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Barman S, Kurnaz LB, Leighton R, Hossain MW, Decho AW, Tang C. Intrinsic antimicrobial resistance: Molecular biomaterials to combat microbial biofilms and bacterial persisters. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122690. [PMID: 38976935 PMCID: PMC11298303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The escalating rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) coupled with a declining arsenal of new antibiotics is imposing serious threats to global public health. A pervasive aspect of many acquired AMR infections is that the pathogenic microorganisms exist as biofilms, which are equipped with superior survival strategies. In addition, persistent and recalcitrant infections are seeded with bacterial persister cells at infection sites. Together, conventional antibiotic therapeutics often fail in the complete treatment of infections associated with bacterial persisters and biofilms. Novel therapeutics have been attempted to tackle AMR, biofilms, and persister-associated complex infections. This review focuses on the progress in designing molecular biomaterials and therapeutics to address acquired and intrinsic AMR, and the fundamental microbiology behind biofilms and persisters. Starting with a brief introduction of AMR basics and approaches to tackling acquired AMR, the emphasis is placed on various biomaterial approaches to combating intrinsic AMR, including (1) semi-synthetic antibiotics; (2) macromolecular or polymeric biomaterials mimicking antimicrobial peptides; (3) adjuvant effects in synergy; (4) nano-therapeutics; (5) nitric oxide-releasing antimicrobials; (6) antimicrobial hydrogels; (7) antimicrobial coatings. Particularly, the structure-activity relationship is elucidated in each category of these biomaterials. Finally, illuminating perspectives are provided for the future design of molecular biomaterials to bypass AMR and cure chronic multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatam Barman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Leman Buzoglu Kurnaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Ryan Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Md Waliullah Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Alan W Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States.
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States.
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Yuan L, Wang K, Lei L, Zhao D, Yang H, Fang Y, Lu K. Multispectral bioactivity studies of N-terminal fatty acid modified antimicrobial peptide Andricin B. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 325:125084. [PMID: 39244822 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A series of Andricin B derivatives were designed and synthesized using fatty acid modification at N-terminus of the antimicrobial peptides. The hydrophobicity of Andricin B was altered through fatty acid modification, and the bioactivity was investigated. The interaction between Andricin B and its derivatives with DNA was measured using multi-spectroscopy. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that Andricin B and its derivatives can interact with ct-DNA and G-quadruplexes DNA, and the interaction related with the length of fatty acid chain. Antimicrobial activity tests showed a significant increase using peptides with 8-10 carbons fatty acid chain. C10-Andricin B exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with up to a 16-fold enhancement compared to the original peptide Andricin B. Meanwhile, the protease hydrolysis stability test showed that fatty acid modification improved the stability of Andricin B against protease. Scanning electron microscopy results distinctly showed that C8-Andricin B could rupture the cell wall of bacteria. All results indicated that fatty acid modification peptides are an effective strategy for enhancing activity and stability of antimicrobial peptides. This research provides valuable insights for further research on antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Pharmacy Department, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China.
| | - Kui Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Altman-Merino A, Bonnet K, Schlundt D, Wrenn J, Self WH, Gordon EJ, Hawkins AT. Patient Perspectives on Evolving Diverticulitis Treatment: An Assessment of Patient Willingness to Enroll in a Randomized Controlled Trial. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2024; 5:e476. [PMID: 39310344 PMCID: PMC11415118 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to assess patients' attitudes regarding participation in a randomized trial of antibiotics versus placebo for acute diverticulitis. Background Despite evidence that antibiotics may not be necessary to treat acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, they remain the mainstay of treatment in the United States. A randomized trial in the United States evaluating antibiotic effectiveness could accelerate the implementation of antibiotic-free treatment, but providers maintain concerns that patients may be unwilling to participate. Methods This mixed-methods study conducted semi-structured interviews of patients presenting to a quaternary care emergency department with acute diverticulitis and a web-based survey of a larger cohort. The interviews assessed patients' experiences with diverticulitis and perceptions of participation in a trial comparing antibiotics versus placebo. The survey quantified patients' willingness to participate in such a study and the relative importance of factors influencing the process. Results Thirteen patients completed an interview. Reasons to participate included a desire to help others or contribute to scientific knowledge. Doubts about the efficacy of observation as a treatment method were the main barrier to participation. In a survey of 218 subjects, 62% of respondents reported willingness to participate in a randomized clinical trial. "What my doctor thinks," followed by "What I have experienced in the past" were the most important decision-making factors. Conclusion Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis maintain complex and varying perceptions of antibiotic use. Most surveyed patients would be willing to participate in a trial of antibiotics versus placebo. Our findings support the trial's feasibility and may facilitate an informed approach to recruitment and consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Altman-Merino
- From the Department of School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - David Schlundt
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jesse Wrenn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wesley H Self
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN
| | - Elisa J Gordon
- Department of Surgery, and Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alexander T Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Cui X, Liu S, Jin Y, Li M, Shao C, Yu H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y. Rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli by SYBR green I/Propidium iodide assay. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18782. [PMID: 39138327 PMCID: PMC11322298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli are a serious threat to human health, while conventional antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) have a long turn-around time, and rapid antibiotic susceptibility methods are urgently needed to save lives in the clinic, reduce antibiotic misuse and prevent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We optimized and validated the feasibility of a novel rapid AST based on SYBR Green I and Propidium Iodide (SGPI-AST) for E. coli drug susceptibility test. A total of 112 clinical isolates of E. coli were collected and four antibiotics (ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, imipenem, meropenem) were selected for testing. Bacterial survival rate of E. coli was remarkably linearly correlated with S value at different OD600 values. After optimizing the antibiotic concentrations, the sensitivity and specificity of SGPI-AST reached 100%/100%, 97.8%/100%, 100%/100% and 98.4%/99% for ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, imipenem and meropenem, respectively, and the corresponding concordances of the SGPI-AST with conventional AST were 1.000, 0.980, 1.000 and 0.979, respectively. The SGPI-AST can rapidly and accurately determine the susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates to multiple antibiotics in 60 min, and has the potential to be applied to guide the precise selection of antibiotics for clinical management of infections caused by pathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglun Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyue Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhong Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Huang YC, Kuo SC, Fang CT, Lauderdale TL. Changing epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria causing bacteremia in Taiwan: 2002-2020. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0060824. [PMID: 38916365 PMCID: PMC11301998 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00608-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has further exacerbated the poor outcomes associated with bacteremia. The Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program was established in 1998 to monitor bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends across all patient types and age groups. Between 2002 and 2020, a total of 14,539 non-duplicate bacteremia isolates were collected biennially from 29 hospitals during the months of July-September as part of the TSAR program. The three most common bacteremia agents were Escherichia coli (31%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.7%) overall. However, there was a steady increase in the proportions of E. coli and Enterococcus faecium isolated from bacteremia cases (both P < 0.001), while the proportions of Acinetobacter spp. decreased. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, there was a notable increase in rates of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility among E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while the rates of carbapenem non-susceptibility were elevated but remained milder in these two species, especially in E. coli. Of concern is the alarming increase in vancomycin resistance among E. faecium, rising from 10.0% in 2004 to 47.7% in 2020. In contrast, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus has remained stable at 51.2% overall. In conclusion, E. coli, with increasing third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance, is the predominant cause of bacteremia in Taiwan during the 18-year surveillance. The escalating proportion of E. faecium in bacteremia, coupled with a concurrent upsurge in vancomycin resistance, presents a therapeutic challenge in the recent decade. IMPORTANCE AMR surveillance not only enables the identification of regional variations but also supports the development of coordinated efforts to combat AMR on a global scale. The TSAR has been a biennial, government-endorsed, multicenter study focusing on pathogens isolated from inpatients and outpatients in Taiwan hospitals since 1998. Our report presents an 18-year comprehensive analysis on blood isolates in the 2002-2020 TSAR program. The study highlights an alarming increase in the proportion of E. faecium causing bacteremia accompanied by elevated vancomycin resistance. It is worth noting that this trend differs from the observations in the United States and China. Understanding the composition of bacteria causing bacteremia, along with their prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, holds significant importance in establishing healthcare and research priorities. Additionally, this knowledge serves as a critical factor in evaluating the effectiveness of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Fang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Lauderdale
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Towns KA, Datta A, Thangamani S. Intradermal infection and dissemination of Candida auris in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0012724. [PMID: 38912805 PMCID: PMC11302725 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00127-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen, predominately colonizes human skin leading to serious invasive infections in humans. Though it is assumed that skin colonization can lead to invasive infection, dissemination potential of C. auris from skin to internal organs is still unknown. In this study, immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models of intradermal skin infection were used to compare the dissemination potential of C. auris to internal organs. Our results suggest that C. auris persists in the skin tissue of both immunocompetent and immunocompromised infected mice even at 30 days post-infection. Furthermore, C. auris can readily disseminate from skin tissue to internal organs such as the spleen and kidney as early as 24 h post-infection and was detected until 30 days post-infection. Taken together, our findings for the first time indicate that murine skin intradermally infected with C. auris can readily disseminate to internal organs and cause invasive infections. IMPORTANCE Candida auris is a multi-drug-resistant emerging fungal pathogen colonizes the human skin and causes life-threatening infections. However, whether C. auris can disseminate from the skin to internal organs is unclear. Understanding the dissemination potential of C. auris in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts is necessary to monitor susceptible individuals and to develop novel approaches to prevent and treat this emerging fungal pathogen. Using mouse models of intradermal C. auris skin infection, our findings report a novel observation that mice skin intradermally infected with C. auris can readily disseminate to internal organs leading to systemic disease. These findings help explain the colonization, persistence, and dissemination potential of C. auris in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts and reveal that skin infection is a potential source of invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A. Towns
