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Wang T, Zhang M, Dong W, Wang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Ji B. Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Implementation in Septic Shock Rat Model. ASAIO J 2024; 70:653-660. [PMID: 38421440 PMCID: PMC11280450 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Septic shock, a global health concern, boasts high mortality rates. Research exploring the efficacy of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in septic shock remains limited. Our study aimed to establish a rodent model employing VA-ECMO in septic shock rats, assessing the therapeutic impact of VA-ECMO on septic shock. Nineteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham, septic shock, and (septic shock + VA-ECMO; SSE) groups. Septic shock was induced by intravenous lipopolysaccharides, confirmed by a mean arterial pressure drop to 25-30% of baseline. Rats in the SSE group received 2 hours of VA-ECMO support and 60 minutes of post-weaning ventilation. Sham and septic shock groups underwent mechanical ventilation for equivalent durations. Invasive mean arterial pressure monitoring, echocardiographic examinations, and blood gas analysis revealed the efficacy of VA-ECMO in restoring circulation and ensuring adequate tissue oxygenation in septic shock rats. Post-experiment pathology exhibited the potential of VA-ECMO in mitigating major organ injury. In summary, our study successfully established a stable septic shock rat model with the implementation of VA-ECMO, offering a valuable platform to explore molecular mechanisms underlying VA-ECMO's impact on septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Wang
- From the Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Dong
- Surgical IntensiveCare Unit, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- From the Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefu Wang
- Surgical IntensiveCare Unit, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyang Ji
- From the Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Xia Q, Pingcuo R, Yang C, Xiong W, Peng X, Xia J, Wang W, Hai M. A Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Anti-shock Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and Clinical Applications of Anisodamine. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301477. [PMID: 38415906 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural products that occur widely in many herbal plants. Anisodamine, widely present in the Solanaceae family, is an alkaloid extracted from the roots of the Anisodus tanguticus Maxim. It is an antagonist to M-choline receptors and exhibits diverse pharmacological effects, such as cholinolytic effect, calcium antagonist effect, anti-oxygenation effect. Anisodamine, a prominent constituent of the tropine alkaloid family, exhibits a range of pharmacological effects akin to those of atropine and scopolamine. owing to its low toxicity and moderate efficacy in clinical to wide applications, especially for varieties of shock treatment. However, there remains a dearth of research regarding the in vivo pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and toxicity of anisodamine. Consequently, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the anti-shock effects, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of anisodamine to increase the understanding of its medicinal value, and provide reference and inspiration for the clinical application and further in-depth research of anisodamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Raoji Pingcuo
- Limei Tibetan Medicine Hospital, Liwuqi, 855600, China
| | - Ce Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Colleges, Chongqing, 404120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Colleges, Chongqing, 404120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Colleges, Chongqing, 404120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Meirong Hai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Wang Y, Chu Y, Dai H, Zheng Y, Chen R, Zhou C, Zhong Y, Zhan C, Luo J. Protective role of pretreatment with Anisodamine against sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112133. [PMID: 38652962 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing tendency for sepsis patients to suffer from diaphragm atrophy as well as mortality. Therefore, reducing diaphragm atrophy could benefit sepsis patients' prognoses. Studies have shown that Anisodamine (Anis) can exert antioxidant effects when blows occur. However, the role of Anisodamine in diaphragm atrophy in sepsis patients has not been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant effect of Anisodamine in sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy and its mechanism. We used cecal ligation aspiration (CLP) to establish a mouse septic mode and stimulated the C2C12 myotube model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After treatment with Anisodamine, we measured the mice's bodyweight, diaphragm weight, fiber cross-sectional area and the diameter of C2C12 myotubes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the diaphragm were detected using the oxidative stress kit. The expression of MuRF1, Atrogin1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway components in the diaphragm and C2C12 myotubes was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The mean fluorescence intensity of ROS in C2C12 myotubes was measured by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, we also measured the levels of Drp1 and Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) in vivo and in vitro by Western blot. Our study revealed that Anisodamine alleviated the reduction in diaphragmatic mass and the loss of diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area and attenuated the atrophy of the C2C12 myotubes by inhibiting the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases. In addition, we observed that Anisodamine inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and protects mitochondrial function. In conclusion, Anisodamine alleviates sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkai Dai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfang Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengye Zhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Luo Z, Yin F, Wang X, Kong L. Progress in approved drugs from natural product resources. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:195-211. [PMID: 38553188 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) have consistently played a pivotal role in pharmaceutical research, exerting profound impacts on the treatment of human diseases. A significant proportion of approved molecular entity drugs are either directly derived from NPs or indirectly through modifications of NPs. This review presents an overview of NP drugs recently approved in China, the United States, and other countries, spanning various disease categories, including cancers, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, central nervous system disorders, and infectious diseases. The article provides a succinct introduction to the origin, activity, development process, approval details, and mechanism of action of these NP drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Liu M, Zhu D, Yan H, Dong Z, Zhang J, Kong N, Zhang G, Xu Q, Han T, Ke P, Liu C. Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine alleviated colitis by inducing autophagy and inhibiting inflammation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291543. [PMID: 38354108 PMCID: PMC10866466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that the anisodamine (ANI) and neostigmine (NEO) combination produced an antiseptic shock effect and rescued acute lethal crush syndrome by activating the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). This study documents the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of the ANI/NEO combination in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Treating mice with ANI and NEO at a ratio of 500:1 alleviated the DSS-induced colitis symptoms, reduced body weight loss, improved the disease activity index, enhanced colon length, and alleviated colon inflammation. The combination treatment also enhanced autophagy in the colon of mice with DSS-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide/DSS-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Besides, the ANI/NEO treatment significantly reduced INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-22 expression in colon tissues and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA levels in Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and ATG5 siRNA attenuated these effects. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and the α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) weakened the ANI/NEO-induced protection on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Overall, these results indicate that the ANI/NEO combination exerts therapeutic effects through autophagy and α7nAChR in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center Sanatorium Area 4, Nanjing, China
| | - Danni Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center Sanatorium Area 4, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Si S, Zhao X, Su F, Lu H, Zhang D, Sun L, Wang F, Xu L. New advances in clinical application of neostigmine: no longer focusing solely on increasing skeletal muscle strength. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227496. [PMID: 37601044 PMCID: PMC10436336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neostigmine is a clinical cholinesterase inhibitor, that is, commonly used to enhance the function of the cholinergic neuromuscular junction. Recent studies have shown that neostigmine regulates the immune-inflammatory response through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, affecting perioperative neurocognitive function. This article reviews the relevant research evidence over the past 20 years, intending to provide new perspectives and strategies for the clinical application of neostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Si
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiu Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongbin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fulei Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhang Y, Zou J, Wan F, Peng F, Peng C. Update on the sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological action, and clinical application of anisodamine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114522. [PMID: 37002581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anisodamine is an anticholinergic drug extracted and isolated from the Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher of the Solanaceae family which is also a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Owing to the lack of natural sources of anisodamine, synthetic products are now used. Using ornithine and arginine as precursor compounds, putrescine is catalyzed by different enzymes and then undergoes a series of reactions to produce anisodamine. It has been used clinically to protect cardiac function and treat septic shock, acute pancreatitis, calculous renal colic, bronchial asthma, blood circulation disturbances, jaundice, analgesia, vertigo, acute poisoning, and other conditions.This review describes the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. Anisodamine is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and it is not as effective as intravenous administration. For clinical medication, intravenous infusion should be used rather than rapid intravenous injection. With the advancement of research in recent years, the application scope of anisodamine has expanded, with significant developments and application values surging.This review systematically describes the sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and clinical application of anisodamine, in order to provide a basis for clinical use.
