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Stie MB, Cunha C, Huang Z, Kirkensgaard JJK, Tuelung PS, Wan F, Nielsen HM, Foderà V, Rønholt S. A head-to-head comparison of polymer interaction with mucin from porcine stomach and bovine submaxillary glands. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21350. [PMID: 39266622 PMCID: PMC11393313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Native mucus is heterogeneous, displays high inter-individual variation and is prone to changes during harvesting and storage. To overcome the lack of reproducibility and availability of native mucus, commercially available purified mucins, porcine gastric mucin (PGM) and mucin from bovine submaxillary gland (BSM), have been widely used. However, the question is to which extent the choice of mucin matters in studies of their interaction with polymers as their composition, structure and hence physicochemical properties differ. Accordingly, the interactions between PGM or BSM with two widely used polymers in drug delivery, polyethylene oxide and chitosan, was studied with orthogonal methods: turbidity, dynamic light scattering, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Polymer binding and adsorption to the two commercially available and purified mucins, PGM and BSM, is different depending on the mucin type. PEO, known to interact weakly with mucin, only displayed limited interaction with both mucins as confirmed by all employed methods. In contrast, chitosan was able to bind to both PGM and BSM. Interestingly, the results suggest that chitosan interacts with BSM to a greater extent than with PGM indicating that the choice of mucin, PGM or BSM, can affect the outcome of studies of mucin interactions with polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Bay Stie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cristiana Cunha
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Sønderby Tuelung
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Rønholt
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Contarato JLA, Barbalho GN, Cunha-Filho M, Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T. Applying Different Conditions in the OphthalMimic Device Using Polymeric and Hydrogel-Based Hybrid Membranes to Evaluate Gels and Nanostructured Ophthalmic Formulations. Gels 2024; 10:538. [PMID: 39195067 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The OphthalMimic is a 3D-printed device that simulates human ocular conditions with artificial lacrimal flow, cul-de-sac area, moving eyelid, and a surface to interact with ophthalmic formulations. All tests with such a device have used a continuous artificial tear flow rate of 1 mL/min for 5 min. Here, we implemented protocol variations regarding the application time and simulated tear flow to increase the test's discrimination and achieve reliable performance results. The new protocols incorporated the previously evaluated 0.2% fluconazole formulations containing or not chitosan as a mucoadhesive component (PLX16CS10 and PLX16, respectively) and novel moxifloxacin 5% formulations, either in a conventional formulation and a microemulsion (CONTROL and NEMOX, respectively). The flow rate was reduced by 50%, and a pre-flow application period was also included to allow formulation interaction with the membrane. The OphthalMimic model was used with both polymeric and hydrogel-based hybrid membranes, including a simulated eyelid. Lowering the flow made it feasible to prolong the testing duration, enhancing device discrimination potential. The hydrogel membrane was adequate for testing nanostructure formulations. The OphthalMimic device demonstrated once again to be a versatile method for evaluating the performance of ophthalmic drug formulations with the potential of reducing the use of animals for experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonad L A Contarato
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Geisa N Barbalho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
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Maehara H, Mukai R, Iitaka Y, Sekiryu T. Efficacy of 3% diquafosol long-acting eye drops in dry eye patients treated for three months. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68:338-345. [PMID: 38795194 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-024-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in the ocular surface and subjective symptoms during a three months administration of 3% diquafosol long-acting (DQL) eye drops. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS DQL eye drops were administered as the sole treatment for all patients, including those in the group where DQL eye drops were newly prescribed (New DQL) and the group who switched from 3% diquafosol (DQS) eye drops (Switched DQL) in this prospective study. Each group underwent assessment of tear meniscus height (TMH), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), fluorescein score, and Schirmer 1 test before DQL administration, at one month, and at three months. Changes in ocular surface scores and subjective symptoms at each time point were analyzed. RESULTS The study included a total of 63 eyes of 63 patients, with a mean age of 60.3 ±14.6 (SD). Among them, 29 patients (20 women) were in the New DQL group, and 34 patients (24 women) were in the Switched DQL group. Both the New DQL and Switched DQL groups showed significant improvements in TMH, OSDI, FBUT, Fluorescein Score, and Schirmer 1 test after three months of DQL eye drop administration. CONCLUSION DQL eye drops have the potential to improve ocular scores and subjective symptoms in patients with DE over a three months period, regardless of whether it is newly initiated or as a switch from DQS eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Maehara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Ryo Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iitaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Tetsuju Sekiryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan.
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4
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Regu VR, Gohel V, Gaur M, Swain RP, Das J, Subudhi BB. Tamarind seed polysaccharide-metformin insert: Higher ocular retention, slow-release, and efficacy against corneal burn. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124265. [PMID: 38795935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) can be an alternative therapeutic strategy for managing ocular burn primarily because of its pleiotropic mechanism. Longer retention on the ocular surface and sustained release are necessary to ensure the efficacy of MET for ocular application. Although the high aqueous solubility of MET is good for formulation and biocompatibility, it makes MET prone to high nasolacrimal drainage. This limits ocular residence and may be a challenge in its application. To address this, polymers approved for ophthalmic application with natural origin were analyzed through in silico methods to determine their ability to bind to mucin and interact with MET. An ocular insert of MET (3 mg/6 mm) was developed using a scalable solvent casting method without using preservatives. The relative composition of the insert was 58 ± 2.06 %w/w MET with approximately 14 %w/w tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), and 28 %w/w propylene glycol (PG). Its stability was demonstrated as per the ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. Compatibility, ocular retention, drug release, and other functional parameters were evaluated. In rabbits, efficacy was demonstrated in the 'corneal alkali burn preclinical model'. TSP showed potential for mucoadhesion and interaction with MET. With adequate stability and sterility, the insert contributed to adequate retention of MET (10-12 h) in vivo and slow release (30 h) in vitro. This resulted in significant efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varaprasad R Regu
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Vinit Gohel
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Mahendra Gaur
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjit P Swain
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India; GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jayakrushna Das
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Bharat B Subudhi
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
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Lin N, Chen X, Liu H, Gao N, Liu Z, Li J, Pflugfelder SC, Li DQ. Ectoine Enhances Mucin Production Via Restoring IL-13/IFN-γ Balance in a Murine Dry Eye Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:39. [PMID: 38935032 PMCID: PMC11216279 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore protective effects and potential mechanism of ectoine, a natural osmoprotectant, on ocular surface mucin production in dry eye disease. Methods A dry eye model was established in C57BL/6 mice exposed to desiccating stress (DS) with untreated (UT) mice as controls. DS mice were topically treated with 2.0% ectoine or PBS vehicle. Corneal epithelial defects were assessed by Oregon Green Dextran (OGD) fluorescent staining. Conjunctival goblet cells, ocular mucins, and T help (Th) cytokines were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining or ELISA, and RT-qPCR. Results Compared with UT mice, corneal epithelial defects were detected as strong punctate OGD fluorescent staining in DS mice with vehicle, whereas ectoine treatment largely reduced OGD staining to near-normal levels. Conjunctival goblet cell density and cell size decreased markedly in DS mice, but was significantly recovered by ectoine treatment. The protein production and mRNA expression of two gel-forming secreted MUC5AC and MUC2, and 4 transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4, MUC16, and MUC15, largely decreased in DS mice, but was restored by ectoine. Furthermore, Th2 cytokine IL-13 was inhibited, whereas Th1 cytokine IFN-γ was stimulated at protein and mRNA levels in conjunctiva and draining cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) of DS mice, leading to decreased IL-13/IFN-γ ratio. Interestingly, 2.0% ectoine reversed their alternations and restored IL-13/IFN-γ balance. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that topical ectoine significantly reduces corneal damage, and enhances goblet cell density and mucin production through restoring imbalanced IL-13/IFN-γ signaling in murine dry eye model. This suggests therapeutic potential of natural osmoprotectant ectoine for dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lin
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Allergan, an AbbVie company, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Ning Gao
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Li
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Stephen C. Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - De-Quan Li
