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Koerner S, Staginnus M, Cornwell H, Smaragdi A, González-Madruga K, Pauli R, Rogers JC, Gao Y, Chester S, Townend S, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Raschle NM, Konrad K, Stadler C, Freitag CM, De Brito SA, Fairchild G. Does the Relationship between Age and Brain Structure Differ in Youth with Conduct Disorder? Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1135-1146. [PMID: 38557727 PMCID: PMC11217071 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is characterised by persistent antisocial and aggressive behaviour and typically emerges in childhood or adolescence. Although several authors have proposed that CD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, very little evidence is available about brain development in this condition. Structural brain alterations have been observed in CD, and some indirect evidence for delayed brain maturation has been reported. However, no detailed analysis of age-related changes in brain structure in youth with CD has been conducted. Using cross-sectional MRI data, this study aimed to explore differences in brain maturation in youth with CD versus healthy controls to provide further understanding of the neurodevelopmental processes underlying CD. 291 CD cases (153 males) and 379 healthy controls (160 males) aged 9-18 years (Mage = 14.4) were selected from the European multisite FemNAT-CD study. Structural MRI scans were analysed using surface-based morphometry followed by application of the ENIGMA quality control protocols. An atlas-based approach was used to investigate group differences and test for group-by-age and group-by-age-by-sex interactions in cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes. Relative to healthy controls, the CD group showed lower surface area across frontal, temporal and parietal regions as well as lower total surface area. No significant group-by-age or group-by-age-by-sex interactions were observed on any brain structure measure. These findings suggest that CD is associated with lower surface area across multiple cortical regions, but do not support the idea that CD is associated with delayed brain maturation, at least within the age bracket considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koerner
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Pauli
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack C Rogers
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yidian Gao
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sally Chester
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Anka Bernhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- School of Psychology, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA- Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Jiang Y, Gao Y, Dong D, Sun X, Situ W, Yao S. Brain Anatomy in Boys with Conduct Disorder: Differences Among Aggression Subtypes. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:3-13. [PMID: 35704134 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aggression is a core feature of conduct disorder (CD), but the motivation, execution of aggression may vary. A deeper understanding of the neural substrates of aggressive behaviours is critical for effective clinical intervention. Seventy-six Boys with CD (50 with impulsive aggression (I-CD) and 26 with premeditated aggression (P-CD)) and 69 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a structural MRI scan and behavioural assessments. Whole-brain analyses revealed that, compared to HCs, the I-CD group showed significant cortical thinning in the right frontal cortex, while the P-CD group demonstrated significant folding deficits in the bilateral superior parietal cortex. Both types of aggression negatively correlated with the left amygdala volume, albeit in different ways. The present results demonstrated that the complex nature of aggression relies on differentiated anatomical substrates, highlighting the importance of exploring differential circuit-targeted interventions for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jiang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139, Middle Renmin Road, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidian Gao
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Situ
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139, Middle Renmin Road, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center on Psychiatry and Psychology, Changsha, China.
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Zhang R, Blair RJR, Blair KS, Dobbertin M, Elowsky J, Bashford-Largo J, Dominguez AJ, Hatch M, Bajaj S. Reduced grey matter volume in adolescents with conduct disorder: a region-of-interest analysis using multivariate generalized linear modeling. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:25. [PMID: 37975932 PMCID: PMC10656392 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduct disorder (CD) involves a group of behavioral and emotional problems that usually begins during childhood or adolescence. Structural brain alterations have been observed in CD, including the amygdala, insula, ventrolateral and medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and fusiform gyrus. The current study developed a multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) to differentiate adolescents with CD from typically developing (TD) adolescents in terms of grey matter volume (GMV). METHODS The whole-brain structural MRI data were collected from 96 adolescents with CD (mean age = [Formula: see text] years; mean IQ = [Formula: see text]; 63 males) and 90 TD individuals (mean age = [Formula: see text] years; mean IQ = [Formula: see text]; 59 males) matched on age, IQ, and sex. Region-wise GMV was extracted following whole-brain parcellation into 68 cortical and 14 subcortical regions for each participant. A multivariate GLM was developed to predict the GMV of the pre-hypothesized regions-of-interest (ROIs) based on CD diagnosis, with intracranial volume, age, sex, and IQ serving as the covariate. RESULTS A diagnosis of CD was a significant predictor for GMV in the right pars orbitalis, right insula, right superior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and left amygdala (F(1, 180) = 5.460-10.317, p < 0.05, partial eta squared = 0.029-0.054). The CD participants had smaller GMV in these regions than the TD participants (MCD-MTD = [- 614.898] mm3-[- 53.461] mm3). CONCLUSIONS Altered GMV within specific regions may serve as a biomarker for the development of CD in adolescents. Clinical work can potentially target these biomarkers to treat adolescents with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - R James R Blair
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina S Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Matthew Dobbertin
- Inpatient Psychiatric Care Unit, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jaimie Elowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Ahria J Dominguez
- Clinical Health, Emotion, and Neuroscience (CHEN) Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melissa Hatch
- Mind and Brain Health Labs (MBHL), Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sahil Bajaj
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhang R, Blair RJR, Blair KS, Dobbertin M, Elowsky J, Bashford-Largo J, Dominguez AJ, Hatch M, Bajaj S. Reduced Grey Matter Volume in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: A Region-of-Interest Analysis Using Multivariate Generalized Linear Modeling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3425545. [PMID: 37961148 PMCID: PMC10635381 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3425545/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Conduct disorder (CD) involves a group of behavioral and emotional problems that usually begins during childhood or adolescence. Structural brain alterations have been observed in CD, including the amygdala, insula, ventrolateral and medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and fusiform gyrus. The current study developed a multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) to differentiate adolescents with CD from typically developing (TD) adolescents in terms of grey matter volume (GMV). Methods The whole-brain structural MRI data were collected from 96 adolescents with CD (mean age = years; mean IQ = ; 63 males) and 90 TD individuals (mean age = years; mean IQ = ; 59 males) matched on age, IQ, and sex. Region-wise GMV was extracted following whole-brain parcellation into 68 cortical and 14 subcortical regions for each participant. A multivariate GLM was developed to predict the GMV of the pre-hypothesized regions-of-interest (ROIs) based on CD diagnosis, with intracranial volume, age, sex, and IQ serving as the covariate. Results A diagnosis of CD was a significant predictor for GMV in the right pars orbitalis, right insula, right superior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and left amygdala (F(1, 180) = 5.460 - 10.317, p < 0.05, partial eta squared = 0.029 - 0.054). The CD participants had smaller GMV in these regions than the TD participants (MCD - MTD = [-614.898] mm3 - [-53.461] mm3). Conclusions Altered GMV within specific regions may serve as a biomarker for the development of CD in adolescents. Clinical work can potentially target these biomarkers to treat adolescents with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- University of Southern California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sahil Bajaj
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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Abdolalizadeh A, Moradi K, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Mirfazeli FS, Rajimehr R. Larger left hippocampal presubiculum is associated with lower risk of antisocial behavior in healthy adults with childhood conduct history. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6148. [PMID: 37061611 PMCID: PMC10105780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conduct Disorder (CD) is defined as aggressive, antisocial, and rule-breaking behavior during childhood. It is a major risk factor for developing antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in adulthood. However, nearly half the CDs do not develop ASPD. Identification of reversion factors seems crucial for proper interventions. We identified 40 subjects with childhood history of CD (CC) and 1166 control subjects (HC) from Human Connectome Project. Their psychiatric, emotional, impulsivity, and personality traits were extracted. An emotion recognition task-fMRI analysis was done. We also did subregion analysis of hippocampus and amygdala in 35 CC and 69 demographically matched HCs. CC subjects scored significantly higher in antisocial-related evaluations. No differences in task-fMRI activation of amygdala and hippocampus were observed. CCs had larger subfields of the left hippocampus: presubiculum, CA3, CA4, and dentate gyrus. Further, an interaction model revealed a significant presubiculum volume × group association with antisocial, aggression, and agreeableness scores. Our study shows that healthy young adults with a prior history of CD still exhibit some forms of antisocial-like behavior with larger left hippocampal subfields, including presubiculum that also explains the variability in antisocial behavior. These larger left hippocampal subfield volumes may play a protective role against CD to ASPD conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirHussein Abdolalizadeh
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Moradi
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirfazeli
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Rajimehr