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Naing MD, Juliano SA, Angeles-Boza AM. Synergy between the clavanins as a weapon against multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2160-2164. [PMID: 38911167 PMCID: PMC11187565 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding new antibiotics that can act synergistically with each other offers many benefits such as lower dosages used for each drug, improved pathogen clearance, and ability to act against multi-drug resistant strains. In this study, six peptides isolated from the tunicate Styela clava were evaluated for their synergistic interaction using the checkerboard assay and the time kill kinetics assay. Using two different tests, we report synergy between clavanin D and clavaspirin in both tests and synergy between clavanin A and B only in the checkerboard test when used against the multidrug resistant E. cloacae 0136. This work demonstrates the possible cooperativity between homologous AMPs from a single organism and the advantage of using two susceptibility tests instead of one when testing synergistic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin D Naing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs 06269 USA
| | - Samuel A Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs 06269 USA
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs 06269 USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut Storrs 06269 USA
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Shaik S, Lee JH, Kim YG, Lee J. Antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-hyphal properties of N-substituted phthalimide derivatives against Candida species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1414618. [PMID: 38903941 PMCID: PMC11188339 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida species comprise a ubiquitous pathogenic fungal genus responsible for causing candidiasis. They are one of the primary causatives of several mucosal and systemic infections in humans and can survive in various environments. In this study, we investigated the antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-hyphal effects of six N-substituted phthalimides against three Candida species. Of the derivatives, N-butylphthalimide (NBP) was the most potent, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg/ml and which dose-dependently inhibited biofilm at sub-inhibitory concentrations (10-50 µg/ml) in both the fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-sensitive Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. NBP also effectively inhibited biofilm formation in other pathogens including uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, along with the polymicrobial biofilms of S. epidermidis and C. albicans. NBP markedly inhibited the hyphal formation and cell aggregation of C. albicans and altered its colony morphology in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression analysis showed that NBP significantly downregulated the expression of important hyphal- and biofilm-associated genes, i.e., ECE1, HWP1, and UME6, upon treatment. NBP also exhibited mild toxicity at concentrations ranging from 2 to 20 µg/ml in a nematode model. Therefore, this study suggests that NBP has anti-biofilm and antifungal potential against various Candida strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Hajizadeh Y, Badmasti F, Oloomi M. Inhibition of the bla OXA-48 gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae by a plasmid carrying CRISPRi-Cas9 system. Gene 2024; 910:148332. [PMID: 38431235 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern that threatens the effectiveness of treating bacterial infections. The spread of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant threat to global public health. To combat this issue, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system is being developed. This system includes a single guide RNA (sgRNA) and a nuclease dead Cas9 (dCas9), which work together to downregulate gene expression. Our project involved the use of the CRISPRi system to reduce gene expression of the beta-lactamase oxacillin-48 (blaOXA-48) gene in K. pneumoniae. We designed a sgRNA and cloned it into pJMP1363 plasmid harboring the CRISPRi system. The pJMP1363-sgRNA construct was transformed in K. pneumoniae harboring the blaOXA-48 gene. The MIC test was used to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to confirm the inhibition of the OXA-48 producing K. pneumoniae harboring the pJMP1363-sgRNA construct expression. The Galleria mellonella larvae model was also utilized for in vivo assay. Following the transformation, the MIC test indicated a 4-fold reduction in meropenem resistance, and qRT-PCR analysis revealed a 60-fold decrease in the mRNA OXA-48 harboring the pJMP1363-sgRNA construct expression. Additionally, G. mellonella larvae infected with OXA-48 producing K. pneumoniae harboring the pJMP1363-sgRNA showed higher survival rates. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the CRISPR interference technique has successfully reduced antibiotic resistance and virulence in the K. pneumoniae harboring the blaOXA-48 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Hajizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Oloomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang S, Courreges MC, Xu L, Gurung B, Berryman M, Gu T. Revealing roles of S-layer protein (SlpA) in Clostridioides difficile pathogenicity by generating the first slpA gene deletion mutant. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0400523. [PMID: 38709045 PMCID: PMC11237437 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04005-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) with high morbidity and high mortality is an urgent threat to public health, and C. difficile pathogenesis studies are eagerly required for CDI therapy. The major surface layer protein, SlpA, was supposed to play a key role in C. difficile pathogenesis; however, a lack of isogenic slpA mutants has greatly hampered analysis of SlpA functions. In this study, the whole slpA gene was successfully deleted for the first time via CRISPR-Cas9 system. Deletion of slpA in C. difficile resulted in smaller, smother-edged colonies, shorter bacterial cell size, and aggregation in suspension. For life cycle, the mutant demonstrated lower growth (changes of optical density at 600 nm, OD600) but higher cell density (colony-forming unit, CFU), decreased toxins production, and inhibited sporulation. Moreover, the mutant was more impaired in motility, more sensitive to vancomycin and Triton X-100-induced autolysis, releasing more lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, SlpA deficiency led to robust biofilm formation but weak adhesion to human host cells.IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been the most common hospital-acquired infection, with a high rate of antibiotic resistance and recurrence incidences, become a debilitating public health threat. It is urgently needed to study C. difficile pathogenesis for developing efficient strategies as CDI therapy. SlpA was indicated to play a key role in C. difficile pathogenesis. However, analysis of SlpA functions was hampered due to lack of isogenic slpA mutants. Surprisingly, the first slpA deletion C. difficile strain was generated in this study via CRISPR-Cas9, further negating the previous thought about slpA being essential. Results in this study will provide direct proof for roles of SlpA in C. difficile pathogenesis, which will facilitate future investigations for new targets as vaccines, new therapeutic agents, and intervention strategies in combating CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria C. Courreges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Lingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Bijay Gurung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Potter GR, Feuchtenberger BW, Sowinski HN, Roberts AJ, Siegel ER, Dietz MJ, Stambough JB, Bedard NA, Mears SC. How Many Patients Qualify for Extended Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis Infection Following Primary and Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasties? J Knee Surg 2024; 37:530-537. [PMID: 38101450 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis (EOAP) has been suggested to reduce rates of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) postoperatively after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of this multicenter study is to define how many TJA patients are considered high risk for developing PJI based on published EOAP criteria and determine whether this status is associated with socioeconomic or demographic factors. All primary and aseptic revision TJAs performed in 2019 at three academic medical centers were reviewed. High-risk status was defined based on prior published EOAP criteria. Area deprivation index (ADI) was calculated as a measure of socioeconomic status. Data were reported as means with standard deviation. Both overall and institutional differences were compared. Of the 2,511 patients (2,042 primary and 469 revision) in this cohort, 73.3% met criteria for high risk (primary: 72.9% [1,490] and revision: 74.6% [350]). Patient's race or age did not have a significant impact on risk designation; however, a larger proportion of high-risk patients were women (p = 0.002) and had higher Elixhauser scores (p < 0.001). The mean ADI for high-risk patients was higher (more disadvantaged) than for standard-risk patients (64.0 [20.8] vs. 59.4 [59.4]) (p < 0.001). Over 72% of primary and revision TJA patients at three medical centers met published criteria for EOAP. These patients were more often women, had more comorbidities, and lived in more disadvantaged areas. Our findings suggest that most patients qualify for EOAP, which may call for more stringent criteria on who would benefit extended antibiotic prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genna R Potter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Bennett W Feuchtenberger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Halee N Sowinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Austin J Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Matthew J Dietz
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jeffery B Stambough
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Simon C Mears
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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12
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Nosheen S, Mukhtar H, Haider S, Khan R, Sharif F. Tissue engineered multifunctional chitosan-modified polypropylene hernia mesh loaded with bioactive phyto-extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132282. [PMID: 38750855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Surface modified tissue engineered polypropylene / PP hernia meshes were fabricated by incorporating Bacterial cellulose / BC and chitosan / CS and phytochemical extracts. Under current practice, hernia and other traumatic injuries to the abdominal organs are clinically treated with surgical meshes. Often the foreign body reaction and infections result in relapse in patients which dictates additional reparative surgical procedures and pain. To improve the outcome of clinical restorative procedures new biomaterials with improved characteristics are required. The functionalized meshes were physically and chemically characterized using SEM, mechanical testing, FTIR and XRD. The antimicrobial activity was qualitatively and quantitatively tested using E. coli and S. aureus strains of bacteria. In vitro biocompatibility and wound healing effect of the modified meshes were performed using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Furthermore, tissue engineering potential of the meshes was evaluated using confocal fluorescent microscopy. In vivo implantation of the meshes was performed in male wistar rats for 21 days. Therefore, PP meshes with sustained drug delivery system augmented with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial characteristics were developed. The coatings hereby not only increased the tensile strength of meshes but also prevented the modified meshes from causing infection. Current study resulted in CS-BC bioactive PP meshes loaded with phytochemicals which showed anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound healing potential. These meshes can be valuable to lessen the post-surgical complications of implanted PP mesh and thus reduce rejection and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Nosheen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000; Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, UK.
