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Gupta M, Davenport D, Orozco G, Bharadwaj R, Roses RE, Evers BM, Zwischenberger J, Ancheta A, Shah MB, Gedaly R. Perioperative outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and clinically normal livers. Surg Oncol 2024; 56:102114. [PMID: 39163797 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite superior outcomes with liver transplantation, cirrhotic patients with HCC may turn to other forms of definitive treatment. To understand perioperative outcomes, we examined perioperative mortality and major morbidity after hepatectomy for HCC among cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. METHOD ology: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for liver resection for HCC. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between liver texture and risk of major non-infectious morbidity, post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and 30-day mortality. RESULTS From 2014 to 2018, 2203 patients underwent hepatectomy: 58.6 % cirrhotic, 12.8 % fatty and 28.6 % normal texture. Overall 30 day-mortality was 2.1 % (n = 46), although higher among fatty liver (2.8 %) and cirrhotic (2.6 %; p = 0.025) patients. The incidence of PHLF was 6.9 %, with hepatectomy type, cirrhosis, and platelet count as major risk factors. Age, resection type, and platelet count were associated with major complications. Trisegmentectomy and right hepatectomy (OR = 3.60, OR = 3.46, respectively) conferred a greater risk of major noninfectious morbidity compared to partial hepatectomy. Among cirrhotics alone, hepatectomy type, platelet count, preoperative sepsis and ASA class were associated with major morbidity. DISCUSSION Hepatic parenchymal disease/texture and function, presence of portal hypertension, and the extent of the liver resection are critical determinants of perioperative risk among HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Gupta
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Daniel Davenport
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gabriel Orozco
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rashmi Bharadwaj
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Robert E Roses
- Department of Surgery - Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Joseph Zwischenberger
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Alexandre Ancheta
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Malay B Shah
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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La Vecchia C, Santucci C. Liver cancer in young adults: Validity of global data sets. Hepatology 2024; 80:766-769. [PMID: 38683502 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li S, Hao L, Li N, Hu X, Yan H, Dai E, Shi X. Targeting the Hippo/YAP1 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma: From mechanisms to therapeutic drugs (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:88. [PMID: 39092548 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth and organ size. Its regulatory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) encompass diverse aspects, including cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, tumor drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, immunomodulatory effects and autophagy. Yes‑associated protein 1 (YAP1), a potent transcriptional coactivator and a major downstream target tightly controlled by the Hippo pathway, is influenced by various molecules and pathways. The expression of YAP1 in different cell types within the liver tumor microenvironment exerts varying effects on tumor outcomes, warranting careful consideration. Therefore, research on YAP1‑targeted therapies merits attention. This review discusses the composition and regulation mechanism of the Hippo/YAP1 signaling pathway and its relationship with HCC, offering insights for future research and cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Li
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center of Experimental Management, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
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4
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Watling CZ, Wojt A, Florio AA, Butera G, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Huang WY, Parisi D, Zhang X, Graubard BI, Petrick JL, McGlynn KA. Fiber and whole grain intakes in relation to liver cancer risk: An analysis in 2 prospective cohorts and systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Hepatology 2024; 80:552-565. [PMID: 38441973 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between fiber or whole grain intakes and the risk of liver cancer remains unclear. We assessed the associations between fiber or whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk among 2 prospective studies, and systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed these results with published prospective studies. APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 111,396 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) and 26,085 men from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study were included. Intakes of total fiber and whole grains were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires. Study-specific HRs and 95% CI with liver cancer risk were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. We systematically reviewed existing literature, and studies were combined in a dose-response meta-analysis. A total of 277 (median follow-up = 15.6 y) and 165 (median follow-up = 16.0 y) cases of liver cancer were observed in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, respectively. Dietary fiber was inversely associated with liver cancer risk in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (HR 10g/day : 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). No significant associations were observed between whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk in either study. Our meta-analysis included 2383 incident liver cancer cases (7 prospective cohorts) for fiber intake and 1523 cases (5 prospective cohorts) for whole grain intake; combined HRs for liver cancer risk were 0.83 (0.76-0.91) per 10 g/day of fiber and 0.92 (0.85-0.99) per 16 g/day (1 serving) of whole grains. CONCLUSIONS Dietary fiber and whole grains were inversely associated with liver cancer risk. Further research exploring potential mechanisms and different fiber types is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Z Watling
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aika Wojt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea A Florio
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gisela Butera
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominick Parisi
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mahboobnia K, Beveridge DJ, Yeoh GC, Kabir TD, Leedman PJ. MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9393. [PMID: 39273339 PMCID: PMC11395074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a significant global health burden, with alarming statistics revealing its rising incidence and high mortality rates. Despite advances in medical care, HCC treatment remains challenging due to late-stage diagnosis, limited effective therapeutic options, tumor heterogeneity, and drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted substantial attention as key regulators of HCC pathogenesis. These small non-coding RNA molecules play pivotal roles in modulating gene expression, implicated in various cellular processes relevant to cancer development. Understanding the intricate network of miRNA-mediated molecular pathways in HCC is essential for unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis and developing novel therapeutic approaches. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent experimental and clinical discoveries regarding the complex role of miRNAs in influencing the key hallmarks of HCC, as well as their promising clinical utility as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Mahboobnia
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dianne J Beveridge
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - George C Yeoh
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tasnuva D Kabir
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter J Leedman
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Valente LC, Bacil GP, Riechelmann-Casarin L, Barbosa GC, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Exploring in vitro modeling in hepatocarcinogenesis research: morphological and molecular features and similarities to the corresponding human disease. Life Sci 2024; 351:122781. [PMID: 38848937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) features a remarkable epidemiological burden, ranking as the third most lethal cancer worldwide. As the HCC-related molecular and cellular complexity unfolds as the disease progresses, the use of a myriad of in vitro models available is mandatory in translational preclinical research setups. In this review paper, we will compile cutting-edge information on the in vitro bioassays for HCC research, (A) emphasizing their morphological and molecular parallels with human HCC; (B) delineating the advantages and limitations of their application; and (C) offering perspectives on their prospective applications. While bidimensional (2D) (co) culture setups provide a rapid low-cost strategy for metabolism and drug screening investigations, tridimensional (3D) (co) culture bioassays - including patient-derived protocols as organoids and precision cut slices - surpass some of the 2D strategies limitations, mimicking the complex microarchitecture and cellular and non-cellular microenvironment observed in human HCC. 3D models have become invaluable tools to unveil HCC pathophysiology and targeted therapy. In both setups, the recapitulation of HCC in different etiologies/backgrounds (i.e., viral, fibrosis, and fatty liver) may be considered as a fundamental guide for obtaining translational findings. Therefore, a "multimodel" approach - encompassing the advantages of different in vitro bioassays - is encouraged to circumvent "model-biased" outcomes in preclinical HCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Cardoso Valente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Brazil
| | - Gabriel Prata Bacil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Brazil
| | - Luana Riechelmann-Casarin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Brazil
| | | | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Brazil.
