 100 mg/kg, significantly alleviated ischemia-induced memory impairments. In addition, approximately 67 % of mature neurons survived and 29.3 % neurons were degenerated in hippocampal CA1 region four days after ischemia, and ischemia-induced morphological changes in astrocytes and microglia were decreased in the CA1 region after 300 mg/kg DME treatment. Furthermore, treatment with 300 mg/kg DME significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced oxidative stress, such as superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation, two days after ischemia. In addition, ischemia-induced reduction of the glutathione redox system in the hippocampus, assessed two days after the ischemia, was ameliorated by treatment with 300 mg/kg DME. These suggest that DME can potentially reduce ischemia-induced neuronal damage through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wider JM, Gruley E, Morse PT, Wan J, Lee I, Anzell AR, Fogo GM, Mathieu J, Hish G, O'Neil B, Neumar RW, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Modulation of mitochondrial function with near-infrared light reduces brain injury in a translational model of cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2023; 27:491. [PMID: 38098060 PMCID: PMC10720207 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to brain injury following cardiac arrest; therefore, therapies that limit mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to improve neurological outcomes. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain is a critical component of mitochondrial injury and is dependent on hyperactivation of mitochondria following resuscitation. Our previous studies have provided evidence that modulating mitochondrial function with specific near-infrared light (NIR) wavelengths can reduce post-ischemic mitochondrial hyperactivity, thereby reducing brain injury during reperfusion in multiple small animal models. METHODS Isolated porcine brain cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was used to investigate the mechanism of NIR-induced mitochondrial modulation. Cultured primary neurons from mice expressing mitoQC were utilized to explore the mitochondrial mechanisms related to protection with NIR following ischemia-reperfusion. Anesthetized pigs were used to optimize the delivery of NIR to the brain by measuring the penetration depth of NIR to deep brain structures and tissue heating. Finally, a model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with CPR in adult pigs was used to evaluate the translational potential of NIR as a noninvasive therapeutic approach to protect the brain after resuscitation. RESULTS Molecular evaluation of enzyme activity during NIR irradiation demonstrated COX function was reduced in an intensity-dependent manner with a threshold of enzyme inhibition leading to a moderate reduction in activity without complete inhibition. Mechanistic interrogation in neurons demonstrated that mitochondrial swelling and upregulation of mitophagy were reduced with NIR treatment. NIR therapy in large animals is feasible, as NIR penetrates deep into the brain without substantial tissue heating. In a translational porcine model of CA/CPR, transcranial NIR treatment for two hours at the onset of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) demonstrated significantly improved neurological deficit scores and reduced histologic evidence of brain injury after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS NIR modulates mitochondrial function which improves mitochondrial dynamics and quality control following ischemia/reperfusion. Noninvasive modulation of mitochondria, achieved by transcranial treatment of the brain with NIR, mitigates post-cardiac arrest brain injury and improves neurologic functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Erin Gruley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony R Anzell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Mathieu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Gerald Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Clinical Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, 1280 S. East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA.
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Ileriturk M, Kandemir O, Kandemir FM. Evaluation of protective effects of quercetin against cypermethrin-induced lung toxicity in rats via oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2639-2650. [PMID: 35876585 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a type II synthetic pyrethroid, is the most widely used insecticide worldwide. Inhalation of it may cause side effects. This study is aimed to examine potential protection of quercetin (QUE) which is a well-known antioxidant in CYP-induced lung toxicity. Accordingly, 35 Spraque Dawley male rats were divided into five equal groups as follows: I-Control group, II-QUE group (50 mg/kg/b.w. QUE), III-CYP group (25 mg/kg/b.w. CYP), IV-CYP + QUE 25 (25 mg/kg/b.w. CYP + 25 mg/kg/b.w. QUE), V-CYP + QUE (25 mg/kg/b.w. CYP + 50 mg/kg/b.w. QUE) were treated with oral gavage throughout 28 days. CYP intoxication was associated with increased malondialdehyde level while glutathione concentration, activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase reduced. CYP adminisitration caused of apoptosis in the lung by up-regulating caspase-3 and Bax levels and down-regulating Bcl-2. CYP also caused of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing mRNA transcript levels of PERK, IRE1, ATF6, and GRP78. Additionally, it was observed that CYP administration activated IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MAPK14 signaling pathway and levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, TNF-α, and iNOS in the lung tissue. Therefore, it was determined that CYP administration triggered autophagy by upregulating LC3A and LC3B mRNA transcript levels. Moreover, the protein levels of NF-κB, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochorme-c were examined by Western blot analysis. However, co-treatment with QUE at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg considerably protective oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, ER stress, autophagy, and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MAPK14 signaling pathway in lung tissue. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that lung damage associated with CYP toxicity could be protected by QUE administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ileriturk
- Department of Animal Science, Horasan Vocational College, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kandemir
- Aksaray Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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The Intertwined Roles of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050886. [PMID: 35624748 PMCID: PMC9137739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the burden of the disease continues to grow as the global population ages. Currently, the only treatment option is to lower intraocular pressure. A better understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis will help us to develop novel therapeutic options. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis, with reactive oxygen species producing processes overcoming anti-oxidant defensive processes. Oxidative stress works in a synergistic fashion with endoplasmic reticulum stress, to drive glaucomatous damage to trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. We discuss the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and their connections including their key intermediary, calcium. We highlight therapeutic options aimed at disrupting these pathways and discuss their potential role in glaucoma treatment.
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Rehni AK, Cho S, Dave KR. Ischemic brain injury in diabetes and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neurochem Int 2022; 152:105219. [PMID: 34736936 PMCID: PMC8918032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abnormal insulin activity, production, or both. Chronic diabetes causes many secondary complications including cardiovascular disease: a life-threatening complication. Cerebral ischemia-related mortality, morbidity, and the extent of brain injury are high in diabetes. However, the mechanism of increase in ischemic brain injury during diabetes is not well understood. Multiple mechanisms mediate diabetic hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia-induced increase in ischemic brain injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates both brain injury as well as brain protection after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The pathways of ER stress are modulated during diabetes. Free radical generation and mitochondrial dysfunction, two of the prominent mechanisms that mediate diabetic increase in ischemic brain injury, are known to stimulate the pathways of ER stress. Increased ischemic brain injury in diabetes is accompanied by a further increase in the activation of ER stress. As there are many metabolic changes associated with diabetes, differential activation of the pathways of ER stress may mediate pronounced ischemic brain injury in subjects suffering from diabetes. We presently discuss the literature on the significance of ER stress in mediating increased ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Rehni
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sunjoo Cho
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Deng L, Ma Y, Ma P, Wu Y, Yang X, Deng Q. Toxic effect of cooking oil fume (COF) on lungs: Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112463. [PMID: 34198188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooking oil fumes (COF) is one of the primary sources of indoor air pollution in China, which is associated with respiratory diseases such as acute lung injury and lung cancer. However, evidence of COF toxic effect was few. OBJECTIVES The research was aimed to investigate the toxic effect and the underlying mechanisms induced by COF. METHODS The female Wistar rats were randomly divided into several groups, including control group, COF exposure group and VE protection group, and instilled intratracheally with different COF suspensions (0.2, 2, 20 mg/kg) or saline once every 3 days for 30 days. After 24 h of final exposure, all rat were anesthetic euthanasia to draw materials. The alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was for inflammatory cell count. The lung homogenate was to determine the biochemical indexes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis factors, carcinogenic toxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The left lung was made for immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the levels of oxidative stress (ROS), apoptosis factors (NF-κB), carcinogenic toxicity (P53 and 8-OhdG), ER stress (IRE-1α and Caspase-12) in 2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg COF exposure groups were significantly increased compared with the saline groups. The above pathological changes were improved after vitamin E (VE) supplementation. In addition, the immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis found the same trend. CONCLUSION The COF had health risk of heredity and potential carcinogenicity. Besides, COFs can not only induce oxidative stress, but also induce ER stress in lung and airway epithelial cells of female rats through the unfolded protein reaction (UPR) pathway. It revealed that the oxidative stress and ER stress interacted in aggravating lung injury. VE could effectively alleviate the lung injury causing by COF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Deng
- school of tourism and ubran management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330000, China.