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wolfs EML, Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. Cerebellar Grey Matter Volumes in Reactive Aggression and Impulsivity in Healthy Volunteers. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:223-233. [PMID: 35247193 PMCID: PMC9985584 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point towards the involvement of the cerebellum in reactive aggression. In addition to the posterior cerebellar hemisphere, the vermis has been suggested to play a prominent role in impulse regulation. In the present study, we set out to further examine the relationships between cerebellar grey matter volumes, aggression, and impulsivity in 201 healthy volunteers. 3 T structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired to investigate grey matter volumes of the cerebellar vermis and the anterior and posterior lobules. Aggression was assessed with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Results showed that impulsivity was positively associated with grey matter volumes of the cerebellar vermis and inversely correlated with grey matter volumes of the right posterior lobule. In addition, smaller volumes of the right posterior lobules were associated with higher physical aggression. Exploratory analyses indicated that for the right hemisphere, this association was driven by grey matter volumes of lobules VIIb and VIIIa. Our findings provide correlational evidence in healthy volunteers for the involvement of the cerebellar vermis and posterior lobules in a cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elze M L Wolfs
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jana Klaus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Lu F, Guo Y, Luo W, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Chen J, Cai X, Shen C, Wang X, He J, Yang G, Gao Q, He Z, Zhou J. Disrupted functional networks within white-matter served as neural features in adolescent patients with conduct disorder. Behav Brain Res 2023; 447:114422. [PMID: 37030546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduct disorder (CD) has been conceptualized as a psychiatric disorder associated with white-matter (WM) structural abnormalities. Although diffusion tensor imaging could identify WM structural architecture changes, it cannot characterize functional connectivity (FC) within WM. Few studies have focused on disentangling the WM dysfunctions in CD patients by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS The resting-state fMRI data were first obtained from both adolescent CD and typically developing (TD) controls. A voxel-based clustering analysis was utilized to identify the large-scale WM FC networks. Then, we examined the disrupted WM network features in CD, and further investigated whether these features could predict the impulsive symptoms in CD using support vector regression prediction model. RESULTS We identified 11 WM functional networks. Compared with TDs, CD patients showed increased FCs between occipital network (ON) and superior temporal network (STN), between orbitofrontal network (OFN) and corona radiate network (CRN), as well as between deep network and CRN. Further, the disrupted FCs between ON and STN and between OFN and CRN were significantly negatively associated with non-planning impulsivity scores in CD. Moreover, the disrupted WM networks could be served as features to predict the motor impulsivity scores in CD. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided further support on the existence of WM functional networks and could extended our knowledge about the WM functional abnormalities related with emotional and perception processing in CD patients from the view of WM dysfunction.
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Jiang Y, Gao Y, Dong D, Sun X, Situ W, Yao S. Structural abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorder and high versus low callous unemotional traits. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:193-203. [PMID: 34635947 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There may be distinct conduct disorder (CD) etiologies and neural morphologies in adolescents with high callous unemotional (CU) traits versus low CU traits. Here, we employed surface-based morphometry methods to investigate morphological differences in adolescents diagnosed with CD [42 with high CU traits (CD-HCU) and 40 with low CU traits (CD-LCU)] and healthy controls (HCs, N = 115) in China. Whole-brain analyses revealed significantly increased cortical surface area (SA) in the left inferior temporal cortex and the right precuneus, but decreased SA in the left superior temporal cortex in the CD-LCU group, compared with the HC group. There were no significant cortical SA differences between the CD-HCU and the HC groups. Compared to the CD-HCU group, the CD-LCU group had a greater cortical thickness (CT) in the left rostral middle frontal cortex. Region-of-interest analyses revealed significant group differences in the right hippocampus, with CD-HCU group having lower right hippocampal volumes than HCs. We did not detect significant group differences in the amygdalar volume, however, the right amygdalar volume was found to be a significant moderator of the correlation between CU traits and the proactive aggression in CD patients. The present results suggested that the manifestations of CD differ between those with high CU traits versus low CU traits, and underscore the importance of sample characteristics in understanding the neural substrates of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidian Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Situ
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center on Psychiatry and Psychology, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Jarvers I, Kandsperger S, Schleicher D, Ando A, Resch F, Koenig J, Kaess M, Brunner R. The relationship between adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms and brain development over a period of three years. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103195. [PMID: 36137498 PMCID: PMC9668616 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a crucial period for both brain maturation and the emergence of mental health disorders. Associations between brain morphology and internalizing/externalizing symptomatology have been identified in clinical or at-risk samples, but age-related developmental differences were rarely considered. The current study investigated the longitudinal relationship between internalizing/externalizing symptoms and brain development in the absence of psychiatric disorders during early and late adolescence. METHODS 98 healthy adolescents within two cohorts (younger: 9 years, older: 12 years) participated in annual assessments for three years; a clinical assessment measuring their externalizing and internalizing symptoms (SDQ) and an MRI assessment measuring their brain volume and white matter microstructure, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and average path length. RESULTS Linear mixed effect models and cross-lagged panel models showed that larger subcortical gray matter volume predicted more externalizing symptoms in older adolescents whereas decreases of subcortical gray matter volume predicted more externalizing symptoms for younger adolescents. Additionally, longer average white matter path length predicted more externalizing symptoms for older adolescents, while decreases in cerebral white matter volume were predictive of more externalizing symptoms for younger adolescents. There were no predictive effects for internalizing symptoms, FA or MD. CONCLUSIONS Delays in subcortical brain maturation, in both early and late adolescence, are associated with increases in externalizing behavior which indicates a higher risk for psychopathology and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Jarvers
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany,Corresponding author at: Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kandsperger
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schleicher
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayaka Ando
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Backhausen LL, Herting MM, Tamnes CK, Vetter NC. Best Practices in Structural Neuroimaging of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 2022; 32:400-418. [PMID: 33893904 PMCID: PMC9090677 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) offers immense potential for increasing our understanding of how anatomical brain development relates to clinical symptoms and functioning in neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical developmental sMRI may help identify neurobiological risk factors or markers that may ultimately assist in diagnosis and treatment. However, researchers and clinicians aiming to conduct sMRI studies of neurodevelopmental disorders face several methodological challenges. This review offers hands-on guidelines for clinical developmental sMRI. First, we present brain morphometry metrics and review evidence on typical developmental trajectories throughout adolescence, together with atypical trajectories in selected neurodevelopmental disorders. Next, we discuss challenges and good scientific practices in study design, image acquisition and analysis, and recent options to implement quality control. Finally, we discuss choices related to statistical analysis and interpretation of results. We call for greater completeness and transparency in the reporting of methods to advance understanding of structural brain alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea L. Backhausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora C. Vetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Joseph JJ, Mela M, Pei J. Aggressive behaviour and violence in children and adolescents with FASD: A synthesizing review. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 94:102155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Schutter DJLG. The Cerebellum and Disorders of Emotion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:273-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Blok E, Geenjaar EPT, Geenjaar EAW, Calhoun VD, White T. Neurodevelopmental Trajectories in Children With Internalizing, Externalizing and Emotion Dysregulation Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846201. [PMID: 35370828 PMCID: PMC8974911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for brain and behavioral development. However, it is not yet clear how and when deviations from typical brain development are related to broad domains of psychopathology. METHODS Using three waves of neuroimaging data within the population-based Generation R Study sample, spanning a total age range of 6-16 years, we applied normative modeling to establish typical development curves for (sub-)cortical volume in 37 brain regions, and cortical thickness in 32 brain regions. Z-scores representing deviations from typical development were extracted and related to internalizing, externalizing and dysregulation profile (DP) symptoms. RESULTS Normative modeling showed regional differences in developmental trajectories. Psychopathology symptoms were related to negative deviations from typical development for cortical volume in widespread regions of the cortex and subcortex, and to positive deviations from typical development for cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal, frontal pole, pericalcarine and posterior cingulate regions of the cortex. DISCUSSION Taken together, this study charts developmental curves across the cerebrum for (sub-)cortical volume and cortical thickness. Our findings show that psychopathology symptoms, are associated with widespread differences in brain development, in which those with DP symptoms are most heavily affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eloy P T Geenjaar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eloïse A W Geenjaar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Menon SS, Krishnamurthy K. Multimodal Ensemble Deep Learning to Predict Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:742807. [PMID: 34899225 PMCID: PMC8652047 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.742807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, collectively referred to as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), are prevalent psychiatric disorders in children. Early diagnosis of DBDs is crucial because they can increase the risks of other mental health and substance use disorders without appropriate psychosocial interventions and treatment. However, diagnosing DBDs is challenging as they are often comorbid with other disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. In this study, a multimodal ensemble three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) deep learning model was used to classify children with DBDs and typically developing children. The study participants included 419 females and 681 males, aged 108–131 months who were enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Children were grouped based on the presence of DBDs (n = 550) and typically developing (n = 550); assessments were based on the scores from the Child Behavior Checklist and on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-Present and Lifetime version for DSM-5. The diffusion, structural, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were used as input data to the 3D CNN. The model achieved 72% accuracy in classifying children with DBDs with 70% sensitivity, 72% specificity, and an F1-score of 70. In addition, the discriminative power of the classifier was investigated by identifying the cortical and subcortical regions primarily involved in the prediction of DBDs using a gradient-weighted class activation mapping method. The classification results were compared with those obtained using the three neuroimaging modalities individually, and a connectome-based graph CNN and a multi-scale recurrent neural network using only the rs-fMRI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevalsan S Menon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - K Krishnamurthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