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7
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Zhang J, Liu M, Qu Q, Lu M, Liu Z, Yan Z, Xu L, Gu C, Zhang X, Zhang T. Radiomics analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for evaluating vessels encapsulating tumour clusters in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1422119. [PMID: 39193385 PMCID: PMC11347320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1422119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to develop an integrated model that combines clinical-radiologic and radiomics features based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for preoperative evaluating of vessels encapsulating tumour clusters (VETC) patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This retrospective study encompassed 234 patients who underwent surgical resection. Among them, 101 patients exhibited VETC-positive HCC, while 133 patients displayed VETC-negative HCC. Volumes of interest were manually delineated for entire tumour regions in the arterial phase (AP), portal phase (PP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images. Independent predictors for VETC were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis, utilising radiomics-AP, PP, HBP, along with 24 imaging features and 19 clinical characteristics. Subsequently, the clinico-radiologic model, radiomics model, and integrated model were established, with a nomogram visualising the integrated model. The performance for VETC prediction was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The integrated model, composed of 3 selected traditional imaging features (necrosis or severe ischemia [OR=2.457], peripheral washout [OR=1.678], LLR_AP (Lesion to liver ratio_AP) [OR=0.433] and radiomics-AP [OR=2.870], radiomics-HBP [OR=2.023], radiomics-PP [OR=1.546]), showcased good accuracy in predicting VETC patterns in both the training (AUC=0.873, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.821-0.925)) and validation (AUC=0.869, 95% CI:0.789-0.950) cohorts. Conclusion This study established an integrated model that combines traditional imaging features and radiomic features from gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, demonstrating good performance in predicting VETC patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maotong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Qu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengtian Lu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuyi Yan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Zhao L, Kan Y, Wang L, Pan J, Li Y, Zhu H, Yang Z, Xiao L, Fu X, Peng F, Ren H. Roles of long non‑coding RNA SNHG16 in human digestive system cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:106. [PMID: 38940337 PMCID: PMC11234248 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of tumors in the human digestive system is relatively high, including esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. These malignancies arise from a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Among them, long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which cannot be translated into proteins, serve an important role in the development, progression, migration and prognosis of tumors. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is a typical lncRNA, and its relationship with digestive system tumors has been widely explored. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that the principal molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in digestive system tumors involves it functioning as a competitive endogenous RNA that interacts with other proteins, regulates various genes and influences a downstream target molecule. The present review summarizes recent research on the relationship between SNHG16 and numerous types of digestive system cancer, encompassing its biological functions, underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Furthermore, it outlines the association between SNHG16 expression and pertinent risk factors, such as smoking, infection and diet. The present review indicated the promise of SNHG16 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human digestive system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Kan
- Central Laboratory of Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Pan
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfa Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation of Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Molecular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Du YN, Zhao JW. GDF15: Immunomodulatory Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1171-1183. [PMID: 38911292 PMCID: PMC11193986 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s471239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Evidence shows that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis through various mechanisms. This paper reviews the latest insights into the role of GDF15 in the development of HCC, its role in the immune microenvironment of HCC, and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-related HCC. Additionally, as a serum biomarker for HCC, diagnostic and prognostic value of GDF15 for HCC is summarized. The article elaborates on the immunological effects of GDF15, elucidating its effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver fibrosis, as well as its role in HCC metastasis and tumor angiogenesis, and its interactions with anticancer drugs. Based on the impact of GDF15 on the immune response in HCC, future research should identify its signaling pathways, affected immune cells, and tumor microenvironment interactions. Clinical studies correlating GDF15 levels with patient outcomes can aid personalized treatment. Additionally, exploring GDF15-targeted therapies with immunotherapies could improve anti-tumor responses and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Du
- Department of Medical Sciences, Li Ka-shing School of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Gao Y, Gong Y, Lu J, Li S, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Gong P, Li Y, Shi X. Dihydroartemisinin breaks the immunosuppressive tumor niche during cisplatin treatment in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152171. [PMID: 38905871 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by high mortality rates, often exhibits limited responsiveness to conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Therefore, identifying a sensitizer for cisplatin has become crucial. Dihydroartemisinin, known for its potent role of tumor treatment, arises as a prospective candidate for cisplatin sensitization in clinical settings. METHODS A mouse model of liver tumor was established through chemical induction of DEN/TCPOBOP. Upon successful model establishment, ultrasound was employed to detect tumors, Hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted for observation of liver tissue pathology, and ELISA was utilized to assess cytokine changes (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1β, CCL2, and CCL21) in peripheral blood, para-tumor tissues, and tumor tissues. The infiltration of CD8+T cells and macrophages in tumor tissue sections was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Dihydroartemisinin combined with cisplatin obviously restrained the growth of liver tumors in mice and improved the weight and spleen loss caused by cisplatin. Cisplatin treatment of liver tumor mice increased the content of CCL2 and the number of macrophages in tumor tissues and promoted the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The combination therapy decreased the content of TGF-β in tumor tissues while increasing CCL2 levels in para-tumor tissues. Both combination therapy and cisplatin alone increased the number of CD8+T cells in tumor tissue, but there was no difference between them. CONCLUSION Dihydroartemisinin combined with cisplatin obviously prevented the deterioration of liver tumor in hepatocellular carcinoma mice and improve the therapeutic effect of cisplatin by improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by cisplatin. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for considering dihydroartemisinin as an adjuvant drug for cisplatin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguang Yang
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Junlan Lu
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yajun Xiong
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yuman Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Xinli Shi
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China.
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Pu J, Wang J, Li W, Lu Y, Wu X, Long X, Luo C, Wei H. hsa_circ_0000092 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through up-regulating HN1 expression by binding to microRNA-338-3p. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e15010. [PMID: 32077624 PMCID: PMC10941524 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in diverse cancers for their role in regulating multiple cellular processes by antagonizing microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). However, the role of circRNA hsa_circ_0000092 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains enigmatic. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the specific mechanism of hsa_circ_0000092 in HCC. Differentially expressed circRNAs associated to HCC were initially analysed. The expression of hsa_circ_0000092, miR-338-3p and HN1 in HCC tissues and cell lines was examined. Next, the interaction among hsa_circ_0000092, miR-338-3p and HN1 was determined by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and northern blot assays. Subsequently, a series of mimic, inhibitor or siRNA plasmids were delivered into HCC cells to validate the effects of hsa_circ_0000092, miR-338-3p and HN1 in controlling cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, the role of hsa_circ_0000092 in tumour growth of HCC in vivo was assessed with hsa_circ_0000092 depleted with siRNA. The hsa_circ_0000092/miR-338-3p/HN1 axis was predicted to participate in the development of HCC. hsa_circ_0000092 and HN1 were highly expressed while miR-338-3p was poorly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. hsa_circ_0000092 could competitively bind to miR-338-3p to up-regulate HN1 expression. Moreover, depleted hsa_circ_0000092 or elevated miR-338-3p was shown to suppress HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro via down-regulation of HN1. Furthermore, silencing hsa_circ_0000092 was demonstrated to suppress tumour growth in HCC in vivo. The results of this study suggested that hsa_circ_0000092 impaired miR-338-3p-mediated HN1 inhibition to aggravate the development of HCC, indicating that hsa_circ_0000092 is a potential candidate marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Yuan Lu
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Xidai Long
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Chunying Luo
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
| | - Huamei Wei
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseChina
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12
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Ninh KV, Do DH, Nguyen TD, Tran PH, Hoang T, Le DT, Nguyen NQ. Outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experiences from a Vietnamese center. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2024; 28:34-41. [PMID: 38193614 PMCID: PMC10896682 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.23-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Liver transplantation (LT) provides a favorable outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was launched in Vietnam in 2004. In this study, we evaluated the short-term and long-term outcomes of LT and its risk factors. Methods This retrospective study analyzed HCC patients who underwent LT at Viet Duc University hospital, Vietnam, from 01/2012-03/2022. The following data were gathered: demographics, virus infection, tumor characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, Child-Pugh and MELD scores, selection criteria, type of LT, complications, 30-day mortality, and disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS). Results Fifty four patients were included, the mean age was 55.39 ± 8.46 years. Nearly 90% had hepatitis B virus-related HCC. The median (interquartile range) AFP level was 16.2 (88.7) ng/mL. The average MELD score was 10.57 ± 5.95; the rate of Child-Pugh A and B were 70.4% and 18.5%, respectively. Nearly 40% of the patients were within Milan criteria, brain-dead donor was 83.3%. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis occurred in 0% and 1.9%, respectively; hepatic artery thrombosis 1.9%, biliary leakage 5.6%, and postoperative hemorrhage 3.7%. Ninety-day mortality was 5.6%. Five-year DFS and OS were 79.3% and 81.4%, respectively. MELD score and Child-Pugh score were predictive factors for DFS and OS (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh score was the only significant factor (p < 0.05). Conclusions In Vietnam, LT is an effective therapy for HCC with an acceptable complication rate, mortality rate, and good survival outcomes, and should be further encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Viet Ninh
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Hai Do
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Duc Nguyen
- Department of General Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Ha Tran
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Hoang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thanh Le
- Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Quang Nguyen