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Liang C, Wang L, Wang X, Jia Y, Xie Q, Zhao L, Yuan H. Altered ocular surface microbiota in obesity: a case-control study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1356197. [PMID: 38533385 PMCID: PMC10963539 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the composition of ocular surface microbiota in patients with obesity. Methods This case-control study, spanning from November 2020 to March 2021 at Henan Provincial People's Hospital, involved 35 patients with obesity and an equivalent number of age and gender-matched healthy controls. By employing 16S rRNA sequencing, this study analyzed the differences in ocular surface microbiota between the two groups. The functional prediction analysis of the ocular surface microbiota was conducted using PICRUSt2. Results The alpha diversity showed no notable differences in the richness or evenness of the ocular surface microbiota when comparing patients with obesity to healthy controls (Shannon index, P=0.1003). However, beta diversity highlighted significant variances in the microbiota composition of these two groups (ANOSIM, P=0.005). LEfSe analysis revealed that the relative abundances of Delftia, Cutibacterium, Aquabacterium, Acidovorax, Caulobacteraceae unclassified, Comamonas and Porphyromonas in patients with obesity were significantly increased (P<0.05). Predictive analysis using PICRUSt2 highlighted a significant enhancement in certain metabolic pathways in patients with obesity, notably xenobiotics metabolism via cytochrome P450 (CYP450), lipid metabolism, and the oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway (P<0.05). Conclusions Patients with obesity exhibit a distinct ocular surface core microbiome. The observed variations in this microbiome may correlate with increased activity in CYP450, changes in lipid metabolism, and alterations in NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang S, Zhao N, Luo T, Kou S, Sun M, Chen K. Causality between COVID-19 and multiple myeloma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study and Bayesian co-localization. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38400850 PMCID: PMC10894079 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Studying the relationship between different traits of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and MM is critical for the management and treatment of MM patients with COVID-19. But all the studies on the relationship so far were observational and the results were also contradictory. Using the latest publicly available COVID-19 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the causality between MM and different traits of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and severe COVID-19) and use multi-trait analysis of GWAS(MTAG) to identify new associated SNPs in MM. We performed co-localization analysis to reveal potential causal pathways between diseases and over-representation enrichment analysis to find involved biological pathways. IVW results showed SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization increased risk of MM. In the reverse analysis, the causal relationship was not found between MM for each of the different symptoms of COVID-19. Co-localization analysis identified LZTFL1, MUC4, OAS1, HLA-C, SLC22A31, FDX2, and MAPT as genes involved in COVID-19-mediated causation of MM. These genes were mainly related to immune function, glycosylation modifications and virus defense. Three novel MM-related SNPs were found through MTAG, which may regulate the expression of B3GNT6. This is the first study to use MR to explore the causality between different traits of COVID-19 and MM. The results of our two-way MR analysis found that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization increased the susceptibility of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Songzi Kou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Ren Y, Wang Y, An N, Xiao X, Pan S, Wang B, Liu X, Wang Y. Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Muc5ac Expression in Rat Conjunctival Goblet Cells via Regulating Macrophages Toward an Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38363299 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2311981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) in reducing inflammation and decreasing conjunctival goblet cell (CGC) loss in dry eye disease. However, whether MSC-Exos provide anti-inflammatory profiles in macrophages, thus contributing to CGC protection, has remained elusive. METHODS Macrophages were incubated with PKH26-labeled periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (PDLSC-Exos) for 12 h, and uptake of PDLSC-Exos by macrophages was observed by a confocal fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-10, and Arg1 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of TNF-α and IL-10 were quantified using western blotting. Then, CGCs were exposed to different macrophage supernatants and qRT-PCR was used to detect the Muc5ac mRNA expression of CGCs in response to or absence of cholinergic stimulation. ELISA was used to determine the Muc5ac secretion of CGCs in response to cholinergic stimulation. RESULTS The uptake of PDLSC-Exos by M1 macrophages facilitates M2 macrophage polarization with the elevated expressions of IL-10 and Arg1. In macrophage supernatant-treated CGCs systems, PDLSC-Exo-treated M1 macrophage supernatant significantly enhanced the Muc5ac expression of CGCs in response to, or in the absence of, cholinergic stimulation, while the addition of PDLSC-Exos to the control macrophage supernatant did not generate a change in Muc5ac expression. Conversely, the addition of PDLSC-Exos to the diluted control macrophage supernatant induced a significant increase in Muc5ac expression. CONCLUSION PDLSC-Exos could protect CGCs against M1 macrophage-mediated inflammation, and the protective effects of PDLSC-Exos are partly attributable to their effects on M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ren
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na An
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianghua Xiao
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shiyin Pan
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianning Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Fu C, Wang Z, Zhou X, Hu B, Li C, Yang P. Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1514-1551. [PMID: 38167899 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based bioactive coatings have emerged as a versatile and promising strategy for enhancing the performance and biocompatibility of diverse biomedical materials and devices. Through surface modification, these coatings confer novel biofunctional attributes, rendering the material highly bioactive. Their widespread adoption across various domains in recent years underscores their importance. This review systematically elucidates the behavior of protein-based bioactive coatings in organisms and expounds on their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it highlights notable advancements in artificial synthesis methodologies and their functional applications in vitro. A focal point is the delineation of assembly strategies employed in crafting protein-based bioactive coatings, which provides a guide for their expansion and sustained implementation. Finally, the current trends, challenges, and future directions of protein-based bioactive coatings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhengge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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10
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Paterniti I, Scuderi SA, Cambria L, Nostro A, Esposito E, Marino A. Protective Effect of Probiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1770. [PMID: 38339047 PMCID: PMC10855269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic therapy needs consideration as an alternative strategy to prevent and possibly treat corneal infection. This study aimed to assess the preventive effect of Lactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis on reducing the infection of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The probiotics' preventive effect against infection was evaluated in cell monolayers pretreated with each probiotic 1 h and 24 h prior to P. aeruginosa challenge followed by 1 h and 24 h of growth in combination. Cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antinitrosative activities were evaluated. L. reuteri and B. longum adhered to HCE cells, preserved occludin tight junctions' integrity, and increased mucin production on a SkinEthicTM HCE model. Pretreatment with L. reuteri or B. longum significantly protected HCE cells from infection at 24 h, increasing cell viability at 110% (110.51 ± 5.15; p ≤ 0.05) and 137% (137.55 ± 11.97; p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Each probiotic showed anti-inflammatory and antinitrosative activities, reducing TNF-α level (p ≤ 0.001) and NOx amount (p ≤ 0.001) and reestablishing IL-10 level (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that L. reuteri and B. longum exert protective effects in the context of corneal infection caused by P. aeruginosa by restoring cell viability and modulating inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (S.A.S.); (L.C.); (A.N.); (E.E.)
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11
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Nanda A, Sahoo RN, Gour M, Swain SK, Das D, Nayak AK, Mallick S. Amlodipine Ocular Delivery Restores Ferning Patterns and Reduces Intensity of Glycosylated Peak of Carrageenan-Induced Tear Fluid: An In-Silico Flexible Docking with IL-β1. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1375-1385. [PMID: 39034716 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018264980231017115829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tear ferning test can be an easy clinical procedure for the evaluation and characterization of the ocular tear film. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the restoration of tear ferning patterns and reduction of glycosylation peak after amlodipine application in carrageenan-induced conjunctivitis. METHODS At the rabbit's upper palpebral region, carrageenan was injected for cytokine-mediated conjunctivitis. Ferning pattern and glycosylation of the tear fluid were characterized using various instrumental analyses. The effect of amlodipine was also examined after ocular instillation and flexible docking studies. RESULTS Optical microscopy showed a disrupted ferning of the tear collected from the inflamed eye. FTIR of the induced tear fluid exhibited peaks within 1000-1200 cm-1, which might be due to the protein glycosylation absent in the normal tear spectrogram. The glycosylation peak reduced significantly in the tear sample collected from the amlodipine-treated group. Corresponding energy dispersive analysis showed the presence of sulphur, indicating protein leakage from the lacrimal gland in the induced group. The disappearance of sulphur from the treated group indicated its remedial effect. The flexible docking studies revealed a stronger binding mode of amlodipine with Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The reduction in the intensity of the glycosylated peak and the restoration offering are probably due to suppression of IL-1β. CONCLUSION This study may be helpful in obtaining primary information for drug discovery to be effective against IL-1β and proving tear fluid as a novel diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashirbad Nanda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Mahendra Gour
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Swain
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Subrata Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