| | | | - Ping Ma
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Meng X, Liu K, Xie H, Zhu Y, Jin W, Lu J, Wang R. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the PERK signaling pathway in paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:525. [PMID: 34036384 PMCID: PMC8170262 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the primary reason for mortality in patients with paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Our previous study demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) had a role in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PQ-induced EMT remains clear. The present study aimed to determine the role of ER stress in EMT in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A549 and RLE-6TN cells were incubated with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or transfected with protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) small interfering RNA (si) for 24 h prior to being exposed to PQ. Next, the expression levels of ER stress-related proteins, PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway-related proteins and EMT-related markers were analyzed by performing western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assays. The results of the present study revealed that the protein expression levels of PERK, phosphorylated (p)-PERK, p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2)α were significantly upregulated in the PQ group, whereas p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-GSK-3β were significantly upregulated in the sicontrol + PQ group compared with the sicontrol group. In vitro, following transfection with siPERK or treatment with the PI3K inhibitor, the protein expression levels of E-cadherin (an epithelial marker) were upregulated, whereas the protein expression levels of α-SMA (a mesenchymal marker) were downregulated. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the levels of E-cadherin were markedly upregulated, whereas the levels of α-SMA were notably downregulated following transfection with siPERK compared with the sicontrol group. The results of wound healing assay demonstrated that cell migration in the siPERK + PQ group was markedly decreased compared with the sicontrol + PQ group. These indicated that PQ-induced EMT was suppressed after silencing PERK. The expression levels of p-GSK-3β, p-AKT and p-PI3K were also markedly downregulated in the siPERK + PQ group compared with the sicontrol + PQ group. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that ER stress may promote EMT through the PERK signaling pathway in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, ER stress may represent a potential therapeutic target for PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Nautical Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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da Silva DC, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: Tools and strategies to understand its complexity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104702. [PMID: 32068119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises a network of tubules and vesicles that constitutes the largest organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Being the location where most proteins are synthesized and folded, it is crucial for the upkeep of cellular homeostasis. Disturbed ER homeostasis triggers the activation of a conserved molecular machinery, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), that comprises three major signaling branches, initiated by the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Given the impact of this intricate signaling network upon an extensive list of cellular processes, including protein turnover and autophagy, ER stress is involved in the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. There is, for this reason, an increasing number of publications focused on characterizing and/or modulating ER stress, which have resulted in a wide array of techniques employed to study ER-related molecular events. This review aims to sum up the essentials on the current knowledge of the molecular biology of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while highlighting the available tools used in studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia da Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal.
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Wang G, Zheng X, Duan H, Dai Y, Niu Y, Gao J, Chang Z, Song X, Leng S, Tang J, Zheng Y. High-content analysis of particulate matters-induced oxidative stress and organelle dysfunction in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:263-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fan RF, Cao CY, Chen MH, Shi QX, Xu SW. Gga-let-7f-3p promotes apoptosis in selenium deficiency-induced skeletal muscle by targeting selenoprotein K. Metallomics 2019; 10:941-952. [PMID: 29905752 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein K (SELENOK) is primarily observed in the endoplasmic reticulum, and serves to maintain the normal physiological functions of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle development and regeneration are associated with significant changes in the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs). Downregulated SELENOK expression is observed in chicken muscles deficient of Se. However, the mechanisms of miRNA regulation of SELENOK expression remain elusive. Here, deep sequencing was used to detect the miRNA profiles of muscle in Se deficient (-Se group) and normal (C group) chickens. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was adopted to verify the relationship between SELENOK and gga-let-7f-3p. In addition, gga-let-7f-3p was either overexpressed or knocked-down in chicken myoblasts. Furthermore, the cells were treated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to probe the factors involved in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis, respectively. Relative to the C group, there were 132 differentially expressed miRNAs (including 57 upregulated and 75 downregulated) in the muscles of the -Se group. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that SELENOK was a primary target of gga-let-7f-3p. It was also observed that the overexpression or knock-down of gga-let-7f-3p significantly influenced the SELENOK expression. Moreover, NAC blocked mimics of ga-let-7f-3p, thus inducing oxidative stress, ERS and apoptosis. Simultaneously, gga-let-7f-3p inhibitors blocked the stimulant effects caused by H2O2 in chicken myoblasts. Furthermore, Se deficiency downregulated the SELENOK protein expression and induced oxidative stress, ERS and apoptosis in chicken muscles. In conclusion, the gga-let-7f-3p-SELENOK pathway played a pivotal role in Se deficiency mediated muscle injuries through the induction of oxidative stress and ERS, ultimately promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
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Gao Z, Wang H, Zhang B, Wu X, Zhang Y, Ge P, Chi G, Liang J. Trehalose inhibits H 2O 2-induced autophagic death in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via mitigation of ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress and AMPK activation. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1014-1024. [PMID: 30013443 PMCID: PMC6036158 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.25656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process to maintain intracellular homeostasis via removal of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged cellular organelles through lysosome-mediated degradation. Trehalose is often regarded as an autophagy inducer, but we reported previously that it could prevent ischemic insults-induced autophagic death in neurons. Thus, we further investigated in this study whether trehalose could protect human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced lethal autophagy. We found pretreatment with trehalose not only prevented H2O2-induced death in SH-SY5Y cells, but also reversed H2O2-induced upregulation of LC3II, Beclin1 and ATG5 and downregulation of p62. Then, we proved that either autophagy inhibitor 3MA or genetic knockdown of ATG5 prevented H2O2-triggered death in SH-SY5Y cells. These indicated that trehalose could inhibit H2O2-induced autophagic death in SH-SY5Y cells. Further, we found that trehalose inhibited H2O2-induced AMPK activation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, inhibition of AMPK activation with compound C or alleviation of ER stress with chemical chaperone 4-PBA obviously attenuated H2O2-induced changes in autophagy-related proteins. Notably, we found that trehalose inhibited H2O2-induced increase of intracellular ROS and reduction in the activities of CAT and SOD. Consistently, our data revealed as well that mitigation of intracellular ROS levels with antioxidant NAC markedly attenuated H2O2-induced AMPK activation and ER stress. Therefore, we demonstrated in this study that trehalose prevented H2O2-induced autophagic death in SH-SY5Y cells via mitigation of ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress and AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Helei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research center of neuroscience, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianmin Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research center of neuroscience, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Hung CM, Liu LC, Ho CT, Lin YC, Way TD. Pterostilbene Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through the Induction of Death Receptors and Downregulation of Cell Survival Proteins in TRAIL-Resistance Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11179-11191. [PMID: 29164887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) is nontoxic to normal cells and preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells. Recent data suggest that malignant breast cancer cells often become resistant to TRAIL. Pterostilbene (PTER), a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol found in blueberries, is known to induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. In the present study, we examined whether PTER affects TRAIL-induced apoptosis and its mechanism in TRAIL-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Our data indicated that PTER induced apoptosis (14.68 ± 3.78% for 40 μM PTER vs 1.98 ± 0.25% for control, p < 0.01) in TNBC cells and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant TNBC cells (18.45 ± 4.65% for 40 μM PTER vs 29.38 ± 6.35% for combination of 40 μM PTER and 100 ng/mL TRAIL, p < 0.01). We demonstrated that PTER induced death receptors DR5 and DR4 as well as decreased decoy receptor DcR-1 and DcR-2 expression. PTER also decreased the antiapoptotic proteins c-FLIPS/L, Bcl-Xl, Bcl-2, survivin, and XIAP. PTER induced the cleavage of bid protein and caused proapoptotic Bax accumulation. Moreover, we found that PTER induced the expression of DR4 and DR5 through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/ERK 1/2 and p38/C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathways. Overall, our results showed that PTER potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated CHOP activation leading to the expression of DR4 and DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Ying-Chao Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch , Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu L, Chang X, Zhang Y, Wu C, Li R, Tang L, Zhou Z. Fluorochloridone induces primary cultured Sertoli cells apoptosis: Involvement of ROS and intracellular calcium ions-mediated ERK1/2 activation. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:228-237. [PMID: 29248592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorochloridone (FLC) is a widely used pyrrolidone selective herbicide and reported to induce testis injuries in male rats, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, primary-cultured Sertoli cells were exposed to FLC at the concentration of 0-10.00μM to study the mechanism of FLC-induced apoptosis. The roles of ROS, intracellular calcium, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ERK1/2 were looked at with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, ER calcium depleting agent thapsigargin (TG), and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126, respectively. FLC induced dose-dependent apoptosis increase as well as the elevation in levels of ROS, intracellular calcium, and ERK1/2 activation. FLC treatment led to constantly increasing apoptotic rates and ERK1/2 activation over time, while inversed-V shaped change tendencies of ROS and intracellular calcium levels were observed. FLC-induced ROS generation disrupted the intracellular calcium homeostasis by attacking the ER, and the elevated intracellular calcium levels resulted in ERK1/2 over-phosphorylation and consequently promoted Sertoli cell apoptosis. Taken together, ROS and intracellular calcium-mediated ERK1/2 activation led to FLC-induced Sertoli cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Liu
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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14
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Hadley G, Neuhaus AA, Couch Y, Beard DJ, Adriaanse BA, Vekrellis K, DeLuca GC, Papadakis M, Sutherland BA, Buchan AM. The role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response following cerebral ischemia. Int J Stroke 2017; 13:379-390. [PMID: 28776456 DOI: 10.1177/1747493017724584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) hippocampal neurons are resistant to global ischemia, whereas cornu ammonis (CA1) 1 neurons are vulnerable. Hamartin expression in CA3 neurons mediates this endogenous resistance via productive autophagy. Neurons lacking hamartin demonstrate exacerbated endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased cell death. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in CA1 and CA3 regions following global cerebral ischemia, and whether pharmacological modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress or autophagy altered neuronal viability . Methods In vivo: male Wistar rats underwent sham or 10 min of transient global cerebral ischemia. CA1 and CA3 areas were microdissected and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein expression quantified at 3 h and 12 h of reperfusion. In vitro: primary neuronal cultures (E18 Wistar rat embryos) were exposed to 2 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation or normoxia in the presence of an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer (thapsigargin or tunicamycin), an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor (salubrinal or 4-phenylbutyric acid), an autophagy inducer ([4'-(N-diethylamino) butyl]-2-chlorophenoxazine (10-NCP)) or autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine). Results In vivo, decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress protein expression (phospho-eIF2α and ATF4) was observed at 3 h of reperfusion in CA3 neurons following ischemia, and increased in CA1 neurons at 12 h of reperfusion. In vitro, endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers and high doses of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors also increased cell death. Both induction and inhibition of autophagy also increased cell death. Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with neuronal cell death following ischemia. Neither reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress nor induction of autophagy demonstrated neuroprotection in vitro, highlighting their complex role in neuronal biology following ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Hadley
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne Couch
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Beard
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryan A Adriaanse
- 2 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- 2 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michalis Papadakis
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- 1 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,5 Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,6 Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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Liu S, Xin D, Wang L, Zhang T, Bai X, Li T, Xie Y, Xue H, Bo S, Liu D, Wang Z. Therapeutic effects of L-Cysteine in newborn mice subjected to hypoxia-ischemia brain injury via the CBS/H 2S system: Role of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Redox Biol 2017; 13:528-540. [PMID: 28735240 PMCID: PMC5524226 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury is a major cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction. H2S has been shown to protect against hypoxia-induced injury and apoptosis of neurons. L-Cysteine is catalyzed by cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the brain and sequentially produces endogenous H2S. The present study was designed to investigate whether L-Cysteine could attenuate the acute brain injury and improve neurobehavioral outcomes following HI brain injury in neonatal mice by releasing endogenous H2S. L-Cysteine treatment significantly attenuated brain edema and decreased infarct volume and neuronal cell death, as shown by a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, suppression of caspase-3 activation, and reduced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK at 72 h after HI. Additionally, L-Cysteine substantially up-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression. L-Cysteine also decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated pro-apoptotic protein expression. Furthermore, L-Cysteine had long-term effects by protecting against the loss of ipsilateral brain tissue and improving neurobehavioral outcomes. Importantly, pre-treatment with a CBS inhibitor significantly attenuated the neuroprotection of L-Cysteine on HI insult. Thus, L-Cysteine exerts neuroprotection against HI-induced injury in neonates via the CBS/H2S pathway, mediated in part by anti-apoptotic effects and reduced oxidative stress and ER stress. Thus, L-Cysteine may be a promising treatment for HI. L-Cysteine administration at 24 h after HI insult has neuroprotective effect. L-Cysteine administration attenuated HI-induced oxidative stress and ER stress. L-Cysteine administration had long-term effects in improving neurobehavioral function at 14 and 28 days after HI insult. Pre-treatment with a CBS inhibitor significantly attenuated the neuroprotection of L-Cysteine on HI in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Kikuta S, Murai Y, Tanaka E. Activation of cathepsin L contributes to the irreversible depolarization induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. Neurosci Lett 2016; 636:120-126. [PMID: 27818353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) elicits a rapid and irreversible depolarization with a latency of ∼5min in intracellular recordings of hippocampal CA1 neurons in rat slice preparations. In the present study, we examined the role of cathepsin L in the OGD-induced depolarization. OGD-induced depolarizations were irreversible as no recovery of membrane potential was observed. The membrane potential reached 0mV when oxygen and glucose were reintroduced immediately after the onset of the OGD-induced rapid depolarization. The OGD-induced depolarizations became reversible when the slice preparations were pre-incubated with cathepsin L inhibitors (types I and IV at 0.3-2nM and 0.3-30nM, respectively). Moreover, pre-incubation with these cathepsin inhibitors prevented the morphological changes, including swelling of the cell soma and fragmentation of dendrites, observed in control neurons after OGD. These findings suggest that the activation of cathepsin L contributes to the irreversible depolarization produced by OGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kikuta
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaka Murai
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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17
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Siddiqui IJ, Pervaiz N, Abbasi AA. The Parkinson Disease gene SNCA: Evolutionary and structural insights with pathological implication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24475. [PMID: 27080380 PMCID: PMC4832246 DOI: 10.1038/srep24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Alpha synuclein (SNCA) is deemed as a major component of Lewy bodies, a neuropathological feature of PD. Five point mutations in SNCA have been reported so far, responsible for autosomal dominant PD. This study aims to decipher evolutionary and structural insights of SNCA by revealing its sequence and structural evolutionary patterns among sarcopterygians and its paralogous counterparts (SNCB and SNCG). Rate analysis detected strong purifying selection on entire synuclein family. Structural dynamics divulges that during the course of sarcopterygian evolutionary history, the region encompassed 32 to 58 of N-terminal domain of SNCA has acquired its critical functional significance through the epistatic influence of the lineage specific substitutions. In sum, these findings provide an evidence that the region from 32 to 58 of N-terminal lipid binding alpha helix domain of SNCA is the most critical region, not only from the evolutionary perspective but also for the stability and the proper conformation of the protein as well as crucial for the disease pathogenesis, harboring critical interaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Javaid Siddiqui
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nashaiman Pervaiz
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ali Abbasi
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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18