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Liu Y, Forsythe P. Vagotomy and insights into the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Neurosci Res 2021; 168:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qin Z, Xiang K, Su DF, Sun Y, Liu X. Activation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595342. [PMID: 33633726 PMCID: PMC7901247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) underlined the urgent need for alleviating cytokine storm. We propose here that activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a potential therapeutic strategy. However, there is currently no approved drugs targeting the regulatory pathway. It is evident that nicotine, anisodamine and some herb medicine, activate the CAP and exert anti-inflammation action in vitro and in vivo. As the vagus nerve affects both inflammation and specific immune response, we propose that vagus nerve stimulation by invasive or non-invasive devices and acupuncture at ST36, PC6, or GV20, are also feasible approaches to activate the CAP and control COVID-19. It is worth to investigate the efficacy and safety of the strategy in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Kefa Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Chen L, Zhang M, Jiang J, Lei B, Sun X. Coronary microvascular dysfunction: An important interpretation on the clinical significance of transient ischemic dilation of the left ventricle on myocardial perfusion imaging. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 29:347-360. [PMID: 33492269 DOI: 10.3233/xst-200803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To further investigate the clinical significance of transient ischemic dilation (TID) on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by analyzing the effect of anisodamine hydrobromide (a drug that can effectively ameliorate microcirculation) on the patients with isolated TID and the findings of previous literatures. METHODS Total 107 patients with isolated TID (TID value≥1.11) were randomly divided into group A (n = 36; intravenous administration of anisodamine hydrobromide), group N (n = 36; intravenous administration of isosorbide dinitrate), and group C (n = 35; intravenous administration of normal saline). MPI and treadmill exercise test (TET) were performed again after 14-day course of intervention. Pre- and post-intervention frequencies of symptom were recorded. RESULTS In group A, after intervention of anisodamine hydrobromide, the summed stress score (SSS) and TID value on MPI significantly decreased than those before intervention (P < 0.001), the durations of exercise (DEs) and metabolic equivalents (METs) in TET notably ascended (P < 0.001), as well as the symptom remarkably improved. In group N and group C, there were no significant differences in SSS, TID value, DEs, METs, and frequencies of symptom between pre- and post-intervention (P > 0.05). No significant improvement of symptoms in group N before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS TID with perfusion defect may usually predict a possibility of severe and extensive coronary artery disease (CAD). An isolated TID should be considered as a likelihood of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). TET and coronary CT angiography (cCTA) are extremely helpful for the antidiastole on CAD and CMD. The administration of anisodamine hydrobromide might be an optional treatment for the patients with isolated TID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqi Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Lei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Rojas-Rodríguez F, Morantes C, Pinzón A, Barreto GE, Cabezas R, Mariño-Ramírez L, González J. Machine Learning Neuroprotective Strategy Reveals a Unique Set of Parkinson Therapeutic Nicotine Analogs. THE OPEN BIOINFORMATICS JOURNAL 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 33927788 PMCID: PMC8081347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Present a novel machine learning computational strategy to predict the neuroprotection potential of nicotine analogs acting over the behavior of unpaired signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease. BACKGROUND Dopaminergic replacement has been used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) treatment with positive effects on motor symptomatology but low progression and prevention effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that nicotine consumption decreases PD prevalence through neuroprotective mechanisms activation associated with the overstimulation of signaling pathways (SP) such as PI3K/AKT through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (e.g α7 nAChRs) and over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2. Nicotine analogs with similar neuroprotective activity but decreased secondary effects remain as a promissory field. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop an interdisciplinary computational strategy predicting the neuroprotective activity of a series of 8 novel nicotine analogs over Parkinson's disease. METHODS We present a computational strategy integrating structural bioinformatics, SP manual reconstruction, and deep learning to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of 8 novel nicotine analogs over the behavior of PI3K/AKT. We performed a protein-ligand analysis between nicotine analogs and α7 nAChRs receptor using geometrical conformers, physicochemical characterization of the analogs and developed manually curated neuroprotective datasets to analyze their potential activity. Additionally, we developed a predictive machine-learning model for neuroprotection in PD through the integration of Markov Chain Monte-Carlo transition matrix for the 2 SP with synthetic training datasets of the physicochemical properties and structural dataset. RESULTS Our model was able to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of seven new nicotine analogs based on the binomial Bcl-2 response regulated by the activation of PI3K/AKT. CONCLUSION Hereby, we present a robust novel strategy to assess the neuroprotective potential of biomolecules based on SP architecture. Our theoretical strategy can be further applied to the study of new treatments related to SP deregulation and may ultimately offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia,Address correspondence to the author at the Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia;
| | - Carlos Morantes
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Republic of Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Republic of Colombia
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia
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Li DJ, Tong J, Zeng FY, Guo M, Li YH, Wang H, Wang P. Nicotinic ACh receptor α7 inhibits PDGF-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:4388-4401. [PMID: 30270436 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PDGF-BB is an angiogenic factor involved in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the possible effects of activation of the nicotinic ACh receptor α7 subtype (α7nAChR) on PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PNU-282987, a selective α7nAChR pharmacological agonist, was used to activate α7nAChR. The influences of α7nAChR activation on PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration, as well as the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src, a pro-migration signalling pathway, were determined in VSMCs. A variety of biochemical assays were applied to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. KEY RESULTS PDGF-BB induced pronounced migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Activation of α7nAChRs by PNU-282987 blocked PDGF-BB-induced migration but not proliferation in wild-type (WT) VSMCs, whereas this effect was absent in α7nAChR-knockout VSMCs. Accordingly, PNU-282987 attenuated PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of FAKTyr397 and SrcTyr416 in WT VSMCs. Mechanistically, PNU-282987 suppressed PDGF-BB-induced oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the alterations in ROS, H2 O2 content, superoxide anion and total antioxidant activity. A sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibitor 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine or shRNA-mediated SIRT3 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effect of PNU-282987. PNU-282987 did not modulate SIRT3 protein expression but enhanced mitochondrial SIRT3 deacetylase activity. In line with this action, PNU-282987 enhanced the deacetylation of mitochondrial FoxO3. Lastly, PNU-282987 corrected the PDGF-BB-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, ATP content and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pool. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological activation of α7nAChRs inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC migration by activating the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3, implying an important role for α7nAChRs in mitochondria biology and PDGF-related diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Yan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Li DJ, Liu J, Hua X, Fu H, Huang F, Fei YB, Lu WJ, Shen FM, Wang P. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit improves energy homeostasis and inhibits inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2018; 79:52-63. [PMID: 29129819 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide; yet, the pathogenesis of the disorder is not completely understood. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR) plays an indispensable role in the vagus nerve-regulated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the key role of α7nAChR in NAFLD development. Male wild-type (WT) and α7nAChR knockout (α7nAChR-/-) mice were fed a normal chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16weeks to induce NAFLD. RESULTS We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of α7nAChR in the liver tissue of NAFLD mice were significantly higher than those in mice fed normal chow. There were no differences in food intake, body weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and insulin sensitivity between WT and α7nAChR-/- mice under normal condition. When the WT and α7nAChR-/- mice were challenged with HFD, the body weight of α7nAChR-/- mice became higher than that of WT mice. The oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice were significantly lower than that in HFD-fed WT mice. The HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice also showed more aggravated hepatic lipid accumulation, steatosis and oxidative stress than HFD-fed WT mice. Macrophage infiltration; mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β; and liver fibrosis were significantly accelerated in HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice compared to that in HFD-fed WT mice. In addition, the bolus insulin injection-activated insulin signaling pathway, which was reflected by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor at Tyr1162/Tyr1163 site (p-IRTyr1162/Tyr1163), insulin receptor substrate-1 at Tyr612 site (p-IRS-1Tyr612) and Akt at Ser473 (p-AktSer473), was significantly compromised in liver tissues of HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice relative to HFD-fed WT mice. Finally, pharmacologically activation of α7nAChR in HFD-fed mice, with a selective agonist PNU-282987, remarkably ameliorated the hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate that activation of α7nAChR improves energy homeostasis and inhibits inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bo Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2017; 15:22-33. [PMID: 29197233 PMCID: PMC5723281 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia as a consequence of vascular injury is aggravated by inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a orchestrator of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), which refers to a physiological neuro-immune mechanism that restricts inflammation. Here, we investigated the potential role of CAP in neointimal hyperplasia using α7nAChR knockout (KO) mice. Male α7nAChR-KO mice and their wild-type control mice (WT) were subjected to wire injury in left common carotid artery. At 4 weeks post injury, the injured aortae were isolated for examination. The neointimal hyperplasia after wire injury was significantly aggravated in α7nAChR-KO mice compared with WT mice. The α7nAChR-KO mice had increased collagen contents and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) amount. Moreover, the inflammation was significantly enhanced in the neointima of α7nAChR-KO mice relative to WT mice, evidenced by the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-1β, and macrophage infiltration. Meanwhile, the chemokines chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 2 expression was also augmented in the neointima of α7nAChR-KO mice compared with WT mice. Additionally, the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and the upregulation of 3-nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were more pronounced in neointima of α7nAChR-KO mice compared with WT mice. Accordingly, the protein expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), Nox2 and Nox4, was also higher in neointima of α7nAChR-KO mice compared with WT mice. Finally, pharmacologically activation of CAP with a selective α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987, significantly reduced neointima formation, arterial inflammation and oxidative stress after vascular injury in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that α7nAChR-mediated CAP is a neuro-physiological mechanism that inhibits neointima formation after vascular injury via suppressing arterial inflammation and oxidative stress. Further, these results imply that targeting α7nAChR may be a promising interventional strategy for in-stent stenosis.
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Ke P, Shao BZ, Xu ZQ, Chen XW, Wei W, Liu C. Activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through regulation of β-arrestin-1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:875-884. [PMID: 28941191 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) could inhibit the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through regulation of β-arrestin-1 in monocyte/macrophage system, thus contributing to the control of neuroinflammation. METHODS The protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 (Casp-1) p20 and proCasp-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) p17 and proIL-1β, IL-18 and proIL-18 were measured using Western blotting. The mRNA levels of Casp-1 and IL-1β were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The colocalization and interaction of NLRP3 protein and β-arrestin-1 were measured by immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of β-arrestin-1 was significantly increased and colocalized with CD45-positive cells in spinal cord of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice when compared with the sham mice, which was attenuated by pretreatment with PNU282987, a specific α7nAChR agonist. PNU282987 also significantly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and thus decreased the production of IL-1β and IL-18 both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP-stimulated BV2 microglia in vitro and spinal cord from EAE mice in vivo, while inverse effects were observed in α7nAChR knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of β-arrestin-1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PNU282987 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/ATP-stimulated BV2 microglia. PNU282987 inhibited the interaction between β-arrestin-1 and NLRP3 protein in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that activating α7nAChR can lead to NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition via regulation of β-arrestin-1 in monocyte/microglia system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Naval Convalescent Zone of Hangzhou Sanatorium, Nanjing Military Command, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Vagus Nerve Attenuates Hepatocyte Apoptosis upon Ischemia-Reperfusion via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Kupffer Cells in Mice. Anesthesiology 2017; 125:1005-1016. [PMID: 27560466 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury is a complication of liver surgery. As much as 50% of hepatocytes undergo apoptosis within the first 24 h of reperfusion. The neurotransmitters of the vagus nerve can activate α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages. The function of Kupffer cells (KCs) determines HIR injury. We hypothesize that the vagus nerve could attenuate HIR-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by activating α7nAChR on KCs. METHODS Hepatic vagotomized C57BL/6J mice, KC-eliminated C57BL/6J mice, and α7nAChR mice were used for HIR. Primary KCs and hepatocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). Liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and soluble CD163 were measured. RESULTS Hepatic vagotomy and α7nAChR caused higher levels of alanine transaminase and liver caspase-3 and -8 activity by HIR. Activating α7nAChR attenuated these changes in wild-type but not in the α7nAChR mice. Furthermore, activating α7nAChR diminished hepatic injury and reduced liver apoptosis by HIR in vagotomized mice. In vitro, activating α7nAChR reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes cocultured with KCs that suffered HR. Similar to the effects by catalase, activating α7nAChR on KCs reduced ROS and H2O2 by HR. The supernatant from KCs, with α7nAChR activated or catalase treated, prevented hepatocyte apoptosis by HR. Finally, KC elimination reduced HIR-induced H2O2 production in mice. Activating α7nAChR significantly attenuated soluble CD163 both in mice by HIR (serum: 240 ± 34 vs. 446 ± 72; mean ± SD; n = 8; P < 0.01) and in KCs by HR (supernatant: 4.23 ± 0.06 vs. 5.60 ± 0.18; n = 3; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The vagus nerve could minimize HIR-induced liver apoptosis through activating α7nAChR on KCs possibly by preventing their excessive ROS production.