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Li ZY, Shen QM, Wang J, Tuo JY, Tan YT, Li HL, Xiang YB. Prediagnostic plasma metabolite concentrations and liver cancer risk: a population-based study of Chinese men. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104990. [PMID: 38306896 PMCID: PMC10847612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous metabolic profiling of liver cancer has mostly used untargeted metabolomic approaches and was unable to quantitate the absolute concentrations of metabolites. In this study, we examined the association between the concentrations of 186 targeted metabolites and liver cancer risk using prediagnostic plasma samples collected up to 14 years prior to the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (n = 322 liver cancer cases, n = 322 matched controls) within the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and related medical histories were used to estimate the odds ratios. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to characterise the dose-response relationships between metabolite concentrations and liver cancer risk. FINDINGS After adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing, 28 metabolites were associated with liver cancer risk. Significant non-linear relationships were observed for 22 metabolites. The primary bile acid biosynthesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were found to be important pathways involved in the aetiology of liver cancer. A metabolic score consisting of 10 metabolites significantly improved the predictive ability of traditional epidemiological risk factors for liver cancer, with an optimism-corrected AUC increased from 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81-0.87) to 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.91). INTERPRETATION This study characterised the dose-response relationships between metabolites and liver cancer risk, providing insights into the complex metabolic perturbations prior to the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer. The metabolic score may serve as a candidate risk predictor for liver cancer. FUNDING National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China [2021YFC2500404, 2021YFC2500405]; US National Institutes of Health [subcontract of UM1 CA173640].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ying Li
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Yi Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Hu X, Zhu Z, Liu K, Liu J, Li J, Wang Z. Proteome-wide identification and functional analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in Hepa1-6 cells by knockdown of E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:102-111. [PMID: 38410210 PMCID: PMC10894337 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy that poses a serious threat to human life. The conventional therapies for HCC cannot substantially improve overall survival (OS), disease duration, and prognosis. Therefore, it is important to study the underlying mechanism of HCC and seek better methods for HCC prevention and treatment. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that modulates great cellular function by cooperating with E1, E2, and E3 ligases. Yet, the ubiquitination and lysine residues in HCC are still elusive. Seven in absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1), as an important E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis to function as a tumor suppressor in HCC. In the present study, we downregulated SIAH1 in the mouse HCC cell line Hepa1-6 and studied its function by using proteome-wide identification. Methods SIAH1 was knocked down by SIAH1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in mouse HCC cell line Hepa1-6 cells, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was conducted to analyze the ubiquitinated proteins. Functional analysis was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. Results The systematic profiling showed a total of 550 differently expressed proteins (DEPs), including 263 upregulated DEPs and 287 downregulated DEPs. Considering the amino acid sequences around the modified lysine residues, seven proteins were identified as conserved ubiquitination motifs in the peptides. The ubiquitinated proteins were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Functional analysis suggested that the ubiquitinated proteins were mostly enriched in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular space; in addition, the ubiquitinated proteins were mostly attributed to the protein binding, and disease. The ubiquitinated proteins modulate HCC by mapping lysine modification sites. Conclusions The use of high-throughput characterization to identify novel and specific targets associated with SIAH1 is of great significance in terms of functional weight. The results obtained in this paper from the analysis of proteomic data provided novel insights into ubiquitination regulation in HCC, which pave the way for further research and mechanism discovery of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sample Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kehan Liu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingpei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Christou C, Stylianou A, Gkretsi V. Midkine (MDK) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: More than a Biomarker. Cells 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38247828 PMCID: PMC10814326 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional secreted protein that can act as a cytokine or growth factor regulating multiple signaling pathways and being implicated in fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Although its expression in normal adult tissues is barely detectable, MDK serum levels are found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize the findings of recent studies on the role of MDK in HCC diagnosis and progression. Overall, studies show that MDK is a powerful biomarker for HCC early diagnosis, as it can differentiate not only between HCC patients and normal individuals but also between HCC patients and patients with other liver pathologies. It is correlated with high recurrence rates and was shown to be valuable for the diagnosis of early-stage HCC, even in patients negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP), the most commonly used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. A comparison with AFP reveals that MDK is inferior to AFP with regard to specificity but significantly superior with regard to sensitivity, which further indicates the need for using both biomarkers for more effective HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Christou
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Cancer Mechanobiology and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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16
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Xiong Z, Chen P, Yuan M, Yao L, Wang Z, Liu P, Jiang Y. Integrated Bioinformatics and Validation Reveal IFI27 and Its Related Molecules as Potential Identifying Genes in Liver Cirrhosis. Biomolecules 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 38275754 PMCID: PMC10813755 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis remains a significant global public health concern, with liver transplantation standing as the foremost effective treatment currently available. Therefore, investigating the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and developing novel therapies is imperative. Mitochondrial dysfunction stands out as a pivotal factor in its development. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between mitochondria dysfunction and liver cirrhosis using bioinformatic methods to unveil its pathogenesis. Initially, we identified 460 co-expressed differential genes (co-DEGs) from the GSE14323 and GSE25097 datasets, alongside their combined datasets. Functional analysis revealed that these co-DEGs were associated with inflammatory cytokines and cirrhosis-related signaling pathways. Utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA), we screened module genes, intersecting them with co-DEGs and oxidative stress-related mitochondrial genes. Two algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and SVE-RFE) were then employed to further analyze the intersecting genes. Finally, COX7A1 and IFI27 emerged as identifying genes for liver cirrhosis, validated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and related experiments. Additionally, immune infiltration highlighted a strong correlation between macrophages and cirrhosis, with the identifying genes (COX7A1 and IFI27) being significantly associated with macrophages. In conclusion, our findings underscore the critical role of oxidative stress-related mitochondrial genes (COX7A1 and IFI27) in liver cirrhosis development, highlighting their association with macrophage infiltration. This study provides novel insights into understanding the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.X.); (P.C.); (M.Y.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
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17
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Hao L, Li S, Deng J, Li N, Yu F, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Shi X, Hu X. The current status and future of PD-L1 in liver cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323581. [PMID: 38155974 PMCID: PMC10754529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immunotherapy in tumor, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has played an important role in the treatment of advanced unresectable liver cancer. However, the efficacy of ICIs varies greatly among different patients, which has aroused people's attention to the regulatory mechanism of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immune escape of liver cancer. PD-L1 is regulated by multiple levels and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including gene variation, epigenetic inheritance, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification. More studies have also found that the high expression of PD-L1 may be the main factor affecting the immunotherapy of liver cancer. However, what is the difference of PD-L1 expressed by different types of cells in the microenvironment of HCC, and which type of cells expressed PD-L1 determines the effect of tumor immunotherapy remains unclear. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in liver cancer can provide more basis for liver cancer immunotherapy and combined immune treatment strategy. In addition to its well-known role in immune regulation, PD-L1 also plays a role in regulating cancer cell proliferation and promoting drug resistance of tumor cells, which will be reviewed in this paper. In addition, we also summarized the natural products and drugs that regulated the expression of PD-L1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center of Experimental Management, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhong JL, Zhao LW, Chen YH, Luo YW. Acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7463-7468. [PMID: 37969459 PMCID: PMC10643071 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i30.7463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no reports of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) during treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). CASE SUMMARY We report a 50-year-old male patient with CHC. The patient sought medical attention from the Department of Infectious Diseases at our hospital due to severe yellowing of the skin and sclera, which developed 3 mo previously and attended two consecutive hospitals without finding the cause of liver damage. It was not until 1 mo ago that he was diagnosed with CHC at our hospital. After discharge, he was treated with DAAs. During treatment, ACLF occurred, and timely measures such as liver protection, enzyme lowering, anti-infective treatment, and suppression of inflammatory storms were implemented to control the condition. CONCLUSION DAA drugs significantly improve the cure rate of CHC. However, when patients have factors such as autoimmune attack, coinfection, or unclear hepatitis C virus genotype, close monitoring is required during DAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Li Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling-Wei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ying-Hua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ya-Wen Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Romualdo GR, Heidor R, Bacil GP, Moreno FS, Barbisan LF. Past, present, and future of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis rodent models: Perspectives concerning classic and new cancer hallmarks. Life Sci 2023; 330:121994. [PMID: 37543357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main primary liver cancer, accounts for 5 % of all incident cases and 8.4 % of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC displays a spectrum of environmental risk factors (viral chronic infections, aflatoxin exposure, alcoholic- and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases) that result in molecular complexity and heterogeneity, contributing to a rising epidemiological burden, poor prognosis, and non-satisfactory treatment options. The emergence of HCC (i.e., hepatocarcinogenesis) is a multistep and complex process that addresses many (epi)genetic alterations and phenotypic traits, the so-called cancer hallmarks. "Polymorphic microbiomes", "epigenetic reprogramming", "senescent cells" and "unlocking phenotypic plasticity" are trending hallmarks/enabling features in cancer biology. As the main molecular drivers of HCC are still undruggable, chemically induced in vivo models of hepatocarcinogenesis are useful tools in preclinical research. Thus, this narrative review aimed at recapitulating the basic features of chemically induced rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis, eliciting their permanent translational value regarding the "classic" and the "new" cancer hallmarks/enabling features. We gathered state-of-art preclinical evidence on non-cirrhotic, inflammation-, alcoholic liver disease- and nonalcoholic fatty liver-associated HCC models, demonstrating that these bioassays indeed express the recently added hallmarks, as well as reflect the interplay between classical and new cancer traits. Our review demonstrated that these protocols remain valuable for translational preclinical application, as they recapitulate trending features of cancer science. Further "omics-based" approaches are warranted while multimodel investigations are encouraged in order to avoid "model-biased" responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform - Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Heidor
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Prata Bacil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Salvador Moreno