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González K, Gaitán-Espitia J, Font A, Cárdenas CA, González-Aravena M. Expression pattern of heat shock proteins during acute thermal stress in the Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-016-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Triptolide Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries in Rats by Inducing the Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Defense Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:325-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Kodavanti PRS, Royland JE, Moore-Smith DA, Besas J, Richards JE, Beasley TE, Evansky P, Bushnell PJ. Acute and subchronic toxicity of inhaled toluene in male Long-Evans rats: Oxidative stress markers in brain. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:10-9. [PMID: 26343380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are of concern to the EPA, are poorly understood, in part because of insufficient characterization of how human exposure duration impacts VOC effects. Two inhalation studies with multiple endpoints, one acute and one subchronic, were conducted to seek effects of the VOC, toluene, in rats and to compare the effects between acute and subchronic exposures. Adult male Long-Evans rats were exposed to toluene vapor (n=6 per group) at a concentration of 0 or 1019 ± 14 ppm for 6h in the acute study and at 0 ± 0, 10 ± 1.4, 97 ± 7, or 995 ± 43 ppm for 6h/d, 5d/week for 13 weeks in the subchronic study. For the acute study, brains were dissected on ice within 30 min of the end of exposure, while for the subchronic study, brains were dissected 18 h after the last exposure. Frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum were assayed for a variety of oxidative stress (OS) parameters including total aconitase (TA), protein carbonyls, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione transferase (GST), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidants (TAS), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), and NADH ubiquinone reductase (UBIQ-RD) activities using commercially available kits. Following acute exposure, UBIQ-RD, GCS and GRD were increased significantly only in the cerebellum, while TAS was increased in frontal cortex. On the other hand, subchronic exposure affected several OS markers including increases in NQO1 and UBIQ-RD. The effect of subchronic toluene exposure on SOD and TAS was greater in the striatum than in the other brain regions. TA activity (involved in maintaining iron homeostasis and an indicator of DNA damage) was inhibited in striatum and cerebellum, increased in hippocampus, and unchanged in frontal cortex. Protein carbonyls increased significantly in both the frontal cortex and cerebellum. In general, the results showed that acute exposure to toluene affected OS parameters to a lesser extent than did subchronic exposure. These results suggest that toluene exposure induces OS in the brain and this may be a component of an adverse outcome pathway for some of the neurotoxic effects reported following toluene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Neurotoxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Joyce E Royland
- Genetic and Cellular Toxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Debra A Moore-Smith
- Neurotoxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Besas
- Neurotoxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy E Richards
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tracey E Beasley
- Neurotoxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul Evansky
- Inhalation Toxicology Facility, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Philip J Bushnell
- Neurotoxicology Branch, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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21
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Peters JC, Bhattacharya S, Clark AF, Zode GS. Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells and Tissues. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:3860-8. [PMID: 26066753 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma and is accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting from increased aqueous humor outflow resistance through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The pathological mechanisms underlying increased outflow resistance have not been fully delineated. We recently demonstrated that chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the TM is associated with ocular hypertension in mouse models of glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ER stress is also increased in human glaucomatous TM cells and tissues. METHODS Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers including GRP78, GRP94, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were examined by immunohistochemistry in the TM of age-matched normal (n = 18) and open-angle glaucoma donors (n = 18). GRP78, GRP94, activating transcription factor (ATF)-4, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1alpha (ERO-1α), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (EIF-2α), and CHOP were examined by Western blot analysis in TM tissue lysates from age-matched normal (n = 4) and POAG donors (n = 5). In addition, ER stress markers were examined in primary TM cells isolated from normal (n = 4 NTM) and glaucoma (n = 4 GTM) human donors. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in GRP78 and GRP94 in the glaucomatous TM (n = 18) compared to normal TM (P < 0.0001, n = 18). Interestingly, there was minimum CHOP immunostaining observed in normal TM tissues. However, there was a 3-fold increase in CHOP levels in the glaucomatous TM (P < 0.0001; n = 18), indicating the presence of chronic ER stress in the glaucomatous TM. Western blot analysis of TM tissue lysates also demonstrated increased ER stress markers in the glaucomatous TM tissues including GRP78, GRP94, ATF-4, ERO-1α, and CHOP. Densitometric analysis of Western blots showed a significant increase in ATF-4, ERO-1α, and CHOP expression in the glaucomatous TM (n = 5) compared to age-matched normal TM (n = 4). In addition, primary TM cells obtained from glaucoma donors demonstrated increased ER stress markers including increased GRP78, GRP94, ATF-4, ERO-1α, and CHOP compared to normal TM cells. However, glaucomatous TM cells did not show splicing of XBP-1, a marker of unfolded protein response pathway. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate the presence of chronic ER stress in human glaucomatous TM tissues and cells and further suggest that ER stress pathway may provide a novel target for developing disease-modifying glaucoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Peters
- Department of Cell Biology & Immunology and the North Texas Eye Research Institute University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- Department of Cell Biology & Immunology and the North Texas Eye Research Institute University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Gulab S Zode
- Department of Cell Biology & Immunology and the North Texas Eye Research Institute University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Wang H, Shao Y, Zhang W, Li C, Lv Z, Jin C. Molecular characterization of two novel molecular chaperones in bacterial-challenged Apostichopus japonicus. Gene 2015; 570:141-9. [PMID: 26072161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) are involved in protein folding and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Increasing evidences also suggest that these two molecules play an important role in immune response. In the present study, we cloned and characterized GRP78 and PDI genes from Apostichopus japonicus by RNA-seq and RACE approaches (designated as AjGRP78 and AjPDI, respectively). The AjGRP78 cDNA was of 2355bp including an open reading frame (ORF) of 2013 bp encoding a protein of 670 amino acids with three heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family signatures. AjGRP78 contained a 23-amino acid signal peptide at the N-terminus and a HDEL motif at the C-terminus, which supported the location of the protein in the ER. The full length cDNA of AjPDI was of 1893 bp with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 153 bp, a 3' UTR of 228 bp and an ORF of 1512 bp encoding a protein of 503 amino acids. A 17-amino acid signal peptide, two thioredoxin domains with two active sites of CGHC, and KDEL retention signal were totally conserved in the deduced amino acid of AjPDI. Phylogenic analysis and multiple alignments have shown that both genes shared remarkably higher degree of structural conservation and sequence identities with other counterparts from invertebrates and vertebrates, further supporting that the two proteins were novel members of molecular chaperone family. Spatial expression analysis revealed that AjGRP78 mRNA transcripts were dominantly expressed in the tentacle, while AjPDI mRNA levels were abundant in the muscle, intestine and respiratory trees. For Vibrio splendidus challenged sea cucumber, the peak expression of AjGRP78 and AjPDI mRNAs in coelomocytes were detected at 24h with 1.73-fold increase and at 6h with 1.83-fold increase compared with the control group, respectively. Similarly, a significant increase in the relative mRNA levels of AjGRP78 and AjPDI was also identified in 1 μg mL(-1) LPS exposed primary cultured coelomocytes. These results collectively suggested that AjGRP78 and AjPDI were ER chaperones of A. japonicus, of which expression is induced upon bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Chunhua Jin
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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Chen SD, Lin TK, Yang DI, Lee SY, Shaw FZ, Liou CW, Chuang YC. Roles of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 in transient global ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:397-403. [PMID: 25791474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that increased mitochondrial fission is an early event of cell death during cerebral ischemia and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) plays an important role in mitochondrial fission, which may be regulated by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitochondrial serine/threonine-protein kinase thought to protect cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate mitochondrial fission. However, the roles of PINK1 and Drp1 in hippocampal injury caused by transient global ischemia (TGI) remain unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that TGI may induce PINK1 causing downregulation of Drp1 phosphorylation to enhance hippocampal neuronal survival, thus functioning as an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism. We found progressively increased PINK1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 subfield1-48 h following TGI, reaching the maximal level at 4 h. Despite lack of changes in the expression level of total Drp1 and phosphor-Drp1 at Ser637, TGI induced a time-dependent increase of Drp1 phosphorlation at Ser616 that peaked after 24 h. Notably, PINK1-siRNA increased p-Drp1(Ser616) protein level in hippocampal CA1 subfield 24 h after TGI. The PINK1 siRNA also aggravated the TGI-induced oxidative DNA damage with an increased 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content in hippocampal CA1 subfield. Furthermore, PINK1 siRNA also augmented TGI-induced apoptosis as evidenced by the increased numbers of TUNEL-positive staining and enhanced DNA fragmentation. These findings indicated that PINK1 is an endogenous protective mediator vital for neuronal survival under ischemic insult through regulating Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ying Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
