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Bolin PK, Nielsen EM, Nielsen DA, De La Garza R. Promoter region variant C-824T in the TH gene modulates the subjective effects of cocaine. Am J Addict 2023; 32:506-509. [PMID: 37337750 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study examined how a promoter variant of TH (rs10770141) affects subjective effects of cocaine in 65 nontreatment-seeking individuals with cocaine dependence. METHODS Participants received cocaine/saline intravenously, and TH genotypes were evaluated. RESULTS Homozygous individuals for the minor T allele reported greater "good" and "bad" subjective effects to cocaine than those with the major C allele. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS TH rs10770141 modulates subjective effects of cocaine in participants with cocaine dependence. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These results are among the first to indicate that homozygosity of the T allele of rs10770141 modulates greater sensitivity to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Bolin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ellen M Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Wilkinson A, Swann A, Graham D, Patriquin M, Salas R, Nielsen D, Kosten T. Emotional self-regulation, impulsivity, 5-HTTLPR and tobacco use behavior among psychiatric inpatients. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:631-636. [PMID: 35623482 PMCID: PMC9842073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene, 5-HTTLPR, interacts with the social environment to influence both emotional self-regulation and smoking behavior, less is known about interactions between emotional self-regulation and 5-HTTLPR or their joint influence on tobacco use. Here, we examined such interactions among psychiatric inpatients, the population with the highest rates of smoking. METHODS Participants (506 adults) were psychiatric inpatients at The Menninger Clinic in Houston TX between 2012 and 16. Most were white (89%), male (55%), with a mean age of 32.3 years. Participants completed the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) at admission. We examined interactions with smoking among three DERS subscales and 5-HTTLPR, controlling for sex, race and age. RESULTS Smoking rates were higher among those with the 5-HTTPLR L'L' genotype compared to peers carrying an S' allele (47.9% vs. 37.4%, respectively). Among S' allele carrying participants, impulse control difficulties (OR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.14) and lack of emotion clarity (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.00-1.11) increased risk for ever using tobacco, while accessing more ways to regulate emotion (OR = 0.95; 95%CI: 0.92-0.99) offered a protective effect against ever using tobacco. Neither demographic nor DERS covariates were associated with using tobacco among the L'L' group. LIMITATIONS This ethnically homogenous sample limits generalizability and using a binary outcome can over-estimate a gene environment interaction effect. CONCLUSIONS Emotional self-regulation exerts a stronger influence on using tobacco among carriers of an S' allele of 5-HTTLPR than peers with the L'L' genotype. Promoting emotional self-regulatory skills may have benefits for preventing tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Wilkinson
- UTHealth School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America,Corresponding author. (A.V. Wilkinson)
| | - A.C. Swann
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - D.P. Graham
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - M.A. Patriquin
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - R. Salas
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - D.A. Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - T.R. Kosten
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Longtain RB, Graham DP, Harding MJ, De La Garza R, Nielsen DA. Methylation of the serotonin transporter gene moderates the depressive subjective effect of cocaine. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113675. [PMID: 34798166 PMCID: PMC8671356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) has been shown to moderate the acute subjective effects of cocaine. Methylation of the SLC6A4 gene is associated with decreased transcription of the serotonin transporter, leading to increased serotonin in the synapse. In this study, methylation of the SLC6A4 gene was investigated in the moderation of the subjective effects of cocaine. Non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent individuals (N = 53) were intravenously administered cocaine (40 mg) and saline in a randomized order. The subjective effects of cocaine were self-reported using a visual analog scale starting prior to the administration of cocaine (-15 min) or saline and up to 20 min after infusion. Participants were evaluated for methylation of the SLC6A4 promoter region and 5-HTTLPR genotype. A series of ANCOVAs for SLC6A4 methylation (high/low) were run for each of ten subjective and three cardiovascular effects controlling for age, sex [utilizing the sex-determining region Y protein (SRY)], and population structure (determined from ancestry informative markers and STRUCTURE software). Participants with SLC6A4 hypermethylation reported greater subjective response to cocaine for 'depressed' relative to participants with SLC6A4 hypomethylation (experiment-wise p = 0.002). These findings indicate that SLC6A4 methylation moderates the 'depressed' subjective effect of cocaine in non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley B. Longtain
