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Nimer N, Kahder M, Oudat R, Hazaima R, Alkaabna A. Lower Respiratory Infections in Children With Febrile Neutropenic Leukemia: A Case in a Jordanian Hospital. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1342-1349. [PMID: 36908102 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231159087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the prevalence of pneumonia in pediatric children diagnosed with leukemia at King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan. The study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2020. A total of 100 hospitalized leukemia patients with febrile neutropenic episodes were evaluated for the presence of pneumonia. Samples were collected from all patients and tested for microbial growth. Univariate analysis revealed that age (P = .033) and packed cell volume (P = .006) were statistically significant risk factors, associated with the prevalence of pneumonia in leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia episodes. Similarly, as the absolute neutrophil count counts increased with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval of 2.386 (0.859-6.625), the odds of pneumonia in febrile neutropenic patients were more prevalent. The study reported the prevalence of pneumonia in immunocompromised febrile neutropenic patients with leukemia, which could lead to the development of evidence-based febrile neutropenic treatment protocol development. It will assure more responsive patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Nimer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maher Kahder
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Children Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raida Oudat
- Department of Hematopathology, Princess Iman Research and Laboratory Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ruba Hazaima
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Children Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awatif Alkaabna
- Department of Microbiology, Princess Iman Research and Laboratory Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
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Martínez Campos L, Pérez-Albert P, Ferres Ramis L, Rincón-López EM, Mendoza-Palomar N, Soler-Palacin P, Aguilera-Alonso D. Consensus document on the management of febrile neutropenia in paediatric haematology and oncology patients of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (SEHOP). An Pediatr (Barc) 2023:S2341-2879(23)00111-4. [PMID: 37268527 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia is one of the main infectious complications experienced by paediatric patients with blood or solid tumours, which, despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment, are still associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. These patients have several risk factors for infection, chief of which are chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, the disruption of cutaneous and mucosal barriers and the use of intravascular devices. Early diagnosis and treatment of febrile neutropenia episodes based on the patient's characteristics is essential in patients with blood and solid tumours to improve their outcomes. Therefore, it is important to develop protocols in order to optimise and standardise its management. In addition, the rational use of antibiotics, with careful adjustment of the duration of treatment and antimicrobial spectrum, is crucial to address the increase in antimicrobial drug resistance. The aim of this document, developed jointly by the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, is to provide consensus recommendations for the management of febrile neutropenia in paediatric oncology and haematology patients, including the initial evaluation, the stepwise approach to its treatment, supportive care and invasive fungal infection, which each facility then needs to adapt to the characteristics of its patients and local epidemiological trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Pérez-Albert
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ferres Ramis
- Servicio de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena María Rincón-López
- Sección Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Mendoza-Palomar
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa e Inmunodeficiencias de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de investigación «Infección e inmunidad en el paciente pediátrico», Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere Soler-Palacin
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa e Inmunodeficiencias de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de investigación «Infección e inmunidad en el paciente pediátrico», Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología y de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguilera-Alonso
- Sección Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Meron GT, Almog R, Kassis I, Ben Barak A, Shachor-Meyouhas Y. Viral respiratory infection among children treated in hemato-oncology department – Clinical and epidemiological characteristics. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pulmonary Infectious Complications in Children with Hematologic Malignancies and Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia. Diseases 2020; 8:diseases8030032. [PMID: 32824956 PMCID: PMC7564221 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections frequently complicate the treatment course in children with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major cause of hospital admissions in this population, and respiratory tract is often proven to be the site of infection even without respiratory signs and symptoms. Clinical presentation may be subtle due to impaired inflammatory response. Common respiratory viruses and bacteria are widely identified in these patients, while fungi and, less commonly, bacteria are the causative agents in more severe cases. A detailed history, thorough clinical and basic laboratory examination along with a chest radiograph are the first steps in the evaluation of a child presenting signs of a pulmonary infection. After stratifying patient’s risk, prompt initiation of the appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment is crucial and efficient for the majority of the patients. High-risk children should be treated with an intravenous antipseudomonal beta lactam agent, unless there is suspicion of multi-drug resistance when an antibiotic combination should be used. In unresponsive cases, more invasive procedures, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration or open lung biopsy (OLB), are recommended. Overall mortality rate can reach 20% with higher rates seen in cases unresponsive to initial therapy and those under mechanical ventilation.
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