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Yao T, Zeng X, Li H, Luo T, Tao X, Xu H. Metal-polyphenol coordination nanosheets with synergistic peroxidase-like and photothermal properties for efficient antibacterial treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132115. [PMID: 38719015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health and socioeconomics worldwide. In the post-antibiotic era, the development of novel antimicrobial agents remains a challenge. Polyphenols are natural compounds with a variety of biological activities such as intrinsic antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties. Metal-polyphenol obtained by chelation of polyphenol ligands with metal ions not only possesses efficient antimicrobial activity but also excellent biocompatibility, which has great potential for application in biomedical and food packaging fields. Herein, we developed metal-polyphenol coordination nanosheets named copper oxidized tannic acid quinone (CuTAQ) possessing efficient antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects, which was synthesized by a facile one-pot method. The synthesis was achieved by chelation of partially oxidized tannic acid (TA) with Cu2+ under mild conditions, which supports low-cost and large-scale production. It was demonstrated that CuTAQ exhibited high antibacterial activity via disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, inducing oxidative stress, and interfering with metabolism. In addition, CuTAQ exhibits excellent peroxidase catalytic activity and photothermal conversion properties, which play a significant role in enhancing its bactericidal and biofilm scavenging abilities. This study provides insights for rational design of innovative metal-polyphenol nanomaterials with efficient antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Xianxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, PR China.
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14
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Hussein M, Mahboob MBH, Tait JR, Grace JL, Montembault V, Fontaine L, Quinn JF, Velkov T, Whittaker MR, Landersdorfer CB. Providing insight into the mechanism of action of cationic lipidated oligomers using metabolomics. mSystems 2024; 9:e0009324. [PMID: 38606960 PMCID: PMC11097639 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of clinically relevant microbes against current commercially available antimicrobials underpins the urgent need for alternative and novel treatment strategies. Cationic lipidated oligomers (CLOs) are innovative alternatives to antimicrobial peptides and have reported antimicrobial potential. An understanding of their antimicrobial mechanism of action is required to rationally design future treatment strategies for CLOs, either in monotherapy or synergistic combinations. In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the potential metabolic pathways involved in the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of one CLO, C12-o-(BG-D)-10, which we have previously shown to be effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. The metabolomes of MRSA ATCC 43300 at 1, 3, and 6 h following treatment with C12-o-(BG-D)-10 (48 µg/mL, i.e., 3× MIC) were compared to those of the untreated controls. Our findings reveal that the studied CLO, C12-o-(BG-D)-10, disorganized the bacterial membrane as the first step toward its antimicrobial effect, as evidenced by marked perturbations in the bacterial membrane lipids and peptidoglycan biosynthesis observed at early time points, i.e., 1 and 3 h. Central carbon metabolism and the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, and arginine were also vigorously perturbed, mainly at early time points. Moreover, bacterial cells were under osmotic and oxidative stress across all time points, as evident by perturbations of trehalose biosynthesis and pentose phosphate shunt. Overall, this metabolomics study has, for the first time, revealed that the antimicrobial action of C12-o-(BG-D)-10 may potentially stem from the dysregulation of multiple metabolic pathways.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Novel anti-infective therapeutics are urgently needed to combat drug-resistant microorganisms. Cationic lipidated oligomers (CLOs) show promise as new antibacterial agents against Gram-positive pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Understanding their molecular mechanism(s) of antimicrobial action may help design synergistic CLO treatments along with monotherapy. Here, we describe the first metabolomics study to investigate the killing mechanism(s) of CLOs against MRSA. The results of our study indicate that the CLO, C12-o-(BG-D)-10, had a notable impact on the biosynthesis and organization of the bacterial cell envelope. C12-o-(BG-D)-10 also inhibits arginine, histidine, central carbon metabolism, and trehalose production, adding to its antibacterial characteristics. This work illuminates the unique mechanism of action of C12-o-(BG-D)-10 and opens an avenue to design innovative antibacterial oligomers/polymers for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maytham Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hassan Mahboob
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Tait
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James L. Grace
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - John F. Quinn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Toghroli R, Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Sharma M, Sharifi H, Jajarmi M. Explaining the barriers faced by veterinarians against preventing antimicrobial resistance: an innovative interdisciplinary qualitative study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:455. [PMID: 38689250 PMCID: PMC11059684 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the significance of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its adverse effects on individual and social health and the important and effective role that veterinarians play in controlling this growing issue worldwide, it is essential to have effective preventive control programs. To this aim, the first step is to identify the factors behind the prevalence of AMR in Iran and the barriers veterinarians face to controlling this problem. Thus, the present study was conducted to explain the barriers veterinarians faced in the prevention of AMR from an Iranian veterinarian's perspective. METHODS The present research was done in three cities in Iran in 2021. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 veterinarians selected through purposive and snowball sampling and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The data analysis results were classified into 4 main categories and 44 subcategories. The former included: educational factors, administrative/legal factors, client-related factors, and veterinarian-related factors. CONCLUSIONS The increased AMR can be approached from multiple aspects. Considering the different factors that affect the increased AMR, it is necessary to consider them all through effective planning and policy-making at multi-level and multidisciplinary dimensions. There is special attention needed to scientific and practical interventions at the individual, interpersonal, social, and even political levels. At the same time, measures should be taken to rehabilitate and maintain the health of society to strengthen supervision and attract the full participation of interested organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Toghroli
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Laleh Hassani
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, 89119, USA
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Feng J, Sun M, Liu C, Zhang W, Xu C, Wang J, Wang G, Wan S. SAMP: Identifying Antimicrobial Peptides by an Ensemble Learning Model Based on Proportionalized Split Amino Acid Composition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.590553. [PMID: 38712184 PMCID: PMC11071531 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.590553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
It is projected that 10 million deaths could be attributed to drug-resistant bacteria infections in 2050. To address this concern, identifying new-generation antibiotics is an effective way. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of innate immune effectors, have received significant attention for their capacity to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Recent years have witnessed widespread applications of computational methods especially machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for discovering AMPs. However, existing methods only use features including compositional, physiochemical, and structural properties of peptides, which cannot fully capture sequence information from AMPs. Here, we present SAMP, an ensemble random projection (RP) based computational model that leverages a new type of features called Proportionalized Split Amino Acid Composition (PSAAC) in addition to conventional sequence-based features for AMP prediction. With this new feature set, SAMP captures the residue patterns like sorting signals at around both the N-terminus and the C-terminus, while also retaining the sequence order information from the middle peptide fragments. Benchmarking tests on different balanced and imbalanced datasets demonstrate that SAMP consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, such as iAMPpred and AMPScanner V2, in terms of accuracy, MCC, G-measure and F1-score. In addition, by leveraging an ensemble RP architecture, SAMP is scalable to processing large-scale AMP identification with further performance improvement, compared to those models without RP. To facilitate the use of SAMP, we have developed a Python package freely available at https://github.com/wan-mlab/SAMP .
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17
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Jha PK, Jaidumrong T, Rokaya D, Ovatlarnporn C. Callistemon viminalis leaf extract phytochemicals modified silver-ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide nanocomposite biosynthesis: application on nanocoating photocatalytic Escherichia coli disinfection. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11017-11026. [PMID: 38586445 PMCID: PMC10995692 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01355g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are of great interest due to antibiotic-resistant problems around the globe due to bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. In this study, a novel green biosynthesis of silver-ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide nanocomposite using Callistemon viminalis leaf extract as a reducing agent using zinc nitrate hexahydrate, silver nitrate, and ruthenium(iii) chloride as capping agents was reported. The results demonstrated that the surface morphology of the prepared bimetallic nanocomposite by scanning electron microscopy was hexagonal in shape for zinc nanoparticle, rectangular in shape for silver nanoparticle, and tetragonal in shape for ruthenium nanoparticle, having an average surface size 25, 35, and 55 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of compounds containing alkene, halo-, sulfoxide, phenol, nitro-, phenyl-ester, carboxylic acid, amines, and alcohols which act as functional groups attached to the surface of nanocomposites. Results from X-ray diffraction analysis found 81.12% crystallinity and hexagonal structure of zinc nanoparticles, rectangular structure of silver nanoparticles, and tetragonal structure of ruthenium nanoparticles, which are also similar to the results from transmission electron microscopy analysis. The average size distribution by dynamic light scattering of silver-ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide nanocomposite was 255 nm, which confirms the biosynthesis of non-uniform size. Photo-disinfection activity of a silver-ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide nanocomposite against Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater under dark and ultraviolet-A irradiation conditions was observed. The antibacterial activity was calculated at 2.42704239, ensuring the silver-ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide nanomaterials have photo-disinfection properties. The results from this study revealed that the developed novel antibacterial nanocomposite of silver-ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide is useful in nanocoating photocatalytic Escherichia coli disinfection and can be applied to disinfect surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Tunyakamon Jaidumrong
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University Zarqa 13110 Jordan
| | - Chitchamai Ovatlarnporn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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18