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform - Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Abou-Alfa GK, Afihene M, Capanu M, Li Y, Chou JF, Asombang A, Alatise OI, Bounedjar A, Cunha L, Mekonnen HD, Diop PS, Elwakil R, Ali MM, Ndlovu N, Ndumbalo J, Makondi PT, Tzeuton C, Biachi de Castria T, Agyei-Nkansah AA, Balogun F, Bougouma A, Atipo Ibara BI, Jonas E, Kimani S, Kingham P, Kurrimbukus R, Hammad N, Fouad M, El Baghdady N, Servais Albert Fiacre EB, Sewram V, Spearman CW, Yang JD, Roberts LR, Abdelaziz AO. Africa Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Buildup Process. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300159. [PMID: 37944087 PMCID: PMC10645406 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fourth most common cancer in Africa, has a dismal overall survival of only 3 months like in sub-Saharan Africa. This is affected by the low gross domestic product and human development index, absence of coherent guidelines, and other factors. METHODS An open forum for HCC-experienced health care workers from Africa and the rest of the world was held in October 2021. Participants completed a survey to help assess the real-life access to screening, diagnoses, and treatment in the North and Southern Africa (NS), East and West Africa (EW), Central Africa (C), and the rest of the world. RESULTS Of 461 participants from all relevant subspecialties, 372 were from Africa. Most African participants provided hepatitis B vaccination and treatment for hepatitis B and C. More than half of the participants use serum alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound for surveillance. Only 20% reported using image-guided diagnostic liver biopsy. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer is the most used staging system (52%). Liver transplant is available for only 28% of NS and 3% EW. C reported a significantly lower availability of resection. Availability of local therapy ranged from 94% in NS to 62% in C. Sorafenib is the most commonly used systemic therapy (66%). Only 12.9% reported access to other medications including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Besides 42% access to regorafenib in NS, second-line treatments were not provided. CONCLUSION Similarities and differences in the care for patients with HCC in Africa are reported. This reconfirms the major gaps in access and availability especially in C and marginally less so in EW. This is a call for concerted multidisciplinary efforts to achieve and sustain a reduction in incidence and mortality from HCC in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marinela Capanu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Yuelin Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | | | - Akwi Asombang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Adda Bounedjar
- University Blida 1 Laboratoire de Cancérologie, Faculté de Médecine, Blida, Algeria
| | - Lina Cunha
- Hospital Privado De Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | | | | | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiyinfolu Balogun
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Alain Bougouma
- Université de Ouagadougou UFR/SDS, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Eduard Jonas
- University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Kingham
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Mona Fouad
- University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - C. Wendy Spearman
- University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Cama E, Beadman M, Beadman K, Hopwood M, Treloar C. Health workers' perspectives of hepatitis B-related stigma among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in New South Wales, Australia. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:116. [PMID: 37633903 PMCID: PMC10463284 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences of stigma and discrimination can act as a significant barrier to testing, monitoring, and treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are a population disproportionately impacted by HBV and yet limited research has explored HBV-related stigma in these communities. To begin preliminary explorations of HBV-related stigma among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, we interviewed health workers about their perceptions regarding HBV infection and HBV-related stigma. METHODS Participants were recruited from staff involved in the Deadly Liver Mob (DLM) program which is a health promotion program that offers incentives for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients to be educated on viral hepatitis, recruit and educate peers, and receive screening and treatment for blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmissible infections (STIs), and vaccination. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander health workers who have been involved in the development, implementation, and/or management of the DLM program within participating services in New South Wales, Australia. RESULTS Findings suggest that stigma is a barrier to accessing mainstream health care among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients, with stigma being complex and multi-layered. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people contend with multiple and intersecting layers of stigma and discrimination in their lives, and thus HBV is just one dimension of those experiences. Health workers perceived that stigma is fuelled by multiple factors, including poor HBV health literacy within the health workforce broadly and among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients, shame about social practices associated with viral hepatitis, and fear of unknown transmission risks and health outcomes. The DLM program was viewed as helping to resist and reject stigma, improve health literacy among both health workers and clients, and build trust and confidence in mainstream health services. CONCLUSIONS Health promotion programs have the potential to reduce stigma by acting as a 'one stop shop' for BBVs and STIs through one-on-one support, yarning, and promotion of the HBV vaccine, monitoring for chronic HBV, and treatment (where required).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cama
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Mitch Beadman
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kim Beadman
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Max Hopwood
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carla Treloar
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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22
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Yu B, Zhi X, Li Q, Li T, Chen Z. Comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics among patients with HBV-positive, HCV-positive and Non-B Non-C hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37612653 PMCID: PMC10463328 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of HBV-negative and HCV-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC) is significantly increasing. However, their clinicopathologic features and prognosis remain elucidated. Our study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of NBNC-HCC with hepatitis virus-related HCC. METHOD A literature review was performed in several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, to identify the studies comparing NBNC-HCC with HBV-positive HCV-negative HCC (B-HCC), HBV-negative HCV-positive (C-HCC) and/or HBV-positive HCV-positive HCC (BC-HCC). The clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes were extracted and pooled to access the difference. RESULTS Thirty-two studies with 26,297 patients were included: 5390 patients in NBNC-HCC group, 9873 patients in B-HCC group, 10,848 patients in C-HCC group and 186 patients in BC-HCC group. Patients in NBNC-HCC group were more liable to be diagnosed at higher ages, but with better liver functions and lighter liver cirrhosis. Comparing to B-HCC and C-HCC groups, although NBNC-HCC group was prone to have larger tumor sizes, it did not have more advanced tumors. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in both 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival and overall survival between NBNC-HCC group and B-HCC or C-HCC group. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis revealed patients with NBNC-HCC had as worse prognosis as those with hepatitis virus-related HCC. More attention should be paid on patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or metabolic syndromes to prevent the incidence of NBNC-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuting Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Nanyang Central Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Medical Implantable Devices, Key Laboratory for Medical Implantable Devices of Shandong Province, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai, 264210, China.
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23
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Zhao C, Xiang Z, Li M, Wang H, Liu H, Yan H, Huang M. Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab or Lenvatinib for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matched Study. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1195-1206. [PMID: 37521029 PMCID: PMC10386869 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s418256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Combined transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and Lenvatinib (LEN) treatment (LEN-TACE) has been shown to be beneficial. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev)-TACE compared with LEN-TACE as a first-line therapy for unresectable HCC. Patients and Methods From October 2020 to October 2022, data from 98 consecutive HCC patients were analyzed. After propensity score matching, two cohorts of 34 patients who received either Atezo/Bev-TACE or LEN-TACE were studied. We compared overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) based on RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST, as well as safety outcome between the two cohorts. Results The 6-month and 12-month OS rates were 85.3% (95% CI 73.5-97.0) and 75.4% (95% CI 53.6-85.7) in the Atezo/Bev-TACE group, and 88.2% (95% CI 76.5-97.1) and 79.2% (95% CI 63.6-90.9) in the LEN-TACE group, respectively. The hazard ratio for death in the Atezo/Bev-TACE group compared to the LEN-TACE group was 1.09 (95% CI 0.47-2.51; P = 0.837). The median PFS was 7.03 months (95% CI 3.89-10.17) in the Atezo/Bev-TACE group and 6.03 months (95% CI 0-14.14) in the LEN-TACE group (HR 1.21; 95% CI 0.66-2.21; P = 0.545). No significant difference in ORR and DCR between the two groups was observed either according to RECIST 1.1 or mRECIST standards. Incidence rates of hand-foot skin reaction (35.3% vs 5.9%, P = 0.003) and proteinuria (17.9% vs 2.9%, P = 0.046) were significantly higher in the LEN-TACE group. Conclusion Atezo/Bev-TACE and LEN-TACE showed comparable efficacy and safety as first-line therapies for unresectable HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanwang Xiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haofan Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huzheng Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Li HY, Jia L, Du W, Huang XR. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in previously treated liver cancer patients: a survival analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1231884. [PMID: 37538121 PMCID: PMC10394628 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1231884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The prognosis and medication response for liver malignancies are both dismal and highly heterogeneous. For this diverse malignancy, multimodality therapies such as drugs, surgical management, and/or l+iver transplantation are available. Biliary complications remain a major problem after liver cancer treatment especially in those patients who undergo liver transplantation for their end stage liver disease. Although, most biliary complications can be successfully managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, biliary complications still considered an important factor influencing long-term results in liver cancer treatment patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biliary complications on the overall patient's survival rate after the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of consecutive patients who were treated for liver cancer at our tertiary care hospital from January 2015 to July 2020. We focused on the biliary complications and procedural data, including post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications, survival rate, and complementary or alternative treatments to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Results We identified 967 cases (mean age 49; range 11-75), 84% men. During the mean follow up of 25 months (range 1 to 66 months), 102 patients developed biliary complications; 68/102 underwent 141 therapeutics endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures. The rest 34/102 patients were managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, conservative management, and/or surgery. Post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications occurred in 79.4%, including anastomotic strictures in 25, non-anastomotic strictures in 5, stones in 5, cholangitis in 4, post-sphinctretomy bleeding in 3, pancreatitis in 2, and bile leakage in 1 patient. Seven (13.0%) patients died after ERCP due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Although the survival rate of patients who underwent ERCP and those without ERCP was similar, patients with biliary complications fared significant worse. Conclusion Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is useful for the management of post liver cancer treatment biliary complications; the need for multiple rounds of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and even post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications is relatively high, and often results in increased mortality. However, the survival following endoscopic or surgical therapy in liver cancer treatment patients is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Changxing Country, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Department of Anesthiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wujun Du
