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Ahmad S, Ashktorab H, Brim H, Housseau F. Inflammation, microbiome and colorectal cancer disparity in African-Americans: Are there bugs in the genetics? World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2782-2801. [PMID: 35978869 PMCID: PMC9280725 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated interactions between host inflammation and gut microbiota over the course of life increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). While environmental factors and socio-economic realities of race remain predominant contributors to CRC disparities in African-Americans (AAs), this review focuses on the biological mediators of CRC disparity, namely the under-appreciated influence of inherited ancestral genetic regulation on mucosal innate immunity and its interaction with the microbiome. There remains a poor understanding of mechanisms linking immune-related genetic polymorphisms and microbiome diversity that could influence chronic inflammation and exacerbate CRC disparities in AAs. A better understanding of the relationship between host genetics, bacteria, and CRC pathogenesis will improve the prediction of cancer risk across race/ethnicity groups overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ahmad
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Franck Housseau
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
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2
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New agents for immunosuppression. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 54-55:101763. [PMID: 34874846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The human abdomen harbors organs that the host's immune system can attack easily. This immunological storm front leads to diseases like Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis or Autoimmune Hepatitis. Serious symptoms like pain, diarrhea, fatigue, or malnutrition accompany these diseases. Moreover, many patients have an increased risk for developing special kind of malignancies and some autoimmune disease can show a high mortality. The key to treat them consists of a deep understanding of their pathophysiology. In vitro and especially in vivo basic research laid the foundation for our increasing knowledge about it during the past years. This enabled the development of new therapeutic approaches that interact directly with cytokines or immune cells instead of building the treatment on a total immunosuppression. Different kind of antibodies, kinase inhibitors, and regulatory T cells build the base for these approaches. This review shows new therapeutical approaches in gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases in context to their pathophysiological basis.
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3
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Lechner K, Mott S, Al-Saifi R, Knipfer L, Wirtz S, Atreya R, Vieth M, Rath T, Fraass T, Winter Z, August A, Luban J, Zimmermann VS, Weigmann B, Neurath MF. Targeting of the Tec Kinase ITK Drives Resolution of T Cell-Mediated Colitis and Emerges as Potential Therapeutic Option in Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1270-1287.e19. [PMID: 34224738 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The molecular checkpoints driving T cell activation and cytokine responses in ulcerative colitis (UC) are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the Tec kinase ITK in UC. METHODS We analyzed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 223) and evaluated ITK activity as well as the functional effects of cyclosporine-A (CsA). In addition, 3 independent murine colitis models were used to investigate the functional role of ITK. Finally, the activity of ITK was blocked via pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mice. Readout parameters were mini-endoscopy, histopathology, mucosal T cell apoptosis, and cytokine production. RESULTS We found an expansion of pITK-expressing mucosal CD4+ T cells in UC rather than Crohn's disease that correlated with disease severity. CsA suppressed activation of ITK in cultured CD4+ T cells and calcineurin-containing microclusters adjacent to the T cell receptor signaling complex. Functionally, the capacity of CsA to suppress activity of experimental colitis was critically dependent on ITK. Genetic inactivation of Itk via gene targeting or induction of allele-sensitive Itk mutants prevented experimental colitis in 3 colitis models, and treatment with pharmacological ITK blockers suppressed established colitis. In addition, ITK controlled apoptosis and activation of mucosal Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes via NFATc2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS ITK activation was detected in UC and could be down-regulated in cultured T cells by CsA administration. Selective targeting of ITK emerges as an attractive approach for treatment of chronic intestinal inflammation and potentially UC by driving resolution of mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lechner
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mott
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ragheed Al-Saifi
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Knipfer
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Jefremow A, Neurath MF. All are Equal, Some are More Equal: Targeting IL 12 and 23 in IBD - A Clinical Perspective. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:289-297. [PMID: 33274187 PMCID: PMC7705252 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s282466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) or psoriasis represents a worldwide health burden. Researchers provided great achievements in understanding the origin of these diseases leading to improved therapeutic options. The discovery of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α or transforming growth factor-β are examples for these efforts. Interleukin 12 (IL 12) and interleukin 23 (IL 23) represent different important cytokines in this regard. They both belong to the interleukin 12 family and are related by sharing the subunit p40. Ustekinumab is an antibody that blocks p40 and thereby interleukins 12 and 23. Trials showed promising results in treating IBD patients with this drug. Consequently, new questions arose about the distinct features of IL 12 and 23. This review focuses on these interleukins regarding their functions in the healthy and inflamed gut and provides an overview about the results from in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Jefremow