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15
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Carlisi CO, Moffitt TE, Knodt AR, Harrington H, Langevin S, Ireland D, Melzer TR, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Caspi A, Hariri AR, Viding E. Association of subcortical gray-matter volumes with life-course-persistent antisocial behavior in a population-representative longitudinal birth cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-11. [PMID: 34657646 PMCID: PMC7613992 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological evidence supports the developmental taxonomy theory of antisocial behavior, suggesting that abnormal brain development distinguishes life-course-persistent from adolescence-limited antisocial behavior. Recent neuroimaging work confirmed that prospectively-measured life-course-persistent antisocial behavior is associated with differences in cortical brain structure. Whether this extends to subcortical brain structures remains uninvestigated. This study compared subcortical gray-matter volumes between 672 members of the Dunedin Study previously defined as exhibiting life-course-persistent, adolescence-limited or low-level antisocial behavior based on repeated assessments at ages 7-26 years. Gray-matter volumes of 10 subcortical structures were compared across groups. The life-course-persistent group had lower volumes of amygdala, brain stem, cerebellum, hippocampus, pallidum, thalamus, and ventral diencephalon compared to the low-antisocial group. Differences between life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited individuals were comparable in effect size to differences between life-course-persistent and low-antisocial individuals, but were not statistically significant due to less statistical power. Gray-matter volumes in adolescence-limited individuals were near the norm in this population-representative cohort and similar to volumes in low-antisocial individuals. Although this study could not establish causal links between brain volume and antisocial behavior, it constitutes new biological evidence that all people with antisocial behavior are not the same, supporting a need for greater developmental and diagnostic precision in clinical, forensic, and policy-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina O Carlisi
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Langevin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Ireland
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tracy R Melzer
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearo Centre of Research Excellence, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Ryan NP, Catroppa C, Hughes N, Painter FL, Hearps S, Beauchamp MH, Anderson VA. Executive function mediates the prospective association between neurostructural differences within the central executive network and anti-social behavior after childhood traumatic brain injury. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1150-1161. [PMID: 33624844 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing evidence of a link between early life brain injury and anti-social behavior, very few studies have assessed factors that explain this association in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). One hypothesis suggests that childhood TBI elevates risk for anti-social behavior via disruption to anatomically distributed neural networks implicated in executive functioning (EF). In this longitudinal prospective study, we employed high-resolution structural neuroimaging to (a) evaluate the impact of childhood TBI on regional morphometry of the central executive network (CEN) and (b) evaluate the prediction that lower EF mediates the prospective relationship between structural differences within the CEN and postinjury anti-social behaviors. METHODS This study involved 155 children, including 112 consecutively recruited, hospital-confirmed cases of mild-severe TBI and 43 typically developing control (TDC) children. T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were acquired sub-acutely in a subset of 137 children [TBI: n = 103; TDC: n = 34]. All participants were evaluated using direct assessment of EF 6 months postinjury, and parents provided ratings of anti-social behavior 12 months postinjury. RESULTS Severe TBI was associated with postinjury volumetric differences within the CEN and its putative hub regions. When compared with TD controls, the TBI group had significantly worse EF, which was associated with more frequent anti-social behaviors and abnormal CEN morphometry. Mediation analysis indicated that reduced EF mediated the prospective association between postinjury volumetric differences within the CEN and more frequent anti-social behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal prospective findings suggest that detection of neurostructural abnormalities within the CEN may aid in the early identification of children at elevated risk for postinjury executive dysfunction, which may in turn contribute to chronic anti-social behaviors after early life brain injury. Findings underscore the potential value of early surveillance and preventive measures for children presenting with neurostructural and/or neurocognitive risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Ryan
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Cathy Catroppa
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Nathan Hughes
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Stephen Hearps
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vicki A Anderson
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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17
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Lu F, Wang M, Xu S, Chen H, Yuan Z, Luo L, Wang X, Zhang J, Dai J, Wang X, Chen H, Zhou J. Decreased interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in male adolescents with conduct disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1201-1210. [PMID: 32623563 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a common psychiatric disorder defined by a repetitive and persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Although numerous task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies have emphasized the disrupted functional connectivity in CD, the CD-related alterations in functional interactions between the bilateral cerebral hemispheres are rarely investigated directly. In this study, a voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method based on rsfMRI was employed for the first time to examine the abnormalities of interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with CD. The VMHC was compared between eighteen pure CD patients and eighteen typically developing (TD) healthy controls. In CD patients, reduced homotopic connectivity was observed relative to TDs in the middle occipital gyrus (MOG), pre- and postcentral gyrus, rolandic operculum and paracentral lobe (PCL) which were the components of visual and motor networks. Furthermore, the VMHC of the MOG and PCL was found to be negatively correlated with clinical scores in the CD group. Moreover, the regions with altered VMHC exhibited a relative good and robust ability to discriminate CD patients from TDs. This study provided a novel angle to identify the important role of interhemispheric coordination in the pathophysiology underlying CD and further indicated that the aberrant homotopic connectivity could be a potential clinical neural marker for CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shiyang Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Heng Chen
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lizhu Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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18
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Lu F, Zhao Y, He Z, Ma X, Yao X, Liu P, Wang X, Yang G, Zhou J. Altered dynamic regional homogeneity in patients with conduct disorder. Neuropsychologia 2021; 157:107865. [PMID: 33894243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by severe aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Prior neuroimaging work reported that CD is associated with abnormal resting-state local intrinsic brain activity (IBA). However, few studies detected the time-varying brain activity patterns in CD. In this study, eighteen adolescent patients with CD and 18 typically developing controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. We then compared the dynamic characteristics of IBA by calculating the dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) through a sliding-window approach between the two groups, and the correlations between the dReHo variability and clinical symptoms in CD were further examined. Moreover, the statistical between-group differences in dReHo were selected as classification features to help distinguish CD patients from controls by adopting a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier. CD patients showed increased dReHo variability in the left precuneus, right postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left middle cingulate gyrus, and left paracentral lobule compared to controls, and dReHo variability in the left precuneus was significantly positively associated with impulsiveness scores in CD patients. Importantly, SVM combined with the leave-one-out cross-validation method results demonstrated that 75% (p < 0.001) subjects were correctly classified with sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 89%. Our results provided the initial evidence that CD is characterized by abnormal dynamic IBA patterns, giving novel insights into the neuropathological mechanisms of CD. Further, our findings exhibited that the dReHo variability may distinguish CD patients from controls with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zongling He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xujing Ma
- Department of Medical Technology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, 061001, PR China
| | - Xudong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Peiqu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guocheng Yang
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Chengdu University of Technology, China.