- Department of Emergency Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Changxing Country, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Nevola R, Tortorella G, Rosato V, Rinaldi L, Imbriani S, Perillo P, Mastrocinque D, La Montagna M, Russo A, Di Lorenzo G, Alfano M, Rocco M, Ricozzi C, Gjeloshi K, Sasso FC, Marfella R, Marrone A, Kondili LA, Esposito N, Claar E, Cozzolino D. Gender Differences in the Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:984. [PMID: 37508414 PMCID: PMC10376683 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Several chronic liver diseases are characterized by a clear gender disparity. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows significantly higher incidence rates in men than in women. The different epidemiological distribution of risk factors for liver disease and HCC only partially accounts for these gender differences. In fact, the liver is an organ with recognized sexual dysmorphism and is extremely sensitive to the action of androgens and estrogens. Sex hormones act by modulating the risk of developing HCC and influencing its aggressiveness, response to treatments, and prognosis. Furthermore, androgens and estrogens are able to modulate the action of other factors and cofactors of liver damage (e.g., chronic HBV infection, obesity), significantly influencing their carcinogenic power. The purpose of this review is to examine the factors related to the different gender distribution in the incidence of HCC as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, with particular reference to the central role played by sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco La Montagna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rocco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Ricozzi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Klodian Gjeloshi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ernesto Claar
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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26
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Zhou K, Lim T, Dodge JL, Terrault NA, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Population-attributable risk of modifiable lifestyle factors to hepatocellular carcinoma: The multi-ethnic cohort. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:89-98. [PMID: 37051717 PMCID: PMC10810233 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lifestyle factors are well associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of reducing adverse lifestyle behaviours on population-level burden of HCC is uncertain. METHODS We conducted prospective analysis of the population-based multi-ethnic cohort (MEC) with linkage to cancer registries. The association of lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, diet quality assessed by alternate Mediterranean diet score, coffee drinking, physical activity and body mass index) with HCC incidence was examined using Cox regression. Population-attributable risk (PAR, %) for the overall, lean and overweight/obese populations was determined. RESULTS A total of 753 incident cases of HCC were identified in 181,346 participants over median follow-up of 23.1 years. Lifestyle factors associated with elevated HCC risk included former/current smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor diet quality, lower coffee intake and obesity, but not physical activity. The lifestyle factor with highest PAR was lower coffee intake (21.3%; 95% CI: 8.9%-33.0%), followed by current smoking (15.1%; 11.1%-19.0%), obesity (14.5%; 9.2%-19.8%), heavy alcohol use (7.1%; 3.5%-10.6%) and lower diet quality (4.1%; 0.1%-8.1%). The combined PAR of all high-risk lifestyle factors was 51.9% (95% CI: 30.1%-68.6%). A higher combined PAR was observed among lean (65.2%, 26.8%-85.7%) compared to overweight/obese (37.4%, 11.7%-58.3%) participants. Adjusting for viral hepatitis status in a linked MEC-Medicare dataset resulted in similar PAR results. CONCLUSIONS Modifying lifestyle factors, particularly coffee intake, may have a substantial impact on HCC burden in diverse populations, with greater impact among lean adults. Diet and lifestyle counselling should be incorporated into HCC prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiffany Lim
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer L. Dodge
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Norah A. Terrault
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - V. Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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27
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Chen D, Ren H, Zhao N, Hao J. Expression and prognostic value of DNA sensors in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:68-78. [PMID: 37171016 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA sensor proteins play an important role in transducing DNA signals to induce immune responses that initiate inflammation or clear pathogens. It has been previously shown that several DNA sensors are involved in regulating tumor biology and/or cancer immunology. However, a systemic analysis of DNA sensor expression and its correlation with prognosis has not been conducted. Here, we analyzed messenger RNA expression and protein abundance in liver cancer databases and found that the genes of 5 DNA sensors (POLR3A, PRKDC, DHX9, cGAS, and MRE11) were consistently upregulated in tumor tissue. Moreover, the expression of these DNA sensor genes correlated with patient survival. Using a gene alterations analysis, we discovered that patients with genetically altered DNA sensors had significantly lower survival compared with an unaltered group. Furthermore, receiver-operating characteristic curves confirmed that the signatures of the 5 DNA sensors were independent prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor-infiltrating immune cell analysis revealed that expression of all 5 DNA sensors correlated with the amount of B cells, CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, Tregs, DCs, Mϕs, and neutrophils. Surprisingly, 4 of the DNA sensors (POLR3A, PRKDC, DHX9, and MRE11) were inversely correlated with the amount of γδ T cells. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that all 5 DNA sensor genes were enriched for oxidative phosphorylation and xenobiotic metabolism. These results suggest that expression of these DNA sensors is associated with a unique immune profile and metabolic regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, 2 Tangdexi Road, Guangzhou 510399, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, 601 W Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
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28
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Jin Y, Guo YH, Li JC, Li Q, Ye D, Zhang XX, Li JT. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein and gene delivery by novel nanomaterials for promoting liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3748-3757. [PMID: 37426320 PMCID: PMC10324527 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i24.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial hepatectomy (PH) can lead to severe complications, including liver failure, due to the low regenerative capacity of the remaining liver, especially after extensive hepatectomy. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), whose proliferation occurs more slowly and later than hepatocytes after PH, compose the lining of the hepatic sinusoids, which are the smallest blood vessels in the liver. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), secreted by hepatocytes, promotes LSEC proliferation. Supplementation of exogenous VEGF after hepatectomy also increases the number of LSECs in the remaining liver, thus promoting the reestablishment of the hepatic sinusoids and accelerating liver regeneration. At present, some shortcomings exist in the methods of supplementing exogenous VEGF, such as a low drug concentration in the liver and the reaching of other organs. More-over, VEGF should be administered multiple times and in large doses because of its short half-life. This review summarized the most recent findings on liver regeneration and new strategies for the localized delivery VEGF in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Hao Guo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou 317600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abid F, Khan K, Badshah Y, Ashraf NM, Shabbir M, Hamid A, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Razak S. Non-synonymous SNPs variants of PRKCG and its association with oncogenes predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:123. [PMID: 37344815 PMCID: PMC10286404 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRKCG encodes PKC γ, which is categorized under the classical protein kinase C family. No studies have specifically established the relationship between PRKCG nsSNPs with structural and functional variations in PKC γ in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aims to uncover this link through in-silico and experimental studies. METHODS The 3D structure of PKC γ was predicted. Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulations were run and estimates were made for interactions, stability, conservation and post-translational alterations between wild and mutant structures. The association of PRKCG levels with HCC survival rate was determined. Genotyping analyses were conducted to investigate the deleterious PRKCG nsSNP association with HCC. mRNA expression of PKC γ, HIF-1 alpha, AKT, SOCS3 and VEGF in the blood of controls and HCC patients was analyzed and a genetic cascade was constructed depicting these interactions. RESULTS The expression level of studied oncogenes was compared to tumour suppressor genes. Through Alphafold, the 3D structure of PKC γ was explored. Fifteen SNPs were narrowed down for in-silico analyses that were identified in exons 5, 10 and 18 and the regulatory and kinase domain of PKC γ. Root mean square deviation and fluctuation along with the radius of gyration unveiled potential changes between the wild and mutated variant structures. Mutant genotype AA (homozygous) corresponding to nsSNP, rs386134171 had more frequency in patients with OR (2.446), RR (1.564) and P-values (< 0.0029) that highlights its significant association with HCC compared to controls in which the wild genotype GG was found more prevalent. CONCLUSION nsSNP rs386134171 can be a genetic marker for HCC diagnosis and therapeutic studies. This study has laid down a road map for future studies to be conducted on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizzah Abid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Badshah
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Hamid
- LIMES Institute (AG-Netea), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Hemminki K, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Försti A, Liska V, Hemminki A, Li X. Population-Attributable Fractions of Personal Comorbidities for Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Duct Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3092. [PMID: 37370702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to estimate population-attributable fractions (PAF) for 13 comorbidities potentially predisposing to hepatobiliary cancer of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cancers of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts (ICC and ECC), and ampullary cancer. METHODS Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018 and cancers from the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1997 through 2018. PAFs were calculated for each comorbidity-associated cancer using a cohort study design. RESULTS For male HCC, the major individual comorbidities (PAF > 10) were diabetes, alcohol-related liver disease, and hepatitis C virus infection. For female HCC, diabetes and autoimmune diseases were important contributors. For female GBC, gallstone disease was an overwhelming contributor, with a PAF of 30.57%, which was also important for men. The overall PAF for male ICC was almost two times higher than the female one. For ECC and ampullary cancer, infection of bile ducts was associated with the highest PAF. CONCLUSIONS The 13 comorbidities accounted for 50% or more of the potential etiological pathways of each hepatobiliary cancer except female ICC. The underlying convergent mechanism for these cancers may be chronic inflammation lasting for decades and thus offering possibilities for intervention and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Japan
| | - Asta Försti
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, School of Medicine in Pilsen, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xinjun Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Gull N, Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Pedram MZ, Ahmad A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Satija S, Charbe N, Negi P, Goyal R, Serrano-Aroca Á, Al Zoubi MS, El-Tanani M, Tambuwala MM. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Curcuma longa in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:368-390. [PMID: 35285010 PMCID: PMC8918363 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among all forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are several treatment options for HCC ranging from loco-regional therapy to surgical treatment. Yet, there is high morbidity and mortality. Recent research focus has shifted towards more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the Curcuma longa plant, has gained widespread attention in recent years because of its multifunctional properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for studies reporting incidence of HCC, risk factors associated with cirrhosis and experimental use of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent. RESULTS This review exclusively encompasses the anti-cancer properties of curcumin in HCC globally and it's postulated molecular targets of curcumin when used against liver cancers. CONCLUSIONS This review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of novel plant extracts derived from C. longa and the treatment options against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Gull
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., India
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Israr Ul Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mona Zamani Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box: 19395-1999, No. 15-19, Pardis St., Mollasadra Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, 1999 143344, Iran
| | - Arif Ahmad
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, UK.