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Borecki K, Zawada I, Salkić NN, Karakiewicz B, Adler G. Relationship between the IL23R SNPs and Crohn's Disease Susceptibility and Phenotype in the Polish and Bosnian Populations: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091551. [PMID: 31052515 PMCID: PMC6539781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that IL-23/IL-17 axis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL23R may have crucial role in pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Thus, we sought to assess the IL23R SNPs contribution to susceptibility and phenotype of CD. We recruited 117 CD subjects and 117 controls from Poland and 30 CD subjects and 30 controls from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Two common IL23R SNPs: rs1004819, rs7517847 were genotyped using TaqMan SNP assays. In the Polish population it was found that allele rs1004819: A increases the risk of CD, while allele rs7517847: A is protective against disease development. In Poles the co-carriage of two IL23R risk genotypes was associated with increased risk of CD. A significantly increased risk of CD early onset was observed in Poles carrying at least one rs7517847: G allele. It was also found that IL23R SNPs may be associated with structuring/penetrating CD behavior, as alleles rs1004819: A and rs7517847: G were significantly less frequent in patients without complications, from Poland and B&H, respectively. Allele rs1004819: A was also significantly more frequent in Poles with penetrating CD. These results confirm IL23R SNPs contribution to CD susceptibility in the Polish population and suggest their impact on early age of onset and more severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Borecki
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Nermin Nusret Salkić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Trnovac bb, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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6
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Neurath MF. IL-23 in inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:1-8. [PMID: 30563755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies in recent years have identified a pivotal role of the cytokine IL-23 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: Crohn´s disease, ulcerative colitis) and colitis-associated colon cancer. Genetic studies revealed that subgroups of IBD patients have single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-23R gene suggesting that IL-23R signaling affects disease susceptibility. Furthermore, increased production of IL-23 by macrophages, dendritic cells or granulocytes has been observed in various mouse models of colitis, colitis-associated cancer and IBD patients. Moreover, in several murine models of colitis, suppression of IL-12/IL-23 p40, IL-23 p19 or IL-23R function led to marked suppression of gut inflammation. This finding was associated with reduced activation of IL-23 target cells such as T helper 17 cells, innate lymphoid cells type 3, granulocytes and natural killer cells as well as with impaired production of proinflammatory cytokines. Based on these findings, targeting of IL-23 emerges as important concept for suppression of gut inflammation and inflammation-associated cancer growth. Consistently, neutralizing antibodies against IL-12/IL-23 p40 and IL-23 p19 have been successfully used in clinical trials for therapy of Crohn´s disease and pilot studies in ulcerative colitis are ongoing. These findings underline the crucial regulatory role of IL-23 in chronic intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated cancer and indicate that therapeutic strategies aiming at IL-23 blockade may be of key relevance for future therapy of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Research Campus & Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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7
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Wei SC, Chang TA, Chao TH, Chen JS, Chou JW, Chou YH, Chuang CH, Hsu WH, Huang TY, Hsu TC, Lin CC, Lin HH, Lin JK, Lin WC, Ni YH, Shieh MJ, Shih IL, Shun CT, Tsang YM, Wang CY, Wang HY, Weng MT, Wu DC, Wu WC, Yen HH, Wong JM. Management of Crohn's disease in Taiwan: consensus guideline of the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Intest Res 2017; 15:285-310. [PMID: 28670226 PMCID: PMC5478754 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. CD is rare in Taiwan and other Asian countries, but its prevalence and incidence have been steadily increasing. A steering committee was established by the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease to formulate statements on the diagnosis and management of CD taking into account currently available evidence and the expert opinion of the committee. Thorough clinical, endoscopic, and histological assessments are required for accurate diagnosis of CD. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are complementary to endoscopic evaluation for disease staging and detecting complications. The goals of CD management are to induce and maintain remission, reduce the risk of complications, and improve quality of life. Corticosteroids are the mainstay for inducing re-mission. Immunomodulating and biologic therapies should be used to maintain remission. Patients should be evaluated for hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis infection prior to treatment and receive regular surveillance for cancer. These consensus statements are based on current local evidence with consideration of factors, and could be serve as concise and practical guidelines for supporting clinicians in the management of patients with CD in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Chang
- Department of Pathology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsin Chao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Shiun Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Hwei Chou
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsiung Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Hsu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsin Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Ming Tsang
- Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tzu Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Min Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Zhang BB, Liang Y, Yang B, Tan YJ. Association between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and the risk of Crohn's disease. J Int Med Res 2016; 45:1636-1650. [PMID: 27698206 PMCID: PMC5805181 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516662404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate studies investigating the association
between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and Crohn’s disease. Methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for all studies
focusing on the association of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease.