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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19
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Structural Brain Development and Aggression: A Longitudinal Study in Late Childhood. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:401-411. [PMID: 33604813 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the neurodevelopmental correlates of aggression in children, focusing on structural brain properties. A community sample of 110 (60 females) children participated at age 8 years and again at age 10 years. Brain structure was assessed by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and parents reported on child aggression using the Child Behavior Checklist. Analyses examined the relationship between aggression and development of volume of subcortical regions, cortical thickness, and subcortical-cortical structural coupling. Females with relatively high aggression exhibited reduced right hippocampal growth over time. Across males and females, aggression was associated with amygdala- and hippocampal-cortical developmental coupling, with findings for amygdala-cortical coupling potentially indicating reduced top-down prefrontal control of the amygdala in those with increasing aggression over time. Findings suggest that aggressive behaviors may be associated with alterations in normative brain development; however, results were not corrected for multiple comparisons and should be interpreted with caution.
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20
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Ibrahim K, Kalvin C, Li F, He G, Pelphrey KA, McCarthy G, Sukhodolsky DG. Sex differences in medial prefrontal and parietal cortex structure in children with disruptive behavior. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 47:100884. [PMID: 33254067 PMCID: PMC7704291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in brain structure in children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) remain poorly understood. This study examined sex differences in gray matter volume in children with DBD in a priori regions-of-interest implicated in the pathophysiology of disruptive behavior. We then conducted a whole-brain analysis of cortical thickness to examine sex differences in regions not included in our hypothesis. Exploratory analyses investigated unique associations between structure, and dimensional measures of severity of disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits. This cross-sectional study included 88 children with DBD (30 females) aged 8-16 years and 50 healthy controls (20 females). Structural MRI data were analyzed using surface-based morphometry to test for interactions between sex and group. Multiple-regression analyses tested for sex-specific associations between structure, callous-unemotional traits, and disruptive behavior severity. Boys with DBD showed reduced gray matter volume in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and reduced cortical thickness in the supramarginal gyrus, but not girls compared to respective controls. Dimensional analyses revealed associations between sex, callous-unemotional traits, and disruptive behavior for amygdala and vmPFC volume, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex cortical thickness. Sex-specific differences in prefrontal structures involved in emotion regulation may support identification of neural biomarkers of disruptive behavior to inform target-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ibrahim
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States.
| | - Carla Kalvin
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale University School of Medicine, Center for Analytical Sciences, United States
| | - George He
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, United States
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21
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Seleem MA, El-Shafey R, Shahin LT, Abdel-Aziz LE, Elkonaisy NM, Marey YK, Rizkallah M, Baghdadi M. Volumetric brain abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorder with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a case control study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Conduct disorder (CD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder in youth with heterogeneous presentations and hazardous outcomes on family and society. Identifying potential biological markers may help in better understanding and management of the problem. This work aims to explore the potential volumetric brain abnormalities in an Arab-Egyptian sample of conduct disordered youth with and without comorbid ADHD. A total of 27 subjects with conduct disorder, 14 of which also fulfilled the criteria of ADHD, in addition to twenty healthy subjects were recruited. A validated Arabic version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents “M.I.N.I-Kid” was carried out. MRI acquisition was performed on 1.5 T Toshiba MRI scanner. Cortical reconstruction and automatic volumetric segmentation were performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite.
Results
Youth with CD, with and without ADHD, showed significantly lower cortical thicknesses and smaller subcortical volumes in most of the hemispheric areas. When the two patient groups were compared, youth with CD + ADHD had significantly greater cortical thicknesses but smaller subcortical volumes as compared to youth with CD only.
Conclusions
Conduct disorder, comorbid with ADHD, might prove to be a distinct phenotypic entity with different biological substrates, and hence different needed management, from CD without comorbid ADHD.
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22
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Lu F, Liu P, Chen H, Wang M, Xu S, Yuan Z, Wang X, Wang S, Zhou J. More than just statics: Abnormal dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in adolescent patients with pure conduct disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 131:60-68. [PMID: 32937251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human brain activity is inherently dynamic over time. Conventional neuroimaging studies have reported abnormalities of static intrinsic brain activity or connectivity in adolescent patients with conduct disorder (CD). Little is known, however, regarding the temporal dynamics alterations of brain activity in CD. METHODS In this study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed on adolescent patients with pure CD and age-matched typically developing (TD) controls. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) was first measured using a sliding-window method. The temporal variability (TV) was then quantified as the variance of dALFF over time and compared between the two groups. Further, the relationships between aberrant TV of dALFF and clinical features were evaluated. RESULTS CD patients showed reduced brain dynamics (less temporal variability) in the default-mode network, frontal-limbic cortices, sensorimotor areas, and visual regions which are involved in cognitive, emotional and perceptional processes. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that regions with altered TV of dALFF exhibited a better ability to distinguish CD patients than the results from static ALFF in the current data set. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extended previous work by providing a novel perspective on the neural mechanisms underlying adolescent patients with CD and demonstrated that the altered dynamic local brain activity may be a potential biomarker for CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Peiqu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Chen
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China
| | - Shiyang Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Song Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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23
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Gao Y, Jiang Y, Ming Q, Zhang J, Ma R, Wu Q, Dong D, Guo X, Liu M, Wang X, Situ W, Pauli R, Yao S. Gray Matter Changes in the Orbitofrontal-Paralimbic Cortex in Male Youths With Non-comorbid Conduct Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:843. [PMID: 32435221 PMCID: PMC7218112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conduct disorder is one of the most common developmental psychiatric disorders which is characterized by persistent aggressive and antisocial behaviors during childhood or adolescence. Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates underlying CD and demonstrated several constructive findings. However, Individuals with CD are at high risk for comorbidities, which might give rise to the inconsistencies of existed findings. It remains unclear which neuroanatomical abnormalities are specifically related to CD without comorbidities. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data of 69 CD and 69 typically developing (TD) male youths (aged 14–17 years), the present study aims at investigating gray matter volume alterations of non-comorbid CD (i.e., not comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse disorder, anxiety or depression). We also examined how regional gray matter volumes were related to callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems in the CD group. The whole-brain analysis revealed decreased gray matter volumes in the right pre-postcentral cortex, supramarginal gyrus and right putamen in CD youths compared with TD youths. The region-of-interest analyses showed increased gray matter volumes in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in CD youths. Correlation analysis found that gray matter volume in the left amygdala was negatively correlated with CU traits in CD participants. These results demonstrated that gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal-paralimbic cortex, including OFC, STG and amygdala, might characterize the male youths with non-comorbid CD and might contribute to different severe forms and trajectories of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Gao
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Yali Jiang
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Qingsen Ming
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Ren Ma
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Situ
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruth Pauli
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
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Zhang YD, Zhou JS, Lu FM, Wang XP. Reduced gray matter volume in male adolescent violent offenders. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7349. [PMID: 31534834 PMCID: PMC6730529 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies reported that reduced gray matter volume (GMV) was associated with violent-related behaviors. However, the previous studies were conducted on adults and no study has studied the association between GMV and violent behaviors on adolescents. The purpose of the study was to investigate GMV’s effects in adolescent violent offenders based on a Chinese Han population, which can address the problem of possible confounding factors in adult studies. Methods We recruited 30 male adolescent violent offenders and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Differences in both whole-brain and GMV were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We assessed the accuracy of VBM using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and discriminant analysis. Results Compared with HCs, the male adolescent offenders showed significantly reduced GMV in five cortical and subcortical brain regions, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe in the left hemisphere, as well as the right superior temporal gyrus. Both ROC curve and discriminate analyses showed that these regions had relatively high sensitivities (58.6%–89.7%) and specificities (58.1%–74.2%) with 76.7% classification accuracy. Conclusions Our results indicated that reduced volume in the frontal-temporal-parietal-subcortical circuit may be closely related to violent behaviors in male adolescents, which might be an important biomarker for detecting violent behaviors in male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Song Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Cichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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25