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Mirha H, Ali SH, Aamar H, Sadiq M, Tharwani ZH, Habib Z, Malikzai A. The impact of antibiotic resistance on the rampant spread of infectious diseases in Pakistan: Insights from a narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2050. [PMID: 38655423 PMCID: PMC11035969 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health emergency which has seen an uptick in low- to middle-income countries in recent times due to a plethora of aggravating factors and has led to a whole host of setting-specific pathogens registering high rates of resistance, causing outbreaks with graver mortality and morbidity. This review analyzes available literature to determine the causes and effects of ABR and recommend solutions to the problem in a Pakistani setting. Methods Sources for this narrative review were identified via electronic databases using keyword search methods. The information was retrieved using databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Additionally, websites such as CDC and World Health Organization were used to attain pertinent information. All the sources were selected as per their relevance and appropriateness toward the purpose of this review. Results This review details the causes by dividing them into three primary strata, namely (1) under-regulation, (2) over-prescription and self-medication, and (3) lack of medical stewardship. This is made much graver when the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent erratic treatment response is considered, with the pandemic augmenting already high levels of consumption. These factors have led a cascade of effects including, but not limited to, a considerable increase in ABR in pathogens to first-line drugs. Conclusion ABR is a serious and growing issue which will result in undesirable personal, local, and national consequences if unchecked. Mitigation and reversal of this trend is necessary by developing existing programs and investing in novel therapies and pharmaceutical research and strengthening regulatory policies and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania‐Tul Mirha
- CMH Lahore Medical CollegeNational University of Medical SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Syed H. Ali
- Dow Medical College, Faculty of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Humna Aamar
- Faculty of Medicine, Sindh Medical CollegeJinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Mahnoor Sadiq
- Dow Medical College, Faculty of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Zoaib H. Tharwani
- Dow Medical College, Faculty of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
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Li Q, Zhou X, Yang R, Shen X, Li G, Zhang C, Li P, Li S, Xie J, Yang Y. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in ICUs: resistance genes, therapeutics, and prevention - a comprehensive review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1376513. [PMID: 38601497 PMCID: PMC11004409 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive care units (ICUs) are specialized environments dedicated to the management of critically ill patients, who are particularly susceptible to drug-resistant bacteria. Among these, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) pose a significant threat endangering the lives of ICU patients. Carbapenemase production is a key resistance mechanism in CR-GNB, with the transfer of resistance genes contributing to the extensive emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). CR-GNB infections are widespread in ICUs, highlighting an urgent need for prevention and control measures to reduce mortality rates associated with CR-GNB transmission or infection. This review provides an overview of key aspects surrounding CR-GNB within ICUs. We examine the mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance, the resistance genes that frequently occur with CR-GNB infections in ICU, and the therapeutic options against carbapenemase genotypes. Additionally, we highlight crucial preventive measures to impede the transmission and spread of CR-GNB within ICUs, along with reviewing the advances made in the field of clinical predictive modeling research, which hold excellent potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rou Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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20
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Abu Jaber AMR, Basgut B, Hawan AA, Al Shehri AA, AlKahtani SA, Ahmed NJ, Abdi A. The Clinical Efficacy of Adding Ceftazidime/Avibactam to Standard Therapy in Treating Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia with blaOXA-48-like Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:265. [PMID: 38534700 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is FDA-approved for managing infections caused by resistant gram-negative bacilli, particularly infections via carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales pathogens. The clinical data are still limited, particularly those in Saudi Arabia. The present study is a retrospective cohort study that was carried out at the Armed Forces Hospital in the southern region of Saudi Arabia to compare the clinical and microbiological outcomes for CAZ-AVI-treated patients as monotherapy and as an add-on to standard therapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) OXA-48 infections to those treated with standard drugs. The study included CRKP OXA-48-like infected patients who were administered antibiotics for more than seven days from 1 August 2018 to May 2023. Patients' baseline characteristics and demography were extracted from the clinical records, and their clinical/microbiology efficiencies were assessed as per the corresponding definitions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify the potential independent variable for CAZ-AVI efficiency. A total of 114 patient files were included for the evaluation. Among these patients, 64 used CAZ-AVI combined with standard therapy and were included in the intervention group, and 50 of them used standard therapy and were included in the comparative group. Following analysis, CAZ-AVI's clinical success was 42.2% (p = 0.028), while the intervention versus comparative groups showed decreased 30-day all-cause mortality (50.0% versus 70.0%; p = 0.036) and infection recurrence (7.8% versus 24.0%; p = 0.019), as well as substantially increased rates of microbial eradication (68.8% versus 42.0%; p = 0.007). CAZ-AVI add-on therapy rather than monotherapy showed statistically significant favored clinical and microbial outcomes over the standard therapy. Furthermore, sex (female %), ICU admission, and fever were negatively associated with patients' 30-day all-cause mortality, serving as independent negative factors. Only fever, CRP bio levels, inotropes, and ICU admissions were significant predictors influencing the CAZ-AVI's clinical efficiency. The duration of CAZ-AVI therapy positively influenced CAZ-AVI's microbial eradication, while both WBC counts and fever experiences were negative predictors. This study shows the effective usage of CAZ-AVI against CRKP OXA-48-like infections. The influencing independent variables depicted here should recommend that clinicians individualize the CAZ-AVI dose based on co-existing risk factors to achieve optimal survival and efficacy. Prospective multicenter and randomized control studies are recommended, with individualized CAZ-AVI precision administration implemented based on patients' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Maamon R Abu Jaber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Northern Cyprus TR-10 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Basgut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baskent University, Ankara 06790, Turkey
| | - Ali Abdullah Hawan
- The Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region AFHSR, Khamis Mushait 62413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Amer Al Shehri
- The Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region AFHSR, Khamis Mushait 62413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nehad J Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdikarim Abdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Northern Cyprus TR-10 Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, İstanbul 34755, Turkey
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Guan D, Liu J, Chen F, Li J, Wang X, Lu W, Suo Y, Tang F, Lan L, Lu X, Huang W. A Vancomycin-Templated DNA-Encoded Library for Combating Drug-Resistant Bacteria. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3778-3794. [PMID: 38482826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
It is an urgent need to tackle the global crisis of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. We report here an innovative strategy for large-scale screening of new antibacterial agents using a whole bacteria-based DNA-encoded library (DEL) of vancomycin derivatives via peripheral modifications. A bacterial binding affinity assay was established to select the modification fragments in high-affinity compounds. The optimal resynthesized derivatives demonstrated excellently enhanced activity against various resistant bacterial strains and provided useful structures for vancomycin derivatization. This work presents the new concept in a natural product-templated DEL and in antibiotic discovery through bacterial affinity screening, which promotes the fight against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanrui Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lefu Lan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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22
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Li W, He Z, Di W, Xu W, Li Y, Sun B. Transposition mechanism of IS Apl1-the determinant of colistin resistance dissemination. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0123123. [PMID: 38289082 PMCID: PMC10916398 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01231-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, a prominent family of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, causes a wide range of severe diseases. Strains carrying the mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene show resistance to polymyxin, the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. However, the transmission of mcr-1 is not well understood. In this study, genomes of mcr-1-positive strains were obtained from the NCBI database, revealing their widespread distribution in China. We also showed that ISApl1, a crucial factor in mcr-1 transmission, is capable of self-transposition. Moreover, the self-cyclization of ISApl1 is mediated by its own encoded transposase. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment validated that the transposase can bind to the inverted repeats (IRs) on both ends, facilitating the cyclization of ISApl1. Through knockout or shortening of IRs at both ends of ISApl1, we demonstrated that the cyclization of ISApl1 is dependent on the sequences of the IRs at both ends. Simultaneously, altering the ATCG content of the bases at both ends of ISApl1 can impact the excision rate by modifying the binding ability between IRs and ISAPL1. Finally, we showed that heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) can inhibit ISApl1 transposition by binding to the IRs and preventing ISAPL1 binding and expression. In conclusion, the regulation of ISApl1-self-circling is predominantly controlled by the inverted repeat (IR) sequence and the HU protein. This molecular mechanism deepens our comprehension of mcr-1 dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhien He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Di
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baolin Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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23
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Ibrahim RB, Ona H, Chokkalla AK, Tam E, Devaraj S. Validation of a whole blood machine learning strategy for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infection in a pediatric hospital setting. Pract Lab Med 2024; 39:e00387. [PMID: 38511106 PMCID: PMC10952075 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Similar symptoms between viral and bacterial diseases often make diagnosis difficult. This study assessed the clinical performance of the newly cleared whole-blood Bacterial versus Viral Score assay in our pediatric cohort to the previously validated serum assay and emergency department physician diagnosis. This assay shows excellent agreement (R = 0.997) with the serum assay and has great diagnostic accuracy when compared to physician diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan B. Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herda Ona