Combined odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for four
genetic models (allelic model: G allele versus A allele; additive model: GG
versus AA; dominant model: GA + GG versus AA; recessive model: GG versus
GA + AA) using either a random effects or fixed effects model. Results A total of 47 case–control studies involving 18 638 cases and 30 181 controls
were included in the final meta-analysis. There was a significant
association between ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease for all
four genetic models. Significant associations were also shown in subgroup
analyses when stratified by study design (population- or
hospital-based). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the ATG16L1 genotype was
significantly associated with the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jun Tan
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
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9
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Xu WD, Xie QB, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Association of Interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18584. [PMID: 26678098 PMCID: PMC4683513 DOI: 10.1038/srep18584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease (CD) report conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the IL-23R polymorphisms and CD. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) was used to estimate the strength of association. Finally, a total of 60 case-control studies in 56 articles, involving 22,820 CD patients and 27,401 healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association was found between all CD and the rs7517847 polymorphism (OR = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.659 ~ 0.741, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of the rs11209026, rs1343151, rs10489629 and rs11465804 polymorphisms indicated the same pattern as for rs7517847. Meta-analysis showed an association between the rs10889677A allele and CD (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.328 ~ 1.461, P < 0.001). Similarly, meta-analysis of the rs2201840, rs1004819, rs1495965 and rs11209032 polymorphisms revealed the same pattern as that shown by meta-analysis of rs10889677. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that IL-23R gene polymorphisms were associated with CD in the Caucasian group, but not in Asians. In summary, the meta-analysis suggests a significant association between IL-23R polymorphisms and CD, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Bing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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10
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Liu Z, Shen B. Overcoming difficulty in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease: the potential role of serological and genetic tests. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1133-41. [PMID: 26295589 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1068121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) represents a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory disorders with various phenotypes. Establishing a definite diagnosis of CD should be based upon a combined assessment of clinical, endoscopic, radiological and pathological features. Although segmental disease distribution, transmural inflammation and non-caseating epithelioid granulomas have been considered as a 'hallmarks' for CD, clear diagnosis of CD in some patients has been challenging, due to overlapping endoscopic, radiographic and histologic features with other inflammatory bowel disease-like conditions. Laboratory markers (serological and genetic tests) may provide additional clues for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD. This review focuses on the application of the currently available serological and genomic markers and in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiu Liu
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Interleukin-23R rs7517847 T/G Polymorphism Contributes to the Risk of Crohn's Disease in Caucasians: A Meta-Analysis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:279849. [PMID: 26090488 PMCID: PMC4451526 DOI: 10.1155/2015/279849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between Interleukin-23R gene polymorphism and Crohn's disease (CD) in Caucasians is still controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between this gene variant and CD risk. We retrieved the available data from EMBASE and PUBMED until May 1, 2014, and evaluated the effect of rs7517847 in Caucasians. The significant associations were confirmed between rs7517847 and CD risk in dominant models (TT/TG versus GG: OR = 1.652, 95% CI 1.277, 2.137), allelic model (T allele versus G allele: OR = 1.327, 95% CI 1.198, 1.469), homozygote comparison (TT versus GG: OR = 1.890, 95% CI 1.465, 2.437), heterozygote comparison (TG versus GG: OR = 1.509, 95% CI 1.161, 1.960), and recessive model (TT versus TG/GG: OR = 1.409, 95% CI 1.279, 1.552). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that rs7517847 is associated with the risk of CD in Caucasians. These findings show that IL-23R genes confer susceptibility to CD in the Caucasians.
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12
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ATG16L1 and IL23R variants and genetic susceptibility to crohn's disease: mode of inheritance based on meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:768-76. [PMID: 25738374 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy and regulation of IL-23 signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We studied the mode of inheritance and reviewed the association of 2 polymorphic variants of ATG16L1 and IL23R with CD. METHODS We searched the PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases (up to May 2014) for pertinent articles. We included all studies that had a case-control design, with cases having CD and controls being healthy and reported full genotype frequencies for the ATG16L1 and/or IL23R variant of interest. We quantified the relative genetic risk using the model-free approach of the generalized odds ratio metric (ORG) and reported 95% precision estimates. Also, we explored the mode of inheritance using the degree of dominance h-index. RESULTS Fifty-one studies fulfilled these requirements and were included in the analysis. These studies involved 12,762 patients and 16,735 controls evaluating the association of ATG16L1 (rs2241880 p.Thr300Ala) and 8110 patients and 11,900 controls evaluating the association of IL23R (rs11209026 p.Arg381Gln) with CD. The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with increased susceptibility to CD (combined ORG = 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.48) and a nondominant mode of inheritance (suggesting that the effect of heterozygosity lies exactly in the middle of extreme homozygotes, h = 0). The IL23R variant rs11209026 was associated with significant protection (ORG = 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.53) and a recessive mode of inheritance, indicating that the effect of a heterozygous genotype would lie close to the wild-type homozygous genotype. In subgroup analysis, the significant effects persisted across Caucasian ancestry studies and pediatric populations but were lacking across studies in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with 38% increase in the risk for CD for higher mutational load, whereas IL23R variant rs11209026 decreased the risk by 54% for higher mutational load. The mode of inheritance for ATG16L1 variant demonstrated perfect additivity for genetic risk, whereas it showed recessiveness for the IL23R variant. This analysis permits risk stratification for CD based on the mutational status and highlight the need for additional studies in certain populations.