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Glenn AL. Using biological factors to individualize interventions for youth with conduct problems: Current state and ethical issues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2019; 65:101348. [PMID: 29673560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that biological factors such as genes, hormone levels, brain structure, and brain functioning influence the development and trajectory of conduct problems in youth. In addition, biological factors affect how individuals respond to the environment, including how individuals respond to programs designed to prevent or treat conduct problems. Programs designed to reduce behavior problems in youth would have the greatest impact if they were targeted toward youth who need it the most (e.g., who are mostly likely to demonstrate persistent behavior problems) as well as youth who may benefit the most from the program. Biological information may improve our ability to make decisions about which type or level of intervention is best for a particular child, thus maximizing overall effectiveness, but it also raises a number of ethical concerns. These include the idea that we may be providing fewer services to some youth based on biological factors, and that information about biological risk could potentially lead to discrimination or labeling. In this article, I discuss the risks and benefits of using biological information to individualize interventions for youth with conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Glenn
- Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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26
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Cardinale EM, O'Connell K, Robertson EL, Meena LB, Breeden AL, Lozier LM, VanMeter JW, Marsh AA. Callous and uncaring traits are associated with reductions in amygdala volume among youths with varying levels of conduct problems. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1449-1458. [PMID: 30139402 PMCID: PMC7074929 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of callous unemotional (CU) traits, and associated externalizing behaviors, is believed to reflect underlying dysfunction in the amygdala. Studies of adults with CU traits or psychopathy have linked characteristic patterns of amygdala dysfunction to reduced amygdala volume, but studies in youths have not thus far found evidence of similar amygdala volume reductions. The current study examined the association between CU traits and amygdala volume by modeling CU traits and externalizing behavior as independent continuous variables, and explored the relative contributions of callous, uncaring, and unemotional traits. METHODS CU traits and externalizing behavior problems were assessed in 148 youths using the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). For a subset of participants (n = 93), high-resolution T1-weighted images were collected and volume estimates for the amygdala were extracted. RESULTS Analyses revealed that CU traits were associated with increased externalizing behaviors and decreased bilateral amygdala volume. These results were driven by the callous and uncaring sub-factors of CU traits, with unemotional traits unrelated to either externalizing behaviors or amygdala volume. Results persisted after accounting for covariation between CU traits and externalizing behaviors. Bootstrap mediation analyses indicated that CU traits mediated the relationship between reduced amygdala volume and externalizing severity. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that callous-uncaring traits account for reduced amygdala volume among youths with conduct problems. These findings provide a framework for further investigation of abnormal amygdala development as a key causal pathway for the development of callous-uncaring traits and conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine O'Connell
- Georgetown University Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience,Washington, DC,USA
| | | | - Lydia B Meena
- Georgetown University Department of Psychology,Washington, DC,USA
| | - Andrew L Breeden
- Georgetown University Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience,Washington, DC,USA
| | - Leah M Lozier
- Georgetown University Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience,Washington, DC,USA
| | - John W VanMeter
- Georgetown University Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging,Washington, DC,USA
| | - Abigail A Marsh
- Georgetown University Department of Psychology,Washington, DC,USA
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27
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Itani S, Rossignol M, Lecron F, Fortemps P. Towards interpretable machine learning models for diagnosis aid: A case study on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215720. [PMID: 31022245 PMCID: PMC6483231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has heavy consequences on a child's wellbeing, especially in the academic, psychological and relational planes. The current evaluation of the disorder is supported by clinical assessment and written tests. A definitive diagnosis is usually made based on the DSM-V criteria. There is a lot of ongoing research on ADHD, in order to determine the neurophysiological basis of the disorder and to reach a more objective diagnosis. The advent of Machine Learning (ML) opens up promising prospects for the development of systems able to predict a diagnosis from phenotypic and neuroimaging data. This was the reason why the ADHD-200 contest was launched a few years ago. Based on the publicly available ADHD-200 collection, participants were challenged to predict ADHD with the best possible predictive accuracy. In the present work, we propose instead a ML methodology which primarily places importance on the explanatory power of a model. Such an approach is intended to achieve a fair trade-off between the needs of performance and interpretability expected from medical diagnosis aid systems. We applied our methodology on a data sample extracted from the ADHD-200 collection, through the development of decision trees which are valued for their readability. Our analysis indicates the relevance of the limbic system for the diagnosis of the disorder. Moreover, while providing explanations that make sense, the resulting decision tree performs favorably given the recent results reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Itani
- Fund for Scientific Research - FNRS (F.R.S.- FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Mathematics and Operations Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mandy Rossignol
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Fabian Lecron
- Department of Engineering Innovation Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Fortemps
- Department of Engineering Innovation Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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28
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The structural brain correlates of callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated male adolescents. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101703. [PMID: 30738373 PMCID: PMC6370859 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Youth with severe conduct problems impose a significant cost on society by engaging in high levels of antisocial and aggressive behavior. Within this group, adolescents with high levels of callous- unemotional traits have been found to exhibit more severe and persistent patterns of antisocial behavior than youth with severe conduct problems but normative levels of callous-unemotional traits. Existing neuroimaging studies, along with theoretical accounts of psychopathology, suggest that dysfunction within the paralimbic cortex and limbic system may underlie elevated levels of callous-unemotional traits. The present study examines this hypothesis by investigating gray matter correlates associated with callous-unemotional traits. A sample of incarcerated male adolescents (N = 269), were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Callous-unemotional traits were assessed using the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (Frick 2004). Total callous-unemotional traits were negatively correlated with anterior temporal lobe gray matter volume (GMV). Callous traits in particular exhibited a reliable negative correlation with gray matter volume in nearly every paralimbic brain region examined. Uncaring traits were positively correlated with GMV in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. These findings demonstrate specific neural features within the paralimbic cortex and limbic system that accompany elevated callous-unemotional traits and serves to expand our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms that may give rise to severe conduct problems in youth. Total callous-unemotional traits were negatively correlated with anterior temporal lobe gray matter volume (GMV). Callous traits negatively correlated with GMV in nearly every paralimbic regions examined. Uncaring traits were positively correlated with GMV in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices.
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29
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Adamson B, Letourneau N, Lebel C. Prenatal maternal anxiety and children's brain structure and function: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:117-126. [PMID: 30118945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal anxiety disorders are common during pregnancy and postpartum, and are associated with increased behaviour problems and risk of mental health difficulties in children. Understanding alterations in brain structure and function associated with maternal anxiety may help elucidate potential mechanisms via which high maternal anxiety could affect children. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of extant research studying the associations between prenatal anxiety and children's brain structure and function, as assessed through neuroimaging. Data were gathered in accordance with the PRISMA review guidelines. RESULTS Ten articles were identified, and all found a significant association between antenatal maternal anxiety and child neurodevelopment. Studies vary considerably in their methods with five studies employing electroencephalography (EEG), one using magnetoencephalography (MEG), and the rest employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of neuroimaging techniques undertaken by the reviewed studies precluded a meta-analysis from being performed. The applicability of this systematic review to clinical practice is also limited given that the studies examined children across a wide age range (neonates to 17 years). CONCLUSIONS From early infancy to late adolescence, findings suggest alterations of brain structure and function in frontal, temporal, and limbic areas in children born to mothers who experienced prenatal anxiety. These brain abnormalities may underlie associations between prenatal anxiety and children's behaviour, though more research incorporating neuroimaging and behavioural data is necessary to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Adamson
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Faculty of Nursing and Cumming School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4; Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Room B4-513 Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Room B4-513 Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
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30