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12
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Nagstrup AH. The use of benzalkonium chloride in topical glaucoma treatment: An investigation of the efficacy and safety of benzalkonium chloride-preserved intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops and their effect on conjunctival goblet cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101 Suppl 278:3-21. [PMID: 38037546 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY Glaucoma is a leading cause of the global prevalence of irreversible blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is not entirely known, but the major risk factors include advancing age, genetic predisposition, and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The only evidence-based treatment is a lowering of IOP through the use of eye drops, laser procedures, or surgical interventions. Although laser treatment is gaining recognition as a first-choice treatment option, the most common approach for managing glaucoma is IOP-lowering eye drops. A major challenge in the treatment is the occurrence of adverse events and poor adherence. In this context, the ocular surface is an area of great concern, as most glaucoma patients have dry eye disease (DED), which is largely caused by eye drops. Preservation with benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a controversial topic due to its potential role as a significant cause of DED. A systematic review and meta-analyses investigate potential differences in efficacy and safety between BAK-preserved and BAK-free anti-glaucomatous eye drops (I). Many of the included studies report on ocular surface damage caused by the application of BAK-preserved eye drops. However, the meta-analyses addressing hyperemia, number of ocular adverse events, and tear break-up time did not identify any significant differences. The latter is likely due to varying measurement methods, different endpoints, and study durations. It is, therefore, possible that the large variations between the studies conceal differences in the safety profiles. The efficacy meta-analysis finds that there are no differences in the IOP-lowering effect between BAK-preserved and BAK-free eye drops, indicating that BAK is not necessary for the effectiveness of eye drops. To promote more homogeneous choices of endpoints and methods when evaluating BAK-preserved and BAK-free glaucoma treatments, a Delphi consensus statement was performed. In this study, glaucoma experts and ocular surface disease experts reached consensus on the key factors to consider when designing such studies (II). The hope is to have more studies with comparable endpoints that can systematically show the potentially adverse effects of BAK. The preclinical studies in the current Ph.D. research focus on conjunctival goblet cells (GCs). GCs are important for the ocular surface because they release the mucin MUC5AC, which is an essential component of the inner layer of the tear film. BAK preservation may damage the GCs and result in a low GC density, leading to an unstable tear film and DED. The most commonly used IOP-lowering drugs are prostaglandin analogs (PGAs). Thus, the conducted studies investigate the effect of PGAs preserved in different ways on GCs. BAK-preserved latanoprost is cytotoxic to primary cultured human conjunctival GCs and results in a scattered expression of MUC5AC, in contrast to negative controls, where MUC5AC is localized around the cell nucleus (III). Preservative-free (PF) latanoprost is not cytotoxic and does not affect the MUC5AC expression pattern. Furthermore, BAK-preserved travoprost is found to be cytotoxic in a time-dependent manner, while Polyquad®-preserved travoprost does not affect GC survival at any measured time point (IV). Both Polyquad and BAK induce scattered expression of MUC5AC. The cytotoxicity of BAK-preserved PGA eye drops is higher compared to the safer profile of PF and Polyquad-preserved PGA eye drops (V). Additionally, PF latanoprost does not increase the release of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, unlike BAK-preserved latanoprost. A review highlights the active and inactive components of IOP-lowering eye drops (VI). Several preclinical and clinical studies have identified adverse effects of BAK. Although other components, such as the active drug and phosphates, can also cause adverse events, the review clearly states that BAK alone is a major source of decreased tolerability. The conclusion of this thesis is that BAK preservation is unnecessary and harmful to the ocular surface. The preclinical studies demonstrate that GCs die when exposed to BAK. Furthermore, they find that BAK induces a pro-inflammatory response. The review included in the thesis concludes that BAK should be phased out of eye drops for chronic use. Overall, the inclusion of BAK poses a risk of developing DED and poor adherence, which can ultimately lead to disease progression and blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hedengran Nagstrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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de Castro R, Kandhola G, Kim JW, Moore QC, Thompson AK. Fabrication of Chitosan/PEGDA Bionanocomposites for Enhanced Drug Encapsulation and Release Efficiency. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5532-5542. [PMID: 37774674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) have evolved in the last decades with the development of hydrogels and particles. However, challenges such as high systemic uptake, side effects, low bioavailability, and encapsulation efficiency continue to be significant hurdles faced by such DDSs. Particles and hydrogels can be specifically designed for targeted DDSs to mitigate some of these problems. This study developed chitosan (Cs) particles (Ps) and composite films using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as a copolymer to encapsulate gentamicin (GtS) for drug delivery. We demonstrated that lysozyme degrades the chitosan β-1,4 glycosidic bonds to release GtS. PEGDA increased drug encapsulation efficiency by shielding the repelling forces of like charges between Cs and GtS. The data show that PEGDA does not hinder enzymatic degradation while increasing drug encapsulation efficiency and producing more homogeneous particles. Additionally, we utilized Michael's reaction to cross-link Cs, CsPs, and PEGDA to produce a film designed for drug delivery. The film is an anchor for CsPs to prevent premature drug release. The cross-linking of Cs and PEGDA does not affect lysozyme activity, and CsPs could successfully release GtS without affecting GtS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Castro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Gurshagan Kandhola
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Quincy C Moore
- Department of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, United States
| | - Audie K Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
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You Y, Chen J, Chen H, Wang J, Xie H, Pi X, Wang X, Jiang F. Investigation of Conjunctival Goblet Cell and Tear MUC5AC Protein in Patients With Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:19. [PMID: 37889503 PMCID: PMC10617636 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate conjunctival goblet cell density (GCD) and tear mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) protein levels in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and their association with dry eye indicators. Methods A total of 99 patients with GO (54 active, 45 inactive) and 40 healthy controls were recruited. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including the external eye, ocular surface, GCD, and tear MUC5AC ELISA, were performed. The GCD examination was performed in temporal bulbar conjunctiva, including IVCM GCD by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and filled GCD of cytokeratin-7 and MUC5AC-positive co-immunomarkers by impression cytology. Tear MUC5AC protein was detected using samples extracted from Schirmer strips. Results The GO group showed a significant decrease in IVCM GCD, filled GCD, and normalized tear MUC5AC protein compared to controls, with the active GO group showing the greatest decrease (all P < 0.05). Tear MUC5AC protein levels in GO correlated with those of IVCM GCD (r = 0.40, P < 0.001) and filled GCD (r = 0.54, P < 0.001, respectively). Higher ocular surface disease index (r = -0.22, P < 0.05; r = -0.20, P < 0.05; r = -0.21, P < 0.05) and lisamine green staining (r = -0.23, P < 0.05; r = -0.38, P < 0.001; r = -0.42, P < 0.001) were associated with lower tear MUC5AC protein levels, IVCM GCD, and filled GCD, respectively, which decreased with increasing clinical activity score (r = -0.24, P < 0.05; r = -0.28, P < 0.01; r = -0.27, P < 0.01) and conjunctival congestion score (r = -0.27, P < 0.01; r = -0.33, P < 0.001; r = -0.42, P < 0.001). Conclusions The goblet cell count and tear MUC5AC protein in GO eyes were decreased, possibly due to ocular surface inflammation. Translational Relevance This study observed the change of tear film mucin in GO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayan You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiasong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huatao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohuan Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fagang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Kaur S, Sohnen P, Swamynathan S, Du Y, Espana EM, Swamynathan SK. Molecular nature of ocular surface barrier function, diseases that affect it, and its relevance for ocular drug delivery. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:3-13. [PMID: 37543173 PMCID: PMC10837323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional integrity of the ocular surface, a continuous epithelial structure comprised of the cornea, the conjunctiva, and the ductal surface of the lacrimal as well as meibomian glands, is crucial for proper vision. The ocular surface barrier function (OSBF), sum of the different types of protective mechanisms that exist at the ocular surface, is essential to protect the rest of the eye from vision-threatening physical, chemical, and biological insults. OSBF helps maintain the immune privileged nature of the cornea and the aqueous humor by preventing entry of infectious agents, allergens, and noxious chemicals. Disruption of OSBF exposes the dense nerve endings of the cornea to these stimuli, resulting in discomfort and pain. This review summarizes the status of our knowledge related to the molecular nature of OSBF, describes the effect of different ocular surface disorders on OSBF, and examines the relevance of this knowledge for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Room 2114, Tampa, FL 33612. USA
| | - Peri Sohnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Room 2114, Tampa, FL 33612. USA
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Room 2114, Tampa, FL 33612. USA
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Room 2114, Tampa, FL 33612. USA
| | - Edgar M Espana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Room 2114, Tampa, FL 33612. USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Room 2114, Tampa, FL 33612. USA.