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Serbati N, Senhaji N, Diakite B, Badre W, Nadifi S. IL23R and ATG16L1 variants in Moroccan patients with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:570. [PMID: 25159710 PMCID: PMC4162942 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Although their pathogenesis is unclear, the combination of genetic predisposition and environmental components are believed to be the main cause of these diseases. Recently, many variants in interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) and autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) genes have been associated with the disease. Our objective was to assess the frequency of ATG16L1 (T300A) and IL23R (L310P) variants in Moroccan IBD (Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis) patients and to evaluate a possible effect of these variants on disease's phenotype and clinical course. METHODS 96 Moroccan IBD patients and 114 unrelated volunteers were genotyped for ATG16L1 (T300A) and IL23R (L310P) variants by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS This is the first report on the prevalence of ATG16L1 (T300A) and IL23R (L310P) variants in a Moroccan group. We found that IL23R (L310P) variant conferred a protective effect for crohn's disease (CD) but not ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The presence of ATG16L1 (T300A) mutated alleles was associated with CD type but not with disease onset. In addition, the carriage of T300A variant alleles conferred a protective effect in UC. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the prevalence of ATG16L1 and IL23R variants was not significantly different between patients and controls. However a possible role of ATG16L1 (T300A) on CD phenotype was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Serbati
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics- Medical school of Casablanca, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, 19, rue Tarik ibn ziad, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Moon CM, Shin DJ, Son NH, Shin ES, Hong SP, Kim TI, Kim WH, Cheon JH. Genetic variants in the IL12B gene are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases in the Korean population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1588-94. [PMID: 23573954 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent genomic studies have identified genetic variants in the IL12B gene, which encodes the p40 subunit shared by interleukin 12 and interleukin 23, as susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study aimed to identify additional novel genetic variants in IL12B and investigated whether variants confer susceptibility to the development of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Korean population. METHODS To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL12B, direct sequencing of all coding exons, exon-intron boundaries, promoter region, and 5' untranslated region was performed in 24 randomly selected samples. Selected haplotype-tagging SNPs were subsequently genotyped in 493 IBD patients (245 patients with CD and 248 with UC) and 504 healthy controls. RESULTS Two haplotype-tagging SNPs (rs2288831 and rs919766) were selected through direct sequencing and were genotyped. Of them, SNP rs2288831 in the IL12B gene was significantly associated with CD susceptibility in allelic association analysis (odds ratio = 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.62; P = 0.019). This significant association with CD was also observed for a haplotype consisting of SNP rs919766 and rs2288831 (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.60; P = 0.025). However, none of IL12B SNPs were associated with UC susceptibility. Finally, no specific associations between genetic variants and disease phenotype of CD were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study is first to identify SNP rs2288831 in the IL12B gene as a susceptible variation for CD. Further studies in other ethnic groups are warranted to validate the association of this genetic variant with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zindl CL, Lai JF, Lee YK, Maynard CL, Harbour SN, Ouyang W, Chaplin DD, Weaver CT. IL-22-producing neutrophils contribute to antimicrobial defense and restitution of colonic epithelial integrity during colitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12768-73. [PMID: 23781104 PMCID: PMC3732935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300318110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-22 plays an important role in mucosal epithelial cell homeostasis. Using a dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of acute colitis, we observed an IL-23-dependent up-regulation of IL-22 in the middle and distal colon at the onset of epithelial cell damage. This heightened IL-22 correlated with an influx of innate immune cells, suggesting an important role in colonic epithelial protection. Freshly isolated colon-infiltrating neutrophils produced IL-22 contingent upon IL-23 signaling, and IL-22 production was augmented by TNF-α. Importantly, the depletion of neutrophils resulted in diminished IL-22 levels in the colon, and the transfer of IL-22-competent neutrophils to Il22a-deficient mice protected the colonic epithelium from dextran sodium sulfate-induced damage. In addition, IL-22-producing neutrophils targeted colonic epithelial cells to up-regulate the antimicrobial peptides, RegIIIβ and S100A8. This study establishes a role for neutrophils in providing IL-22-dependent mucosal epithelial support that contributes to the resolution of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene L. Zindl
- Departments of Pathology and
- Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jen-Feng Lai
- Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology and
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | | | | | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - David D. Chaplin
- Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Hu R, Huffaker TB, Kagele DA, Runtsch MC, Bake E, Chaudhuri AA, Round JL, O'Connell RM. MicroRNA-155 confers encephalogenic potential to Th17 cells by promoting effector gene expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5972-80. [PMID: 23686497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, and recently specific noncoding microRNAs have been shown to regulate their development. However, it remains unclear whether microRNAs are also involved in modulating Th17 cell effector functions. Consequently, we examined the role of miR-155 in differentiated Th17 cells during their induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we found that highly purified, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Ag-specific Th17 cells lacking miR-155 were defective in their capacity to cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Gene expression profiling of purified miR-155(-/-)IL-17F(+) Th17 cells identified a subset of effector genes that are dependent on miR-155 for their proper expression through a mechanism involving repression of the transcription factor Ets1. Among the genes reduced in the absence of miR-155 was IL-23R, resulting in miR-155(-/-) Th17 cells being hyporesponsive to IL-23. Taken together, our study demonstrates a critical role for miR-155 in Th17 cells as they unleash autoimmune inflammation and finds that this occurs through a signaling network involving miR-155, Ets1, and the clinically relevant IL-23-IL-23R pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhen Hu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Kim DJ, Kim KS, Song MY, Seo SH, Kim SJ, Yang BG, Jang MH, Sung YC. Delivery of IL-12p40 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing IL-17A expression and inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Clin Immunol 2012; 144:190-9. [PMID: 22836084 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-12p40 homodimer is a natural antagonist of IL-12 and IL-23, which are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines required for Th1 and Th17 immune responses, respectively. It has been reported that Th17 response is involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic disorder of the digestive system with steadily increasing incidence. Here, we investigated the effects of IL-12p40 delivered via recombinant adenovirus (rAd/IL-12p40) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC/IL-12p40) in a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis model. Injection of rAd/IL-12p40 or MSC/IL-12p40 efficiently attenuated colitis symptoms and tissue damage, leading to an increased survival rate. Moreover, IL-12p40 delivery suppressed IL-17A, but enhanced IFN-γ production from mesenteric lymph node cells, supporting the preferential suppression of IL-23 by IL-12p40 homodimer in vitro and the suppression of Th17 responses in vivo. Our results demonstrate that IL-12p40 delivery ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing IL-17A production and inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, providing an effective new therapeutic strategy for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Jin Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, POSTECH, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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Lin MJ, Lv XP, Chen L, Zhan LL. Correlation of R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in Zhuang population in Guangxi, China. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1210-1215. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i14.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Zhuang population in Guangxi, China.
METHODS: Intestinal tissue samples of 70 Zhuang and 76 Han unrelated IBD patients and 80 Zhuang and 84 Han unrelated healthy people were collected in Guangxi from February 2007 to October 2010. Genomic DNA was prepared from these intestinal samples and used to genotype the R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
RESULTS: None of the patients with IBD and healthy controls had heterozygous or homozygous SNP variants. The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies were not significantly different between the IBD group and healthy control group. No significant differences were noted in the NOD2/CARD15 gene R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms among patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and control subjects in Zhuang and Han populations in Guangxi (all P > 0.05). Gene mutation genotypes of the NOD2/CARD15 gene R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms were not found in these populations.
CONCLUSION: R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene are not associated with susceptibility to IBD in the Zhuang population in Guangxi.
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Interactions between IL17A, IL23R, and STAT4 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to intestinal Behcet's disease in Korean population. Life Sci 2012; 90:740-6. [PMID: 22483685 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although polymorphisms in IL23R have recently been proposed to predispose to Behcet's disease (BD), associations between IL23R polymorphisms and intestinal BD have yet to be elucidated. We therefore performed a study to evaluate whether IL17A, IL23R, and STAT4 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to intestinal BD in the Korean population. MAIN METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL17A, IL23R, and STAT4 genes were analyzed using DNA sequencing, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, and TaqMan genotyping assays. KEY FINDINGS Individual polymorphism analysis revealed that the TT genotype of IL17A rs8193036 (odds ratio (OR) 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12-3.92), p=0.021), and GG+GT genotype of IL23R rs1884444 (OR 1.92, 95% CI (1.03-3.57), p=0.034) was associated with the development of intestinal BD. When these two genotypes were combined, the risk of BD increased compared to that of patients with no-risk or one-risk genotype (OR 2.21, 95% CI (1.13-4.34), p=0.021). Furthermore, statistically significant gene-gene interactions were observed between G149R in IL23R vs. rs11685878 in STAT4, rs2275913 in IL17A vs. rs7574865 in STAT4, and rs11889341 in STAT4 vs. rs2275913 in IL17A. The haplotypes of IL17A had a positive association with intestinal BD risks, whereas those of IL23R were protective for disease development. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that the interaction of specific IL17A, IL23R, and STAT4 SNPs modulate susceptibility to intestinal BD in the Korean population, suggesting that the IL-17/23 axis plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis.