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Fehlbaum LV, Raschle NM, Menks WM, Prätzlich M, Flemming E, Wyss L, Euler F, Sheridan M, Sterzer P, Stadler C. Altered Neuronal Responses During an Affective Stroop Task in Adolescents With Conduct Disorder. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1961. [PMID: 30405475 PMCID: PMC6200838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric disorder of childhood and adolescence which has been linked to deficient emotion processing and regulation. The behavioral and neuronal correlates targeting the interaction of emotion processing and response inhibition are still under investigation. Whole-brain event-related fMRI was applied during an affective Stroop task in 39 adolescents with CD and 39 typically developing adolescents (TD). Participants were presented with an emotional stimulus (negative/neutral) followed by a Stroop task with varying cognitive load (congruent/incongruent/blank trials). fMRI analysis included standard preprocessing, region of interest analyses (amygdala, insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and whole-brain analyses based on a 2(group) × 2(emotion) × 3(task) full-factorial ANOVA. Adolescents with CD made significantly more errors, while reaction times did not significantly differ compared to TD. Additionally, we observed a lack of downregulation of left amygdala activity in response to incongruent trials and increased anterior insula activity for CD relative to TD during affective Stroop task processing [cluster-level family-wise error-corrected (p < 0.05)]. Even though no three-way interaction (group × emotion × task) interaction was detected, the findings presented still provide evidence for altered neuronal underpinnings of the interaction of emotion processing and response inhibition in CD. Moreover, our results may corroborate previous evidence of emotion dysregulation as a core dysfunction in CD. Future studies shall focus on investigating the interaction of emotion processing and response inhibition in CD subgroups (e.g., variations in callous-unemotional traits, impulsivity, or anxiety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn V. Fehlbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora M. Raschle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Willeke M. Menks
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Prätzlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Flemming
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Letizia Wyss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Euler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Bos MG, Wierenga LM, Blankenstein NE, Schreuders E, Tamnes CK, Crone EA. Longitudinal structural brain development and externalizing behavior in adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:1061-1072. [PMID: 30255501 PMCID: PMC6175471 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies report relations between externalizing behavior and structural abnormalities in cortical thickness of prefrontal regions and volume reductions in subcortical regions. To understand how these associations emerge and develop, longitudinal designs are pivotal. METHOD In the current longitudinal study, a community sample of children, adolescents and young adults (N = 271) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three biennial waves (680 scans). At each wave, aspects of externalizing behavior were assessed with parent-reported aggression and rule-breaking scores (Child Behavior Checklist), and self-reported aggression scores (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire). Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected based on prior research: dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC), orbitofrontal (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and parahippocampal cortex, as well as subcortical regions. Linear mixed models were used to assess the longitudinal relation between externalizing behavior and structural brain development. Structural covariance analyses were employed to identify whether longitudinal relations between ROIs (maturational coupling) were associated with externalizing behavior. RESULTS Linear mixed model analyses showed a negative relation between parent-reported aggression and right hippocampal volume. Moreover, this longitudinal relation was driven by change in hippocampal volume and not initial volume of hippocampus at time point 1. Exploratory analyses showed that stronger maturational coupling between prefrontal regions, the limbic system, and striatum was associated with both low and high externalizing behavior. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings reinforce the hypothesis that altered structural brain development coincides with development of more externalizing behavior. These findings may guide future research on normative and deviant development of externalizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke G.N. Bos
- Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lara M. Wierenga
- Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E. Blankenstein
- Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands,Institute of Education and Child StudiesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Schreuders
- Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands,Department of Developmental PsychologyTilburg UniversityTilburgThe Netherlands
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of PsychiatryDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands
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32
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Zhang J, Cao W, Wang M, Wang N, Yao S, Huang B. Multivoxel pattern analysis of structural MRI in children and adolescents with conduct disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1273-1280. [PMID: 30145719 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Salvatore JE, Dick DM. Genetic influences on conduct disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:91-101. [PMID: 27350097 PMCID: PMC5183514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a moderately heritable psychiatric disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules. Genome-wide scans using linkage and association methods have identified a number of suggestive genomic regions that are pending replication. A small number of candidate genes (e.g., GABRA2, MAOA, SLC6A4, AVPR1A) are associated with CD related phenotypes across independent studies; however, failures to replicate also exist. Studies of gene-environment interplay show that CD genetic predispositions also contribute to selection into higher-risk environments, and that environmental factors can alter the importance of CD genetic factors and differentially methylate CD candidate genes. The field's understanding of CD etiology will benefit from larger, adequately powered studies in gene identification efforts; the incorporation of polygenic approaches in gene-environment interplay studies; attention to the mechanisms of risk from genes to brain to behavior; and the use of genetically informative data to test quasi-causal hypotheses about purported risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU PO Box 842018, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, African American Studies, and Human & Molecular Genetics, VCU PO Box 842509, Richmond, VA 23284-2509, USA
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34
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Brain structure abnormalities in young women who presented conduct disorder in childhood/adolescence. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:869-885. [PMID: 28695488 PMCID: PMC5548815 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype and genotype of antisocial behavior among females are different from those among males. Previous studies have documented structural brain alterations in males with antisocial behavior, yet little is known about the neural correlates of female antisocial behavior. The present study examined young women who had presented conduct disorder (CDW) prior to age 15 to determine whether brain abnormalities are present in adulthood and whether the observed abnormalities are associated with comorbid disorders or maltreatment that typically characterize this population. Using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry, we compared gray matter volumes (GMV) of 31 women who presented CD by midadolescence and 25 healthy women (HW), age, on average, 23 years. Participants completed structured, validated interviews to diagnose mental disorders, and validated questionnaires to document physical and sexual abuse. Relative to HW, CDW presented increased GMV in the left superior temporal gyrus that was associated with past alcohol and drug dependence, current use of alcohol and drugs, and current anxiety and depression symptoms and maltreatment. Additionally, CDW displayed reduced GMV in lingual gyrus, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex that was associated with past comorbid disorders, current alcohol and drugs use, current anxiety and depression symptoms, and maltreatment. The CDW also presented reduced total GMV that was associated with past comorbid disorders and current anxiety/depression symptoms. Alterations of brain structure were observed among young adult females with prior CD, relative to HW, all of which were associated with internalizing and externalizing disorders and maltreatment that typically accompany CD.
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35
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Default mode network activity and neuropsychological profile in male children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1561-1570. [PMID: 27738997 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is known that patients with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Conduct disorder (CD) commonly shows greater symptom severity than those with ADHD alone and worse outcomes. This study researches whether Default mode network (DMN) is altered in adolescents with ADHD + CD, relative to ADHD alone and controls or not. Ten medication-naïve boys with ADHD + CD, ten medication-naïve boys with ADHD and 10-age-matched typically developing (TD) controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans in the resting state and neuropsychological tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test TBAG Form (STP), Auditory Verbal learning Test (AVLT), Visual Auditory Digit Span B (VADS B) were applied to all the subjects included. fMRI scans can be used only nine patients in each groups. The findings revealed group differences between cingulate cortex and primary mortor cortex; cingulate cortex and somatosensory association cortex; angular gyrus (AG) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, in these networks increased activity was observed in participants with ADHD + CD compared with the ADHD. We found that lower resting state (rs)-activity was observed between left AG and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, whereas higher rs-activity connectivity were detected between right AG and somatosensory association cortex in ADHD relative to the ones with ADHD + CD. In neuropsyhcological tasks, ADHD + CD group showed poor performance in WISC-R, WCST, Stroop, AVLT tasks compared to TDs. The ADHD + CD group displayed rs-functional abnormalities in DMN. Our results suggest that abnormalities in the intrinsic activity of resting state networks may contribute to the etiology of CD and poor prognosis of ADHD + CD.
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Cheetham A, Allen NB, Whittle S, Simmons J, Yücel M, Lubman DI. Amygdala volume mediates the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence: A prospective study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 276:46-52. [PMID: 29661490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes as mediators of the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence. Externalizing behaviors are among the most robust predictors of adolescent smoking, and there is emerging evidence that volume reductions in the amygdala and OFC are associated with risk for substance misuse as well as aggressive, impulsive, and disinhibited tendencies. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we recruited 109 adolescents who provided data on brain volume and externalizing behaviors at age 12, and on smoking at age 18. Daily smoking at age 18 (n = 27) was predicted by externalizing behaviors (measured by the self-report Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) as well as smaller right amygdala volumes. Right amygdala volumes mediated the relationship between externalizing symptoms and later smoking. These findings provide important insight into the neurobiological risk factors associated with adolescent smoking, and, more generally, into factors that may be associated with vulnerability to substance use disorders and related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia.