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David P. Graham
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA,South Central Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Houston, TX, USA,Corresponding author: David P. Graham, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd (153-TBI), Building 100, STE 2B-126A, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Tel: 713 791 1414 × 24215,
| | - Mark J. Harding
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - David A. Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Schröder R, Reuter M, Faßbender K, Plieger T, Poulsen J, Lui SSY, Chan RCK, Ettinger U. The role of the SLC6A3 3' UTR VNTR in nicotine effects on cognitive, affective, and motor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:489-507. [PMID: 34854936 PMCID: PMC8638222 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine has been widely studied for its pro-dopaminergic effects. However, at the behavioural level, past investigations have yielded heterogeneous results concerning effects on cognitive, affective, and motor outcomes, possibly linked to individual differences at the level of genetics. A candidate polymorphism is the 40-base-pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (rs28363170) in the SLC6A3 gene coding for the dopamine transporter (DAT). The polymorphism has been associated with striatal DAT availability (9R-carriers > 10R-homozygotes), and 9R-carriers have been shown to react more strongly to dopamine agonistic pharmacological challenges than 10R-homozygotes. OBJECTIVES In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that 9R-carriers would be more responsive to nicotine due to genotype-related differences in DAT availability and resulting dopamine activity. METHODS N=194 non-smokers were grouped according to their genotype (9R-carriers, 10R-homozygotes) and received either 2-mg nicotine or placebo gum in a between-subject design. Spontaneous blink rate (SBR) was obtained as an indirect measure of striatal dopamine activity and smooth pursuit, stop signal, simple choice and affective processing tasks were carried out in randomized order. RESULTS Reaction times were decreased under nicotine compared to placebo in the simple choice and stop signal tasks, but nicotine and genotype had no effects on any of the other task outcomes. Conditional process analyses testing the mediating effect of SBR on performance and how this is affected by genotype yielded no significant results. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we could not confirm our main hypothesis. Individual differences in nicotine response could not be explained by rs28363170 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaja Faßbender
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Plieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessie Poulsen
- Nicotine Science Center, Fertin Pharma A/S, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience (NACN) Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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High Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) in Chronically Prescribed Severe Chronic Opioid Probands Attending Multi-pain Clinics: an Open Clinical Pilot Trial. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3335-3346. [PMID: 33683627 PMCID: PMC8257535 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Millions of Americans experience pain daily. In 2017, opioid overdose claimed 64,000 lives increasing to 84,000 lives in 2020, resulting in a decrease in national life expectancy. Chronic opioid use results in dependency, drug tolerance, neuroadaptation, hyperalgesia, potential addictive behaviors, or Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) caused by a hypodopaminergia. Evaluation of pain clinic patients with the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI- Media Version V) revealed that GARS scores equal to or greater than 4 and 7 alleles significantly predicted drug and alcohol severity, respectively. We utilized RT-PCR for SNP genotyping and multiplex PCR/capillary electrophoresis for fragment analysis of the role of eleven alleles in a ten-reward gene panel, reflecting the activity of brain reward circuitry in 121 chronic opioid users. The study consisted of 55 males and 66 females averaging ages 54 and 53 years of age, respectively. The patients included Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. Inclusion criteria mandated that the Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) was 30-600 mg/day (males) and 20 to 180 mg/day (females) for treatment of chronic pain over 12 months. Ninety-six percent carried four or more risk alleles, and 73% carried seven or more risk alleles, suggesting a high predictive risk for opioid and alcohol dependence, respectively. These data indicate that chronic, legally prescribed opioid users attending a pain clinic possess high genetic risk for drug and alcohol addiction. Early identification of genetic risk, using the GARS test upon entry to treatment, may prevent iatrogenic induced opioid dependence.