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16
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Asao K, Hashida N, Motooka D, Tsukamoto T, Nakamura S, Maruyama K, Nishida K. Fungal dysbiosis and decreased tear mucin at the conjunctiva in patients with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:e001360. [PMID: 37777252 PMCID: PMC10546124 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the differences in the fungal microbiome between patients with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and healthy controls using metagenomic analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This case-control study was conducted at Osaka University Hospital in Osaka, Japan, from April 2015 to March 2022. Twenty-five consecutive patients with conjunctival MALT lymphoma and 25 healthy volunteers were included. Metagenomic analysis using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)1 deep sequencing and hierarchical clustering was performed to investigate differences in the fungal microbiome. To assess tear environmental change, we measured tear mucin concentrations using ELISA. RESULTS Detailed analyses showed fungal dysbiosis and changes in β-diversity within the conjunctiva of patients with conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the participants could be divided into three clusters according to the Malassezia abundance: cluster I (Malassezia abundance above 70%), cluster II (Malassezia abundance 25%-70%) and cluster II (Malassezia abundance below 25%). Most patients were included in cluster I, whereas most of healthy controls were included in cluster III. The differences were significant. Tear mucin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with MALT compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION The metagenomic analysis using ITS1 deep sequencing was useful for identifying the differences in commensal fungi between patients with MALT lymphoma and healthy individuals. The increased prevalence of the Malassezia genus and the decreased levels of tear mucin can lead to an allergic response of the conjunctiva, resulting in the pathogenesis associated with conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Therefore, it may be beneficial to initiate treatment when a high abundance Malassezia is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Asao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hashida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsukamoto
- Biology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Co. Ltd, Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Baumli P, Liu C, Bekčić A, Fuller GG. The Role of Membrane-Tethered Mucins in Axial Epithelial Adhesion in Controlled Normal Stress Environments. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300043. [PMID: 37271859 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The collective adhesive behavior of epithelial cell layers mediated by complex macromolecular fluid environments plays a vital role in many biological processes. Mucins, a family of highly glycosylated proteins, are known to lubricate cell-on-cell contacts in the shear direction. However, the role of mucins mediating axial epithelial adhesion in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the cell sheet has received less attention. This article subjects cell-on-cell layers of live ocular epithelia that express mucins on their apical surfaces to compression/decompression cycles and tensile loading using a customized instrument. In addition to providing compressive moduli of native cell-on-cell layers, it is found that the mucin layer between the epithelia acts as a soft cushion between the epithelial cell layers. Decompression experiments reveal mucin layers act as soft, nonlinear springs in the axial direction. The cell-on-cell layers withstand decompression before fracturing by a cohesive failure within the mucin layer. When mucin deficiency is induced via a protease treatment, it is found that the axial adhesion between the cell layers is increased. The findings which correlate changes in biological factors with changes in mechanical properties might be of interest to challenges in ophthalmology, vision care, and mucus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chunzi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aleksandar Bekčić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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18
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Ren J, Antony F, Rouse BT, Suryawanshi A. Role of Innate Interferon Responses at the Ocular Surface in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis. Pathogens 2023; 12:437. [PMID: 36986359 PMCID: PMC10058014 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful pathogen that primarily infects epithelial cells of the orofacial mucosa. After initial lytic replication, HSV-1 enters sensory neurons and undergoes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs throughout the host's life and is more common in people with a compromised immune system. HSV-1 causes various diseases depending on the site of lytic HSV-1 replication. These include herpes labialis, herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), meningitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSK is an immunopathological condition and is usually the consequence of HSV-1 reactivation, anterograde transport to the corneal surface, lytic replication in the epithelial cells, and activation of the host's innate and adaptive immune responses in the cornea. HSV-1 is recognized by cell surface, endosomal, and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates innate immune responses that include interferons (IFNs), chemokine and cytokine production, as well as the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of replication. In the cornea, HSV-1 replication promotes type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) IFN production. This review summarizes our current understanding of HSV-1 recognition by PRRs and innate IFN-mediated antiviral immunity during HSV-1 infection of the cornea. We also discuss the immunopathogenesis of HSK, current HSK therapeutics and challenges, proposed experimental approaches, and benefits of promoting local IFN-λ responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Ren
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 240B Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ferrin Antony
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 240B Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Barry T. Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 240B Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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19
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Wang JN, Fan H, Song JT. Targeting purinergic receptors to attenuate inflammation of dry eye. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:199-206. [PMID: 35218451 PMCID: PMC9984584 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the potential factors to cause the damage of ocular surface in dry eye disease (DED). Increasing evidence indicated that purinergic A1, A2A, A3, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in DED: A1 adenosine receptor (A1R) is a systemic pro-inflammatory factor; A2AR is involved in the activation of the MAPK/NF-kB pathway; A3R combined with inhibition of adenylate cyclase and regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway leads to regulation of transcription; P2X4 promotes receptor-associated activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory vesicles; P2X7 promotes inflammasome activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18; P2Y receptors affect the phospholipase C(PLC)/IP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway and mucin secretion. These suggested that purinergic receptors would be promising targets to control the inflammation of DED in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Wang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Tao Song
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Sasamoto Y, Wu S, Lee CAA, Jiang JY, Ksander BR, Frank MH, Frank NY. Epigenetic Regulation of Corneal Epithelial Differentiation by TET2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2841. [PMID: 36769164 PMCID: PMC9917645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic DNA modification by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), generated by the Ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases, regulates diverse biological functions in many organ tissues, including the mammalian eye. For example, 5hmC has been shown to be involved in epigenetic regulation of retinal gene expression. However, a functional role of 5hmC in corneal differentiation has not been investigated to date. Here, we examined 5hmC and TET function in the human cornea. We found 5hmC highly expressed in MUC16-positive terminally differentiated cells that also co-expressed the 5hmC-generating enzyme TET2. TET2 knockdown (KD) in cultured corneal epithelial cells led to significant reductions of 5hmC peak distributions and resulted in transcriptional repression of molecular pathways involved in corneal differentiation, as evidenced by downregulation of MUC4, MUC16, and Keratin 12. Additionally, integrated TET2 KD RNA-seq and genome-wide Reduced Representation Hydroxymethylation Profiling revealed novel epigenetically regulated genes expressed by terminally differentiated cells, including KRT78, MYEOV, and MAL. In aggregate, our findings reveal a novel function of TET2 in the epigenetic regulation of corneal epithelial gene expression and identify novel TET2-controlled genes expressed in differentiated corneal epithelial cells. These results point to potential roles for TET2 induction strategies to enhance treatment of corneal diseases associated with abnormal epithelial maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Sasamoto
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jason Y. Jiang
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce R. Ksander
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Markus H. Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, WA, Australia
| | - Natasha Y. Frank
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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21
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Weng J, Fink MK, Sharma A. A Critical Appraisal of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Effects of Artificial Tear Ingredients and Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032758. [PMID: 36769079 PMCID: PMC9917348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease is among the most prevalent diseases affecting the ocular surface. Artificial tears remain the cornerstone therapy for its management. There are currently a wide variety of marketed artificial tears available to choose from. These artificial tears differ significantly in their composition and formulation. This article reviews the physicochemical and biological properties of artificial tear components and how these characteristics determine their use and efficacy in the management of dry eye. Furthermore, this article also discusses the various formulations of artificial tears such as macro and nanoemulsion and the type of preservatives present in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Weng
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Michael K. Fink
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-714-516-5498
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22
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Xu K, Liu XN, Zhang HB, Zhu XP, Zhang XJ. Tear film instability is associated with weakened colocalization between occludin and MUC5AC in scopolamine-induced dry eye disease (DED) rats. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:463-473. [PMID: 35908134 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) is a disease with tear film instability because of multiple factors. This study was conducted to explore roles of occludin and MUC5AC in tear film instability in DED rat model. METHODS A total of 20 SD rats were divided into DED group (n = 10) and normal control (NC) group (n = 10). DED rat model was established by subcutaneously injecting with scopolamine hydrobromide. Clinical examinations, including tear breakup time (tBUT), Schirmer's test and corneal fluorescein staining, were conducted to determine corneal functions. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the ultrastructures of corneal epithelial cells. Western blotting assay was used to identify occludin expression in corneal tissues of DED rats. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to verify gene transcription of occludin and MUC5AC. Colocalization between occludin and MUC5AC was identified with confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Tear breakup time was significantly shorter, and corneal fluorescein staining score was predominantly higher in DED rats compared to those in normal rats (P < 0.05). Normal rats showed a steady tear secretion throughout the whole experiments, while DED rats showed a dramatic reduction on day 14. DED rats demonstrated ultrastructural damage of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in corneal epithelial cells. Occludin and MUC5AC expressions were significantly downregulated in corneal tissue of DED rats compared with those of normal rats (P < 0.05). Percentage of occludin-MUC5AC-colocalized corneal epithelial cells in DED rats was significantly less compared with those in normal rats (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tear film stability was damaged in scopolamine-induced DED rats because of the weakened colocalization between occludin and MUC5AC molecule. This study would provide a potential clue for the pathogenesis and a promising theoretical basis for clinical work of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, 710054, China. .,Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xian-Ning Liu