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37
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Puiu AA, Wudarczyk O, Goerlich KS, Votinov M, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Turetsky B, Konrad K. Impulsive aggression and response inhibition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavioral disorders: Findings from a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:231-246. [PMID: 29689282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although impulsive aggression (IA) and dysfunctional response inhibition (RI) are hallmarks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disrupted behavioral disorders (DBDs), little is known about their shared and distinct deviant neural mechanisms. AIMS AND METHODS Here, we selectively reviewed s/fMRI ADHD and DBD studies to identify disorder-specific and shared IA and RI aberrant neural mechanisms. RESULTS In ADHD, deviant prefrontal and cingulate functional activity was associated with increased IA. Structural alterations were most pronounced in the cingulate cortex. Subjects with DBDs showed marked cortico-subcortical dysfunctions. ADHD and DBDs share similar cortico-limbic structural and functional alterations. RI deficits in ADHD highlighted hypoactivity in the dorso/ventro-lateral PFC, insula, and striatum, while the paralimbic system was primarily dysfunctional in DBDs. Across disorders, extensively altered cortico-limbic dysfunctions underlie IA, while RI was mostly associated with aberrant prefrontal activity. CONCLUSION Control network deficits were evidenced across clinical phenotypes in IA and RI. Dysfunctions at any level within these cortico-subcortical projections lead to deficient cognitive-affective control by ascribing emotional salience to otherwise irrelevant stimuli. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Puiu
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Olga Wudarczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Katharina S Goerlich
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mikhail Votinov
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationship, Research Center Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Research Center Jülich, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bruce Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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38
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Morphometry and Development: Changes in Brain Structure from Birth to Adult Age. NEUROMETHODS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7647-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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Leblanc É, Dégeilh F, Daneault V, Beauchamp MH, Bernier A. Attachment Security in Infancy: A Preliminary Study of Prospective Links to Brain Morphometry in Late Childhood. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2141. [PMID: 29312029 PMCID: PMC5733037 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of longitudinal research provides compelling evidence for the critical role of early attachment relationships in children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development. It is expected that parent–child attachment relationships may also impact children’s brain development, however, studies linking normative caregiving experiences and brain structure are scarce. To our knowledge, no study has yet examined the associations between the quality of parent–infant attachment relationships and brain morphology during childhood. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the prospective links between mother–infant attachment security and whole-brain gray matter (GM) volume and thickness in late childhood. Attachment security toward the mother was assessed in 33 children when they were 15 months old. These children were then invited to undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging at 10–11 years of age. Results indicated that children more securely attached to their mother in infancy had larger GM volumes in the superior temporal sulcus and gyrus, temporo-parietal junction, and precentral gyrus in late childhood. No associations between attachment security and cortical thickness were found. If replicated, these results would suggest that a secure attachment relationship and its main features (e.g., adequate dyadic emotion regulation, competent exploration) may influence GM volume in brain regions involved in social, cognitive, and emotional functioning through experience-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élizabel Leblanc
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fanny Dégeilh
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Daneault
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal's Geriatric Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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40
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Zhou Q, Zhong M, Yao S, Jin X, Liu Y, Tan C, Zhu X, Yi J. Hemispheric asymmetry of the frontolimbic cortex in young adults with borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:637-647. [PMID: 29034964 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the frontolimbic cortex has been implicated in borderline personality disorder (BPD), information about possible asymmetries in this region in patients with BPD is limited. This study aimed to examine whether frontolimbic cortex asymmetries differ between patients with BPD and healthy individuals. METHODS The brains of 30 young adult patients with BPD and 32 healthy control subjects were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The participants completed self-report scales assessing impulsivity, affect intensity and other psychological variables. Gray matter volume, surface area, and cortical thickness in regions of interest (ROIs), namely anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were determined and the data were probed for hemisphere-group interactions. RESULTS Relative to controls, patients with BPD had reduced cortical thickness in left ACC and less surface area and gray matter volume in left AI. Significant group-hemisphere interactions were observed for gray matter volume and surface area of AI and for cortical thickness of ACC. Post hoc analysis showed that the BPD patients had greater frontolimbic cortex asymmetry than healthy controls; furthermore, greater asymmetry of AI&ACC correlated with a higher score in attention subscale of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. CONCLUSION Patients with BPD have greater frontolimbic asymmetry than healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhou
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Zhong
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Jin
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - C Tan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - J Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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41
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Lu FM, Zhou JS, Zhang J, Wang XP, Yuan Z. Disrupted small-world brain network topology in pure conduct disorder. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65506-65524. [PMID: 29029449 PMCID: PMC5630349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conduct disorder (CD) is characterized by the violation of the rights of others or basic social rules and a repetitive, persistent pattern of antisocial and aggressive behaviors. A large number of functional and structural neuroimaging studies have identified widely abnormalities in specific brain regions in CD, but the alterations in the topological organization of functional networks among them remain largely unknown. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity in 18 pure CD patients and eighteen typically developing healthy controls. We first constructed the functional networks and then examined the CD-related alteration in topology properties using graph theoretical analysis. RESULTS Both the CD group and healthy controls exhibited small-world topology. However, the CD group showed decreased global and local efficiency. Changes in the nodal characteristics in CD group were found predominantly in the default-mode network, visual, and striatum regions. In addition, altered fronto-limbic-striatum network topology was found to have a relationship with clinical scores. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the altered nodal topology of brain functional connectivity networks in CD. SIGNIFICANCE The results provide unequivocal evidence of a topological disruption in the brain networks that suggest some possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Mei Lu
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jian-Song Zhou
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Wildeboer A, Thijssen S, Muetzel RL, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Tiemeier H, White T, van IJzendoorn MH. Neuroanatomical correlates of donating behavior in middle childhood. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:541-552. [PMID: 28756739 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1361864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological correlates of prosocial behavior are largely unknown. We examined brain structure and functional connectivity correlates of donating to a charity, a specific, costly, form of prosocial behavior. In 163 children, donating was measured using a promotional clip for a charity including a call for donations. Children could decide privately whether and how much they wanted to donate from money they had received earlier. Whole brain structural MRI scans were obtained to study associations between cortical thickness and donating behavior. In addition, resting state functional MRI scans were obtained to study whole brain functional connectivity and to examine functional connectivity between regions identified using structural MRI. In the lateral orbitofrontal cortex/pars orbitalis and pre-/postcentral cortex, a thicker cortex was associated with higher donations. Functional connectivity with these regions was not associated with donating behavior. These results suggest that donating behavior is not only situationally driven, but is also related brain morphology. The absence of functional connectivity correlates might imply that the associations with cortical thickness are involved in different underlying mechanisms of donating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wildeboer
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.,c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Thijssen
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.,d Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies , Erasmus University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.,c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,e Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC) , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Leiden , The Netherlands.,f Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,g Department of Psychiatry , Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.,c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,d Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies , Erasmus University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,e Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC) , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Smaragdi A, Cornwell H, Toschi N, Riccelli R, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Wells A, Clanton R, Baker R, Rogers J, Martin-Key N, Puzzo I, Batchelor M, Sidlauskaite J, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Konrad K, Baumann S, Raschle N, Stadler C, Freitag C, Sonuga-Barke EJS, De Brito S, Fairchild G. Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:703-712. [PMID: 28735700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported reduced cortical thickness and surface area and altered gyrification in frontal and temporal regions in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Although there is evidence that the clinical phenotype of CD differs between males and females, no studies have examined whether such sex differences extend to cortical and subcortical structure. METHOD As part of a European multisite study (FemNAT-CD), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from 48 female and 48 male participants with CD and from 104 sex-, age-, and pubertal-status-matched controls (14-18 years of age). Data were analyzed using surface-based morphometry, testing for effects of sex, diagnosis, and sex-by-diagnosis interactions, while controlling for age, IQ, scan site, and total gray matter volume. RESULTS CD was associated with cortical thinning and higher gyrification in ventromedial prefrontal cortex in both sexes. Males with CD showed lower, and females with CD showed higher, supramarginal gyrus cortical thickness compared with controls. Relative to controls, males with CD showed higher gyrification and surface area in superior frontal gyrus, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in females. There were no effects of diagnosis or sex-by-diagnosis interactions on subcortical volumes. Results are discussed with regard to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and substance abuse comorbidity, medication use, handedness, and CD age of onset. CONCLUSION We found both similarities and differences between males and females in CD-cortical structure associations. This initial evidence that the pathophysiological basis of CD may be partly sex-specific highlights the need to consider sex in future neuroimaging studies and suggests that males and females may require different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Wells
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignazio Puzzo
- West London Mental Health Trust, Broadmoor High Secure Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Kohls
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nora Raschle
- Psychiatric University Clinics and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stadler
- Psychiatric University Clinics and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Prefrontal mechanisms of comorbidity from a transdiagnostic and ontogenic perspective. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1147-1175. [PMID: 27739395 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating behavioral and genetic research suggests that most forms of psychopathology share common genetic and neural vulnerabilities and are manifestations of a relatively few core underlying processes. These findings support the view that comorbidity mostly arises, not from true co-occurrence of distinct disorders, but from the behavioral expression of shared vulnerability processes across the life span. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the shared vulnerability mechanisms underlying the clinical phenomena of comorbidity from a transdiagnostic and ontogenic perspective. In adopting this perspective, we suggest complex transactions between neurobiologically rooted vulnerabilities inherent in PFC circuitry and environmental factors (e.g., parenting, peers, stress, and substance use) across development converge on three key PFC-mediated processes: executive functioning, emotion regulation, and reward processing. We propose that individual differences and impairments in these PFC-mediated functions provide intermediate mechanisms for transdiagnostic symptoms and underlie behavioral tendencies that evoke and interact with environmental risk factors to further potentiate vulnerability.