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McFadden JW, Aja S, Li Q, Bandaru VVR, Kim EK, Haughey NJ, Kuhajda FP, Ronnett GV. Increasing fatty acid oxidation remodels the hypothalamic neurometabolome to mitigate stress and inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115642. [PMID: 25541737 PMCID: PMC4277346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of hypothalamic fatty acid (FA) metabolism can improve energy homeostasis and prevent hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) from a diet high in saturated fatty acids. We have shown previously that C75, a stimulator of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) and fatty acid oxidation (FAOx), exerts at least some of its hypophagic effects via neuronal mechanisms in the hypothalamus. In the present work, we characterized the effects of C75 and another anorexigenic compound, the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) inhibitor FSG67, on FA metabolism, metabolomics profiles, and metabolic stress responses in cultured hypothalamic neurons and hypothalamic neuronal cell lines during lipid excess with palmitate. Both compounds enhanced palmitate oxidation, increased ATP, and inactivated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hypothalamic neurons in vitro. Lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics revealed that enhanced catabolism of FA decreased palmitate availability and prevented the production of fatty acylglycerols, ceramides, and cholesterol esters, lipids that are associated with lipotoxicity-provoked metabolic stress. This improved metabolic signature was accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and yet favorable changes in oxidative stress, overt ER stress, and inflammation. We propose that enhancing FAOx in hypothalamic neurons exposed to excess lipids promotes metabolic remodeling that reduces local inflammatory and cell stress responses. This shift would restore mitochondrial function such that increased FAOx can produce hypothalamic neuronal ATP and lead to decreased food intake and body weight to improve systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. McFadden
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Qun Li
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Veera V. R. Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francis P. Kuhajda
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriele V. Ronnett
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Prakash A, Kumar A. Implicating the role of lycopene in restoration of mitochondrial enzymes and BDNF levels in β-amyloid induced Alzheimer׳s disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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KIM YONA, GOO JUNSEO, KIM ILYONG, KIM JIEUN, KWAK MOONHWA, GO JUN, SHIM SUNBO, HONG JINTAE, HWANG DAEYOUN, SEONG JEKYUNG. Identification of the responsible proteins for increased selenium bioavailability in the brain of transgenic rats overexpressing selenoprotein M. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1688-98. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhao X, Liu X, Su L. Parthenolide induces apoptosis via TNFRSF10B and PMAIP1 pathways in human lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:3. [PMID: 24387758 PMCID: PMC3892099 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone which can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and eradicate cancer stem cells such as leukemia stem cells, prostate tumor-initiating cells and so on. However, the mechanism remains largely unclear. Methods Lung cancer cells were treated with parthenolide and the cell lysates were prepared to detect the given proteins by Western Blot analysis, and the cell survival was assayed by SRB and MTT assay. Cell cycle was evaluated by DNA flow cytometry analysis. TNFRSF10B, PMAIP1, ATF4 and DDIT3 genes were knocked down by siRNA technique. Apoptosis was evaluated by using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Results Parthenolide (PTL) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, PTL treatment in NSCLC cells increases expression of TNFRSF10B/DR5 and PMAIP1/NOXA. Silencing of TNFRSF10B or PMAIP1 or overexpression of CFLAR /c-FLIP (long form) could protect cells from PTL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, PTL could increase the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress hallmarks such as ERN1, HSPA5, p-EIF2A, ATF4 and DDIT3. Knockdown of ATF4 and DDIT3 abrogated PTL-induced apoptosis, which suggested that PTL induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. More importantly, we found that ATF4, DDIT3, TNFRSF10B and PMAIP1 were up-regulated more intensively, while CFLAR and MCL1 were down-regulated more dramatically by PTL in A549/shCDH1 cells than that in control cells, suggesting that PTL preferred to kill cancer stem cell-like cells by activating more intensive ER stress response in cancer stem cell-like cells. Conclusion We showed that parthenolide not only triggered extrinsic apoptosis by up-regulating TNFRSF10B and down-regulating CFLAR, but also induced intrinsic apoptosis through increasing the expression of PMAIP1 and decreasing the level of MCL1 in NSCLC cells. In addition, parthenolide triggered stronger ER stress response in cancer stem cell-like cells which leads to its preference in apoptotic induction. In summary, PTL induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South RD, Jinan 250100, P,R, China.
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Caldeira MV, Salazar IL, Curcio M, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in brain ischemia: friend or foe? Prog Neurobiol 2013; 112:50-69. [PMID: 24157661 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a catalytic machinery that targets numerous cellular proteins for degradation, thus being essential to control a wide range of basic cellular processes and cell survival. Degradation of intracellular proteins via the UPS is a tightly regulated process initiated by tagging a target protein with a specific ubiquitin chain. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to any change in protein composition, and therefore the UPS is a key regulator of neuronal physiology. Alterations in UPS activity may induce pathological responses, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Brain ischemia triggers a complex series of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, such as an inflammatory response, an exacerbated production of misfolded and oxidized proteins, due to oxidative stress, and the breakdown of cellular integrity mainly mediated by excitotoxic glutamatergic signaling. Brain ischemia also damages protein degradation pathways which, together with the overproduction of damaged proteins and consequent upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins, contribute to the accumulation of ubiquitin-containing proteinaceous deposits. Despite recent advances, the factors leading to deposition of such aggregates after cerebral ischemic injury remain poorly understood. This review discusses the current knowledge on the role of the UPS in brain function and the molecular mechanisms contributing to UPS dysfunction in brain ischemia with consequent accumulation of ubiquitin-containing proteins. Chemical inhibitors of the proteasome and small molecule inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes, which promote the degradation of proteins by the proteasome, were both shown to provide neuroprotection in brain ischemia, and this apparent contradiction is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida V Caldeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Portugal
| | - Michele Curcio
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhang F, Yin W, Chen J. Apoptosis in cerebral ischemia: executional and regulatory signaling mechanisms. Neurol Res 2013; 26:835-45. [PMID: 15727267 DOI: 10.1179/016164104x3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, often in the form of apoptosis, is an important contributing mechanism in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Depending on the severity of the insult and the stage of the injury, the executional pathways that are directly responsible for cell death and the signaling mechanisms that participate in the regulation of these death pathways may vary. It is likely that molecular or pharmacological targeting of the upstream signaling mechanisms that control the death executional pathways may offer opportunities for more complete and long-term neuroprotection. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of the executional and regulatory signaling mechanisms in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Loss of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis: contribution to neuronal cell death during cerebral ischemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:49-59. [PMID: 23103622 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of Ca(2+) homeostasis during cerebral ischemia is a hallmark of impending neuronal demise. Accordingly, considerable cellular resources are expended in maintaining low resting cytosolic levels of Ca(2+). These include contributions by a host of proteins involved in the sequestration and transport of Ca(2+), many of which are expressed within intracellular organelles, including lysosomes, mitochondria as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca(2+) sequestration by the ER contributes to cytosolic Ca(2+) dynamics and homeostasis. Furthermore, within the ER Ca(2+) plays a central role in regulating a host of physiological processes. Conversely, impaired ER Ca(2+) homeostasis is an important trigger of pathological processes. Here we review a growing body of evidence suggesting that ER dysfunction is an important factor contributing to neuronal injury and loss post-ischemia. Specifically, the contribution of the ER to cytosolic Ca(2+) elevations during ischemia will be considered, as will the signalling cascades recruited as a consequence of disrupting ER homeostasis and function.