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bing Zhang
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhu
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xian-Jiao Zhang
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Choo J, Liao CH, Tseng CL, Chen JL, Cheng HC, Liang CL, Juo SHH. Inhibition of microRNA-328 Increases Ocular Mucin Expression and Conjunctival Goblet Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:287. [PMID: 36830824 PMCID: PMC9953597 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported anti-miR-328 therapy for dry eye disease (DED). Since decreased mucin secretion is a risk factor for DED, we aimed to explore whether anti-miR-328 affects mucin expression and goblet cells. MiR-328 was increased in goblet cells when they were under desiccating stress or treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAC), both of which are risk factors for DED. Based on bioinformatics tool results, miR-328 was predicted to directly target the transcription factor CREB1 that has been known to promote the expression of mucin5AC. The inhibitory effect of miR-328 on CREB1 was confirmed by the transfection assay. A miR-328 binding site on the CREB1 gene was confirmed by the luciferase assay. Furthermore, anti-miR-328 increased CREB1 and mucin5AC in cultured goblet cells according to qPCR, Western blot, and IF staining experiments. Anti-miR-328 increased mucin5AC secretion from the cultured goblet cells based on an ELISA assay for the cultured medium. Finally, impression cytology data revealed anti-miR-328 increased conjunctival goblet cells in the DED rabbits induced by BAC. In conclusion, anti-miR-328 increases CREB1 expression leading to an increase in mucin5AC production and secretion. Furthermore, anti-miR-328 also increases conjunctival goblet cells. These results warrant the further development of anti-miR-328 therapy for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Choo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huei Liao
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ling Liang
- Bright-Eyes Clinic, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
- Dreamhawk Vision Biotech, Inc., Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Dreamhawk Vision Biotech, Inc., Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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24
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Qin G, Chao C, Lattery LJ, Lin H, Fu W, Richdale K, Cai C. Tear proteomic analysis of young glasses, orthokeratology, and soft contact lens wearers. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104738. [PMID: 36191803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact lens-related ocular surface complications occur more often in teenagers and young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in tear proteome of young patients wearing glasses (GL), orthokeratology lenses (OK), and soft contact lenses (SCL). Twenty-two young subjects (10-26 years of age) who were established GL, OK, and SCL wearers were recruited. Proteomic data were collected using a data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation workflow. In total, 3406 protein groups were identified, the highest number of proteins identified in Schirmer strip tears to date. Eight protein groups showed higher abundance, and 11 protein groups showed lower abundance in the SCL group compared to the OK group. In addition, the abundance of 82 proteins significantly differed in children compared to young adult GL wearers, among which 67 proteins were higher, and 15 proteins were lower in children. These 82 proteins were involved in inflammation, immune, and glycoprotein metabolic biological processes. In summary, this work identified over 3000 proteins in Schirmer Strip tears. The results indicated that tear proteomes were altered by orthokeratology and soft contact wear and age, which warrants further larger-scale study on the ocular surface responses of teenagers and young adults separately to contact lens wear. SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we examined the tear proteomes of young patients wearing glasses, orthokeratology lenses, and soft contact lenses using a data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) workflow and identified 3406 protein groups in Schirmer strip tears. Nineteen protein groups showed significant abundance changes between orthokeratology and soft contact lens wearers. Moreover, eighty-two protein groups significantly differed in abundance in children and young adult glasses wearers. As a pilot study, this work provides a deep coverage of tear proteome and suggests the need to investigate ocular responses to contact lens wear separately for children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - Cecilia Chao
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2023, Australia
| | - Lauren J Lattery
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering Technology, University of Houston - Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, United States of America
| | - Wenjiang Fu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Richdale
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
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25
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Efficacy of Nonpreserved Sodium Hyaluronate Artificial Tears in Dry Eye Disease Patients Treated with Prostaglandin Analogs for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Prospective, Nonrandomized, Open-Label Pilot Study. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:1320996. [PMID: 36505508 PMCID: PMC9733995 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1320996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) can be triggered using preserved ophthalmic formulations or prostaglandin analogs. In this prospective, nonrandomized, open-label pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of a 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) nonpreserved ophthalmic formulation in decreasing DED symptoms in patients with open-angle glaucoma treated with prostaglandin analogs. Methods 30 patients with DED receiving chronic treatment with prostaglandin analogs for primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were administered ophthalmic formulations 3 times daily for 12 weeks. Foreign body sensation, burning, stinging, dryness, pain, frequency of symptoms, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), conjunctival hyperaemia, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear film break-up time (TBUT), best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer test results, and 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire score between the baseline and 4 and 12 weeks were evaluated. Results The analysis shows that all primary endpoints improved; in particular, burning sensation and the frequency of symptoms after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001) and dryness and pain after 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001 and p=0.03, respectively) were reduced significantly. Secondary outcomes confirmed the positive results, with a statistically significant change in the OSDI score and CFS between the baseline and 4 (p=0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) or 12 weeks (both p < 0.001) and TBUT after 4 weeks (p=0.01). Conjunctival hyperaemia improved in both eyes in >90% of cases at 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusion The present study shows that the ophthalmic formulation containing 0.15% HA has a promising beneficial effect on reducing the signs and symptoms of DED in patients treated with prostaglandin analogs.
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26
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Prevalence and characteristics of dry eye disease in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18348. [PMID: 36319814 PMCID: PMC9626467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated and characterized the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in Parkinson's disease (PD). PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies between January 1, 1979 and March 10, 2022. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Study-specific estimates were combined using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Prevalence of subjective DED symptoms in patients with PD and mean differences in blink rate, corneal thickness, tear film breakup time, and tear secretion volume on Schirmer test I were compared to those in controls. Of 383 studies, 13 (1519 patients with PD) and 12 were included in qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed a 61.1% prevalence of subjective DED symptoms in PD and that, compared with controls, patients with PD had significantly lower blink rate, thinner corneal thickness, shorter tear film breakup time, and lower tear secretion volumes on Schirmer test I, without and with anesthesia.
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27
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Cui KW, Xia VX, Cirera-Salinas D, Myung D, Fuller GG. Effect of Recombinant Human Lubricin on Model Tear Film Stability. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:9. [PMID: 36112103 PMCID: PMC9487168 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate and quantify the effect of recombinant human lubricin (rh-lubricin) on model tear film stability. Methods A custom-built, interferometry-based instrument called the Interfacial Dewetting and Drainage Optical Platform was used to create and record the spatiotemporal evolution of model acellular tear films. Image segmentation and analysis was performed in MATLAB to extract the most essential features from the wet area fraction versus time curve, namely the evaporative break-up time and the final wet area fraction (A10). These two parameters indicate the tear film stability in the presence of rh-lubricin in its unstressed and stressed forms. Results Our parameters successfully captured the trend of increasing tear film stability with increasing rh-lubricin concentration, and captured differences in rh-lubricin efficacy after various industrially relevant stresses. Specifically, aggregation and fragmentation caused by a 4-week, high temperature stress condition negatively impacted rh-lubricin's ability to maintain model tear film stability. Adsorbed rh-lubricin alone was not sufficient to resist break-up and maintain full area coverage of the model tear film surface. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that fragmentation and aggregation can negatively impact rh-lubricin's ability to maintain a stable tear film. In addition, the ability of rh-lubricin to maintain wetted area coverage is due to both freely dispersed and adsorbed rh-lubricin. Translational Relevance Our platform and analysis method provide a facile, intuitive, and clinically relevant means to quantify the effect of ophthalmic drugs and formulations intended for improving tear film stability, as well as capture differences between variants related to drug stability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara W. Cui
- Stanford Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vincent X. Xia
- Stanford Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - David Myung
- Stanford Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
- Byers Eye Institute at the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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28
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Puri V, Kaur VP, Singh A, Singh C. Recent advances on drug delivery applications of mucopenetrative/mucoadhesive particles: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Cui KW, Myung DJ, Fuller GG. Tear Film Stability as a Function of Tunable Mucin Concentration Attached to Supported Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6338-6344. [PMID: 35972346 PMCID: PMC9421887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this work, we describe the development of a tunable,
acellular in vitro model of the mucin layer of the
human tear film.
First, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) comprised of the phospholipid
DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and
biotinyl cap PE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(cap
biotinyl)) are created on the surface of a glass dome with radius
of curvature comparable to the human eye. Next, biotinylated bovine
submaxillary mucins (BSM) are tethered onto the SLB using streptavidin
protein. The mucin presentation can be tuned by altering the concentration
of biotinylated BSM, which we confirm using fluorescence microscopy.
