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Jin X, Liu L, Liu D, Wu J, Wang C, Wang S, Wang F, Yu G, Jin X, Xue YW, Jiang D, Ni Y, Yang X, Wang MS, Wang ZW, Orlov YL, Jia W, Melino G, Liu JB, Chen WL. Unveiling the methionine cycle: a key metabolic signature and NR4A2 as a methionine-responsive oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:558-573. [PMID: 38570607 PMCID: PMC11094133 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly malignancy with notable metabolic reprogramming, yet the pivotal metabolic feature driving ESCC progression remains elusive. Here, we show that methionine cycle exhibits robust activation in ESCC and is reversely associated with patient survival. ESCC cells readily harness exogenous methionine to generate S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM), thus promoting cell proliferation. Mechanistically, methionine augments METTL3-mediated RNA m6A methylation through SAM and revises gene expression. Integrative omics analysis highlights the potent influence of methionine/SAM on NR4A2 expression in a tumor-specific manner, mediated by the IGF2BP2-dependent stabilization of methylated NR4A2 mRNA. We demonstrate that NR4A2 facilitates ESCC growth and negatively impacts patient survival. We further identify celecoxib as an effective inhibitor of NR4A2, offering promise as a new anti-ESCC agent. In summary, our findings underscore the active methionine cycle as a critical metabolic characteristic in ESCC, and pinpoint NR4A2 as a novel methionine-responsive oncogene, thereby presenting a compelling target potentially superior to methionine restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226300, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Digital Content Research Institute, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226300, China
| | - Yu-Wen Xue
- Pathology department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Pathology department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Ni
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Ming-Song Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Breast, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuriy L Orlov
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Life Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, China
| | - Wen-Lian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Diether NE, Hulshof TG, Willing BP, van Kempen TATG. A blend of medium-chain fatty acids, butyrate, organic acids, and a phenolic compound accelerates microbial maturation in newly weaned piglets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289214. [PMID: 37506070 PMCID: PMC10381057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of additive blends is a common dietary strategy to manage post-weaning diarrhea and performance in piglets. However, there is limited mechanistic data on how these additives improve outcomes during this period. To evaluate the effects of Presan FX (MCOA) on the intestinal microbiota and metabolome, diets with or without 0.2% MCOA were compared. Pigs fed MCOA showed improved whole-body metabolism 7 days post-weaning, with decreased (P < 0.05) creatine, creatinine and β-hydroxybutyrate. Alterations in bile-associated metabolites and cholic acid were also observed at the same time-point (P < 0.05), suggesting MCOA increased bile acid production and secretion. Increased cholic acid was accompanied by increased tryptophan metabolites including indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) in systemic circulation (P = 0.004). An accompanying tendency toward increased Lactobacillus sp. in the small intestine was observed (P = 0.05). Many lactobacilli have bile acid tolerance mechanisms and contribute to production of IPA, suggesting increased bile acid production resulted in increased abundance of lactobacilli capable of tryptophan fermentation. Tryptophan metabolism is associated with the mature pig microbiota and many tryptophan metabolites such as IPA are considered beneficial to gut barrier function. In conclusion, MCOA may help maintain tissue metabolism and aid in microbiota re-assembly through bile acid production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Diether
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Prades N, Varela E, Flamarique I, Deulofeu R, Baeza I. Water-soluble vitamin insufficiency, deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:85-107. [PMID: 35034564 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is fundamental for brain development, but relatively little is known about water-soluble vitamin (WSV) levels and the effect of supplementation on psychiatry symptoms in children and adolescents (CAD) with psychiatric disorders. Our team systematically reviewed all studies concerning WSV abnormalities or supplementation in CAD with any psychiatric disorder. We searched for original studies published between 1990 and 15/05/2020 which were not based on retrospective chart review and which included WSV blood level measurements or investigated the effect of WSV supplementation on psychiatric symptoms in psychiatric patients aged 18 or under. Forty-two articles were included, 69% of which (N = 29) examined Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), with most of these assessing folate or vitamin B12 supplementation (N = 22, 75.9% of ASD studies). Meta-analyses showed significantly lower vitamin B12 levels in ASD and ADHD patients vs. healthy controls (HC), while folate levels were higher in ADHD patients vs. HC. Most of the studies (9/10, 90%) showed a decrease in symptoms as measured by clinical scales after supplementation. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies, however many found different types of vitamin abnormalities in CAD with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Itziar Flamarique