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Scherübl H. [Type-2-diabetes and gastrointestinal cancer screening]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:683-689. [PMID: 35697066 DOI: 10.1055/a-1821-9108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
More than 8000000 Germans suffer from diabetes. People with type-2-diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. They often develop cancer at younger age and their tumor-specific 5-year-survival is generally shorter. Cancer has become the leading cause of death of T2D-patients. Both chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance can stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) tumor growth. T2D can cause colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, biliary and gastric cancer as well as esophageal adenocarcinoma. Both low-risk lifestyle and gastrointestinal cancer screening are effective and reduce GI cancer risk and GI cancer mortality of T2D-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Scherübl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin; Gastroenterol., GI Onkol. u. Infektiol., Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G. Synergistic Nanomedicine: Photodynamic, Photothermal and Photoimmune Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Fulfilling the Myth of Prometheus? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098308. [PMID: 37176014 PMCID: PMC10179579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, with high morbidity and mortality, which seriously threatens the health and life expectancy of patients. The traditional methods of treatment by surgical ablation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and more recently immunotherapy have not given the expected results in HCC. New integrative combined therapies, such as photothermal, photodynamic, photoimmune therapy (PTT, PDT, PIT), and smart multifunctional platforms loaded with nanodrugs were studied in this review as viable solutions in the synergistic nanomedicine of the future. The main aim was to reveal the latest findings and open additional avenues for accelerating the adoption of innovative approaches for the multi-target management of HCC. High-tech experimental medical applications in the molecular and cellular research of photosensitizers, novel light and laser energy delivery systems and the features of photomedicine integration via PDT, PTT and PIT in immuno-oncology, from bench to bedside, were introspected. Near-infrared PIT as a treatment of HCC has been developed over the past decade based on novel targeted molecules to selectively suppress cancer cells, overcome immune blocking barriers, initiate a cascade of helpful immune responses, and generate distant autoimmune responses that inhibit metastasis and recurrences, through high-tech and intelligent real-time monitoring. The process of putting into effect new targeted molecules and the intelligent, multifunctional solutions for therapy will bring patients new hope for a longer life or even a cure, and the fulfillment of the myth of Prometheus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- President of the International Society for Medical Laser Applications (ISLA Transcontinental), German Vice President of the German-Chinese Research Foundation (DCFG) for TCM, Honorary President of the European Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies, 8053 Graz, Austria
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34
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Walakira A, Skubic C, Nadižar N, Rozman D, Režen T, Mraz M, Moškon M. Integrative computational modeling to unravel novel potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2023; 159:106957. [PMID: 37116239 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem around the world. The management of this disease is complicated by the lack of noninvasive diagnostic tools and the few treatment options available. Better clinical outcomes can be achieved if HCC is detected early, but unfortunately, clinical signs appear when the disease is in its late stages. We aim to identify novel genes that can be targeted for the diagnosis and therapy of HCC. We performed a meta-analysis of transcriptomics data to identify differentially expressed genes and applied network analysis to identify hub genes. Fatty acid metabolism, complement and coagulation cascade, chemical carcinogenesis and retinol metabolism were identified as key pathways in HCC. Furthermore, we integrated transcriptomics data into a reference human genome-scale metabolic model to identify key reactions and subsystems relevant in HCC. We conclude that fatty acid activation, purine metabolism, vitamin D, and E metabolism are key processes in the development of HCC and therefore need to be further explored for the development of new therapies. We provide the first evidence that GABRP, HBG1 and DAK (TKFC) genes are important in HCC in humans and warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Walakira
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Cene Skubic
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Nadižar
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Mraz
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Moškon
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Bosi C, Rimini M, Casadei-Gardini A. Understanding the causes of recurrent HCC after liver resection and radiofrequency ablation. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:503-515. [PMID: 37060290 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation are preferred options for early-stage disease, with 5-year recurrence rates as high as 70% when patients are treated according to guidelines. With increasing availability of therapeutic options, including but not limited to, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenics, and adoptive cell therapies, understanding the causes of recurrence and identifying its predictors should be priorities in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research agenda. AREAS COVERED Current knowledge of HCC predictors of recurrence is reviewed, and recent insights about its underlying mechanisms are presented. In addition, results from recent clinical trials investigating treatment combinations are critically appraised. EXPERT OPINION HCC recurrence is either due to progressive growth of microscopic residual disease, or to de novo cancer development in the context of a diseased liver, each occurring in an early (<2years) vs. late (≥2 years) fashion. Collectively, morphological, proteomic, and transcriptomic data suggest vascular invasion and angiogenesis as key drivers of HCC recurrence. Agents aimed at blocking either of these two hallmarks should be prioritized at the moment of early-stage HCC clinical trial design. Emerging results from clinical trials testing ICI in early-stage HCC underscore the importance of defining the best treatment sequence and the most appropriate combination strategies. Lastly, as different responses to systemic therapies are increasingly defined according to the HCC etiology, patient enrolment into clinical trials should take into account the biological characteristics of their inherent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bosi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Margherita Rimini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milan, 20132, Italy
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36
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Calderon-Martinez E, Landazuri-Navas S, Vilchez E, Cantu-Hernandez R, Mosquera-Moscoso J, Encalada S, Al lami Z, Zevallos-Delgado C, Cinicola J. Prognostic Scores and Survival Rates by Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. J Clin Med Res 2023; 15:200-207. [PMID: 37187717 PMCID: PMC10181349 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer and ranks sixth among all malignancies worldwide. Risk factors for HCC can be classified as infectious or behavioral. Viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse are currently the most common risk factors for HCC; however, nonalcoholic liver disease is expected to become the most common cause of HCC in upcoming years. HCC survival rates vary according to the causative risk factors. As in any malignancy, staging is crucial in making therapeutic decisions. The selection of a specific score should be individualized according to patient characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current data on epidemiology, risk factors, prognostic scores, and survival in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raul Cantu-Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies, Mexico
| | | | - Sebastian Encalada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Zahraa Al lami
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Iraq
| | | | - John Cinicola
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburg, Harrisburg, PA, USA
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37
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Gielen AHC, Samarska I, Den Dulk M, Beckervordersandforth J, Dejong KHC, Bouwense SAW, Dewulf M. Osteoclast-like giant cells in hepatocellular carcinoma case description and review of the literature. Acta Chir Belg 2023; 123:178-184. [PMID: 34110978 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2021.1940443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of osteoclast-like giant cells (OGC) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare and literature on this topic is scarce. In this article, we report on a case of a 77-year-old male patient with HCC with OGC and provide an overview of the current literature. METHODS We conducted a systematic search to find all available literature on OGC in HCC. The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CENTRAL were searched from inception until October 2020. RESULTS Thirteen articles on this topic were identified and were included in this review. Data on 14 patients were available, described in twelve case reports, one patient in a patient series and the present case. Median age of included patients was 68 years. Two patients underwent neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery. Of the 14 cases, eight tumours with OGC arose in a cirrhotic liver. Oncological outcome in this series was unfavourable, even after surgical resection, with a median disease-free survival of 75 d. CONCLUSIONS The presence of OGC in HCC is rare. Current literature is scarce, and suggests an unfavourable outcome in regard to overall survival of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke H C Gielen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees H C Dejong
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan A W Bouwense
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Dewulf
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium
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38
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Devarbhavi H, Asrani SK, Arab JP, Nartey YA, Pose E, Kamath PS. Global burden of Liver Disease: 2023 Update. J Hepatol 2023:S0168-8278(23)00194-0. [PMID: 36990226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 308.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease accounts for 2 million deaths and is responsible for 4% of all deaths (1 out of every 25 deaths worldwide); approximately 2/3 of all liver related deaths occur in men. Deaths are largely attributable to complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, with acute hepatitis accounting for a smaller proportion of deaths. The most common causes of cirrhosis worldwide are related to viral hepatitis, alcohol, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatotropic viruses are the etiological factor in most cases of acute hepatitis, but drug-induced liver injury increasingly accounts for a significant proportion of cases. This iteration of the global burden of liver disease is an update of the 2019 version and focuses mainly on areas where significant new information is available like alcohol-associated liver disease, NAFLD, viral hepatitis, and HCC. We also devote a separate section to the burden of liver disease in Africa, an area of the world typically neglected in such documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Devarbhavi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumeet K Asrani
- Baylor University Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
| | - Patrick S Kamath
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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Šafčák D, Dražilová S, Gazda J, Andrašina I, Adamcová-Selčanová S, Barila R, Mego M, Rác M, Skladaný Ľ, Žigrai M, Janičko M, Jarčuška P. Alcoholic Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Characteristics and Comparison to General Slovak Hepatocellular Cancer Population. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3557-3570. [PMID: 36975484 PMCID: PMC10047624 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has multiple molecular classes that are associated with distinct etiologies and, besides particular molecular characteristics, that also differ in clinical aspects. We aim to characterize the clinical aspects of alcoholic liver disease-related HCC by a retrospective observational study that included all consequent patients diagnosed with MRI or histologically verified HCC in participating centers from 2010 to 2016. A total of 429 patients were included in the analysis, of which 412 patients (96%) had cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis. The most common etiologies were alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (48.3%), chronic hepatitis C (14.9%), NAFLD (12.6%), and chronic hepatitis B (10%). Patients with ALD-related HCC were more commonly males, more commonly had cirrhosis that was in more advanced stages, and had poorer performance status. Despite these results, no differences were observed in the overall (median 8.1 vs. 8.5 months) and progression-free survival (median 4.9 vs. 5.7 months). ALD-HCC patients within BCLC stage 0-A less frequently received potentially curative treatment as compared to the control HCC patients (62.2% vs. 87.5%, p = 0.017); and in patients with ALD-HCC liver function (MELD score) seemed to have a stronger influence on the prognosis compared to the control group HCC. Systemic inflammatory indexes were strongly associated with survival in the whole cohort. In conclusion, alcoholic liver disease is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in Slovakia, accounting for almost 50% of cases; and patients with ALD-related HCC more commonly had cirrhosis that was in more advanced stages and had poorer performance status, although no difference in survival between ALD-related and other etiology-related HCC was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Šafčák