Due to the optically smooth surface that results, this model is compatible
with interferometry for monitoring film thickness. Below a certain
level of mucin coverage, we observe short model tear film breakup
times, mimicking a deficiency in membrane-associated mucins. In contrast,
the breakup time is significantly delayed for SLBs with high mucin
coverage. Because no differences in mobility or wettability were observed,
we hypothesize that higher mucin coverage provides a thicker hydrated
layer that can protect against external disturbances to thin film
stability. This advance paves the way for a more physiological, interferometry-based in vitro model for investigating tear film breakup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara W Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David J Myung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Byers Eye Institute at the School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Qiao H, Xu Z, Sun M, Fu S, Zhao F, Wang D, He Z, Zhai Y, Sun J. Rebamipide liposome as an effective ocular delivery system for the management of dry eye disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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M Grover L, Moakes R, Rauz S. Innovations in fluid-gel eye drops for treating disease of the eye: prospects for enhancing drug retention and reducing corneal scarring. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Moakes
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, SWBH NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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32
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Jackson RM, Hatton CF, Spegarova JS, Georgiou M, Collin J, Stephenson E, Verdon B, Haq IJ, Hussain R, Coxhead JM, Mudhar HS, Wagner B, Hasoon M, Davey T, Rooney P, Khan CMA, Ward C, Brodlie M, Haniffa M, Hambleton S, Armstrong L, Figueiredo F, Queen R, Duncan CJA, Lako M. Conjunctival epithelial cells resist productive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1699-1713. [PMID: 35750043 PMCID: PMC9222349 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival epithelial cells, which express viral-entry receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), constitute the largest exposed epithelium of the ocular surface tissue and may represent a relevant viral-entry route. To address this question, we generated an organotypic air-liquid-interface model of conjunctival epithelium, composed of basal, suprabasal, and superficial epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, which could be maintained successfully up to day 75 of differentiation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), with complementary imaging and virological assays, we observed that while all conjunctival cell types were permissive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome expression, a productive infection did not ensue. The early innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in conjunctival cells was characterised by a robust autocrine and paracrine NF-κB activity, without activation of antiviral interferon signalling. Collectively, these data enrich our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the human ocular surface, with potential implications for the design of preventive strategies and conjunctival transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine F Hatton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Maria Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bernard Verdon
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Iram J Haq
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Hardeep-Singh Mudhar
- National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service (NSOPS) Department of Histopathology, E-Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bart Wagner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Megan Hasoon
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Rooney
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, Liverpool, UK
| | - C M Anjam Khan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chris Ward
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francisco Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Christopher J A Duncan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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33
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Hao R, Zhang M, Zhao L, Liu Y, Sun M, Dong J, Xu Y, Wu F, Wei J, Xin X, Luo Z, Lv S, Li X. Impact of Air Pollution on the Ocular Surface and Tear Cytokine Levels: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:909330. [PMID: 35872759 PMCID: PMC9301315 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.909330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess air pollution-induced changes on ocular surface and tear cytokine levels. Methods As a prospective multicenter cohort study, 387 dry eye disease (DED) participants were recruited from five provinces in China and underwent measurements of ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer’s I test (ST), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian gland (MG) function, and tear cytokines. The associations between ocular surface parameters and exposure to particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month before the examination were analyzed in single- and multi-pollutant models adjusted for confounding factors. Results In the multi-pollutant model, the OSDI score was positively correlated with PM with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), O3, and SO2 exposure [PM2.5: β (1 week/month) = 0.229 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.035–0.424)/0.211 (95% CI: 0.160–0.583); O3: β (1 day/week/month) = 0.403 (95% CI: 0.229–0.523)/0.471 (95% CI: 0.252–0.693)/0.468 (95% CI: 0.215–0.732); SO2: β (1 day/week) = 0.437 (95% CI: 0.193–0.680)/0.470 (95% CI: 0.040–0.901)]. Tear secretion was negatively correlated with O3 and NO2 exposures but positively correlated with PM2.5 levels. Air pollutants were negatively correlated with TBUT and positively related with CFS score. Besides SO2, all other pollutants were associated with aggravated MG dysfunction (MG expression, secretion, and loss) and tear cytokines increasement, such as PM2.5 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) [β (1 day) = 0.016 (95% CI: 0.003–0.029)], PM with diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and IL-6 [β (1 day) = 0.019 (95% CI: 0.006–0.033)], NO2 and IL-6 [β (1 month) = 0.045 (95% CI: 0.018–0.072)], among others. The effects of air pollutants on DED symptoms/signs, MG functions and tear cytokines peaked within 1 week, 1 month, and 1 day, respectively. Conclusion Increased PM2.5, O3, and SO2 exposures caused ocular discomfort and damage with tear film instability. PM10 exposure led to tear film instability and ocular injury. PM, O3, and NO2 exposures aggravated MG dysfunction and upregulated tear cytokine levels. Therefore, each air pollutant may influence DED via different mechanisms within different time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huabei Petroleum General Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Jinwen Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Xilingol League Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiangyang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhongping Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongliao City Ke’erqin Zuoyi Zhongqi People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuxuan Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongqing People’s Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemin Li, , orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-4694
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34
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Kitazawa K, Inotmata T, Shih K, Hughes JWB, Bozza N, Tomioka Y, Numa K, Yokoi N, Campisi J, Dana R, Sotozono C. Impact of aging on the pathophysiology of dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:108-118. [PMID: 35753664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) is a common age-related ocular surface disease. However, it is unknown how aging influences the ocular surface microenvironment. This systematic review aims to investigate how the aging process changes the ocular surface microenvironment and impacts the development of DED. METHODS An article search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. 44 studies reporting on age-related ocular changes and 14 large epidemiological studies involving the prevalence of DED were identified. 8 out of 14 epidemiological studies were further analyzed with meta-analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed. Study-specific estimates (impact of aging on the prevalence of DED) were combined using one-group meta-analysis in a random-effects model. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed the prevalence of DED in the elderly aged 60 years old or older was 5519 of 60107 (9.2%) and the odds ratio of aging compared to younger age was 1.313 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.107, 1.557). With increasing age, the integrity of the ocular surface and tear film stability decreased. Various inflammatory cells, including senescent-associated T-cells, infiltrated the ocular surface epithelium, lacrimal gland, and meibomian gland, accompanied by senescence-related changes, including accumulation of 8-OHdG and lipofuscin-like inclusions, increased expression of p53 and apoptosis-related genes, and decreased Ki67 positive cells. CONCLUSIONS The aging process greatly impacts the ocular surface microenvironment, consequently leading to DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kitazawa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takenori Inotmata
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kendric Shih
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Niha Bozza
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Yasufumi Tomioka
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Numa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Olsen MV, Lyngstadaas AV, Bair JA, Hodges RR, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Signaling Pathways Used by the Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Maresin 2 Regulate Goblet Cell Function: Comparison with Maresin 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6233. [PMID: 35682912 PMCID: PMC9181304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including Maresins (MaR)-1 and 2, contribute to tear film homeostasis and resolve conjunctival inflammation. We investigated MaR2's signaling pathways in goblet cells (GC) from rat conjunctiva. Agonist-induced [Ca2+]i and high-molecular weight glycoconjugate secretion were measured. MaR2 increased [Ca2+]i and stimulated secretion. MaR2 and MaR1 stimulate conjunctival goblet cell function, especially secretion, by activating different but overlapping GPCR and signaling pathways, and furthermore counter-regulate histamine stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i. Thus, MaR2 and MaR1 play a role in maintaining the ocular surface and tear film homeostasis in health and disease. As MaR2 and MaR1 modulate conjunctival goblet cell function, they each may have potential as novel, but differing, options for the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory diseases including allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye disease. We conclude that in conjunctival GC MaR2 and MaR1, both increase the [Ca2+]i and stimulate secretion to maintain homeostasis by using one set of different, but overlapping, signaling pathways to increase [Ca2+]i and another set to stimulate secretion. MaR2 also resolves ocular allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V. Olsen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne V. Lyngstadaas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey A. Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
| | - Robin R. Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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36
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Lee HJ, Yoon CH, Kim HJ, Ko JH, Ryu JS, Jo DH, Kim JH, Kim D, Oh JY. Ocular microbiota promotes pathological angiogenesis and inflammation in sterile injury-driven corneal neovascularization. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1350-1362. [PMID: 35986099 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota promotes or inhibits the pathogenesis of a range of immune-mediated disorders. Although recent studies have elucidated the role of gut microbiota in ocular disease, the effect of ocular microbiota remains unclear. Herein, we explored the role of ocular commensal bacteria in non-infectious corneal inflammation and angiogenesis in a mouse model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization. Results revealed that the ocular surface harbored a microbial community consisting mainly of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Elimination of the ocular commensal bacteria by oral broad-spectrum antibiotics or topical fluoroquinolone significantly suppressed corneal inflammation and neovascularization. Disease amelioration was associated with reduced numbers of CD11b+Ly6C+ and CD11b+Ly6G+ myeloid cells, not Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, in the spleen, blood, and draining lymph nodes. Therapeutic concentrations of fluoroquinolone, however, did not directly affect immune cells or vascular endothelial cells. In addition, data from a clinical study showed that antibiotic treatment in combination with corticosteroids, as compared with corticosteroid monotherapy, induced faster remission of corneal inflammation and new vessels in pediatric patients with non-infectious marginal keratitis. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a pathogenic role of ocular microbiota in non-infectious inflammatory disorders leading to sight-threatening corneal neovascularization, and suggest a therapeutic potential of targeting commensal microbes in treating ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Yoon