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K. Chokkalla
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estella Tam
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Alenazi NA, Aleanizy FS, Alqahtani FY, Aldossari AA, Alanazi MM, Alfaraj R. Anti-quorum sensing activity of poly-amidoamine dendrimer generation 5 dendrimer loaded kinase inhibitor peptide against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101932. [PMID: 38261946 PMCID: PMC10797154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant concern in both healthcare and community settings, as it causes numerous infections worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. One promising strategy is to target the quorum sensing (QS) system of MRSA using a dendrimer loaded with kinase inhibitor peptide. The present investigation has formulated a poly-amidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) G5 dendrimer that is loaded with Quorum Quencher (QQ) peptide, which functions as a histidine kinase inhibitor. The particle average size of the formulated G5-QQ3 complex was determined to be 276 nm, and polydispersity index values of 0.33. The MIC50 for the formulated nanoparticles was 18 μM as demonstrated by a growth assay. Furthermore, the G5-QQ3 complex was able to inhibit the hemolysis activity of the MRSA with a concentration of 10 μM, and for Staphylococcus aureus was 3 μM. The G5-QQ3 complex possesses the ability to inhibit, penetrate, and eradicate biofilm in MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, and different agr mutants with inhibition percentages ranging from 60 to 72%. Furthermore, live/dead viability assay confirmed the ability of the formulated nanoparticles to effectively kill all strains within the biofilm structure as evidenced by a confocal microscope, and the cytotoxicity of the G5-QQ3 complex was dose-dependent (p < 0.05). against RAW 264.7 cells. In general, the study confirmed that encapsulating QQ3 peptide within PAMAM G5 dendrimer results in a potent anti-virulence and anti-bacterial action and suggests a synergistic effect. The findings of this study have significant implications for the development of new treatments for MRSA infections, which are a major public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifa A. Alenazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadilah S. Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fulwah Y. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihaf Alfaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Singh A, Kaur K, Mohana P, Singh K, Sharma A, Prajapati J, Goswami D, Khosla N, Kaur U, Kaur R, Kaur R, Rana A, Kour S, Ohri P, Arora S, Chadha R, Singh Bedi PM. The development of thymol-isatin hybrids as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with potent anti-MRSA activity. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:234-253. [PMID: 38283229 PMCID: PMC10809352 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance toward available therapeutic agents has become a nightmare for the healthcare system, causing significant mortality as well as prolonged hospitalization, thereby needing the urgent attention of research groups working on antimicrobial drug development worldwide. Molecular hybridization is a well-established tool for developing multifunctional compounds to tackle drug resistance. Inspired by the antibacterial profiles of isatin and thymol, along with the efficiency of a triazole linker in molecular hybridization, herein, we report the design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of a novel series of triazole tethered thymol-isatin hybrids. Most of the hybrids exhibited a broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against standard human pathogenic as well as clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacterial strains listed in the WHO's 'priority pathogen' list and also in the ESKAPE group. Among them, hybrid compound AS8 was the most effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 1.9 μM and MBC = 3.9 μM), exhibiting biofilm inhibitory potential. AS8 exhibited dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM) inhibitory potential in MRSA and decreased the production of virulence factor staphyloxanthin, which is one of the key mechanisms of its anti-MRSA efficacy, which was further supported by molecular docking and simulation studies. Moreover, AS8 was found to be non-toxic and showed a potent in vivo antibacterial efficacy (90% survival at 10 mg kg-1) as well as a modulated immune response in the larva-based (Galleria mellonella) model of systemic infections. Overall findings confirmed that AS8 can be a promising candidate or take the lead in the treatment and further drug development against drug-resistant infectious diseases, especially against MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Pallvi Mohana
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Jignesh Prajapati
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujrat University Ahmedabad Gujrat 380009 India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujrat University Ahmedabad Gujrat 380009 India
| | - Neha Khosla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business Management, Chandigarh University Gharuan 140413 India
| | - Rajanbir Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Abhineet Rana
- EMC Super Speciality Hospital Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Sandeep Kour
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
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26
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Hussein M, Sun Z, Hawkey J, Allobawi R, Judd LM, Carbone V, Sharma R, Thombare V, Baker M, Rao GG, Li J, Holt KE, Velkov T. High-level nitrofurantoin resistance in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae: a comparative genomics and metabolomics analysis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0097223. [PMID: 38078757 PMCID: PMC10805014 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00972-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrofurantoin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by the problematic multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. The present study aims to elucidate the mechanism of nitrofurantoin action and high-level resistance in K. pneumoniae using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), qPCR analysis, mutation structural modeling and untargeted metabolomic analysis. WGS profiling of evolved highly resistant mutants (nitrofurantoin minimum inhibitory concentrations > 256 mg/L) revealed modified expression of several genes related to membrane transport (porin ompK36 and efflux pump regulator oqxR) and nitroreductase activity (ribC and nfsB, involved in nitrofurantoin reduction). Untargeted metabolomics analysis of total metabolites extracted at 1 and 4 h post-nitrofurantoin treatment revealed that exposure to the drug caused a delayed effect on the metabolome which was most pronounced after 4 h. Pathway enrichment analysis illustrated that several complex interrelated metabolic pathways related to nitrofurantoin bacterial killing (aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, purine metabolism, central carbohydrate metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis) and the development of nitrofurantoin resistance (riboflavin metabolism) were significantly perturbed. This study highlights for the first time the key role of efflux pump regulator oqxR in nitrofurantoin resistance and reveals global metabolome perturbations in response to nitrofurantoin, in K. pneumoniae.IMPORTANCEA quest for novel antibiotics and revitalizing older ones (such as nitrofurantoin) for treatment of difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacterial infections has become increasingly popular. The precise antibacterial activity of nitrofurantoin is still not fully understood. Furthermore, although the prevalence of nitrofurantoin resistance remains low currently, the drug's fast-growing consumption worldwide highlights the need to comprehend the emerging resistance mechanisms. Here, we used multidisciplinary techniques to discern the exact mechanism of nitrofurantoin action and high-level resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common cause of urinary tract infections for which nitrofurantoin is the recommended treatment. We found that the expression of multiple genes related to membrane transport (including active efflux and passive diffusion of drug molecules) and nitroreductase activity was modified in nitrofurantoin-resistant strains, including oqxR, the transcriptional regulator of the oqxAB efflux pump. Furthermore, complex interconnected metabolic pathways that potentially govern the nitrofurantoin-killing mechanisms (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis) and nitrofurantoin resistance (riboflavin metabolism) were significantly inhibited following nitrofurantoin treatment. Our study could help inform the improvement of nitrofuran derivatives, the development of new pharmacophores, or drug combinations to support the resurgence of nitrofurantoin in the management of multidrug resistant K. pneumouniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maytham Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zetao Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Hawkey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rafah Allobawi
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M. Judd
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics (DAMG), 12 Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Carbone
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Center, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rajnikant Sharma
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Varsha Thombare
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Baker
- Discipline of Biological 17 Sciences, Priority Research Center in Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Science and IT, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Balakumar A, Bernstein D, Thangamani S. The adhesin SCF1 mediates Candida auris colonization. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:4-5. [PMID: 37951769 PMCID: PMC10872899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging human fungal pathogen that can rapidly spread and cause outbreaks of invasive infections. Santana et al. discovered that a novel surface colonization factor (SCF1), and a conserved adhesin, Iff4109, mediates C. auris colonization on abiotic surfaces, skin, and virulence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Balakumar
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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28
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Kulshrestha M, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Bacteriophage therapy against ESKAPE bacterial pathogens: Current status, strategies, challenges, and future scope. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106467. [PMID: 38036110 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The ESKAPE pathogens are the primary threat due to their constant spread of drug resistance worldwide. These pathogens are also regarded as opportunistic pathogens and could potentially cause nosocomial infections. Most of the ESKAPE pathogens have developed resistance to almost all the antibiotics that are used against them. Therefore, to deal with antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent requirement for alternative non-antibiotic strategies to combat this rising issue of drug-resistant organisms. One of the promising alternatives to this scenario is implementing bacteriophage therapy. This under-explored mode of treatment in modern medicine has posed several concerns, such as preferable phages for the treatment, impact on the microbiome (or gut microflora), dose optimisation, safety, etc. The review will cover a rationale for phage therapy, clinical challenges, and propose phage therapy as an effective therapeutic against bacterial coinfections during pandemics. This review also addresses the expected uncertainties for administering the phage as a treatment against the ESKAPE pathogens and the advantages of using lytic phage over temperate, the immune response to phages, and phages in combinational therapies. The interaction between bacteria and bacteriophages in humans and countless animal models can also be used to design novel and futuristic therapeutics like personalised medicine or bacteriophages as anti-biofilm agents. Hence, this review explores different aspects of phage therapy and its potential to emerge as a frontline therapy against the ESKAPE bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India.