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Sanderson TH, Reynolds CA, Kumar R, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M. Molecular mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury in brain: pivotal role of the mitochondrial membrane potential in reactive oxygen species generation. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:9-23. [PMID: 23011809 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke and circulatory arrest cause interferences in blood flow to the brain that result in considerable tissue damage. The primary method to reduce or prevent neurologic damage to patients suffering from brain ischemia is prompt restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. However, paradoxically, restoration of blood flow causes additional damage and exacerbates neurocognitive deficits among patients who suffer a brain ischemic event. Mitochondria play a critical role in reperfusion injury by producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) thereby damaging cellular components, and initiating cell death. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS generation during reperfusion, and specifically, the role the mitochondrial membrane potential plays in the pathology of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Additionally, we propose a temporal model of ROS generation in which posttranslational modifications of key oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) proteins caused by ischemia induce a hyperactive state upon reintroduction of oxygen. Hyperactive OxPhos generates high mitochondrial membrane potentials, a condition known to generate excessive ROS. Such a state would lead to a "burst" of ROS upon reperfusion, thereby causing structural and functional damage to the mitochondria and inducing cell death signaling that eventually culminate in tissue damage. Finally, we propose that strategies aimed at modulating this maladaptive hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential may be a novel therapeutic intervention and present specific studies demonstrating the cytoprotective effect of this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Muratsu-Ikeda S, Nangaku M, Ikeda Y, Tanaka T, Wada T, Inagi R. Downregulation of miR-205 modulates cell susceptibility to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses in renal tubular cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41462. [PMID: 22859986 PMCID: PMC3408438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play a crucial role in tubular damage in both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the pathophysiological contribution of microRNAs (miRNA) to renal damage has also been highlighted, the effect of miRNA on renal damage under oxidative and ER stresses conditions remains elusive. METHODS We assessed changes in miRNA expression in the cultured renal tubular cell line HK-2 under hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress or ER stress using miRNA microarray assay and real-time RT-PCR. The pathophysiological effect of miRNA was evaluated by cell survival rate, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and anti-oxidant enzyme expression in miRNA-inhibited HK-2 or miRNA-overexpressed HK-2 under these stress conditions. The target gene of miRNA was identified by 3'-UTR-luciferase assay. RESULTS We identified 8 and 10 miRNAs whose expression was significantly altered by oxidative and ER stresses, respectively. Among these, expression of miR-205 was markedly decreased in both stress conditions. Functional analysis revealed that decreased miR-205 led to an increase in cell susceptibility to oxidative and ER stresses, and that this increase was associated with the induction of intracellular ROS and suppression of anti-oxidant enzymes. While increased miR-205 by itself made no change in cell growth or morphology, cell viability under oxidative or ER stress conditions was partially restored. Further, miR-205 bound to the 3'-UTR of the prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1/EGLN2) gene and suppressed the transcription level of EGLN2, which modulates both intracellular ROS level and ER stress state. CONCLUSIONS miR-205 serves a protective role against both oxidative and ER stresses via the suppression of EGLN2 and subsequent decrease in intracellular ROS. miR-205 may represent a novel therapeutic target in AKI and CKD associated with oxidative or ER stress in tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyo Muratsu-Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MN); (RI)
| | - Yoichiro Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MN); (RI)
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AGEs Induce Cell Death via Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stresses in Both Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells and Rat Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:1299-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhao G, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xu Y. Knockdown of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) following cerebral ischemic reperfusion: the pros and cons. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:146-55. [PMID: 22580330 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NADPH derived from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been implicated not only to promote reduced glutathione (GSH) but also enhance oxidative stress in specific cellular conditions. In this study, the effects of G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) was examined on the CA1 pyramidal neurons following transient cerebral ischemia. Specifically knockdown of G6PD protein expression in hippocampus CA1 subregion at early reperfusion period (1-24 h) with a strategy to pre-treated G6PD AS-ODNs significantly reduced G6PD activity and NADPH level, an effect correlated with attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production. Concomitantly, pre-treatment of G6PD AS-ODNs markedly reduced oxidative DNA damage and the delayed neuronal cell death in rat hippocampal CA1 region induced by global cerebral ischemia. By contrast, knockdown of G6PD protein at late reperfusion period (48-96 h) increased oxidative DNA damage and exacerbated the ischemia-induced neuronal cell death in hippocampal CA1 region, an effect associated with reduced NADPH level and GSH/GSSG ratio. These findings indicate that G6PD not only plays a role in oxidative neuronal damage but also a neuroprotective role during different ischemic reperfusion period. Therefore, G6PD mediated oxidative response and redox regulation in the hippocampal CA1 act as the two sides of the same coin and may represent two potential applications of G6PD during different stage of cerebral ischemic reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
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Mahfoudh-Boussaid A, Zaouali MA, Hadj-Ayed K, Miled AH, Saidane-Mosbahi D, Rosello-Catafau J, Ben Abdennebi H. Ischemic preconditioning reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulates hypoxia inducible factor-1α in ischemic kidney: the role of nitric oxide. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:7. [PMID: 22252226 PMCID: PMC3398272 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although recent studies indicate that renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the precise protective mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated whether early IPC could upregulate hypoxia inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and could reduce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after renal I/R and whether pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production would abolish these protective effects. Methods Kidneys of Wistar rats were subjected to 60 min of warm ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion (I/R group), or to 2 preceding cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion (IPC group), or to intravenously injection of NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 5 mg/kg) 5 min before IPC (L-NAME+IPC group). The results of these experimental groups were compared to those of a sham-operated group. Sodium reabsorption rate, creatinine clearance, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, tissues concentrations of malonedialdehyde (MDA), HIF-1α and nitrite/nitrate were determined. In addition, Western blot analyses were performed to identify the amounts of Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and ER stress parameters. Results IPC decreased cytolysis, lipid peroxidation and improved renal function. Parallely, IPC enhanced Akt phosphorylation, eNOS, nitrite/nitrate and HIF-1α levels as compared to I/R group. Moreover, our results showed that IPC increased the relative amounts of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and decreased those of RNA activated protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and TNF-receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) as judged to I/R group. However, pre treatment with L-NAME abolished these beneficial effects of IPC against renal I/R insults. Conclusion These findings suggest that early IPC protects kidney against renal I/R injury via reducing oxidative and ER stresses. These effects are associated with phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS activation and NO production contributing thus to HIF-1α stabilization. The beneficial impact of IPC was abolished when NO production is inhibited before IPC application.