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, East Slovakia Institute of Oncology, 04191 Košice, Slovakia
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Sylvia Dražilová
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Gazda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Igor Andrašina
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, East Slovakia Institute of Oncology, 04191 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Radovan Barila
- Oncological Cluster, Saint Michael Hospital Michalovce, 07101 Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Oncology Institute of Slovakia, 83310 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Nitra, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Skladaný
- Department of Internal Medicine, F.D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 97517 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Žigrai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Bratislava, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Janičko
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Jarčuška
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
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Kanwal F, Khaderi S, Singal AG, Marrero JA, Loo N, Asrani SK, Amos CI, Thrift AP, Gu X, Luster M, Al-Sarraj A, Ning J, El-Serag HB. Risk factors for HCC in contemporary cohorts of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2023; 77:997-1005. [PMID: 35229329 PMCID: PMC9433461 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Etiological risk factors for cirrhosis have changed in the last decade. It remains unclear to what extent these trends in cirrhosis risk factors have changed HCC risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used data from two contemporary, prospective multiethnic cohorts of patients with cirrhosis: the Texas Hepatocellular Carcinoma Consortium Cohort and the Houston Veterans Administration Cirrhosis Surveillance Cohort. Patients with cirrhosis were enrolled from seven US centers and followed until HCC diagnosis, transplant, death, or June 30, 2021. We calculated the annual incidence rates for HCC and examined the effects of etiology, demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors on the risk of HCC. We included 2733 patients with cirrhosis (mean age 60.1 years, 31.3% women). At enrollment, 19.0% had active HCV, 23.3% had cured HCV, 16.1% had alcoholic liver disease, and 30.1% had NAFLD. During 7406 person-years of follow-up, 135 patients developed HCC at an annual incidence rate of 1.82% (95% CI, 1.51-2.13). The annual HCC incidence rate was 1.71% in patients with cured HCV, 1.32% in patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 1.24% in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis. Compared to patients with NAFLD, the risk of progression to HCC was 2-fold higher in patients with cured HCV (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.24-3.35). Current smoking (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.63) and overweight/obesity (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.08-2.95) were also associated with HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS HCC incidence among patients with cirrhosis was lower than previously reported. HCC risk was variable across etiologies, with higher risk in patients with HCV cirrhosis and lower risk in those with NAFLD cirrhosis. Current smoking and overweight/obesity increased HCC risk across etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasiha Kanwal
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saira Khaderi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge A. Marrero
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Loo
- Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Christopher I. Amos
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangjun Gu
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Luster
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abeer Al-Sarraj
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Improved Trends in the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios for Liver Cancer in Countries with High Development Index and Health Expenditures. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020159. [PMID: 36673528 PMCID: PMC9859532 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Liver cancer has a unique geographical distribution, as its etiologies include chronic viral infections and aging. We hypothesize that the human development index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE-to-gross domestic product ratio (CHE/GDP) influence the incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) of liver cancer worldwide. Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) database and the World Health Organization. MIRs and the changes in MIR over time (δMIR) were used to evaluate the correlation of expenditures on healthcare and the HDI disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The crude incidence and mortality were significantly associated with HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP. Specifically, there were significant associations between δMIR and HDI, as well as between δMIR and CHE per capita. However, there were no significant associations between δMIR and CHE/GDP. Evidently, a favorable liver cancer δMIR was not associated with CHE/GDP, although it had a significant association with HDI and CHE per capita. These results are worthy of the attention of public health systems in correlation to improved outcomes in liver cancer.
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Scherübl H. [Tobacco smoking and cancer risk]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:27-32. [PMID: 36691379 DOI: 10.1055/a-1916-1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco is the most important and potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer in Germany. Combining tobacco with alcohol can multiply cancer risks. Up to 30 % of cancer deaths are due to tobacco smoking. 23,3 % of 18-64 year-old Germans are current smokers; in addition, 11 % of the population are regularly exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoking is causally associated with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, nose, paranasal sinus, lung, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, biliary, colorectal, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, uterine cervix and ovary cancers and leukemia. Smokers should be supported to stop smoking and join programmes of cancer screening. Smoking cessation effectively reduces tobacco-associated cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Scherübl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastroenterologie, GI Onkologie, Diabetologie und Infektiologie, Vivantes-Klinikum Am Urban, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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Ahmed M, Mäkinen VP, Lumsden A, Boyle T, Mulugeta A, Lee SH, Olver I, Hyppönen E. Metabolic profile predicts incident cancer: A large-scale population study in the UK Biobank. Metabolism 2023; 138:155342. [PMID: 36377121 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Analyses to predict the risk of cancer typically focus on single biomarkers, which do not capture their complex interrelations. We hypothesized that the use of metabolic profiles may provide new insights into cancer prediction. METHODS We used information from 290,888 UK Biobank participants aged 37 to 73 years at baseline. Metabolic subgroups were defined based on clustering of biochemical data using an artificial neural network approach and examined for their association with incident cancers identified through linkage to cancer registry. In addition, we evaluated associations between 38 individual biomarkers and cancer risk. RESULTS In total, 21,973 individuals developed cancer during the follow-up (median 3.87 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 2.03-5.58). Compared to the metabolically favorable subgroup (IV), subgroup III (defined as "high BMI, C-reactive protein & cystatin C") was associated with a higher risk of obesity-related cancers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95 % CI = 1.21 to 1.32) and hematologic-malignancies (e.g., lymphoid leukemia: HR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.44 to 2.33). Subgroup II ("high triglycerides & liver enzymes") was strongly associated with liver cancer risk (HR = 5.70, 95%CI = 3.57 to 9.11). Analysis of individual biomarkers showed a positive association between testosterone and greater risks of hormone-sensitive cancers (HR per SD higher = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.23 to 1.44), and liver cancer (HR = 2.49, 95%CI =1.47 to 4.24). Many liver tests were individually associated with a greater risk of liver cancer with the strongest association observed for gamma-glutamyl transferase (HR = 2.40, 95%CI = 2.19 to 2.65). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic profile in middle-to-older age can predict cancer incidence, in particular risk of obesity-related cancer, hematologic malignancies, and liver cancer. Elevated values from liver tests are strong predictors for later risk of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktar Ahmed
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University Institute of Health, Jimma, Ethiopia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Computational Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda Lumsden
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anwar Mulugeta
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sang Hong Lee
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Olver
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Mumtaz H, Hameed M, Sangah AB, Zubair A, Hasan M. Association between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Southeast Asia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1008878. [PMID: 36582387 PMCID: PMC9793992 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1008878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 8 million people die each year from tobacco smoking, with an increasing frequency recently being observed in Southeast Asian countries, which is a preventable risk factor for mortality. NAFLD, fibrosis, advancement of hepatocellular carcinoma, and prognosis for those with severe liver disease are all negatively influenced. NAFLD and cigarette usage seem to be a direct link. Oxidative stress and oncogenic signals have been implicated in cancer development in animal models and human clinical trials. The elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and malignancies in those with steatohepatitis and those who have had liver transplants is exacerbated by smoking. We found that smoking cessation may increase treatment response and fibrosis regression rates, decrease hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, and improve liver transplant outcomes. In the last segment, we'll look at electronic cigarettes, a hot subject in public health right now, as well as additional repercussions of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mumtaz
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Hassan Mumtaz
| | - Madiha Hameed
- Department of Medicine, AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit Sangah
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amraha Zubair
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Hasan
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
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Allaire M, Bruix J, Korenjak M, Manes S, Maravic Z, Reeves H, Salem R, Sangro B, Sherman M. What to do about hepatocellular carcinoma: Recommendations for health authorities from the International Liver Cancer Association. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100578. [PMID: 36352896 PMCID: PMC9638834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health problem worldwide for which the incidence and mortality are similar, pointing to the lack of effective treatment options. Knowing the different issues involved in the management of HCC, from risk factors to screening and management, is essential to improve the prognosis and quality of life of affected individuals. This document summarises the current state of knowledge and the unmet needs for all the different stakeholders in the care of liver cancer, meaning patients, relatives, physicians, regulatory agencies and health authorities so that optimal care can be delivered to patients. The document was commissioned by the International Liver Cancer Association and was reviewed by senior members, including two ex-presidents of the Association. This document lays out the recommended approaches to the societal management of HCC based on the economic status of a given region.