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Umeno J, Asano K, Matsushita T, Matsumoto T, Kiyohara Y, Iida M, Nakamura Y, Kamatani N, Kubo M. Meta-analysis of published studies identified eight additional common susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2407-15. [PMID: 21351207 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have a complex etiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent replication studies revealed that both diseases share some of the susceptibility loci; however, common genetic factors for both diseases are not fully elucidated. This study is aimed to identify the common genetic factors for CD and UC by a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS We first reviewed the 10 GWAS for CD to select candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Next, we performed a PubMed literature search up to June 30, 2010 and carried out a systemic review of published studies that examined the association of CD susceptibility loci in UC patients. Meta-analysis was carried out using the inverse variance-weighted method or the DerSimonian-Laird method after estimating the heterogeneity among the studies. The data for highly linked SNPs were combined. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of 43 published studies in 45 SNPs located at 33 loci by using a total of 4852 to 31,125 subjects. RESULTS We confirmed the association of 17 reported common susceptibility loci. Moreover, we found associations at eight additional loci: GCKR, ATG16L1, CDKAL1, ZNF365, LRRK2-MUC19, C13orf31, PTPN2, and SBNO2. The genetic risk of each locus was modest (odds ratios ranged from 1.05-1.22) except IL23R. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CD and UC share many susceptibility loci with small genetic effect. Our data provide further understanding of the common pathogenesis between CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Umeno
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama Institute, Japan; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pidasheva S, Trifari S, Phillips A, Hackney JA, Ma Y, Smith A, Sohn SJ, Spits H, Little RD, Behrens TW, Honigberg L, Ghilardi N, Clark HF. Functional studies on the IBD susceptibility gene IL23R implicate reduced receptor function in the protective genetic variant R381Q. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25038. [PMID: 22022372 PMCID: PMC3192060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in several populations have demonstrated significant association of the IL23R gene with IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) and psoriasis, suggesting that perturbation of the IL-23 signaling pathway is relevant to the pathophysiology of these diseases. One particular variant, R381Q (rs11209026), confers strong protection against development of CD. We investigated the effects of this variant in primary T cells from healthy donors carrying IL23R(R381) and IL23R(Q381) haplotypes. Using a proprietary anti-IL23R antibody, ELISA, flow cytometry, phosphoflow and real-time RT-PCR methods, we examined IL23R expression and STAT3 phosphorylation and activation in response to IL-23. IL23R(Q381) was associated with reduced STAT3 phosphorylation upon stimulation with IL-23 and decreased number of IL-23 responsive T-cells. We also observed slightly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion in IL23R(Q381) positive donors. Our study shows conclusively that IL23R(Q381) is a loss-of-function allele, further strengthening the implication from GWAS results that the IL-23 pathway is pathogenic in human disease. This data provides an explanation for the protective role of R381Q in CD and may lead to the development of improved therapeutics for autoimmune disorders like CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pidasheva
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SP) (SP); (HFC) (HC)
| | - Sara Trifari
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anne Phillips
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ashley Smith
- ITGR Early Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sue J. Sohn
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy W. Behrens
- ITGR Biomarker Discovery Group, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lee Honigberg
- ITGR Early Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hilary F. Clark
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SP) (SP); (HFC) (HC)
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Waterman M, Xu W, Stempak JM, Milgrom R, Bernstein CN, Griffiths AM, Greenberg GR, Steinhart AH, Silverberg MS. Distinct and overlapping genetic loci in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: correlations with pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1936-42. [PMID: 21830272 PMCID: PMC3164287 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common genotypic basis for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is implied by overlapping clinical characteristics, epidemiological studies, and association of genes with both UC and CD. We evaluated the overlap between CD and UC genetic loci stratified by pathogenetic pathways and by disease location. METHODS The allele frequencies of six UC-associated and 34 CD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in a Canadian IBD cohort (n = 2374). Differences between CD, UC, colon-only CD, ileal CD, and controls were analyzed controlling for ethnicity, age of diagnosis, and gender. RESULTS In all, 21 of 34 CD-associated SNPs had similar allele frequencies in UC (n = 1230) and CD (n = 1144). Three of six UC-associated SNPs had significantly different frequencies in CD (n = 1144). Most of the divergence in allele frequency among CD and UC was noted in NOD2/autophagy pathway SNPs, while most SNPs with similar frequencies were in IL-22/23 Th17, adaptive immunity, and barrier pathways. Colon-only CD (n = 228) was compared with healthy controls: three of six UC SNPs (in MST1, HLA-DRA, and IL-23R) and 11 of 34 CD SNPs: in IRGM, NOD2 (rs2066845), CCNY, MST1, IL23R, PTPN22, C11orf30, ZNF365, PTPN2, PSMG1, and rs1456893 were significantly associated. In all, 29 of 34 CD SNPs had similar allele frequencies in colonic CD compared with ileal CD (n = 366). All UC SNPs had similar frequencies in UC and colonic CD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CD and UC share common genetic associations related to impaired adaptive immunity and diverge in pathways of foreign antigen processing. Colon-only CD overlaps extensively with UC and considerably with ileal CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Waterman
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Toronto, ON
| | - Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON
| | - Joanne M. Stempak
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Toronto, ON
| | - Raquel Milgrom
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Anne M. Griffiths
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON,Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Gordon R. Greenberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Toronto, ON,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON
| | - A. Hillary Steinhart
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Toronto, ON,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Toronto, ON,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON
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Barrett M, Chandra SB. A review of major Crohn’s disease susceptibility genes and their role in disease pathogenesis. Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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A hospital-based study of clinical and genetic features of Crohn's disease. J Formos Med Assoc 2011; 110:600-6. [PMID: 21930071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the current incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) in Taiwan and examine its clinical/genetic characteristics because there has been a trend toward increased diagnosis in the Asia-Pacific area. The genetic background seen in CD cases in Taiwan seems to be different from that in Western countries. METHODS By reviewing the database in the National Taiwan University Hospital, CD patients were identified by clinical, endoscopic, and imaging findings. The clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of patients after obtaining informed consent. Polymerase chain reaction was performed with specific primers followed by direct sequencing to determine the single-nucleotide polymorphisms ATG16L1, CCR6, IL12B, IL23R, LRRK2, TNFSF2, and TNFSF15 CD-associated genes. RESULTS Clinical data from 110 CD patients were examined from 1988 to 2008, with a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years. There was a marked increase in new CD diagnosis, especially after 2004. Among the 110 patients, 71 men and 39 women, the age at diagnosis was 30.5±17.8 years (mean±standard deviation). Stenosis occurred in 33.6% (37 of 110) and 40.9% (45 of 110) of patients who underwent surgery. The mortality rate was 2.7%, all because of sepsis. Genetic analysis of 39 patients showed that ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 were associated with susceptibility to CD in Taiwan. CONCLUSION Recently, the incidence of CD diagnosis in Taiwan has markedly increased. ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 are associated with CD in Taiwan.
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Peter I, Mitchell AA, Ozelius L, Erazo M, Hu J, Doheny D, Abreu MT, Present DH, Ullman T, Benkov K, Korelitz BI, Mayer L, Desnick RJ. Evaluation of 22 genetic variants with Crohn's disease risk in the Ashkenazi Jewish population: a case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:63. [PMID: 21548950 PMCID: PMC3212904 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease (CD) has the highest prevalence among individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) descent compared to non-Jewish Caucasian populations (NJ). We evaluated a set of well-established CD-susceptibility variants to determine if they can explain the increased CD risk in the AJ population. Methods We recruited 369 AJ CD patients and 503 AJ controls, genotyped 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at or near 10 CD-associated genes, NOD2, IL23R, IRGM, ATG16L1, PTGER4, NKX2-3, IL12B, PTPN2, TNFSF15 and STAT3, and assessed their association with CD status. We generated genetic scores based on the risk allele count alone and the risk allele count weighed by the effect size, and evaluated their predictive value. Results Three NOD2 SNPs, two IL23R SNPs, and one SNP each at IRGM and PTGER4 were independently associated with CD risk. Carriage of 7 or more copies of these risk alleles or the weighted genetic risk score of 7 or greater correctly classified 92% (allelic count score) and 83% (weighted score) of the controls; however, only 29% and 47% of the cases were identified as having the disease, respectively. This cutoff was associated with a >4-fold increased disease risk (p < 10e-16). Conclusions CD-associated genetic risks were similar to those reported in NJ population and are unlikely to explain the excess prevalence of the disease in AJ individuals. These results support the existence of novel, yet unidentified, genetic variants unique to this population. Understanding of ethnic and racial differences in disease susceptibility may help unravel the pathogenesis of CD leading to new personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA.
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Henderson P, van Limbergen JE, Wilson DC, Satsangi J, Russell RK. Genetics of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:346-61. [PMID: 20839313 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a third of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients present in childhood or adolescence, with epidemiological and natural history studies clearly demonstrating a rising incidence in this population. Although early-onset disease has a distinct phenotype, such as more extensive disease at onset and rapid progression, two recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) carried out exclusively in this age group have demonstrated marked genetic similarities to adult disease. Although these parallels exist, this review will focus on the novel regions associated with early-onset IBD susceptibility identified by these early-onset GWAS. These new loci reaffirm the dysregulated pathways previously implicated in adult IBD pathogenesis and provide further insight into the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation. The newly identified loci and expression data suggest mutations in genes encoding IL-27, which is involved in Th17 effector cell physiology; MTMR3, which we demonstrate is an essential component of autophagy; and CAPN10, which is necessary in regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the roles of PSMG1, TNFRSF6B, ZMIZ1 and SMAD3 are also discussed in relation to abnormal protein degradation and the secondary immune response. It is clear that with increasing technology our understanding of IBD pathogenesis is deepening at the genomic level and that the use of early patient selection coupled with ongoing work on therapeutic targets will lead to improved disease-modifying treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK.