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Guggulsterone sensitizes hepatoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the induction of CHOP-dependent DR5: involvement of ROS-dependent ER-stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1641-50. [PMID: 21903093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Guggulsterone (GGS) has anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis potential by suppressing nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 activity. Although GGS has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for treating various cancers, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether GGS sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) to apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). The apoptotic mechanism induced by treatment with a GGS/TRAIL combination involved the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and consequent activation of caspases. GGS also induced upregulation of the death receptor DR5 for TRAIL. The effects seemed to be associated with eIF2α and CHOP activation, which are related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and apoptosis. This relationship was suggested by the observation that CHOP downregulation by specific siRNA attenuated both GGS-mediated DR5 upregulation and the cytotoxicity induced by GGS/TRAIL co-treatment. Moreover, salubrinal, a specific eIF-2α phosphorylation-inducing agent, enhanced the expression of CHOP and DR5 induced by GGS and sensitized cells to GGS/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, GGS-induced eIF2α phosphorylation seems to be important for CHOP and DR5 upregulation. Furthermore, these events were accompanied by an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione inhibited GGS-induced ER-stress, and CHOP and DR5 upregulation and almost completely blocked GGS/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results collectively indicate that DR5 induction via eIF-2α and CHOP is crucial for the marked synergistic effects induced by TRAIL and GGS. Taken together, these results indicate that a GGS/TRAIL combination could represent a novel important tool for cancer therapy.
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Srinivasan K, Sharma SS. Edaravone Offers Neuroprotection in a Diabetic Stroke Model via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:133-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chen SD, Lin TK, Lin JW, Yang DI, Lee SY, Shaw FZ, Liou CW, Chuang YC. Activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α signaling pathway protects against neuronal injury and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient global ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2011; 88:3144-54. [PMID: 20799369 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Delayed neuronal cell death occurs in the vulnerable CA1 subfield of the hippocampus after transient global ischemia (TGI). We demonstrated previously, based on an experimental model of TGI, that the significantly increased content of oxidized proteins in hippocampal CA1 neuron was observed as early as 30 min after TGI, followed by augmentation of PGC-1α expression at 1 hr, as well as up-regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and superoxide dismutases 2 (SOD2). Using the same animal model, the present study investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) and PGC-1α in delayed neuronal cell death and mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus. In Sprague-Dawley rats, significantly increased expression of nuclear CaMKIV was noted in the hippocampal CA1 subfield as early as 15 min after TGI. In addition, the index of mitochondrial biogenesis, including a mitochondrial DNA-encoded polypeptide, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), and mitochondrial number significantly increased in the hippocampal CA1 subfield 4 hr after TGI. Application bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 subfield of an inhibitor of CaMKIV, KN-93, 30 min before TGI attenuated both CaMKIV and PGC-1α expression, followed by down-regulation of UCP2 and SOD2, decrease of COX1 expression and mitochondrial number, heightened protein oxidation, and enhanced hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage. This study provides correlative evidence for the neuroprotective cascade of CaMKIV/PGC-1α which implicates at least in part the mitochondrial antioxidants UCP2 and SOD2 as well as mitochondrial biogenesis in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Miyazaki Y, Kaikita K, Endo M, Horio E, Miura M, Tsujita K, Hokimoto S, Yamamuro M, Iwawaki T, Gotoh T, Ogawa H, Oike Y. C/EBP homologous protein deficiency attenuates myocardial reperfusion injury by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1124-32. [PMID: 21330607 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether and how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated pathway regulates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type and chop-deficient mice underwent 50 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Expression of chop and spliced x-box binding protein-1 (sxbp1) mRNA was rapidly and significantly increased in reperfused myocardium of wild-type mice. chop-deficient mice exhibited markedly reduced injury size after reperfusion compared with wild-type mice, accompanied by a decreasing number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, myocardial inflammation, as assessed by expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells, was also attenuated in chop-deficient mice. Moreover, expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in response to lipopolysaccharide was enhanced by simultaneous stimulation with thapsigargin, a potent ER stressor, in wild-type cardiomyocytes but not in chop-deficient cardiomyocytes. Finally, we found that superoxide was produced in reperfused myocardium and that intravenous administration of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, immediately before reperfusion significantly suppressed the superoxide overproduction and subsequent expression of sxbp1 and chop mRNA, followed by reduced injury size in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS The ER stress-induced, CHOP-mediated pathway, which is activated in part by superoxide overproduction after reperfusion, exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyazaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Post-treatment of Bax-inhibiting peptide reduces neuronal death and behavioral deficits following global cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:224-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Murotomi K, Takagi N, Takeo S, Tanonaka K. NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative damage to proteins in the postsynaptic density after transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 46:681-8. [PMID: 21262362 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is an important source of superoxide in the central nervous system. Although NADPH oxidase is localized near the postsynaptic site in neurons, little is known about the pathophysiological role of NADPH oxidase in synapses after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of NADPH oxidase in oxidative damage to postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins, which were isolated from rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The amounts of carbonylated PSD proteins were increased after transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This change was accompanied by an increase in the level of NADPH oxidase subunits in the PSD. The administration of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, attenuated both the protein carbonylation in the PSD and cerebral infarct volume. We further demonstrated that the decreases seen in the amounts of PSD-associated proteins, such as neuroligin, N-cadherin, and SAP102, in the PSD were prevented by treatment with apocynin. These results suggest that pronounced activation of NADPH oxidase in the PSD after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion may be related to the focal oxidative damage to synaptic functions and subsequent development of ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Yoon MY, Hwang JH, Park JH, Lee MR, Kim HJ, Park E, Park HR. Neuroprotective Effects of SG-168 Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. J Med Food 2011; 14:120-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Biological Information Research Center, Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jae-Hee Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Masan, Republic of Korea
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Protein misfolding induces hypoxic preconditioning via a subset of the unfolded protein response machinery. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:5033-42. [PMID: 20733002 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00922-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cellular hypoxia results in energy failure and ultimately cell death. However, less-severe hypoxia can induce a cytoprotective response termed hypoxic preconditioning (HP). The unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) has been known for some time to respond to hypoxia and regulate hypoxic sensitivity; however, the role of the UPR, if any, in HP essentially has been unexplored. We have shown previously that a sublethal hypoxic exposure of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans induces a protein chaperone component of the UPR (L. L. Anderson, X. Mao, B. A. Scott, and C. M. Crowder, Science 323:630-633, 2009). Here, we show that HP induces the UPR and that the pharmacological induction of misfolded proteins is itself sufficient to stimulate a delayed protective response to hypoxic injury that requires the UPR pathway proteins IRE-1, XBP-1, and ATF-6. HP also required IRE-1 but not XBP-1 or ATF-6; instead, GCN-2, which is known to suppress translation and induce an adaptive transcriptional response under conditions of UPR activation or amino acid deprivation, was required for HP. The phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α, an established mechanism of GCN-2-mediated translational suppression, was not necessary for HP. These data suggest a model where hypoxia-induced misfolded proteins trigger the activation of IRE-1, which along with GCN-2 controls an adaptive response that is essential to HP.