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45
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Wu Q, Zhang X, Dong D, Wang X, Yao S. Altered spontaneous brain activity in adolescent boys with pure conduct disorder revealed by regional homogeneity analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:827-837. [PMID: 28185093 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed abnormal neural activity in several brain regions of adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) performing various tasks. However, little is known about the spontaneous neural activity in people with CD in a resting state. The aims of this study were to investigate CD-associated regional activity abnormalities and to explore the relationship between behavioral impulsivity and regional activity abnormalities. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scans were administered to 28 adolescents with CD and 28 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls (HCs). The rs-fMRI data were subjected to regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. ReHo can demonstrate the temporal synchrony of regional blood oxygen level-dependent signals and reflect the coordination of local neuronal activity facilitating similar goals or representations. Compared to HCs, the CD group showed increased ReHo bilaterally in the insula as well as decreased ReHo in the right inferior parietal lobule, right middle temporal gyrus and right fusiform gyrus, left anterior cerebellum anterior, and right posterior cerebellum. In the CD group, mean ReHo values in the left and the right insula correlated positively with Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) total scores. The results suggest that CD is associated with abnormal intrinsic brain activity, mainly in the cerebellum and temporal-parietal-limbic cortices, regions that are related to emotional and cognitive processing. BIS scores in adolescents with CD may reflect severity of abnormal neuronal synchronization in the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Kumar U, Arya A, Agarwal V. Neural alterations in ADHD children as indicated by voxel-based cortical thickness and morphometry analysis. Brain Dev 2017; 39:403-410. [PMID: 28057397 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroimaging studies provide vital information related to the neurobiology of ADHD, but there still exists a wide gap in relevant information. The present study aimed to elucidate the neuroanatomical alteration in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children/adolescents. METHODS Voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to examine neuroanatomic distinctions in 18 children/adolescents aged 7.5-13years diagnosed with DSM-IV TR as ADHD (non-medicated). They were compared with 18 healthy matched controls. RESULTS VBCT findings in ADHD children/adolescents revealed reduced cortical thickness in the left superior frontal, left orbito-frontal and left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. VBM findings confirmed decreased gray matter volume in the left orbito frontal, left middle frontal/dorsolateral prefrontal, left middle temporal and left cerebellum in comparison to control group. A decrease in white matter volume was also observed in the left inferior frontal and left calcarine of ADHD children/adolescents. CONCLUSION Results reflect possible abnormal neuroanatomical development patterns in ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Amit Arya
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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47
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Lu FM, Zhou JS, Wang XP, Xiang YT, Yuan Z. Short- and long-range functional connectivity density alterations in adolescents with pure conduct disorder at resting-state. Neuroscience 2017; 351:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Yang Y, Joshi SH, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Baker LA. Neural correlates of proactive and reactive aggression in adolescent twins. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:230-240. [PMID: 27766650 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Verbal and physical aggression begin early in life and steadily decline thereafter in normal development. As a result, elevated aggressive behavior in adolescence may signal atypical development and greater vulnerability for negative mental and health outcomes. Converging evidence suggests that brain disturbances in regions involved in impulse control, emotional regulation, and sensation seeking may contribute to heightened aggression. However, little is known regarding the neural mechanisms underlying subtypes of aggression (i.e., proactive and reactive aggression) and whether they differ between males and females. Using a sample of 106 14-year-old adolescent twins, this study found that striatal enlargement was associated with both proactive and reactive aggression. We also found that volumetric alterations in several frontal regions including smaller middle frontal and larger orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with higher levels of aggression in adolescent twins. In addition, cortical thickness analysis showed that thickness alterations in many overlapping regions including middle frontal, superior frontal, and anterior cingulate cortex and temporal regions were associated with aggression in adolescent twins. Results support the involvement of fronto-limbic-striatal circuit in the etiology of aggression during adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 43:230-240, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Shantanu H. Joshi
- Department of Neurology; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Department of Neurology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Department of Neurology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Laura A. Baker
- Department of Psychology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
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49
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Calzada-Reyes A, Alvarez-Amador A, Galán-García L, Valdés-Sosa M. QEEG and LORETA in Teenagers With Conduct Disorder and Psychopathic Traits. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:189-199. [PMID: 27272168 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416645712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the impact of the psychopathic traits on the EEG of teenagers with conduct disorder (CD). To date, there is no other research studying low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) technique using quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis in adolescents with CD and psychopathic traits. OBJECTIVE To find electrophysiological differences specifically related to the psychopathic traits. The current investigation compares the QEEG and the current source density measures between adolescents with CD and psychopathic traits and adolescents with CD without psychopathic traits. METHODS The resting EEG activity and LORETA for the EEG fast spectral bands were evaluated in 42 teenagers with CD, 25 with and 17 without psychopathic traits according to the Antisocial Process Screening Device. All adolescents were assessed using the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The EEG visual inspection characteristics and the use of frequency domain quantitative analysis techniques (narrow band spectral parameters) are described. RESULTS QEEG analysis showed a pattern of beta activity excess on the bilateral frontal-temporal regions and decreases of alpha band power on the left central-temporal and right frontal-central-temporal regions in the psychopathic traits group. Current source density calculated at 17.18 Hz showed an increase within fronto-temporo-striatal regions in the psychopathic relative to the nonpsychopathic traits group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that QEEG analysis and techniques of source localization may reveal differences in brain electrical activity among teenagers with CD and psychopathic traits, which was not obvious to visual inspection. Taken together, these results suggest that abnormalities in a fronto-temporo-striatal network play a relevant role in the neurobiological basis of psychopathic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Calzada-Reyes
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Alfredo Alvarez-Amador
- 2 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Lídice Galán-García
- 3 Department of Neurostatistic, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Mitchell Valdés-Sosa
- 4 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
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50
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Sebastian CL, De Brito SA, McCrory EJ, Hyde ZH, Lockwood PL, Cecil CAM, Viding E. Grey Matter Volumes in Children with Conduct Problems and Varying Levels of Callous-Unemotional Traits. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 44:639-49. [PMID: 26364620 PMCID: PMC4830891 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic, behavioural and functional neuroimaging studies have revealed that different vulnerabilities characterise children with conduct problems and high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) compared with children with conduct problems and low callous-unemotional traits (CP/LCU). We used voxel-based morphometry to study grey matter volume (GMV) in 89 male participants (aged 10-16), 60 of whom exhibited CP. The CP group was subdivided into CP/HCU (n = 29) and CP/LCU (n = 31). Whole-brain and regional GMV were compared across groups (CP vs. typically developing (TD) controls (n = 29); and CP/HCU vs. CP/LCU vs. TD). Whole-brain analyses showed reduced GMV in left middle frontal gyrus in the CP/HCU group compared with TD controls. Region-of-interest analyses showed reduced volume in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the CP group as a whole compared with TD controls. Reduced volume in left OFC was found to be driven by the CP/HCU group only, with significant reductions relative to both TD controls and the CP/LCU group, and no difference between these latter two groups. Within the CP group left OFC volume was significantly predicted by CU traits, but not conduct disorder symptoms. Reduced right anterior cingulate cortex volume was also found in CP/HCU compared with TD controls. Our results support previous findings indicating that GMV differences in brain regions central to decision-making and empathy are implicated in CP. However, they extend these data to suggest that some of these differences might specifically characterise the subgroup with CP/HCU, with GMV reduction in left OFC differentiating children with CP/HCU from those with CP/LCU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eamon J McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe H Hyde
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia L Lockwood
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
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