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Ko
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Biochemistry of human tear film: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Chandran Suja V, Verma A, Mossige E, Cui K, Xia V, Zhang Y, Sinha D, Joslin S, Fuller G. Dewetting characteristics of contact lenses coated with wetting agents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Singh N, Diebold Y, Sahu SK, Leonardi A. Epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:1360-1372. [PMID: 34757631 PMCID: PMC9300009 DOI: 10.1111/all.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial barrier is the first line of defense that forms a protective barrier against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens. Epithelial barrier dysfunction has been recently implicated in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and rhinitis. However, there is limited knowledge on epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy (OA). Since the ocular surface is directly exposed to the environment, it is important to understand the role of ocular epithelia and their dysfunction in OA. Impaired epithelial barrier enhances allergen uptake, which lead to activation of immune responses and development of chronic inflammation as seen in allergies. Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins that helps to maintain epithelial integrity has been reported in OA but sufficient data not available in chronic atopic (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), the pathophysiology of which is not just complex, but also the current treatments are not completely effective. This review provides an overview of studies, which indicates the role of barrier dysfunction in OA, and highlights how ocular barrier dysfunction possibly contributes to the disease pathogenesis. The review also explores the potential of ocular epithelial barrier repair strategies as preventive and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Singh
- ProCyto Labs Pvt. Ltd. KIIT‐TBI KIIT University Patia, Bhubaneswar India
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Valladolid Spain
| | - Srikant K. Sahu
- LV Prasad Eye Institute, Cornea and Anterior Segment, MTC Campus Patia, Bhubaneswar India
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Ophthalmology Unit Department of Neuroscience University of Padova Padova Italy
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40
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Madl AC, Liu C, Cirera-Salinas D, Fuller GG, Myung D. A Mucin-Deficient Ocular Surface Mimetic Platform for Interrogating Drug Effects on Biolubrication, Antiadhesion Properties, and Barrier Functionality. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18016-18030. [PMID: 35416028 PMCID: PMC9052192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, causing significant patient discomfort and imposing a multi-billion-dollar burden on global health care systems. In DED patients, the natural biolubrication process that facilitates pain-free blinking goes awry due to an imbalance of lipids, aqueous medium, and mucins in the tear film, resulting in ocular surface damage. Identifying strategies to reduce adhesion and shear stresses between the ocular surface and the conjunctival cells lining the inside of the eyelid during blink cycles is a promising approach to improve the signs and symptoms of DED. However, current preclinical models for screening ocular lubricants rely on scarce, heterogeneous tissue samples or model substrates that do not capture the complex biochemical and biophysical cues present at the ocular surface. To recapitulate the hierarchical architecture and phenotype of the ocular interface for preclinical drug screening, we developed an in vitro mucin-deficient DED model platform that mimics the complexity of the ocular interface and investigated its utility in biolubrication, antiadhesion, and barrier protection studies using recombinant human lubricin, a promising investigational therapy for DED. The biomimetic platform recapitulated the pathological changes in biolubrication, adhesion, and barrier functionality often observed in mucin-deficient DED patients and demonstrated that recombinant human lubricin can reverse the damage induced by mucin loss in a dose- and conformation-dependent manner. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of the platform─and recombinant human lubricin─in advancing the standard of care for mucin-deficient DED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Madl
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chunzi Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Biologics
Analytical Research and Development, Novartis
Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Gerald G. Fuller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Myung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Byers
Eye Institute, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94303, United States
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41
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Recchioni A, Mocciardini E, Ponzini E, Tavazzi S. Viscoelastic properties of the human tear film. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109083. [PMID: 35460666 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When considering eye blinking from a tribological perspective, tear viscosity is expected to play a fundamental role. The application of rheological techniques to describe the tear film dates back to the late 1980s, but there has been a continuous need of reappraisal due to new findings in tear film biochemistry and to the development of new methods of physico-chemical characterization. This review provides an overview on tear rheological behavior by analyzing the peer-reviewed literature on this topic. Specifically, examples of in-vitro and in-vivo viscosity measurements are detailed, highlighting experimental criticalities and the need of a standard convention for rheological techniques to compare data across different studies, of analyses on tears of single individuals even within the limits of the low volume available, and of a further development of in-vivo techniques. Then, the controversial role of specific tear components on viscosity is discussed, together with the alterations associated to dry eye disease and contact lens wear. Finally, an updated focus is reported on the viscosity of artificial tears formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Recchioni
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Optometry & Vision Sciences Group, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emanuele Mocciardini
- University of Milano Bicocca, Corso di laurea in Ottica e Optometria, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Ponzini
- University of Milano Bicocca, Materials Science Department, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, COMiB research center, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- University of Milano Bicocca, Materials Science Department, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, COMiB research center, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy
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42
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Watchorn J, Clasky AJ, Prakash G, Johnston IAE, Chen PZ, Gu FX. Untangling Mucosal Drug Delivery: Engineering, Designing, and Testing Nanoparticles to Overcome the Mucus Barrier. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1396-1426. [PMID: 35294187 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel and acts as a barrier covering much of the soft tissue in the human body. High vascularization and accessibility have motivated drug delivery to various mucosal surfaces; however, these benefits are hindered by the mucus layer. To overcome the mucus barrier, many nanomedicines have been developed, with the goal of improving the efficacy and bioavailability of drug payloads. Two major nanoparticle-based strategies have emerged to facilitate mucosal drug delivery, namely, mucoadhesion and mucopenetration. Generally, mucoadhesive nanoparticles promote interactions with mucus for immobilization and sustained drug release, whereas mucopenetrating nanoparticles diffuse through the mucus and enhance drug uptake. The choice of strategy depends on many factors pertaining to the structural and compositional characteristics of the target mucus and mucosa. While there have been promising results in preclinical studies, mucus-nanoparticle interactions remain poorly understood, thus limiting effective clinical translation. This article reviews nanomedicines designed with mucoadhesive or mucopenetrating properties for mucosal delivery, explores the influence of site-dependent physiological variation among mucosal surfaces on efficacy, transport, and bioavailability, and discusses the techniques and models used to investigate mucus-nanoparticle interactions. The effects of non-homeostatic perturbations on protein corona formation, mucus composition, and nanoparticle performance are discussed in the context of mucosal delivery. The complexity of the mucosal barrier necessitates consideration of the interplay between nanoparticle design, tissue-specific differences in mucus structure and composition, and homeostatic or disease-related changes to the mucus barrier to develop effective nanomedicines for mucosal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Watchorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Aaron J Clasky
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gayatri Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ian A E Johnston
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Paul Z Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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Song H, Xiao K, Chen Z, Long Q. Analysis of Conjunctival Sac Microbiome in Dry Eye Patients With and Without Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:841112. [PMID: 35350577 PMCID: PMC8957797 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the conjunctival sac microbial communities in patients with Sjögren's syndrome-associated dry eyes (SSDE) and non-Sjögren's syndrome-associated dry eyes (NSSDE), compared with normal controls (NC). Methods Conjunctival sac swab samples from 23 eyes of SSDE, 36 eyes of NSSDE, and 39 eyes of NC were collected. The V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq platform and analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). Alpha diversity was employed to analyze microbiome diversity through Chao1 and Shannon indexes. Beta diversity was demonstrated by the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA). The relative abundance was bioinformatically analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. Results The alpha diversity was lower in patients with dry eye disease (Shannon index: NC vs. SSDE: P = 0.020, NC vs. NSSDE: P = 0.029). The beta diversity showed divergent microbiome composition in different groups (NC vs. SSDE: P = 0.001, NC vs. NSSDE: P = 0.001, NSSDE vs. SSDE: P = 0.005). The top 5 abundant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria in all three groups. The top five abundant genera included Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. The relative microbiome abundance was different between groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was 6.42, 7.31, and 9.71 in the NC, NSSDE, and SSDE groups, respectively (NC vs. SSDE: P = 0.038, NC vs. NSSDE: P = 0.991, SSDE vs. NSSDE: P = 0.048). Conclusion The diversity of conjunctival sac microbiome in patients with NSSDE and SSDE was diminished compared with NC. The main microbiome at the phylum and genus level were similar between groups, but the relative abundance had variations. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in the SSDE group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Comparison of Trehalose/Hyaluronic Acid (HA) vs. 0.001% Hydrocortisone/HA Eyedrops on Signs and Inflammatory Markers in a Desiccating Model of Dry Eye Disease (DED). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061518. [PMID: 35329844 PMCID: PMC8948919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease where ocular surface inflammation and damage play key etiological roles. Purpose: To compare a combination of 3% trehalose (T) and 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) (Thealoz duo®, T/HA) with a tear substitute containing 0.001% hydrocortisone (I) and 0.2% HA (Idroflog®, I/HA), with respect to changes on signs and inflammatory markers in a mouse DED model. Methods: Thirty 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed in a controlled-environment chamber as a desiccating stress model of DED for 35 days. At day 14 (T1), administration of 5 µL T or I in the right eye (RE) or NaCl 0.9% in the left eye (LE) started, twice a day. Animals were sacrificed after 7 (T2), 14 (T3), 21 (T4, endpoint) days from the beginning of treatment. Corneal fluorescein staining ratio (Image J), histological and histochemical assessment of ocular surface tissues (goblet cell GC density and characterization —PAS, Alcian blue pH 2.5, pH 1.0, and MUC4 expression—in the superior and inferior conjunctiva), and levels of inflammatory markers HLA-DR, IL-1β and TNF-α in cornea and conjunctiva were measured. Results: No animal fully recovered from DED signs at the endpoint. Difference between arms was observed at T3 and T4, with T treated eyes showing a higher corneal damage reduction, PAS-positive GC recovery, lower inflammatory marker expression as compared to the I treated ones. Conclusions: Data suggest that 21 days of treatment with T/HA improved signs, GC recovery and inflammatory markers in a DED mouse model, to a greater extent as compared to I/HA. Data suggest that 21 days of treatment with T/HA improved signs, GC recovery and inflammatory markers in a DED mouse model, to a greater extent as compared to I/HA.