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29
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Kar B, Kundu CN, Singh MK, Dehury B, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Identification of potential inhibitor against CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 proteins: an in silico and in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:177-193. [PMID: 36995090 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae infection is a serious global threat. ESBLs target 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics, the most commonly prescribed medicine for gram-negative bacterial infections. As bacteria are prone to develop resistance against market-available ESBL inhibitors, finding a novel and effective inhibitor has become mandatory. Among ESBL, the worldwide reported two enzymes, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-3, are selected for the present study. CTX-M-3 protein was modeled, and two thousand phyto-compounds were virtually screened against both proteins. After filtering through docking and pharmacokinetic properties, four phyto-compounds (catechin gallate, silibinin, luteolin, uvaol) were further selected for intermolecular contact analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD trajectory analysis results were compared, revealing that both catechin gallate and silibinin had a stabilizing effect against both proteins. Silibinin having the lowest docking score, also displayed the lowest MIC (128 µg/mL) against the bacterial strains. Silibinin was also reported to have synergistic activity with cefotaxime and proved to have bactericidal effect. Nitrocefin assay confirmed that silibinin could inhibit beta-lactamase enzyme only in living cells, unlike clavulanic acid. Thus the present study validated the CTX-M inhibitory activity of silibinin both in silico and in vitro and suggested its promotion for further studies as a potential lead. The present study adopted a protocol through the culmination of bioinformatics and microbiological analyses, which will help future researchers identify more potential leads and design new effective drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Kar
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahender Kumar Singh
- Data Science Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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30
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Lin H, Song L, Zhou S, Fan C, Zhang M, Huang R, Zhou R, Qiu J, Ma S, He J. A Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide Targeting Staphylococcus aureus with a Dual Function of Inhibiting Quorum Sensing Signaling and an Antibacterial Effect. J Med Chem 2023; 66:17105-17117. [PMID: 38099725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now a major cause of bacterial infection. Antivirulence therapy does not stimulate evolution of a pathogen toward a resistant phenotype, providing a novel method to treat infectious diseases. Here, we used a cyclic peptide of CP7, an AIP-III variant that specifically inhibited the virulence and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in a nonbiocidal manner, to conjugate with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (AMP) via two N-termini to obtain a hybrid AMP called CP7-FP13-2. This peptide not only specifically inhibited the production of virulence of S. aureus at low micromolar concentrations but also killed S. aureus, including MRSA, by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. In addition, CP7-FP13-2 inhibited the formation of the S. aureus biofilm and showed good antimicrobial efficacy against the S. aureus-infected Kunming mice model. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy against the resistance and virulence of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Lin
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, 120 Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P. R. China
| | - Li Song
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Shaofen Zhou
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqiong Fan
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Minna Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, 120 Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P. R. China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jingnan Qiu
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Ma
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jian He
- Group of peptides and natural products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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31
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Lim AL, Miller BW, Lin Z, Fisher MA, Barrows LR, Haygood MG, Schmidt EW. Resistance mechanisms for Gram-negative bacteria-specific lipopeptides, turnercyclamycins, differ from that of colistin. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0230623. [PMID: 37882570 PMCID: PMC10714751 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02306-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a crisis. Acinetobacter baumannii is among the CDC urgent threat pathogens in part for this reason. Lipopeptides known as turnercyclamycins are produced by symbiotic bacteria that normally live in marine mollusks, where they may be involved in shaping their symbiotic niche. Turnercyclamycins killed Gram-negative pathogens including drug-resistant Acinetobacter, but how do the mechanisms of resistance compare to other lipopeptide drugs? Here, we define resistance from a truncation of MlaA, a protein involved in regulating bacterial membrane phospholipids. Intriguingly, this resistance mechanism only affected one turnercyclamycin variant, which differed only in two atoms in the lipid tail of the compounds. We could not obtain significant resistance to the second turnercyclamycin variant, which was also effective in an infection model. This study reveals an unexpected subtlety in resistance to lipopeptide antibiotics, which may be useful in the design and development of antibiotics to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albebson L. Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bailey W. Miller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark A. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Louis R. Barrows
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Margo G. Haygood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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32
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Datta A, Das D, Nett JE, Vyas JM, Lionakis MS, Thangamani S. Differential skin immune responses in mice intradermally infected with Candida auris and Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0221523. [PMID: 37811989 PMCID: PMC10848846 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02215-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Candida auris is a globally emerging fungal pathogen that transmits among individuals in hospitals and nursing home residents. Unlike other Candida species, C. auris predominantly colonizes and persists in skin tissue, resulting in outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Understanding the factors that regulate C. auris skin colonization is critical to develop novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against this emerging pathogen. We established a model of intradermal C. auris inoculation in mice and found that mice infected with C. auris elicit less potent innate and adaptive immune responses in the infected skin compared to C. albicans. These findings help explain the clinical observation of persistent C. auris colonization in skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Datta
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Diprasom Das
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeniel E. Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Gogoi I, Saikia S, Sharma M, Onyango AO, Puzari M, Chetia P. Prevalence and distribution pattern of AmpC β-lactamases in ESBL producing clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. in parts of Assam, India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:38. [PMID: 38062277 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases is the most common explanation of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. In the present study, a total of 160 isolates of Klebsiella spp. were procured from the DBT-NER project with ethical clearance no. DU/Dib/ECBHR(Human)/2021-22/02). These were collected from various health settings of Assam and identified as drug-resistant. The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and phenotypic tests were performed on multidrug resistant isolates to confirm ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases production. The distribution pattern of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genotype was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that among 107 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Klebsiella spp., 67.28% of isolates were ESBL producers and 56.07% were potential AmpC producers. The PCR results revealed that blaCTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL genotype. Among the ESBL producers, 11.11% of isolates showed co-occurrence with plasmid-mediated AmpC β lactamases genotype which indicated the high prevalence of ESBL and AmpC co-producers in K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca, suggesting the possibility of serious public health concerns. Therefore, it is crucial to regularly monitor the spread of multidrug resistance among clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Gogoi
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Shyamalima Saikia
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- Integrated Molecular Diagnostic and Research Laboratory (BSL-2), District Hospital Tuensang, Tuensang, Nagaland, 798612, India
| | - Amos Oloo Onyango
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Minakshi Puzari
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Pankaj Chetia
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
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Gholizadeh A, Khiadani M, Foroughi M, Alizade Siuki H, Mehrfar H. Wastewater treatment plants: The missing link in global One-Health surveillance and management of antibiotic resistance. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16 Suppl 1:217-224. [PMID: 37865529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a global public health crisis, antibiotic resistance (AR) should be monitored and managed under the One-Health concept according to the World Health Organization (WHO), considering the interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment. But this approach often remains focused on human health and rarely on the environment and its compartments, especially wastewater as the main AR receptor. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) not only are not designed for reliving AR but also provide appropriate conditions for enhancing AR through different mechanisms. METHODS By reviewing the research-based statistics on the inclusion of WWTPs in the One-Health/AR program crisis, this paper highlights the importance of paying attention to these hotspots, at first. Also, the importance and technical roadmap for the application of WWTPs in both surveillance and management of AR were provided. The current position of these facilities was also evaluated using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. In the end, the concluding knowledge gaps and research needs for future investigations were presented. RESULTS Despite the fact that wastewater matrices are the hotspot for AR dissemination, WWTPs appear under-represented in One-Health/AR literature. So, of the 414434 articles retrieved for One-Health only 1.5% (n = 6321) focused on AR and about 0.04% (n = 158) on WWTPs. The potential of WWTPs inclusion in AR surveillance has been confirmed by several studies, however, when it comes to its inclusion for management of AR, more evidence should be presented, which confirmed by SWOT results. DISCUSSION As such, WWTPs simultaneously provide opportunities for AR surveillance as it is assumed that this medium can reflect the reality of the corresponding society, and for managing unexpected crises which could impact the public. Nonetheless, there are still numerous considerations to change WWTPs role from Achilles' heel to Ajax' shield, including strengthening the research-based knowledge and conducting both surveillance and management strategies of AR under One-Health concept (One-Health/AR) in a clear straightforward framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khiadani
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Maryam Foroughi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Hadi Alizade Siuki
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hadi Mehrfar
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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Tuor M, LeibundGut-Landmann S. The skin mycobiome and intermicrobial interactions in the cutaneous niche. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 76:102381. [PMID: 37703811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian microbiomes have coevolved with their host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship. Multifaceted commensal-host and commensal-commensal interactions contribute to the maintenance of the equilibrium with an impact on diverse host physiological processes. Despite constant exposure to physical and chemical insults from the environment, the skin harbors a surprisingly stable microbiome. The fungal compartment of the skin microbiome, the skin mycobiome, is unique in that it is dominated by a single fungus, Malassezia. The lack in diversity suggests that the skin may provide a unique niche for this fungal genus and that Malassezia may efficiently outcompete other fungi from the skin. This opinion article examines aspects in support of this hypothesis, discusses how changes in niche conditions associate with skin mycobiome dysregulation, and highlights an emerging example of Malassezia being displaced from the skin by the emerging fungal pathogen C. auris, thereby generating a predisposing situation for fatal-invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Tuor
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ali SG, Haseen U, Jalal M, Khan RA, Alsalme A, Ahmad H, Khan HM. Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from the Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Photocatalytic Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7499. [PMID: 38005229 PMCID: PMC10673068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of the Aegle marmelos plant were used for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and further characterized by different techniques, including (Ultra Violet-Visible) UV-Vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis showed a peak at 330 nm, which may be due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon. XRD analysis showed the crystalline nature of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). In contrast, SEM showed that nanoparticles were not aggregated or clumped, EDX showed the presence of elemental copper., and further, the TEM analysis revealed the average particle size of copper oxide nanoparticles to be 32 nm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcusaureus (S. aureus) was found to be 400 µg/mL, whereas for Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida dubliniensis (C. dubliniensis) it was 800 µg/mL. The zone of inhibition in the well diffusion assay showed the antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles, and it also showed that as the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles increased, the zone of inhibition also increased. Further, the electron microscopic view of the interaction between copper oxide nanoparticles and C. albicans cells showed that CuO NPs were internalized and attached to the cell membrane, which caused changes in the cellular structure and caused deformities which eventually led to cell death. The prepared CuO NPs showed significant photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Uzma Haseen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Haris Manzoor Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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37