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Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Marzilli E, Pascale E, Tambelli R. Associations Among Internet Addiction, Genetic Polymorphisms, Family Functioning, and Psychopathological Risk: Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e17341. [PMID: 33361057 PMCID: PMC7790611 DOI: 10.2196/17341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International research has emphasized that youths are at higher risk for the onset of internet addiction (IA), but studies investigating biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this condition are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the possible association between IA and genetic polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), serotonin-transporter (5-HTTPR), dopamine receptor (DRD4), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes by considering the role played by the perception of young adults in their family functioning and their depression, anxiety, and avoidant personality problems. METHODS In a sample of 104 male and female young adults aged between 19 and 23 years (mean age 21.87, SD 2.29 years) recruited from universities in the central southern part of Italy, we addressed the presence of IA using the Young criteria of the IA test. Moreover, the perception of young adults of their family functioning and their psychopathological symptoms were assessed through the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Adult Self-Report, respectively. RESULTS We found no significant association between IA and any genetic polymorphisms, neither among males or females. Young adults with IA reported significantly higher scores in the subscale of FAD affective responsiveness (AR; P=.01) and in depressive problems (P=.02), anxiety problems (P=.009), and avoidant personality problems (P=.003) than those in the control group. Results of mediation analyses showed a mediation role played by depressive symptoms (B=0.99; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.97) and avoidant personality problems (B=1.09; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.05) of young adults on the relationship between the FAD, AR, and IA. Finally, this relationship was moderated by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (P<.001), DAT1 (P<.001), and MAO-A (P<.001) genes in young adults. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study supports the recent evidence on the mutual relationship among biological, individual, and social risk factors associated with IA in young adulthood. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the development of prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerniglia
- International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
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7
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Koijam AS, Hijam AC, Singh AS, Jaiswal P, Mukhopadhyay K, Rajamma U, Haobam R. Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene with Heroin Dependence in an Indian Subpopulation from Manipur. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:122-136. [PMID: 32557146 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) or solute carrier family 6 member 3 (SLC6A3) is a transmembrane protein regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission. It has been implicated in playing important roles in the dopaminergic reward pathways, and thus, DAT1 is a strong candidate gene for association studies with heroin dependence. A case-control study involving 279 individuals (147 controls and 132 heroin-dependent cases) was conducted. Ten polymorphisms of the DAT1 (SLC6A3) gene were analysed for its association with heroin dependence. Following the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test, genetic association analyses were performed for the study groups. The post hoc statistical power of the study was 0.655 (65.5%). Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs246997 was found to be significantly associated with heroin dependence at allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic levels. A significant difference in the distribution of 11R allele and 10R/11R genotype of rs28363170 between heroin-dependent cases and controls was also observed. Nominal significance at degrees of freedom (df) = 5 was also observed for rs28363170. Five bimarker-based haplotype combinations were also found to be associated with heroin dependence. For the first time, 13R allele (7R/13R genotype) and 14R allele (7R/14R genotype) were identified for rs3836790 in the population. The study also reports that the 11R allele and 10R/11R genotype of rs28363170 is associated with protection against heroin dependence. 7R and 6R alleles were also found to be the common alleles of rs3836790 in the study population. The study provides evidence for the association of polymorphisms of DAT1 (SLC6A3) with heroin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Singh Koijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India
| | - Aruna Chanu Hijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India
| | - Asem Surindro Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Preeti Jaiswal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector-J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector-J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector-J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Development & Aging Research, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, MG University Campus, Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India.
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8
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Kampangkaew JP, Spellicy CJ, Nielsen EM, Harding MJ, Ye A, Hamon SC, Kosten TR, Nielsen DA. Pharmacogenetic role of dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) variation on response to disulfiram treatment for cocaine addiction. Am J Addict 2019; 28:311-317. [PMID: 31087723 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Disulfiram has been beneficial in treating cocaine addiction in several studies. Patients with two SLC6A3 (DAT1) rs28363170 10-repeat alleles who have with genetically high dopamine transporter (DAT) levels may benefit from increased dopamine levels resulting from disulfiram treatment. METHODS After stabilization for 2 weeks on methadone, 70 cocaine and opioid codependent patients were randomized into disulfiram and placebo groups for 12 weeks of treatment. We genotyped the SLC6A3 (DAT1) 40 bp 3'-untranslated region variable number tandem repeat variant and evaluated its role in moderating disulfiram efficacy for cocaine dependence. RESULTS Among the 10,10-repeat genotype group, cocaine-positive urines dropped from 78% to 48% and from 80% to 75% among the 9-repeat carrier group in the disulfiram group (P = 0.0001, with an effect size of 0.09). No difference was observed in cocaine-positive urines in the placebo group between the 10,10-repeat genotype and the 9-allele carrier patients. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE We found that patients with genetically higher DAT levels had better treatment outcomes with disulfiram pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence than those with lower DAT levels. (Am J Addict 2019;28:311-317).