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Yang Y, Lockwood A. Topical ocular drug delivery systems: Innovations for an unmet need. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zaghloul N, El Hoffy NM, Mahmoud AA, Elkasabgy NA. Cyclodextrin Stabilized Freeze-Dried Silica/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Improved Terconazole Ocular Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030470. [PMID: 35335847 PMCID: PMC8955295 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This research assesses the beneficial effects of loading terconazole, a poorly water-soluble antifungal drug in silica/chitosan nanoparticles (SCNs) for ocular delivery. Nanoparticles were fabricated by the simple mixing of tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) and chitosan HCl as sources of silica and nitrogen, respectively, along with alcoholic drug solution in different concentrations. Freeze-dried nanoparticles were fabricated using cyclodextrins as cryoprotectants. SCNs were assessed for their particle size, PDI, yield, drug loading and in vitro release studies. A 23.31 full factorial experimental design was constructed to optimize the prepared SCNs. DSC, XRD, FTIR, in addition to morphological scanning were performed on the optimized nanoparticles followed by an investigation of their pharmacokinetic parameters after topical ocular application in male Albino rabbits. The results reveal that increasing the water content in the preparations causes an increase in the yield and size of nanoparticles. On the other hand, increasing the TEOS content in the preparations, caused a decrease in the yield and size of nanoparticles. The optimized formulation possessed excellent mucoadhesive properties with potential safety concerning the investigated rabbit eye tissues. The higher Cmax and AUC0–24 values coupled with a longer tmax value compared to the drug suspension in the rabbits’ eyes indicated the potential of SCNs as promising ocular carriers for poorly water-soluble drugs, such as terconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Zaghloul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.Z.); (N.M.E.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Nada M. El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.Z.); (N.M.E.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Azza A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.Z.); (N.M.E.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Nermeen A. Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-1141404144
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Aydin E, Dhar P, Gokhale M, Chong L, Azizoglu S, Suphioglu C. A Review of Emerging Tear Proteomics Research on the Ocular Surface in Ocular Allergy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020312. [PMID: 35205178 PMCID: PMC8869539 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ocular allergy is an immunoglobulin E-mediated Type I hypersensitivity reaction localised to the ocular surface and surrounding tissues. Primary signs and symptoms of ocular allergy include itching, redness, irritation and inflammation. Eye-rubbing caused by itching has been shown to alter ocular surface protein concentrations in conditions linked to ocular allergy such as keratoconus. In keratoconus, the cornea begins to thin and sag over time, leading to progressive vision loss and blindness in severe conditions. Due to the high incidence of ocular allergy sufferers rubbing their eyes in response to symptoms of itching, the protein landscape of the ocular surface may be significantly altered. Differential protein expression caused by long-term inflammation and eye-rubbing may lead to subsequent changes in ocular surface structure and function over time. This review aims to summarise and explore the findings of current ocular allergy proteome research conducted using techniques such as gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and lab-on-a-chip proteomics. Proteins of interest for this review include differentially expressed immunoglobulins, mucins, functional proteins, enzymes and proteins with previously uncharacterised roles in ocular allergy. Additionally, potential applications of this research are addressed in terms of diagnostics, drug development and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrin Aydin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Deakin Optometry, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.G.); (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Poshmaal Dhar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Moneisha Gokhale
- Deakin Optometry, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.G.); (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Luke Chong
- Deakin Optometry, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.G.); (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Serap Azizoglu
- Deakin Optometry, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.G.); (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-522-72886
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GlicoPro, Novel Standardized and Sterile Snail Mucus Extract for Multi-Modulative Ocular Formulations: New Perspective in Dry Eye Disease Management. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122139. [PMID: 34959420 PMCID: PMC8708832 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mucoadhesive and regenerative properties of a novel lubricating multimolecular ophthalmic solution (GlicoPro®) extracted from snail mucus and its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic role in the management of dry eye disease (DED). GlicoPro bio-adhesive efficacy was assessed using a lectin-based assay, and its regenerative properties were studied in a human corneal epithelial cell line. In vitro DED was induced in human corneal tissues; the histology and mRNA expression of selected genes of inflammatory and corneal damage biomarkers were analyzed in DED tissues treated with GlicoPro. A higher percentage of bio-adhesivity was observed in corneal cells treated with GlicoPro than with sodium hyaluronate-based compounds. In the scratch test GlicoPro improved in vitro corneal wound healing. Histo-morphological analysis revealed restoration of cellular organization of the corneal epithelium, microvilli, and mucin network in DED corneal tissues treated with GlicoPro. A significant reduction in inflammatory and ocular damage biomarkers was observed. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified an endogenous opioid, opiorphin, in the peptide fraction of GlicoPro. In conclusion, GlicoPro induced regeneration and bio-adhesivity in corneal cells; moreover, considering its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, this novel ophthalmic lubricating solution may be an innovative approach for the management of DED.
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Rahman MM, Kim DH, Park CK, Kim YH. Experimental Models, Induction Protocols, and Measured Parameters in Dry Eye Disease: Focusing on Practical Implications for Experimental Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12102. [PMID: 34830010 PMCID: PMC8622350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the major ophthalmological healthcare challenges worldwide. DED is a multifactorial disease characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and its main pathogenesis is chronic ocular surface inflammation related with various cellular and molecular signaling cascades. The animal model is a reliable and effective tool for understanding the various pathological mechanisms and molecular cascades in DED. Considerable experimental research has focused on developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DED. Several experimental models of DED have been developed, and different animal species such as rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, and primates have been used for these models. Although the basic mechanisms of DED in animals are nearly identical to those in humans, proper knowledge about the induction of animal models is necessary to obtain better and more reliable results. Various experimental models (in vitro and in vivo DED models) were briefly discussed in this review, along with pathologic features, analytical approaches, and common measurements, which will help investigators to use the appropriate cell lines, animal, methods, and evaluation parameters depending on their study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Protective effects of low-molecular-weight components of adipose stem cell-derived conditioned medium on dry eye syndrome in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21874. [PMID: 34750552 PMCID: PMC8575953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the protective effects of low-molecular-weight adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (LADSC-CM) in a mouse model of dry eye syndrome. Mice subjected to desiccating stress and benzalkonium chloride had decreased tear secretion, impaired corneal epithelial tight junction with microvilli, and decreased conjunctival goblet cells. Topical application of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) stimulated lacrimal tear secretion, preserved tight junction and microvilli of the corneal epithelium, and increased the density of goblet cells and MUC16 expression in the conjunctiva. The low-molecular-weight fractions (< 10 kDa and < 3 kDa) of ADSC-CM (LADSC-CM) provided better protections than the > 10 kDa or > 3 kDa fractions of ADSC-CM. In the in vitro study, desiccation for 10 min or hyperosmolarity (490 osmols) for 24 h caused decreased viability of human corneal epithelial cells, which were reversed by LADSC-CM. The active ingredients in the LADSC-CM were lipophobic and stable after heating and lyophilization. Our study demonstrated that LADSC-CM had beneficial effects on experimental dry eye. It is worthy of further exploration for the active ingredient(s) and the mechanism.
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