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Kang M, Lee DM, Hyun I, Rubab N, Kim SH, Kim SW. Advances in Bioresorbable Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11559-11618. [PMID: 37756249 PMCID: PMC10571046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand for next-generation health care, the integration of electronic components into implantable medical devices (IMDs) has become a vital factor in achieving sophisticated healthcare functionalities such as electrophysiological monitoring and electroceuticals worldwide. However, these devices confront technological challenges concerning a noninvasive power supply and biosafe device removal. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure continuous operation and patient comfort and minimize the physical and economic burden on the patient and the healthcare system. This Review highlights the promising capabilities of bioresorbable triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) as temporary self-clearing power sources and self-powered IMDs. First, we present an overview of and progress in bioresorbable triboelectric energy harvesting devices, focusing on their working principles, materials development, and biodegradation mechanisms. Next, we examine the current state of on-demand transient implants and their biomedical applications. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives of B-TENGs, aimed at expanding their technological scope and developing innovative solutions. This Review discusses advancements in materials science, chemistry, and microfabrication that can advance the scope of energy solutions available for IMDs. These innovations can potentially change the current health paradigm, contribute to enhanced longevity, and reshape the healthcare landscape soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Kang
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inah Hyun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Najaf Rubab
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon
University, Seongnam 13120, Republic
of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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38
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Carty J, Chowdhary A, Bernstein D, Thangamani S. Tools and techniques to identify, study, and control Candida auris. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011698. [PMID: 37856418 PMCID: PMC10586630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, is an emerging fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Unlike many other Candida species that colonize the intestine, C. auris most efficiently colonizes the skin. Such colonization contaminates the patient's environment and can result in rapid nosocomial transmission. In addition, this transmission can lead to outbreaks of systemic infections that have mortality rates between 40% and 60%. C. auris isolates resistant to all known classes of antifungals have been identified and as such, understanding the underlying biochemical mechanisms of how skin colonization initiates and progresses is critical to developing better therapeutic options. With this review, we briefly summarize what is known about horizontal transmission and current tools used to identify, understand, and control C. auris infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carty
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Medical Mycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Fungal Pathogens, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Douglas Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), Indiana, United States of America
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Wada FW, Mekonnen MF, Sawiso ED, Kolato S, Woldegiorgis L, Kera GK, El-Khatib Z, Ashuro AA, Biru M, Boltena MT. Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14655. [PMID: 37670001 PMCID: PMC10480146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetic foot ulcer patients is substantially increasing, with the rapidly rising burden of diabetic mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. The data on the regional prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer infecting bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for its proper management. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of bacterial profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed on CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Critical appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool for prevalence studies. A pooled statistical meta-analysis was conducted using STATA Version 17.0. The I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias. The pooled prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval of bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were estimated using a random effect model. Eleven studies with a total of 1174 study participants and 1701 bacteria isolates were included. The pooled prevalence of the most common bacterial isolates obtained from DFU were S. aureus (34.34%), E. coli (21.16%), and P. aeruginosa (20.98%). The highest pooled resistance pattern of S. aureus was towards Gentamicin (57.96%) and Ciprofloxacin (52.45%). E.coli and K. Pneumoniae showed more than a 50% resistance rate for the most common antibiotics tested. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were associated with diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings are important for planning treatment with the appropriate antibiotics in the region. The high antimicrobial resistance prevalence rate indicates the need for context-specific effective strategies aimed at infection prevention and evidence-based alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiseha Wadilo Wada
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Edlawit Desta Sawiso
- Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (NEMMCSH), Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Sitotaw Kolato
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Ziad El-Khatib
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mulatu Biru
- USAID Eliminate TB Project, KNCV, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Minyahil Tadesse Boltena
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian-Evidence Based Health Care Centre: A JBI Center of Excellence, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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40
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Szepe CK, Kafle A, Bhattarai S, Handy ST, Farone MB. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Aurone-Derived Triazoles on Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1370. [PMID: 37760667 PMCID: PMC10525585 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria continue to pose a significant public health threat despite their overall decreasing numbers in the last two decades. One group of compounds fundamental to the search for new agents is low-cost natural products. In this study, we explored a group of newly synthesized novel aurone-derived triazole compounds to identify those with pharmaceutical potential as inhibitors of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Using the broth microdilution method, antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA) were identified for four aurone-derived triazole compounds, AT106, AT116, AT125, and AT137, using the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for the bacteria (IC50) and mammalian cell lines (CC50). Compounds AT125 and AT137 were identified to have pharmaceutical potential as the IC50 values against MRSA were 5.412 µM and 3.870 µM, whereas the CC50 values measured on HepG2 cells were 50.57 µM and 39.81 µM, respectively, resulting in selectivity indexes (SI) > 10. Compounds AT106 and AT116 were also selected for further study. IC50 values for these compounds were 5.439 µM and 3.178 µM, and the CC50 values were 60.33 µM and 50.87 µM, respectively; however, SI values > 10 were for MSSA only. Furthermore, none of the selected compounds showed significant hemolytic activity for human erythrocytes. We also tested the four compounds against S. aureus biofilms. Although AT116 and AT125 successfully disrupted MSSA biofilms, there was no measurable potency against MRSA biofilms. Checkerboard antibiotic assays to identify inhibitory mechanisms for these compounds indicated activity against bacterial cell membranes and cell walls, supporting the pharmaceutical potential for aurone-derived triazoles against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Examining structure-activity relationships between the four compounds in this study and other aurone-derived triazoles in our library suggest that substitution with a halogen on either the salicyl ring or triazole aryl group along with triazoles having nitrile groups improves anti-Staphylococcal activity with the location of the functionality being very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Klara Szepe
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (S.T.H.)
| | - Shrijana Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (S.T.H.)
| | - Scott T. Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (S.T.H.)
| | - Mary B. Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
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Ahmed EF, Rasmi AH, Darwish AMA, Gad GFM. Prevalence and resistance profile of bacteria isolated from wound infections among a group of patients in upper Egypt: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:106. [PMID: 37337258 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional survey aimed to identify aerobic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance, and multi-drug resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from different wound infections among a group of Egyptian patients. RESULTS Of 120 positive samples, 170 isolates were identified. Polymicrobial infections were determined in 55% of samples. The dominant Gram-positive isolated strains were Staphylococcus aureus, especially from wound infections because of accidents (71.8%). Piperacillin, methicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were all highly resistant to S. aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in wound infections was 89.9%. S. aureus showed superior sensitivity to vancomycin (85.3%) and linezolid (81.3%). The highest prevalence of Gram-negative isolates was for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%), which was highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (79.2%) and highly resistant to levofloxacin (83.3%). Several isolates revealed a multi-drug resistance profile (52.4%). The overall MDR rate of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates were 50% and 54.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MRSA isolated from various wound infections and MDR is a warning issue in Upper Egypt. It should implement a health education strategy and hygiene measures to prevent the spread of wound infection-causing organisms in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Farouk Ahmed
- Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524, Province, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Asia Helmi Rasmi
- Teaching assistant of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Elminya, Egypt
| | - Abdou M A Darwish
- Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Elminya, Egypt
| | - Gamal Fadl Mahmoud Gad
- Professor at Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Elminya, Egypt
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Chokkalla AK, Tam E, Liang R, Cruz AT, Devaraj S. Validation of a Multi-Analyte Immunoassay for Distinguishing Bacterial vs. Viral Infections in a Pediatric Cohort. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 546:117387. [PMID: 37201742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical presentation of viral and bacterial infections or co-infections overlaps significantly. Pathogen identification is the gold standard for appropriate treatment. Recently, FDA cleared a multivariate index test called MeMed-BV that distinguishes viral and bacterial infections based on the differential expression of 3 host proteins. Here, we sought to validate MeMed-BV immunoassay on MedKey analyzer in our pediatric hospital following guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. METHODS The analytical performance of the MeMed-BV test was evaluated with precision (intra- and inter-assay), method comparison and interference studies. The clinical performance (diagnostic sensitivity and specificity) of the MeMed-BV test was assessed by conducting a retrospective cohort study (n=60) using plasma samples from pediatric patients with acute febrile illness who visited the emergency department of our hospital. RESULTS MeMed-BV showed acceptable intra- and inter-assay precision with a range of <3 score units in both the high-score bacterial as well as the low-score viral controls. Diagnostic accuracy studies revealed a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 88% for identifying bacterial infections or co-infections. Our MeMed-BV results showed an excellent agreement (R=0.998) with manufacturer's laboratory data and compared well with ELISA studies. Gross hemolysis and icterus did not affect the assay, but gross lipemia showed a considerable bias in samples with moderate likelihood of viral infection. Importantly, the MeMed-BV test performed better than routinely measured infection-related biomarkers like white blood cell counts, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in classifying bacterial infections. CONCLUSION MeMed-BV immunoassay demonstrated acceptable analytical performance and is reliable for distinguishing viral and bacterial infections or co-infections in pediatric patients. Future studies are warranted to examine the clinical utility, especially with respect to reducing the need for blood cultures and time to treatment for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estella Tam
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rommel Liang
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea T Cruz
- Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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43
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Elbehery AHA, Beason E, Siam R. Metagenomic profiling of antibiotic resistance genes in Red Sea brine pools. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:195. [PMID: 37061654 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is an alarming global health concern, causing an annual death rate of more than 35,000 deaths in the US. AR is a natural phenomenon, reported in several pristine environments. In this study, we report AR in pristine Red Sea deep brine pools. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected for several drug classes with tetracycline and macrolide resistance being the most abundant. As expected, ARGs abundance increased in accordance with the level of human impact with pristine Red Sea samples having the lowest mean ARG level followed by estuary samples, while activated sludge samples showed a significantly higher ARG level. ARG hierarchical clustering grouped drug classes for which resistance was detected in Atlantis II Deep brine pool independent of the rest of the samples. ARG abundance was significantly lower in the Discovery Deep brine pool. A correlation between integrons and ARGs abundance in brine pristine samples could be detected, while insertion sequences and plasmids showed a correlation with ARGs abundance in human-impacted samples not seen in brine pristine samples. This suggests different roles of distinct mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in ARG distribution in pristine versus human-impacted sites. Additionally, we showed the presence of mobile antibiotic resistance genes in the Atlantis II brine pool as evidenced by the co-existence of integrases and plasmid replication proteins on the same contigs harboring predicted multidrug-resistant efflux pumps. This study addresses the role of non-pathogenic environmental bacteria as a silent reservoir for ARGs, and the possible horizontal gene transfer mechanism mediating ARG acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H A Elbehery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Elisabeth Beason
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Rania Siam
