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Yang B, Li K, Niu M, Wei J, Zhao S, Jia C, Xu Y. Structural characteristics of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with various particle size distributions and their influences on the kinetics of gastrointestinal emptying in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132905. [PMID: 38862317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Wheat bran is an abundant yet underutilized agricultural byproduct. Herein, the insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran (WBIDF) was ultra-milled to investigate its impact on physicochemical properties and gastrointestinal emptying. SEM and CLSM showed that the laminar structure of WBIDF was disrupted as the particle size was significantly reduced. In the similar characteristic peaks appearing at 3410, 2925, 1635, 1041, and 895 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectra and at 2940, 1593, 1080, and 526 cm-1 in the Raman spectra, the peak intensity was increased as the particle size decreased. It may be that the hydrogen bonding between cellulose, hemicellulose, or other macromolecules was enhanced. X-ray diffraction showed cellulose type I results for all five samples. Correspondingly, the water-holding, swelling, and oil-holding capacities increased by 75.33 %, 52.62 %, and 75.00 %, respectively, in WBIDF-CW1.8 compared with WBIDF-CWy. Additionally, smaller particle sizes had lower viscosity, thereby enhancing intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying rates. Enhanced contact of the cecal tissue growth factor with the intestinal mucosa delayed ghrelin secretion and stimulated the secretion of motilin, gastrin, and cholecystokinin. In conclusion, the particle sizes of WBIDF were reduced through ultramicro-grinding, leading to altered structure, enhanced hydration and oil-holding capacities, decreased viscosity, and improved gastrointestinal emptying capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Meng Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang 537100, China.
| | - Jianying Wei
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang 537100, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Caihua Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Jia X, Fan S, Dong W, Li S, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang S. Setmelanotide optimization through fragment-growing, molecular docking in-silico method targeting MC4 receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15411-15420. [PMID: 37126536 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2204385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a global issue, but with the complex structures of multiple related important targets and their agonists or antagonists determined, the mechanism of ligand-protein interaction may offer new chances for developing new generation agonists anti-obesity. Based on the molecule surface of the cryo-EM protein structure 7AUE, we tried to replace D-Ala3 with D-Met in setmelanotide as the linker site for fragment-growing with De novo evolution. The simulation results indicate that the derivatives could improve the binding abilities with the melanocortin 4 receptor and the selectivity over the melanocortin 1 receptor. The improved selectivity of the newly designed derivatives is mainly due to the shape difference of the molecular surface at the orthosteric peptide-binding pocket between melanocortin 4 receptor and melanocortin 1 receptor. The new extended fragments could not only enhance the binding affinities but also function as a gripper to seize the pore, making it easier to balance and stabilize the other component of the new derivatives. Although it is challenging to synthesize the compounds designed in silico, this study may perhaps serve as a trigger for additional anti-obesity research.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Structural mechanism of calcium-mediated hormone recognition and Gβ interaction by the human melanocortin-1 receptor. Cell Res 2021; 31:1061-1071. [PMID: 34453129 PMCID: PMC8486761 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocortins are peptide hormones critical for the regulation of stress response, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and skin pigmentation. Their functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (MC1R-MC5R), predominately through the stimulatory G protein (Gs). MC1R, the founding member of melanocortin receptors, is mainly expressed in melanocytes and is involved in melanogenesis. Dysfunction of MC1R is associated with the development of melanoma and skin cancer. Here we present three cryo-electron microscopy structures of the MC1R-Gs complexes bound to endogenous hormone α-MSH, a marketed drug afamelanotide, and a synthetic agonist SHU9119. These structures reveal the orthosteric binding pocket for the conserved HFRW motif among melanocortins and the crucial role of calcium ion in ligand binding. They also demonstrate the basis of differential activities among different ligands. In addition, unexpected interactions between MC1R and the Gβ subunit were discovered from these structures. Together, our results elucidate a conserved mechanism of calcium-mediated ligand recognition, a specific mode of G protein coupling, and a universal activation pathway of melanocortin receptors.
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Wu Y, Zhou A, Tang L, Lei Y, Tang B, Zhang L. Bile Acids: Key Regulators and Novel Treatment Targets for Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6138438. [PMID: 32733968 PMCID: PMC7383344 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6138438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance and unclear pathogenesis, is a serious menace to human health. Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and play an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, increasing studies suggest that bile acids may regulate glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and energy metabolism, suggesting that bile acids may represent a potential therapeutic target for T2DM. This study summarizes the metabolism of bile acids and, more importantly, changes in their concentrations, constitution, and receptors in diabetes. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the role of bile acids in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the occurrence and development of T2DM. Bile acid-targeted therapy may represent a valid approach for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Linjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Condello G, Chen CY. The role of brain natriuretic peptide during strenuous endurance exercise and appetite regulation. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:1-2. [PMID: 31634337 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Condello
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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