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Abstract
The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a separate intracellular compartment with a special proteome and metabolome. The redox conditions of the organelle are also characteristically different from those of the other subcellular compartments. The luminal environment has been considered more oxidizing than the cytosol due to the presence of oxidative protein folding. However, recent observations suggest that redox systems in reduced and oxidized states are present simultaneously. The concerted action of membrane transporters and oxidoreductase enzymes maintains the oxidized state of the thiol-disulfide and the reduced state of the pyridine nucleotide redox systems, which are prerequisites for the normal redox reactions localized in the organelle. The powerful thiol-oxidizing machinery of oxidative protein folding continuously challenges the local antioxidant defense. Alterations of the luminal redox conditions, either in oxidizing or reducing direction, affect protein processing, are sensed by the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins, and may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. The activated signaling pathways attempt to restore the balance between protein loading and processing and induce programmed cell death if these attempts fail. Recent findings strongly support the involvement of redox-based endoplasmic reticulum stress in a plethora of human diseases, either as causative agents or as complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Nosyreva E, Kavalali ET. Activity-dependent augmentation of spontaneous neurotransmission during endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Neurosci 2010; 30:7358-68. [PMID: 20505103 PMCID: PMC2892630 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5358-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential cellular compartment responsible for Ca(2+) sequestration, signaling, protein translation, folding as well as transport. Several acute and chronic disease conditions impair ER function leading to ER stress. To study the impact of ER stress on synaptic transmission we applied tunicamycin (TM) or thapsigargin (TG) to hippocampal neurons, which triggered sustained elevation of key ER stress markers. We monitored evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission during 4 d of TM or TG treatment and detected only a 20% increase in paired pulse depression suggesting an increase in neurotransmitter release probability. However, the treatments did not significantly affect the number of active synapses or the size of the total recycling vesicle pool as measured by uptake and release of styryl dye FM1-43. In contrast, under the same conditions, we observed a dramatic fourfold increase in spontaneous excitatory transmission, which could be reversed by chronic treatment with the NMDA receptor blocker AP-5 or by treatment with salubrinal, a selective inhibitor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha) dephosphorylation. Furthermore, ER stress caused NMDA receptor-dependent suppression of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2) phosphorylation thus reversing downstream signaling mediated by spontaneous release. Together, these findings suggest that chronic ER stress augments spontaneous excitatory neurotransmission and reverses its downstream signaling in a NMDA receptor-dependent manner, which may contribute to neuronal circuitry abnormalities that precede synapse degeneration in several neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ege T. Kavalali
- Departments of Neuroscience and
- Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
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Konsavage W, Zhang L, Vary T, Shenberger JS. Hyperoxia inhibits protein synthesis and increases eIF2α phosphorylation in the newborn rat lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 298:L678-86. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00262.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia contributes to aberrant lung growth in premature infants. Of the deleterious effects induced by hyperoxia, alterations in protein synthesis are likely to be of great importance to the developing lung. Regulation of mRNA translation occurs predominantly at the level of initiation via control of mRNA/ribosome binding by proteins known as eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF). Although hyperoxia is known to suppress mRNA translation in adult lungs, little is known regarding the effects in newborns or the involved mechanism. This study was performed to determine the effect of exposure to 95% O2 on pulmonary protein synthesis in 4-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. We found that hyperoxia suppressed the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into lung protein over time, resulting in a 23% reduction after 72 h compared with pups reared in room air. This effect was preceded by a shift in total lung RNA to lower order polysomes. Hyperoxia increased eIF4G-eIF4E binding, a surrogate maker of eIF4F complex assembly, and initially activated, then suppressed, the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 and ribosomal S6 protein, downstream targets of mammalian target of rapamycin. Exposure to 95% O2 enhanced the phosphorylation of the translational repressor eIF2α in whole lung extracts and the immunoreactivity of phosphorylated eIF2α in epithelial cells. Cell culture studies further demonstrated that hyperoxia increases eIF2α phosphorylation in lung epithelial cells, but not in lung fibroblasts. These findings illustrate that hyperoxia-induced suppression of mRNA translation in the newborn lung is accompanied by increased phosphorylation of eIF2α in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Vary
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S. Shenberger
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey Pennsylvania
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Chen SD, Lin TK, Yang DI, Lee SY, Shaw FZ, Liou CW, Chuang YC. Protective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma coactivator-1alpha against neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient global ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:605-13. [PMID: 19774674 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) may regulate the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system under many neuropathological settings. However, the exact role of PGC-1alpha in ischemic brain damage is still under debate. Based on an experimental model of transient global ischemia (TGI), this study evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of PGC-1alpha signaling pathway protects hippocampal CA1 neurons against delayed neuronal death after TGI. In Sprague-Dawley rats, significantly increased content of oxidized proteins in the hippocampal CA1 tissue was observed as early as 30 min after TGI, followed by augmentation of PGC-1alpha expression at 1 hr. Expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and superoxide dismutases 2 (SOD2) in the hippocampal CA1 neurons was upregulated 4-48 hr after TGI. In addition, knock-down of PGC-1alpha expression by pretreatment with a specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide in the hippocampal CA1 subfield downregulated the expression of UCP2 and SOD2 with resultant exacerbation of oxidative stress and augmentation of delayed neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after TGI. Overall, our results indicate that PGC-1alpha is induced by cerebral ischemia leading to upregulation of UCP2 and SOD2, thereby providing a neuroprotective effect against ischemic brain injury in the hippocampus by ameliorating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Duan SR, Wang JX, Wang J, Xu R, Zhao JK, Wang DS. Ischemia induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in human brain. Neurosci Lett 2010; 475:132-5. [PMID: 20347937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis take place around cerebral infarction areas during ischemia, which presumably protect tissues from necroses-induced injury as well as promote cells toward death. We examined whether these pathological changes, especially temporal occurrence, were present in patients who suffered from cerebral ischemia. The studies by immunohistochemistry show that ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and caspase-9 elevate around infarction areas. The experiments by terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) illustrate that TUNEL-positive cells are higher around infarction tissues than controls. Moreover, GRP78, caspase-9 and TUNEL cells emerge one after another during ischemia. In conclusion, ER stress, apoptosis initiation and DNA fragment develop sequentially in ischemic human brain. ER stress during excessive ischemia stimulates apoptotic cell death beyond activating a defense for nerve cells being away from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
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Li J, Wang C, Zhang JH, Cai JM, Cao YP, Sun XJ. Hydrogen-rich saline improves memory function in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease by reduction of oxidative stress. Brain Res 2010; 1328:152-61. [PMID: 20171955 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study is to examine if hydrogen-rich saline reduced amyloid beta (Abeta) induced neural inflammation, and learning and memory deficits in a rat model. S-D male rats (n=84, 280-330g) were divided into three groups, sham-operated, Abeta1-42 injected and Abeta1-42 plus hydrogen-rich saline-treated animals. Hydrogen-rich saline (5ml/kg, i.p., daily) was injected for 14days after intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta1-42. The levels of MDA, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were assessed by biochemical and ELISA analysis. Morris Water Maze and open field task were used to assess the memory dysfunction and motor dysfunction, respectively. LTP were used to detect the electrophysiology changes, HNE and GFAP immunohistochemistry were used to assess the oxidative stress and glial cell activation. After Abeta1-42 injection, the levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were increased in brain tissues and hydrogen-rich saline treatment suppressed MDA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha concentration. Hydrogen-rich saline treatment improved Morris Water Maze and enhanced LTP in hippocampus blocked by Abeta1-42. Furthermore, hydrogen-rich saline treatment also decreased the immunoreactivitiy of HNE and GFAP in hippocampus induced by Abeta1-42. In conclusion, hydrogen-rich saline prevented Abeta-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which may contribute to the improvement of memory dysfunction in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, PR China
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