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Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine rescued acute lethal crush syndrome through α7nAChR-dependent JAK2-STAT3 signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37709. [PMID: 27874086 PMCID: PMC5118690 DOI: 10.1038/srep37709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that Ani (anisodamine)/Neo (neostigmine) combination produced anti-shock effect via activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of Ani/Neo combination in acute lethal crush syndrome (CS). In rat and rabbit CS models, Ani/Neo combination increased the 24 h survival rates, improved hemodynamics and decreased the levels of creatine kinase, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, K+ in serum. It also decreased the levels of H2O2, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in serum and compressed muscle in rat CS model. In wild-type (WT) mice with CS, Ani/Neo combination increased 24 h survival rate and decreased the levels of H2O2, MPO, NO, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 in compressed muscle. These effects were attenuated by α7nAChR knockout (KO). Moreover, Ani/Neo combination prevented the decrease of phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induced by CS. These effects of Ani/Neo in CS mice were cancelled by methyllycaconitine (α7nAChR antagonist) and α7nAChR KO. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Ani/Neo combination could produce therapeutic effects in CS. The underlying mechanism involves the activation of α7nAChR-dependent JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Xu ZQ, Liu C, Su DF. Treatment for Ischemic Stroke: A New Approach from the Ancient Art of War. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:5-6. [PMID: 26768684 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ke P, Shao BZ, Xu ZQ, Wei W, Han BZ, Chen XW, Su DF, Liu C. Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis through Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155076. [PMID: 27611972 PMCID: PMC5017608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) ameliorates inflammation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether activation of CB2R could suppress the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice, LPS/DSS challenge for 24 h increased the expression of the components of NLRP3 inflammasome NLRP3, Casp-1 p20/Casp-1 p45 ratio, proIL-1β and IL-1β and also enhanced autophagy (LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, Beclin-1 and SQSTM1). Pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with HU 308, a selective CB2R agonist, attenuated LPS/DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but further enhanced autophagy. In comparison with wild-type (WT) control, peritoneal macrophages from CB2R knockout (KO) mice had more robust NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuated autophagy upon LPS/DSS challenge. Knockdown autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) with a siRNA in peritoneal macrophages attenuated the inhibitory effects of HU 308 on LPS/DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. In vivo, HU308 treatment attenuated DSS-induced colitis mice associated with reduced colon inflammation and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in wild-type mice. In CB2R KO mice, DSS-induced inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were more pronounced than those in WT control. Finally, we demonstrated that AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway was involved in this CB2R-mediated process. We conclude that activation of CB2R ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through enhancing autophagy that may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin-Ze Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States of America
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou CC, Yang X, Hua X, Liu J, Fan MB, Li GQ, Song J, Xu TY, Li ZY, Guan YF, Wang P, Miao CY. Hepatic NAD(+) deficiency as a therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ageing. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2352-68. [PMID: 27174364 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ageing is an important risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigated whether the deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+) ), a ubiquitous coenzyme, links ageing with NAFLD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hepatic concentrations of NAD(+) , protein levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and several other critical enzymes regulating NAD(+) biosynthesis, were compared in middle-aged and aged mice or patients. The influences of NAD(+) decline on the steatosis and steatohepatitis were evaluated in wild-type and H247A dominant-negative, enzymically-inactive NAMPT transgenic mice (DN-NAMPT) given normal or high-fat diet (HFD). KEY RESULTS Hepatic NAD(+) level decreased in aged mice and humans. NAMPT-controlled NAD(+) salvage, but not de novo biosynthesis pathway, was compromised in liver of elderly mice and humans. Given normal chow, middle-age DN-NAMPT mice displayed systemic NAD(+) reduction and had moderate NAFLD phenotypes, including lipid accumulation, enhanced oxidative stress, triggered inflammation and impaired insulin sensitivity in liver. All these NAFLD phenotypes, especially release of pro-inflammatory factors, Kupffer cell accumulation, monocytes infiltration, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and hepatic fibrosis (Masson's staining and α-SMA staining), deteriorated further under HFD challenge. Oral administration of nicotinamide riboside, a natural NAD(+) precursor, completely corrected these NAFLD phenotypes induced by NAD(+) deficiency alone or HFD, whereas adenovirus-mediated SIRT1 overexpression only partially rescued these phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide the first evidence that ageing-associated NAD(+) deficiency is a critical risk factor for NAFLD, and suggest that supplementation with NAD(+) substrates may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Bing Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Fan BS, Zhang EH, Cheng MH, Wu ZT, Han B, Yu JG. Diurnal Variation of the Peripheral Cholinergic Antiinflammatory Function in Mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:764-70. [PMID: 27306582 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cholinergic antiinflammatory (CAI) pathway functions importantly in inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR). The present work tested circadian rhythm in peripheral CAI activity and validities of CAI activity and glucocorticoids in chronotherapy for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock. METHODS Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) expressed in liver and kidney was examined every 3 h in C57BL/6 mice. Proinflammatory cytokines in serum and survival time in shock were monitored after LPS injection every 3 h. Mifepristone, antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), antagonist of α7nAChR, were administrated before LPS to block antiinflammatory function of endogenous glucocorticoids and acetylcholine. RESULTS Both levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6 and mortality exhibited diurnal variations with prominent peaks when LPS was given at 15:00, and the minimum mortality occurred at 00:00. Expression of VAChT increased during resting period. MLA increased serum proinflammatory cytokines slightly, but not affected survival rate. Both differences in cytokines and in survival times between LPS injection at 15:00 and 00:00 were eliminated by mifepristone, but not by MLA. CONCLUSION Peripheral CAI pathway exerts more powerful antiinflammatory effect during resting period. Glucocorticoids appear to be efficient in chronotherapy for septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Wu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Eisenkraft A, Falk A. Possible role for anisodamine in organophosphate poisoning. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1719-27. [PMID: 27010563 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cases of organophosphate poisoning, patients are treated with a combination of antidotes. In addition to these poison-directed antidotes, patients may require extra oxygen and artificial ventilation; other modalities may also be needed due to the wide range of toxic effects. Anisodamine is a belladonna alkaloid, and like other drugs from this family is non subtype-selective muscarinic, and a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist, which has been employed in traditional Chinese medicine. As a muscarinic antagonist, it displays similar pharmacological effects to atropine and scopolamine. However, anisodamine is not only less potent than atropine and scopolamine but also less toxic. Current in vitro and animal model studies have demonstrated that anisodamine has protective effects in a variety of diseases. Organophosphate poisoning involves not only the central and peripheral nervous systems, but also the cardiac and respiratory systems, as well as activation of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. Therefore, the anticholinergic and additional activities of anisodamine appear to be relevant and justify its consideration as an addition to the existing remedies. However, more research is needed, as at present data on the role of anisodamine in the management of organophosphate poisoning are limited. Here, we review the beneficial effects of anisodamine on processes relevant to organophosphate poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Eisenkraft