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Replication and meta-analysis of 13,000 cases defines the risk for interleukin-23 receptor and autophagy-related 16-like 1 variants in Crohn's disease. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2010; 24:297-302. [PMID: 20485703 DOI: 10.1155/2010/480458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Variants in the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and the autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) genes have been associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease (CD). Both genes were identified through genome-wide association scans and subsequent studies have validated these associations. To assess the effect size of these variants, an independent case-control association study and meta-analysis were performed. METHODS British Caucasian subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (n=500) and 877 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for the disease-associated variants in IL23R and ATG16L1. In addition, meta-analyses of 12,991 patients and 14,598 controls, and 11,909 patients and 15,798 controls, were conducted on independently published data for the associations between IL23R and ATG16L1 variants and CD, respectively. RESULTS In the present cohort, both susceptibility variants showed highly significant associations, including IL23R (rs11209026, P=0.0006; OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.67) and ATG16L1 (rs2241880, P=0.0017; OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.66). The meta-analysis based on the random effects model showed similar combined effects for rs11209026 (n=26, OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.46) and rs2241880 (n=25, OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.39). There was no statistically significant gene-gene interaction between caspase recruitment domain (CARD15) variants and the IL23R or ATG16L1 polymorphisms (P=0.44 and P=0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION The present cohort and meta-analysis provides strong evidence that, in addition to CARD15, polymorphisms in both IL23R and ATG16L1 alter susceptibility to CD and that these effects are consistent across all populations of European ancestry; however, only ATG16L1 is relevant to inflammatory bowel disease in the Asian population.
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Cheng JF, Ning YJ, Zhang W, Lu ZH, Lin L. T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1258-66. [PMID: 20222171 PMCID: PMC2839180 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i10.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association of the autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) T300A polymorphism (rs2241880) with predisposition to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by means of meta-analysis.
METHODS: Publications addressing the relationship between rs2241880/T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were selected from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. To make direct comparisons between the data collected in these studies, the individual authors were contacted when necessary to generate a standardized set of data from these studies. From these data, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: Twenty-five studies of CD were analyzed, 14 of which involved cases of UC. The variant G allele of ATG16L1 was positively associated with CD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, P < 0.00001) and UC (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, P = 0.02). For child-onset IBD, a higher G allele frequency was found for cases of CD (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.57, P = 0.0001) than for cases of UC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.81-1.19, P = 0.84) relative to controls.
CONCLUSION: The ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism contributes to susceptibility to CD and UC in adults, but different in children, which implicates a role for autophagy in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Li Y, Mao Q, Shen L, Tian Y, Yu C, Zhu WM, Li JS. Interleukin-23 receptor genetic polymorphisms and Crohn's disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:607-14. [PMID: 20157760 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate whether interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) polymorphisms were associated with Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for studies that investigated the IL-23R variants and CD risk. Meta-analysis from all eligible case-control studies was performed to assess the purported associations. RESULTS Our analysis found that variant minor alleles for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11209026 (Arg381Gln) (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.37-0.50)) and rs7517847 (G/G vs. T/T, P < 0.00001, OR = 0.49, 95% CI (0.38-0.64); G/G vs. T/G + T/T, (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.44-0.72); T/G + G/G vs. T/T, (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.64-0.79) of IL-23R were inversely associated with CD risk; sensitivity analysis also indicated that Caucasian population with a variant of Arg381Gln has a decreased risk for developing CD (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.36-0.50)). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis supports that two polymorphisms (Arg381Gln and rs7517847) within the IL-23R gene may be considered to be protective factors against developing CD. Further large case-control studies especially concerning ethnicity differences and genotype-phenotype interaction should be performed to clarify possible roles of IL-23R in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Melum E, Franke A, Karlsen TH. Genome-wide association studies - A summary for the clinical gastroenterologist. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5377-96. [PMID: 19916168 PMCID: PMC2778094 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been applied to various gastrointestinal and liver diseases in recent years. A large number of susceptibility genes and key biological pathways in disease development have been identified. So far, studies in inflammatory bowel diseases, and in particular Crohn’s disease, have been especially successful in defining new susceptibility loci using the GWAS design. The identification of associations related to autophagy as well as several genes involved in immunological response will be important to future research on Crohn’s disease. In this review, key methodological aspects of GWAS, the importance of proper cohort collection, genotyping issues and statistical methods are summarized. Ways of addressing the shortcomings of the GWAS design, when it comes to rare variants, are also discussed. For each of the relevant conditions, findings from the various GWAS are summarized with a focus on the affected biological systems.
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