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Affiliation(s)
- June P Kampangkaew
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine J Spellicy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ellen M Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J Harding
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - An Ye
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara C Hamon
- Statistical and Genetic Consulting LLC, Darien, Connecticut
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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Karalija N, Papenberg G, Wåhlin A, Johansson J, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L, Nyberg L. C957T-mediated Variation in Ligand Affinity Affects the Association between 11C-raclopride Binding Potential and Cognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:314-325. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) system plays an important role in cognition. Accordingly, normal variation in DA genes has been found to predict individual differences in cognitive performance. However, little is known of the impact of genetic differences on the link between empirical indicators of the DA system and cognition in humans. The present work used PET with 11C-raclopride to assess DA D2-receptor binding potential (BP) and links to episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed in 179 healthy adults aged 64–68 years. Previously, the T-allele of a DA D2-receptor single-nucleotide polymorphism, C957T, was associated with increased apparent affinity of 11C-raclopride, giving rise to higher BP values despite similar receptor density values between allelic groups. Consequently, we hypothesized that 11C-raclopride BP measures inflated by affinity rather than D2-receptor density in T-allele carriers would not be predictive of DA integrity and therefore prevent finding an association between 11C-raclopride BP and cognitive performance. In accordance with previous findings, we show that 11C-raclopride BP was increased in T-homozygotes. Importantly, 11C-raclopride BP was only associated with cognitive performance in groups with low or average ligand affinity (C-allele carriers of C957T, n = 124), but not in the high-affinity group (T-homozygotes, n = 55). The strongest 11C-raclopride BP–cognition associations and the highest level of performance were found in C-homozygotes. These findings show that genetic differences modulate the link between BP and cognition and thus have important implications for the interpretation of DA assessments with PET and 11C-raclopride in multiple disciplines ranging from cognitive neuroscience to psychiatry and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
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Vizeli P, Liechti ME. No Influence of Dopamine System Gene Variations on Acute Effects of MDMA. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31708815 PMCID: PMC6821788 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a recreational substance also investigated as medication for posttraumatic stress disorder. Dopamine (DA) system stimulation likely contributes to the acute mood effects of amphetamines, including MDMA. Genetic variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and polymorphic regions of the DA system genes may in part explain interindividual differences in the acute responses to MDMA in humans. We characterized the effects of common genetic variants within genes coding for key players in the DA system including the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497, DRD2 rs6277, and rs107959), the dopamine transporter (DAT1 rs28363170, rs3836790, rs6347, rs11133767, rs11564774, rs460000, and rs463379), and dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4, variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR)] on the subjective and autonomic response to MDMA (125 mg) in pooled data from randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover studies in a total of 149 healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of MDMA were used as covariate in the analysis to control for individual pharmacokinetic (metabolic and weight) differences. None of the tested genetic polymorphisms within the DA system altered effects of MDMA when adjusting for multiple comparisons. Genetic variations in genes coding for players of the DA system are unlikely to explain interindividual variations in the acute effects of MDMA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vizeli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Magalhães F, Rocha K, Marinho V, Ribeiro J, Oliveira T, Ayres C, Bento T, Leite F, Gupta D, Bastos VH, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Orsini M, Teixeira S. Neurochemical changes in basal ganglia affect time perception in parkinsonians. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:26. [PMID: 29554962 PMCID: PMC5858149 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is described as resulting from dopaminergic cells progressive degeneration, specifically in the substantia nigra pars compacta that influence the voluntary movements control, decision making and time perception. AIM This review had a goal to update the relation between time perception and Parkinson's Disease. METHODOLOGY We used the PRISMA methodology for this investigation built guided for subjects dopaminergic dysfunction in the time judgment, pharmacological models with levodopa and new studies on the time perception in Parkinson's Disease. We researched on databases Scielo, Pubmed / Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge on August 2017 and repeated in September 2017 and February 2018 using terms and associations relevant for obtaining articles in English about the aspects neurobiology incorporated in time perception. No publication status or restriction of publication date was imposed, but we used as exclusion criteria: dissertations, book reviews, conferences or editorial work. RESULTS/DISCUSSION We have demonstrated that the time cognitive processes are underlying to performance in cognitive tasks and that many are the brain areas and functions involved and the modulators in the time perception performance. CONCLUSIONS The influence of dopaminergic on Parkinson's Disease is an important research tool in Neuroscience while allowing for the search for clarifications regarding behavioral phenotypes of Parkinson's disease patients and to study the areas of the brain that are involved in the dopaminergic circuit and their integration with the time perception mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil. .,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Thalys Bento
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Francisca Leite