- Israel Ministry of Defense, HaKirya, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Institute for Research in Military Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avshalom Falk
- Israel Ministry of Defense, HaKirya, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Fan BS, Zhang EH, Wu M, Guo JM, Su DF, Liu X, Yu JG. Activation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Decreases On-site Mortality in Crush Syndrome through Insulin Signaling-Na/K-ATPase Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:79. [PMID: 27065867 PMCID: PMC4810156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On-site mortality in crush syndrome remains high due to lack of effective drugs based on definite diagnosis. Anisodamine (Ani) is widely used in China for treatment of shock, and activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) mediates such antishock effect. The present work was designed to test whether activation of α7nAChR with Ani decreased mortality in crush syndrome shortly after decompression. Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice with crush syndrome were injected with Ani (20 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg respectively, i.p.) 30 min before decompression. Survival time, serum potassium, insulin, and glucose levels were observed shortly after decompression. Involvement of α7nAChR was verified with methyllycaconitine (selective α7nAChR antagonist) and PNU282987 (selective α7nAChR agonist), or in α7nAChR knockout mice. Effect of Ani was also appraised in C2C12 myotubes. Ani reduced mortality and serum potassium and enhanced insulin sensitivity shortly after decompression in animals with crush syndrome, and PNU282987 exerted similar effects. Such effects were counteracted by methyllycaconitine or in α7nAChR knockout mice. Mortality and serum potassium in rats with hyperkalemia were also reduced by Ani. Phosphorylation of Na/K-ATPase was enhanced by Ani in C2C12 myotubes. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase on insulin receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and Na/K-ATPase counteracted the effect of Ani on extracellular potassium. These findings demonstrated that activation of α7nAChR could decrease on-site mortality in crush syndrome, at least in part based on the decline of serum potassium through insulin signaling-Na/K-ATPase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - En-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China; The 406th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyDalian, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Min Guo
- Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
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Jiang Q, Li RP, Tang Y, Wang YQ, Liu C, Guo ML. Bakkenolide-IIIa Protects Against Cerebral Damage Via Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:943-52. [PMID: 26511680 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to examine the neuroprotective effects of bakkenolide-IIIa, a major novel compound extracted from the rhizome of P. trichinous. METHODS Transient focal cerebral damage model in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured hippocampal neurons were performed. The amount of apoptotic neurons was determined using TUNEL assay. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, ERK1/2, IKKβ, IκBα were measured using Western blot. The nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB was measured using a fluorescence microscope and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS Bakkenolide-IIIa (4, 8, 16 mg/kg; i.g.) was administered immediately after reperfusion could reduce the brain infarct volume, and the neurological deficit, as well as a high dose of bakkenolide-IIIa, increases the 72 h survival rate in cerebrally damaged rats. In vitro data demonstrated that bakkenolide-IIIa could increase cell viability and decrease the amount of apoptotic cells in cultured primary hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD. Bakkenolide-IIIa also dose-dependently increased the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. These results indicated that inhibition of apoptosis partly mediated the neuroprotection of bakkenolide-IIIa. Furthermore, bakkenolide-IIIa inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, IKKβ, IκBα, and p65 in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD. Bakkenolide-IIIa not only inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in cultured neurons exposed to OGD, but also inhibited the activation of NF-κB in peri-infarct area in cerebrally damaged rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings indicated that bakkenolide-IIIa protects against cerebral damage by inhibiting AKT and ERK1/2 activation and inactivated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Ping Li
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Qian J, Zhang JM, Lin LL, Dong WZ, Cheng YQ, Su DF, Liu AJ. A combination of neostigmine and anisodamine protects against ischemic stroke by activating α7nAChR. Int J Stroke 2015; 10:737-44. [PMID: 25727643 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing endogenous acetylcholine by neostigmine decreased the ischemic cerebral injury. The off-target action on muscarinic receptor produced a variety of adverse effects and limited the clinical application on stroke. AIM We combined neostigmine with anisodamine and investigated the neuroprotection and mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuroprotective action of neostigmine in combination with anisodamine at varying ratios was examined to determine the optimal combination as well as ideal therapeutic window. Potential involvement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was examined by measuring the infarct size, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and the biomarkers of apoptosis in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. A set of in vitro experiments was conducted in RAW264.7 cells to probe into potential molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The neostigmine/anisodamine combination conferred neuroprotection. The protection was most potent at a ratio of 1:500. At such a ratio, the combination increased the binding of acetylcholine to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and reduced proinflammatory cytokines. The neuroprotection was evident only in wild-type and not in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. The combination significantly decreased the expression of Bad and Bax, and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor wild-type mice but not in knockout mice. The combination did not affect caspase-8, cleaved caspase-8, or caspase-12. CONCLUSIONS Current study identified the optimal combination of neostigmine and anisodamine against ischemic stroke, and indicated that the acetylcholine-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Important poisonous plants in tibetan ethnomedicine. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:138-55. [PMID: 25594733 PMCID: PMC4303819 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan ethnomedicine is famous worldwide, both for its high effectiveness and unique cultural background. Many poisonous plants have been widely used to treat disorders in the Tibetan medicinal system. In the present review article, some representative poisonous plant species are introduced in terms of their significance in traditional Tibetan medicinal practices. They are Aconitumpendulum, Strychnos nux-vomica, Daturastramonium and Anisodus tanguticus, for which the toxic chemical constituents, bioactivities and pharmacological functions are reviewed herein. The most important toxins include aconitine, strychnine, scopolamine, and anisodamine. These toxic plants are still currently in use for pain-reduction and other purposes by Tibetan healers after processing.
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Effects of combined anisodamine and neostigmine treatment on the inflammatory response and liver regeneration of obstructive jaundice rats after hepatectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:362024. [PMID: 25478569 PMCID: PMC4244971 DOI: 10.1155/2014/362024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major liver resection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined anisodamine and neostigmine (Ani+Neo) treatment on the inflammatory response and liver regeneration in rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) after partial hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS OJ was induced in the rats by bile duct ligation. After 7 days biliary drainage and partial hepatectomy were performed. These rats were assigned to a saline group or an Ani+Neo treatment group. The expressions of inflammatory mediators, liver regeneration, and liver damage were assessed at 48 h after hepatectomy. RESULTS The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-1α, in the remnant livers, and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were substantially reduced in the Ani+Neo group compared with saline group (P<0.05). The Ani+Neo treatment obviously promoted liver regeneration as indicated by the liver weights and Ki-67 labeling index (P<0.05). The serum albumin and γ-GT levels and liver neutrophil infiltration also significantly improved in the Ani+Neo group (P<0.05) compared with the saline group. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the combined anisodamine and neostigmine treatment is able to improve the liver regeneration in rats with OJ by substantially alleviating the inflammatory response.