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Key Words
- AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Disease
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APRI, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index
- Alcohol consumption
- BCLC, Barcelona clinic liver cancer
- DCP, des-gammacarboxy prothrombin
- DEB-TACE, TACE with drug-eluting beads
- EASL, European Association for the study of the Liver
- EBRT, external beam radiation therapy
- ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis
- GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance
- Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
- Li-RADS, Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Obesity
- RFA, radiofrequency ablation
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolisation
- TARE, transarterial radioembolisation
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Viral hepatitis
- cTACE, conventional TACE
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Allaire
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie, Paris, France
| | - Jordi Bruix
- University Hospital Clinic IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marko Korenjak
- European Liver Patients' Association (ELPA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Manes
- Global Liver Institute Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Helen Reeves
- The Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Riad Salem
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver Unit and HPB Oncology Area, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Spain
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Pinazo-Bandera JM, García-Cortés M, Segovia-Zafra A, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ. Recreational Drugs and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5395. [PMID: 36358813 PMCID: PMC9657889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recreational or aesthetic drug use is a distinctive behavior of humans, principally attested in the last century. It is known that recreational and illegal drugs are major contributors to the universal morbidity rate worldwide. Many of these substances have a well-established hepatotoxic potential, causing acute or chronic liver injury, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, but their implications for hepatocellular carcinoma or other varieties of liver tumors are little known. In this article, we perform an extensive literature review, aiming to provide updated information about recreational drug use and the risk of developing liver tumors. Khat use and pyrrolizidine alkaloid consumption (present in some natural plants) have been linked to liver cirrhosis. Kava intake is associated with different liver tumors in animal models but not in humans. Cannabis' potential to accelerate liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis is controversial according to the existing data. Cigarette smoking is an important contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma, and anabolic androgen steroids are well-defined causes of a variety of liver cancers and other hepatic tumors. Long-term follow-up studies of subjects who have developed injuries in association with the use of recreational drugs are warranted so as to better define the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in association with these substances and, thus, to implement health care policies to combat this preventable cause of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Pinazo-Bandera
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miren García-Cortés
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédico en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédico en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Madrid, Spain
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Isabel Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédico en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Madrid, Spain
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédico en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Madrid, Spain
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Chen B, Gao LY, Ma ZH, Chang H, Pei LJ, Zhou Q, Xing WG. The signal-to-cutoff ratios to predict HCV infection among people who inject drugs. Virusdisease 2022; 33:363-370. [PMID: 36278030 PMCID: PMC9579682 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
People who inject drugs (PWIDs) are primarily the high-risk population for HCV infection. This study aims to determine the optimal cut-off values for predicting HCV infection status based on the Signal-to-Cutoff (S/CO) ratio. In this study, a total of 719 PWIDs’ samples were collected, and performed for screening test by ELISA assay, and followed by RIBA assay and NAT assay to detect HCV antibody and HCV RNA levels, respectively. The findings revealed that the prevalence of HCV infection among PWIDs was 54.66% (393/719), and the false-positive rate of HCV antibody detection by ELISA assay among PWIDs was only 3.85% (16/416). In addition, when the optimal cut-off value for S/CO ratio was 2.0, the sensitivity and specificity of HCV antibody were 100.00% and 93.55%, respectively. And when the optimal cut-off value for S/CO ratio was 21.36, the sensitivity and specificity of HCV RNA positive were 89.90% and 72.73%, respectively. In conclusion, the status of HCV infection can be predicted based on the S/CO ratios of the ELISA assay, which can improve diagnosis and facilitate timely treatment to effectively prevent the spread of HCV infection.
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Shetty VV, Kellarai A. Comprehensive Review of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India: Current Challenges and Future Directions. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2200118. [PMID: 36198133 PMCID: PMC9812497 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is not much information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India. Here, we review the existing data, available treatment choices, and future directions in HCC management. An extensive search was conducted through PubMed and MEDLINE for studies published between January 2000 and June 2022 on the epidemiology of HCC in India using the following key words: atezolizumab, BCLC staging, hepatocellular carcinoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, and programmed cell death ligand-1, with the filters humans and English language. The most frequent risk factors for the development of HCC in India include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, liver cirrhosis, and alcohol intake. On the basis of new findings, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging Criteria need to be revised. As most cases in India are discovered at a later stage, curative treatments such as surgical resection, ablation, or liver transplantation may not be an option. Clinical trials are underway for a number of immune checkpoint drugs that target cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 and programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1. In India, phase III trials of atezolizumab in combination with other drugs are underway for the treatment of various malignancies. Renin angiotensin system inhibitors, antivirals, primary hepatocyte transplantation, and bioartificial liver devices are among the future options for the management of HCC. In developing countries like India, HCC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage because of a delay in routine testing or screening. Therefore, developing effective treatment regimens for such stages is critical. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment option that has the potential to increase overall response and survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijith Vittal Shetty
- K.S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India,Vijith Vittal Shetty, MD, DM, Medical Oncology, K.S Hegde Medical Academy, University Rd, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka 575018, India; e-mail:
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Zakirova NF, Kondrashova AS, Golikov MV, Ivanova ON, Ivanov AV, Isaguliants MG, Bayurova EO. Expression of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in Murine Cancer Cells Increases Mitochondrial Respiration. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mortality burden due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Ghana; prevalence of risk factors and predictors of poor in-hospital survival. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274544. [PMID: 36099308 PMCID: PMC9469955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-related diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are significant causes of mortality globally. Specific causes and predictors of liver-related mortality in low resource settings require assessment to help inform clinical decision making and develop strategies for improved survival. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of liver-related deaths associated with liver cirrhosis, HCC, and their known risk factors, and secondly to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality among cirrhosis and HCC patients in Ghana. We first performed a cross-sectional review of death register entries from 11 referral hospitals in Ghana to determine the proportion of liver-related deaths and the proportion of risk factors associated with these deaths. Secondly, we conducted a retrospective cohort review of 172 in-patient liver cirrhosis and HCC cases admitted to a tertiary referral centre and determined predictors of in-hospital mortality using binary logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In total, 8.8% of deaths in Ghanaian adults were due to liver-related causes. The proportion of liver-related deaths attributed to HBV infection was 48.8% (95% CI: 45.95–51.76), HCV infection was 7.0% (95% CI: 5.58–8.45), HBV-HCV co-infection 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1–0.9) and alcohol was 10.0% (95% CI: 8.30–11.67). Of 172 cases of HCC and liver cirrhosis, the in-patient mortality rate was 54.1%. Predictors of in-patient mortality in cirrhotic patients were increasing WBC (OR = 1.14 95% CI: 1.00–1.30) and the revised model for end-stage liver disease with sodium (MELD-Na) score (OR = 1.24 95% CI: 1.01–1.54). For HCC patients, female sex (OR = 3.74 95% CI: 1.09–12.81) and hepatic encephalopathy (grade 1) were associated with higher mortality (OR = 5.66 95% CI: 1.10–29.2). In conclusion, HBV is linked to a high proportion of HCC-related deaths in Ghana, with high in-hospital mortality rates that require targeted policies to improve survival.
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