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mu A, Klare WP, Baines SL, Ignatius Pang CN, Guérillot R, Harbison-Price N, Keller N, Wilksch J, Nhu NTK, Phan MD, Keller B, Nijagal B, Tull D, Dayalan S, Chua HHC, Skoneczny D, Koval J, Hachani A, Shah AD, Neha N, Jadhav S, Partridge SR, Cork AJ, Peters K, Bertolla O, Brouwer S, Hancock SJ, Álvarez-Fraga L, De Oliveira DMP, Forde B, Dale A, Mujchariyakul W, Walsh CJ, Monk I, Fitzgerald A, Lum M, Correa-Ospina C, Roy Chowdhury P, Parton RG, De Voss J, Beckett J, Monty F, McKinnon J, Song X, Stephen JR, Everest M, Bellgard MI, Tinning M, Leeming M, Hocking D, Jebeli L, Wang N, Ben Zakour N, Yasar SA, Vecchiarelli S, Russell T, Zaw T, Chen T, Teng D, Kassir Z, Lithgow T, Jenney A, Cole JN, Nizet V, Sorrell TC, Peleg AY, Paterson DL, Beatson SA, Wu J, Molloy MP, Syme AE, Goode RJA, Hunter AA, Bowland G, West NP, Wilkins MR, Djordjevic SP, Davies MR, Seemann T, Howden BP, Pascovici D, Tyagi S, Schittenhelm RB, De Souza DP, McConville MJ, Iredell JR, Cordwell SJ, Strugnell RA, Stinear TP, Schembri MA, Walker MJ. Integrative omics identifies conserved and pathogen-specific responses of sepsis-causing bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1530. [PMID: 36934086 PMCID: PMC10024524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Even in the setting of optimal resuscitation in high-income countries severe sepsis and septic shock have a mortality of 20-40%, with antibiotic resistance dramatically increasing this mortality risk. To develop a reference dataset enabling the identification of common bacterial targets for therapeutic intervention, we applied a standardized genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic technological framework to multiple clinical isolates of four sepsis-causing pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Exposure to human serum generated a sepsis molecular signature containing global increases in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, consistent with cell envelope remodelling and nutrient adaptation for osmoprotection. In addition, acquisition of cholesterol was identified across the bacterial species. This detailed reference dataset has been established as an open resource to support discovery and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - William P Klare
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C N Ignatius Pang
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioinformatics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichaela Harbison-Price
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nadia Keller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wilksch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernhard Keller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hwa Huat Charlie Chua
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominik Skoneczny
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Koval
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitika Neha
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Snehal Jadhav
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally R Partridge
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cork
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia Bertolla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephan Brouwer
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven J Hancock
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Álvarez-Fraga
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David M P De Oliveira
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Forde
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Dale
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warasinee Mujchariyakul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Calum J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mabel Lum
- Bioplatforms Australia Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolina Correa-Ospina
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James De Voss
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Beckett
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francois Monty
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica McKinnon
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Stephen
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Everest
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matt I Bellgard
- Office of eResearch, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Tinning
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Leeming
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dianna Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nancy Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nouri Ben Zakour
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serhat A Yasar
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefano Vecchiarelli
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tonia Russell
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tyrone Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Don Teng
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zena Kassir
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Jenney
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jemma Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna E Syme
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J A Goode
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam A Hunter
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grahame Bowland
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Kusin SB, Fan EM, Prokesch BC, Christie AL, Zimmern PE. Empiric versus culture-based antibiotic therapy for UTIs in menopausal women. World J Urol 2023; 41:791-796. [PMID: 36746807 PMCID: PMC9902245 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the benefits and risks associated with empiric prescription of antibiotic therapy for treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS Following IRB approval menopausal women presenting with a symptomatic UTI to a single urology clinic were prospectively assigned to one of the two treatment groups based on day of presentation: culture-based treatment (CB) (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday) or empiric treatment (ET) (Thursday, Friday) and started on nitrofurantoin (NF) pending culture results. Both groups were contacted at 7 and 14 days following treatment. Side effects and answers to a standardized questionnaire (UTISA) were recorded. Success was defined as a total UTISA score < 3. Any NF retreatment, use of another antibiotic therapy, or extension of the original antibiotic course was considered treatment failures. RESULTS From July 2020 to March 2022, 65 women with 80 UTI events were included in the study, with CB treatment used for 60 UTIs and ET used for 23 UTIs. At 7 days after start of treatment, questionnaire failure rate was 44% (20/45) for the CB group and 16% (3/19) for the ET group (P = 0.076). At 14 days following start of treatment, questionnaire failure rate was 31% (13/42) for the CB group and 17% (3/18) for the ET group (P = 0.3). In the ET group, 11% of cultures were found to be resistant to NF. CONCLUSION Outcomes for the empiric treatment of uncomplicated UTI with NF at both 7 and 14 days are not significantly different than outcomes with culture-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Kusin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9110 USA
| | - Ethan M. Fan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9110 USA
| | - Bonnie C. Prokesch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9113 USA
| | - Alana L. Christie
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8852 USA
| | - Philippe E. Zimmern
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9110 USA
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Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Unlike other Candida species that colonize the gut, C. auris efficiently colonizes the skin and contaminates the patient's environment, resulting in rapid nosocomial transmission and outbreaks of systemic infections. As the largest organ of the body, the skin harbors beneficial microbiota that play a critical role to protect from invading pathogens. However, the role of skin microbiota in the colonization and pathogenesis of C. auris remains to be explored. With this perspective, we review and discuss recent insights into skin microbiota and their potential interactions with the immune system in the context of C. auris skin colonization. Understanding microbiota, C. auris, and host interactions in the skin is important to develop microbiome-based therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat this emerging fungal pathogen in humans.
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47
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Terra C, de Mattos ÂZ, Chagas MS, Torres A, Wiltgen D, Souza BM, Perez RM. Impact of multidrug resistance on the management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:534-544. [PMID: 36793638 PMCID: PMC9923851 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of infection and differently from other complications, that over the years are improving in their outcomes, infections in cirrhotic patients are still a major cause of hospitalization and death (up to 50% in-hospital mortality). Infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) have become a major challenge in the management of cirrhotic patients with significant prognostic and cost-related impact. About one third of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections is infected with MDR bacteria and their prevalence has increased in recent years. MDR infections have a worse prognosis compared to infections by non-resistant bacteria because they are associated with lower rate of infection resolution. An adequate management of cirrhotic patients with infections caused by MDR bacteria depends on the knowledge of some epidemiological aspects, such as the type of infection (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and spontaneous bacteremia), bacteriological profile of antibiotic resistance at each health care unit and site of infection acquisition (community acquired, healthcare associated or nosocomial). Furthermore, regional variations in the prevalence of MDR infections determine that the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy must be adapted to the local microbiological epidemiology. Antibiotic treatment is the most effective measure to treat infections caused by MDRO. Therefore, optimizing antibiotic prescribing is critical to effectively treat these infections. Identification of risk factors for multidrug resistance is essential to define the best antibiotic treatment strategy in each case and the choice of an effective empirical antibiotic therapy and its early administration is cardinal to reduce mortality. On the other hand, the supply of new agents to treat these infections is very limited. Thus, specific protocols that include preventive measures must be implemented in order to limit the negative impact of this severe complication in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Terra
- Gastroenterology-Liver Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Liver Unit, Casa de Saúde São José-Rede Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro 22271-080, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Liver Unit, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro 22470-050, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Zambam de Mattos
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souza Chagas
- Gastroenterology-Liver Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Internal Medicine, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro 22470-050, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Torres
- Gastroenterology-Liver Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denusa Wiltgen
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Brazil
| | - Barbara Muniz Souza
- Gastroenterology-Liver Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Mello Perez
- Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Car, The ABC Group, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Hepatology Division, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- IDOR, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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48
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Abu-Aqil G, Suleiman M, Sharaha U, Riesenberg K, Lapidot I, Huleihel M, Salman A. Fast identification and susceptibility determination of E. coli isolated directly from patients' urine using infrared-spectroscopy and machine learning. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121909. [PMID: 36170776 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For effective treatment, it is crucial to identify the infecting bacterium at the species level and to determine its antimicrobial susceptibility. This is especially true now, when numerous bacteria have developed multidrug resistance to most commonly used antibiotics. Currently used methods need ∼ 48 h to identify a bacterium and determine its susceptibility to specific antibiotics. This study reports the potential of using infrared spectroscopy with machine learning algorithms to identify E. coli isolated directly from patients' urine while simultaneously determining its susceptibility to antibiotics within ∼ 40 min after receiving the patient's urine sample. For this goal, 1,765 E. coli isolates purified directly from urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). After collection, the samples were tested by infrared microscopy and analyzed by machine learning. We achieved success rates of ∼ 96% in isolate level identification and ∼ 84% in susceptibility determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Abu-Aqil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Manal Suleiman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Uraib Sharaha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Klaris Riesenberg
- Director of Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Itshak Lapidot
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACLP-Afeka Center for Language Processing, Afeka Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv 69107, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE - Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel.
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49
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Yadav H, Mahalvar A, Pradhan M, Yadav K, Kumar Sahu K, Yadav R. Exploring the potential of phytochemicals and nanomaterial: a boon to antimicrobial treatment. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2023.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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50
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Imani IM, Kim B, Xiao X, Rubab N, Park B, Kim Y, Zhao P, Kang M, Kim S. Ultrasound-Driven On-Demand Transient Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Subcutaneous Antibacterial Activity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204801. [PMID: 36437039 PMCID: PMC9875681 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To prevent surgical site infection (SSI), which significantly increases the rate morbidity and mortality, eliminating microorganisms is prominent. Antimicrobial resistance is identified as a global health challenge. This work proposes a new strategy to eliminate microorganisms of deep tissue through electrical stimulation with an ultrasound (US)-driven implantable, biodegradable, and vibrant triboelectric nanogenerator (IBV-TENG). After a programmed lifetime, the IBV-TENG can be eliminated by provoking the on-demand device dissolution by controlling US intensity with no surgical removal of the device from the body. A voltage of ≈4 V and current of ≈22 µA generated from IBV-TENG under ultrasound in vitro, confirming inactivating ≈100% of Staphylococcus aureus and ≈99% of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, ex vivo results show that IBV-TENG implanted under porcine tissue successfully inactivates bacteria. This antibacterial technology is expected to be a countermeasure strategy against SSIs, increasing life expectancy and healthcare quality by preventing microorganisms of deep tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Imani
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Xiao
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Najaf Rubab
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Byung‐Joon Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Jun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Pin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Woo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST)School of Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
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