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No reflow in ST elevation myocardial infarction: a new way forward? Coron Artery Dis 2014; 25:636-7. [PMID: 25230303 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen JK, Li ZP, Liu YZ, Zhao T, Zhao XB, Ni M, Jiang GJ, Shen FM. Activation of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protects mice from radiation-induced intestinal injury and mortality. Radiat Res 2014; 181:666-71. [PMID: 24828112 DOI: 10.1667/rr13575.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome occurs when the body is exposed to a high dose of radiation. Currently, safe and effective radioprotectants are not available. Apoptosis was reported to play a primary role in radiation-induced injury. Recent evidence suggests that stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) prevents cell death by inhibition of apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that a single dose of PNU282987 (100 μg/kg, i.p.), a selective α7nAChR agonist, protected mice from intestinal injury and significantly improved survival when administered prior to lethal 8 Gy total body irradiation. In vitro, PNU282987 protected against 8 Gy radiation-induced cell death in human umbilical venous endothelial cells by inhibiting apoptosis. We conclude that activation of α7nAChR may provide a new therapeutic pathway for the treatment of radiation-induced damage and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kuai Chen
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Song JN, Zhang M, Li DD, Li M, An JY, Cheng MF, Guo XY. Dynamic expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 and cytokines in the cerebral basilar artery of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the effect of acetylcholine. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:941-9; discussion 949. [PMID: 24463741 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-1998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are complex interactions between acetylcholine (ACh), the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), and cytokines, however, little is known about their dynamic expression or their effects on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Therefore, we aimed to describe and clarify the dynamic expression of SOCS-3 and cytokines after SAH, as well as the relationships between the levels of SOCS-3, cytokines, and ACh. METHODS The rat model of single cisterna magna injection was used to mimic acute SAH. The degree of CVS was indicated by lumen diameter and artery wall thickness under H&E staining. A semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis method was used to clarify the role of SOCS-3 in the CVS after SAH. We also measured the content of IL-6 and IL-10 in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS We found that SOCS-3 expression levels increased rapidly within 12 h after SAH, more slowly after 12 h, and did not reach a peak within 48 h. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels rapidly increased within 24 h after SAH, reached a peak 24 h after SAH, and decreased slightly at 48 h. IL-10 levels increased during the first 6 h after SAH, after which this increase tapered off. ACh treatment reduced IL-6 levels and resulted in elevated levels of SOCS-3, but had no effect on IL-10 expression. Furthermore, ACh treatment relieved basilar arterial vasospasm, whereas mecamylamine pretreatment counteracted the activity of ACh. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that SOCS-3 was involved in vasospasm via an IL-6- and IL-10-related mechanism, and that CVS following SAH could be reversed by the intraventricular injection of ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
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You QH, Zhang D, Niu CC, Zhu ZM, Wang N, Yue Y, Sun GY. Expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and the counteraction of anisodamine or methylprednisolone. Cytokine 2014; 66:78-86. [PMID: 24548428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F as pro-inflammatory cytokines played an important role in triggering inflammatory responses. However, little was known about the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, the present study investigated the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay or reverse transcription-polymerase chains reaction. Anisodamine and methylprednisolone were also investigated as anti-inflammatory strategy in the process of LPS-induced ALI. Lung injury was evaluated by histological changes, right lung wet weight:body weight (LW/BW) ratios, and protein education and total leukocyte count of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Our findings showed that LPS exposure elevated the levels of leukocyte number, protein education in BALF and the ratios of LW/BW, increased the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in the lung tissues homogenate, BALF and serum of ALI rats. Up-regulation of IL-17F expression was also observed after LPS challenge in rat PMVEC. Treatment with anisodamine or methylprednisolone significantly inhibited the increases of parameters of ALI induced by LPS, and markedly reduced the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in rats and the IL-17F expression in PMVEC. These data suggested that IL-17A and IL-17F maybe play an important role in LPS-induced ALI via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, and anisodamine is similar in extent to methylprednisolone that contributes to relieve LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-hai You
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-cheng Niu
- Department of Nurse, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-ming Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng-yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou JX, Ke P, Huan G, Shao BZ, Liu C. Combined treatment with anisodamine and neostigmine inhibits joint inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:186-7. [PMID: 24393231 PMCID: PMC4234011 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jv-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Liu C, Zhang X, Zhou JX, Wei W, Liu DH, Ke P, Zhang GF, Cai GJ, Su DF. The protective action of ketanserin against lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice is mediated by inhibiting inducible NO synthase expression via the MEK/ERK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:658-666. [PMID: 23954471 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. This work tested the hypothesis that ketanserin could attenuate endotoxic shock by inhibiting the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The results demonstrated that ketanserin could inhibit iNOS expression in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys and nitrate production in the serum upon endotoxic shock in mice. In RAW264.7 cells, ketanserin significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS and decreased the production of NO, TNFα, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ketanserin also increased the level of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential in RAW264.7 cells upon LPS exposure. LPS-induced iNOS expression was inhibited by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin and not the α1 receptor antagonist prazosin. Knockdown of 5-HT2A receptor by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of ketanserin on the expression of iNOS. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of ketanserin on the expression of iNOS is mediated by blocking the 5-HT2A receptor. Furthermore, ketanserin significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB signal. Pretreatment with PD184352, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, blocked the inhibitory effect of ketanserin on the expression of iNOS and NO production, indicating a critical role for the MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that inhibition of the expression of iNOS via the MEK/ERK pathway mediates the protective effects of ketanserin against LPS-induced shock in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jv-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dian-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Jun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Yang ZW, Chen JK, Ni M, Zhao T, Deng YP, Tao X, Jiang GJ, Shen FM. Role of Kir6.2 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in endotoxemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:75. [PMID: 23659427 PMCID: PMC3654940 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac dysfunction is well-described in endotoxemia and diagnosed in up to 60% of patients with endotoxic shock. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are critical to cardiac function. This study investigates the role of Kir6.2 subunits of KATP channels on cardiac dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Methods Kir6.2 subunits knockout (Kir6.2−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with LPS to induce endotoxemia. Cardiac function was monitored by echocardiography. Left ventricles were taken for microscopy (both light and electron) and TUNEL examination. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in both serum and left ventricular tissues were determined. Results Compared to WT, Kir6.2−/− mice showed significantly declined cardiac function 360 min after LPS administration, aggravated myocardial damage and elevated serum LDH and CK activities. Apoptotic cells were obviously increased in heart tissues from Kir6.2−/− mice at 90, 180 and 360 min. TNF-α expression in both serum and heart tissues of Kir6.2−/− mice was significantly increased. Conclusions We conclude that Kir6.2 subunits are critical in resistance to endotoxemia-induced cardiac dysfunction through reducing myocardial damage by inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. KATP channels blockers are extensively used in the treatment of diabetes, their potential role should therefore be considered in the clinic when patients treated with antidiabetic sulfonylureas are complicated by endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Xu TY, Guo LL, Wang P, Song J, Le YY, Viollet B, Miao CY. Chronic exposure to nicotine enhances insulin sensitivity through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-STAT3 pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51217. [PMID: 23251458 PMCID: PMC3520975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on insulin sensitivity and explore the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with nicotine (3 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks reduced 43% body weight gain and 65% blood insulin level, but had no effect on blood glucose level. Both insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test demonstrated that nicotine treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity. Pretreatment of rats with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg/day) to antagonize peripheral nicotinic receptors except for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) had no effect on the insulin sensitizing effect of nicotine. However, the insulin sensitizing effect but not the bodyweight reducing effect of nicotine was abrogated in α7-nAChR knockout mice. Further, chronic treatment with PNU-282987 (0.53 mg/kg/day), a selective α7-nAChR agonist, significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity without apparently modifying bodyweight not only in normal mice but also in AMP-activated kinase-α2 knockout mice, an animal model of insulin resistance with no sign of inflammation. Moreover, PNU-282987 treatment enhanced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver in normal mice. PNU-282987 treatment also increased glucose uptake by 25% in C2C12 myotubes and this effect was total abrogated by STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201. All together, these findings demonstrated that nicotine enhanced insulin sensitivity in animals with or without insulin resistance, at least in part via stimulating α7-nAChR-STAT3 pathway independent of inflammation. Our results contribute not only to the understanding of the pharmacological effects of nicotine, but also to the identifying of new therapeutic targets against insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Le
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Role of Nicotinic and Muscarinic Cholinoreceptors in the Realization of the Cholinergic Anti-Infl ammatory Pathway during the Early Phase of Sepsis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 153:700-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu GN, Yang K, Xu ZP, Zhu L, Hou LN, Qi H, Chen HZ, Cui YY. Protective effects of anisodamine on cigarette smoke extract-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and tracheal contractility. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen JK, Zhao T, Ni M, Li DJ, Tao X, Shen FM. Downregulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:38. [PMID: 22682236 PMCID: PMC3507811 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation processes are important participants in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The role of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in inflammation has recently been identified. Our previous study has demonstrated that the α7nAChR-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is impaired systemically in the genetic model of hypertension. In this work, we investigated the changes of α7nAChR expression in a model of secondary hypertension. Methods The 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat model was used. Blood pressure, vagus nerve function, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and both the mRNA and protein levels of α7nAChR in tissues from heart, kidney and aorta were measured at 4, 8 and 20 weeks after surgery. Results Compared with age-matched control, it was found that vagus nerve function was significantly decreased in 2K1C rats with the development of hypertension. Serum levels of TNF-α were greater in 2K1C rats than in age-matched control at 4, 8 and 20 weeks. α7nAChR mRNA in the heart was not altered in 2K1C rats. In the kidney of 2K1C rats, α7nAChR expression was significantly decreased at 8 and 20 weeks, but markedly increased at 4 weeks. α7nAChR mRNA was less in aorta of 2K1C rats than in age-matched control at 4, 8 and 20 weeks. These findings were confirmed at the protein levels of α7nAChR. Conclusions Our results suggested that secondary hypertension may induce α7nAChR downregulation, and the decreased expression of α7nAChR may contribute to inflammation in 2K1C hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Sun L, Zhang GF, Zhang X, Liu Q, Liu JG, Su DF, Liu C. Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine produces anti-shock effects: involvement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:761-6. [PMID: 22580739 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the anti-effects of anisodamine and neostigmine in animal models of endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock. METHODS Kunming mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS 30 mg/kg, ip) to induce endotoxic shock. Anisodamine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, ip) and neostigmine (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/kg, ip) were administered immediately after LPS injection. Survival rate was monitored, and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed using ELISA assays. The effects of anisodamine and neostigmine were also examined in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) knockout mice with endotoxic shock and in Beagle dogs with hemorrhagic shock. RESULTS In mice with experimental endotoxemia, combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine significantly increased the survival rate and decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, as compared to those produced by either drug alone. The anti-shock effect of combined anisodamine and neostigmine was abolished in α7 nAChR knockout mice. On the other hand, intravenous injection of the combined anisodamine and neostigmine, or the selective α7 nAChR agonist PNU282987 exerted similar anti-shock effects in dogs with hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine produces significant anti-shock effects, which involves activation of α7 nAChRs.