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Daya Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Braz, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Braz, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program Professional Master in Applied Science in Health/UNISUAM, Av. Paris, 84, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-020, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Salatino-Oliveira A, Rohde LA, Hutz MH. The dopamine transporter role in psychiatric phenotypes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:211-231. [PMID: 28766921 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is one of the most relevant and investigated neurotransmitter transporters. DAT is a plasma membrane protein which plays a homeostatic role, controlling both extracellular and intracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA). Since unbalanced DA levels are known to be involved in numerous mental disorders, a wealth of investigations has provided valuable insights concerning DAT role into normal brain functioning and pathological processes. Briefly, this extensive but non-systematic review discusses what is recently known about the role of SLC6A3 gene which encodes the dopamine transporter in psychiatric phenotypes. DAT protein, SLC6A3 gene, animal models, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging investigations are also concisely discussed. To conclude, current challenges are reviewed in order to provide perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute for Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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The α-1 adrenoceptor (ADRA1A) genotype moderates the magnitude of acute cocaine-induced subjective effects in cocaine-dependent individuals. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2017; 26:428-35. [PMID: 27379509 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether a functional variant of the ADRA1A gene moderated cocaine-induced subjective effects in a group of cocaine-dependent individuals. METHODS This study was a within-participant, double-blind, placebo-controlled inpatient human laboratory evaluation of 65 nontreatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV)] individuals aged 18-55 years. Participants received both placebo (saline, IV) and cocaine (40 mg, IV), and subjective responses were assessed 15 min before receiving an infusion and at 5 min intervals for the subsequent 20 min. The rs1048101 variant of the α1A-adrenoceptor (ADRA1A) gene was genotyped and it was evaluated whether the Cys to Arg substitution at codon 347 in exon 2 (Cys347Arg) moderated the magnitude of the subjective effects produced by cocaine. RESULTS Thirty (46%) participants were found to have the major allele CC genotype and 35 (44%) carried at least one minor T-allele of rs1048101 (TT or TC genotype). Individuals with the CC genotype showed greater responses for 'desire' (P<0.0001), 'high' (P<0.0001), 'any drug effect' (P<0.0001), 'like cocaine' (P<0.0001), and 'likely to use cocaine if given access' (P<0.05) with experiment-wise significance. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the ADRA1A genotype could be used to identify individuals for whom acute cocaine exposure may be more rewarding and by inference may result in greater difficulty in establishing and/or maintaining abstinence from cocaine.
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14
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Patriquin MA, Hamon SC, Harding MJ, Nielsen EM, Newton TF, De La Garza R, Nielsen DA. Genetic moderation of cocaine subjective effects by variation in the TPH1, TPH2, and SLC6A4 serotonin genes. Psychiatr Genet 2017; 27:178-186. [PMID: 28590957 PMCID: PMC5572746 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated variants of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)1, TPH2, and SLC6A4 in the moderation of the subjective effects of cocaine. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent individuals (N=66) were intravenously administered saline and cocaine (40 mg) in a randomized order. Participants self-reported subjective effects of cocaine using a visual analog scale starting before administration of saline or cocaine (-15 min) to up to 20 min after infusion. Self-report ratings on the visual analog scale ranged from 0 (no effect) to 100 (greatest effect). Participants were genotyped for the TPH1 rs1799913, TPH2 rs4290270, and SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR variants. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance was used to examine changes in subjective effect scores over time while controlling for population structure. RESULTS Participants carrying the TPH1 rs1799913 A allele reported greater subjective response to cocaine for 'stimulated' and 'access' relative to the CC genotype group. Those carrying the TPH2 rs4290270 A allele reported higher 'good effect' and lower 'depressed' effect relative to the TT genotype group. Those carrying the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR S' allele reported greater 'desire' and 'access' compared with the L'L' genotype group. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that TPH1, TPH2, and SLC6A4 variants moderate the subjective effects of cocaine in non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Patriquin
- The Menninger Clinic
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sara C. Hamon
- Statistical and Genetic Consulting LLC, Daren, CT USA
| | - Mark J. Harding
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Ellen M. Nielsen
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Thomas F. Newton
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - David A. Nielsen
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Houston, TX USA
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15
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Azadeh S, Hobbs BP, Ma L, Nielsen DA, Gerard Moeller F, Baladandayuthapani V. Integrative Bayesian analysis of neuroimaging-genetic data with application to cocaine dependence. Neuroimage 2016; 125:813-824. [PMID: 26484829 PMCID: PMC5042574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging and genetic studies provide distinct and complementary information about the structural and biological aspects of a disease. Integrating the two sources of data facilitates the investigation of the links between genetic variability and brain mechanisms among different individuals for various medical disorders. This article presents a general statistical framework for integrative Bayesian analysis of neuroimaging-genetic (iBANG) data, which is motivated by a neuroimaging-genetic study in cocaine dependence. Statistical inference necessitated the integration of spatially dependent voxel-level measurements with various patient-level genetic and demographic characteristics under an appropriate probability model to account for the multiple inherent sources of variation. Our framework uses Bayesian model averaging to integrate genetic information into the analysis of voxel-wise neuroimaging data, accounting for spatial correlations in the voxels. Using multiplicity controls based on the false discovery rate, we delineate voxels associated with genetic and demographic features that may impact diffusion as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained from DTI images. We demonstrate the benefits of accounting for model uncertainties in both model fit and prediction. Our results suggest that cocaine consumption is associated with FA reduction in most white matter regions of interest in the brain. Additionally, gene polymorphisms associated with GABAergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitters and receptors were associated with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Azadeh
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian P Hobbs
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liangsuo Ma
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; The Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; The Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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