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Effects of Reversible Inhibition of Cholinesterase and Nicotine on Mouse Mortality and Blood Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines during the Early Phase of Sepsis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:600-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Liu C, Su D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Front Med 2012; 6:35-40. [PMID: 22460446 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies show that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production through "the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway," more specifically via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). In the current study, the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during septic shock, hypertension, and myocardial infarction is reviewed, and its possible clinical implications in cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Yin XL, Shen H, Zhang W, Yang Y. Inhibition of endoplasm reticulum stress by anisodamine protects against myocardial injury after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 39:853-66. [PMID: 21905277 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anisodamine is a multi-functional bio-alkaloid with vascular activity. Our previous studies have revealed that anisodamine protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation. This study aimed to explore whether the protective effect of anisodamine is mediated by inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response, which has been demonstrated to implicate in various I/R injuries. After 5 min of CA induced by electric stimulation, Wistar rats were randomly selected to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR, including chest compression and epinephrine infusion) with or without anisodamine injection (n = 50/group). Hearts were harvested 24 h after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Sham-operated animals served as non-ischemic controls (n = 10). The survival rate, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the protein expression of ERS markers were detected. Thirty-three of the 50 rats in the Ani + CA/R group were successfully resuscitated, whereas only 18 of the 50 rats in the CA/R group gained ROSC. Survival to 24 h was significantly improved in the anisodamine treatment group (Ani + CA/R, n = 22/50) compared to the group with standard CPR (CA/R, n = 8/50). Anisodamine markedly decreased the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, the protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, and the active form of Caspase3 compared to the CA/R group. Our data suggest that anisodamine protects against cellular damage in rat hearts after CA and resuscitation, at least in part, by inhibiting myocardial ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Yin
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Bai X, Du K, Huang Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Pei Y, Mu J, Han H, Hu S, Li S, Dong H, Lu Y, Hou L, Xiong L. Activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway contributes to the protective effects of 100% oxygen inhalation on zymosan-induced generalized inflammation in mice. J Surg Res 2011; 174:e75-83. [PMID: 22261596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 100% oxygen inhalation has been demonstrated to have a protective effect on mice with zymosan-induced generalized inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. The present study was designed to explore the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in this animal model. METHODS Oxygen inhalation was given to mice at 4 and 12 h after zymosan injection. One group of mice underwent vagotomy 7 d before zymosan injection. The other two groups of mice either received nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, or α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine 30 min before oxygen was given. RESULTS The 100% oxygen treatment significantly decreased the serum level of TNF-α and increased the serum level of IL-10. The pathologic changes of the heart, lung, liver, and kidney were attenuated, as well as the dysfunction of liver and kidney. The 7-d survival rate of zymosan-challenged mice was also improved. Conversely, all these protective effects caused by pure oxygen treatment were abolished in those animals that received anti-cholinergic treatments. CONCLUSIONS The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may be involved in the 100% oxygen protective mechanism against zymosan-induced generalized inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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Liu C, Zhang GF, Song SW, Cai GJ, Liu WH, Miao CY, Su DF. Effects of ketanserin on endotoxic shock and baroreflex function in rodents. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1605-12. [PMID: 21917879 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketanserin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist, is clinically used as an antihypertensive agent and could enhance baroreflex function. The present work tested the hypothesis that restoration of baroreflex function is an effective treatment for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock. METHODS Kunming mice were injected with LPS (30 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) to induce endotoxic shock. Ketanserin (0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) was administered immediately after LPS injection. Survival time was monitored, and serum cytokines were analyzed after the onset of LPS. Effects of ketanserin were also examined in IL-10-deficient mice and mice with sinoaortic denervation. Finally, effects of ketanserin on blood pressure, heart rate, and baroreflex sensitivity were examined in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with endotoxic shock. RESULTS Ketanserin significantly increased survival time and decreased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin (IL) 1β in mice with endotoxic shock. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, ketanserin also significantly increased serum IL-10 concentration. The antishock effect of ketanserin was also apparent in IL-10-knockout mice. In mice with sinoaortic denervation, however, ketanserin had little antishock effects. In WKY rats, ketanserin significantly prevented the baroreflex impairment induced by LPS and prolonged the survival time. CONCLUSIONS Ketanserin could ameliorate endotoxic shock by restoring baroreflex function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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An inflammatory pathway to apnea and autonomic dysregulation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 178:449-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li Q, Lei H, Liu A, Yang Y, Su D, Liu X. The antishock effect of anisodamine requires the upregulation of α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptors by IL-10. Life Sci 2011; 89:395-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zabrodskii PF. Effect of acetylcholine on mortality of mice from sepsis and proinflammatory cytokine production. Bull Exp Biol Med 2011; 150:340-2. [PMID: 21240349 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on outbred mice showed that acetylcholine chloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg 6 h after subcutaneous injection significantly reduces mortality of mice from sepsis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2×10(9) E. coli bacterial bodies and the blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Zabrodskii
- Saratov Military Institute of Biological and Chemical Safety, Russia.
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Zhao T, Li DJ, Liu C, Su DF, Shen FM. Beneficial effects of anisodamine in shock involved cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:23. [PMID: 21687515 PMCID: PMC3108475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisodamine, an antagonist of muscarinic receptor, has been used therapeutically to improve blood flow in circulatory disorders such as septic shock in China since 1965. The main mechanism of anisodamine for anti-shock proposed in Pharmacology for Chinese medical students is to improve blood flow in the microcirculation. Here, we suggest a new mechanism for its anti-shock effect. That is, anisodamine, by blocking muscarinic receptor, results in rerouting of acetylcholine to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) bringing about increased acetylcholine-mediated activation of α7nAChR and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
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Chen J, Lv Q, Yu M, Zhang X, Gou J. Randomized clinical trial of Chinese herbal medications to reduce wound complications after mastectomy for breast carcinoma. Br J Surg 2010; 97:1798-804. [PMID: 20862715 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia and necrosis of skin flaps is a common complication after mastectomy. This study evaluated the influence of anisodamine and Salvia miltiorrhiza on wound complications after mastectomy for breast cancer. METHODS Ninety patients undergoing mastectomy for breast carcinoma were divided into three groups. Group 1 received routine wound care, group 2 received intravenous Salvia miltiorrhiza after surgery for 3 days and group 3 similarly received intravenous anisodamine. Skin flaps were observed on postoperative days 4 and 8; areas of wound ischaemia and necrosis were graded and adverse events recorded. RESULTS There was no difference in demographic characteristics between the groups. At 4 days after surgery the rate of ischaemia and necrosis in groups 2 and 3 was significantly reduced compared with that in control group 1 (median wound score 6·80 versus 23·38, P = 0·002, and 3·76 versus 23·38, P < 0·001, respectively). This improvement in groups 2 and 3 continued to postoperative day 8 (both P < 0·001), but wound scores at this stage were better in group 3 than in group 2 (1·82 versus 6·92 respectively; P = 0·022). The volume of wound drainage was lower in group 3 than in group 1 (P = 0·004). The incidence of adverse effects was highest in group 3, and two patients in this group discontinued treatment. No significant complications were noted in group 2. CONCLUSION Anisodamine and S. miltiorrhiza were both effective in reducing skin flap ischaemia and necrosis after mastectomy, although anisodamine was associated with a higher rate of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Li DJ, Evans RG, Yang ZW, Song SW, Wang P, Ma XJ, Liu C, Xi T, Su DF, Shen FM. Dysfunction of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediates organ damage in hypertension. Hypertension 2010; 57:298-307. [PMID: 21173343 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.160077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are associated with the genesis and progression of end-organ damage (EOD) in hypertension. A role for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in inflammation has recently been identified. We tested the hypothesis that α7nAChR dysfunction contributes to hypertensive EOD. In both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and rats with abdominal aorta coarctation-induced hypertension, atropine-induced tachycardia was blunted compared with normotensive controls. Both models of hypertension were associated with deficits in expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and the α7nAChR in cardiovascular tissues. In hypertension induced by abdominal aorta coarctation, deficits in aortic vesicular acetylcholine transporter and α7nAChR were present both above and below the coarctation site, indicating that they were independent of the level of arterial pressure itself. Hypertension in 40-week-old SHRs was associated with cardiac and aortic hypertrophy. Morphological abnormalities consistent with EOD, along with elevated tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) were observed in the heart, kidney, and aorta. Chronic treatment of SHRs with the α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 relieved EOD and inhibited tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor κB. Greater serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and more severe damage in the heart, aorta, and kidney were seen in α7nAChR(-/-) mice subjected to 2-kidney-1-clip surgery than in wild-type mice. A deficit in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of EOD in models of hypertension of varying etiology. This pathway may provide a new target for preventing cardiovascular disease resulting from hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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