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clínic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Deulofeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Centre de Diagnostic Biomèdic Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clínic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Restrictions and supplementations effects of vitamins B6, B9 and B12 on growth, vasculogenesis and senescence of BG01V human embryonic stem cell derived embryoid bodies. NUTR CLIN METAB 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Association of Serum Vitamin B6 with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092977. [PMID: 34578855 PMCID: PMC8472743 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little evidence regarding the association between serum vitamin B6 concentration and subsequent mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamin B6 concentration with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the general population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our study examined 12,190 adults participating in NHANES from 2005 to 2010 in the United States. The mortality status was linked to National Death Index (NDI) records up to 31 December 2015. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 status was defined as deficient (PLP < 20 nmol/L), insufficient (PLP ≥ 20.0 and <30.0 nmol/L), and sufficient (PLP ≥ 30.0 nmol/L). We established Cox proportional-hazards models to estimate the associations of categorized vitamin B6 concentration and log-transformed PLP concentration with all-cause and cause-specific mortality by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). In our study, serum vitamin B6 was sufficient in 70.6% of participants, while 12.8% of the subjects were deficient in vitamin B6. During follow-up, a total of 1244 deaths were recorded, including 294 cancer deaths and 235 CVD deaths. After multivariate adjustment in Cox regression, participants with higher serum vitamin B6 had a 15% (HR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.77, 0.93) reduced risk of all-cause mortality and a 19% (HR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.68, 0.98) reduced risk for CVD mortality for each unit increment in natural log-transformed PLP. A higher log-transformed PLP was not significantly associated with a lower risk for cancer mortality. Compared with sufficient vitamin B6, deficient (HR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.17, 1.60) and insufficient (HR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.38) vitamin B6 level were significantly associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality. There was no significant association for cause-specific mortality. Participants with higher levels of vitamin B6 had a lower risk for all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining a sufficient level of serum vitamin B6 may lower the all-cause mortality risk in the general population.
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6
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Williams BA, Mayer C, McCartney H, Devlin AM, Lamers Y, Vercauteren SM, Wu JK, Karakochuk CD. Detectable Unmetabolized Folic Acid and Elevated Folate Concentrations in Folic Acid-Supplemented Canadian Children With Sickle Cell Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:642306. [PMID: 33968971 PMCID: PMC8096995 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.642306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy caused by a variant (rs344) in the HBB gene encoding the β-globin subunit of hemoglobin. Chronic hemolytic anemia and increased erythropoiesis and RBC turnover in individuals with SCD can result in increased needs for folate and other B-vitamins. We assessed B-vitamin status, and the distribution of folate forms, including unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA), in Canadian children with SCD supplemented with 1 mg/d folic acid (current routine practice). Non-fasted serum and plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of folate, and vitamins B-2, B-6, and B-12. Eleven individuals (45% male; SCD type: HbSS n = 8, HbSC n = 2, HbSβ0-Thal n = 1), with a median (IQR) age of 14 (7, 18) years, were included. Total folate concentrations were 3-27 times above the deficiency cut-off (10 nmol/L), and 64% of children had elevated folate levels (>45.3 nmol/L). UMFA (>0.23 nmol/L) was detected in all children, and 36% of participants had elevated levels of UMFA (>5.4 nmol/L). All children were vitamin B-12 sufficient (>150 pmol/L), and the majority (55%) had sufficient B-6 status (>30 nmol/L). Among this sample of Canadian children with SCD, there was limited evidence of B-vitamin deficiencies, but UMFA was detectable in all children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A Williams
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cara Mayer
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather McCartney
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela M Devlin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Vercauteren
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John K Wu
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Baart AM, Balvers MGJ, de Vries JHM, Ten Haaf DSM, Hopman MTE, Klein Gunnewiek JMT. Relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in 873 adults with a physically active lifestyle: a cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:324-333. [PMID: 32955764 PMCID: PMC8048838 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 and folate function as co-factors in pathways used during physical activity. Physical activity may therefore increase vitamin requirements, leading to a risk of deficient plasma concentrations. We aimed to investigate the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in physically active adults, as well as identify other determinants of vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations. METHODS The study population consisted of 873 adults (528 men and 345 women), aged 19-78 years, who participated in a 4-day walking event. The relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate was assessed using correlation and linear regression analyses. In addition, potential other determinants (sex, age, body mass index, energy intake and physical activity) of vitamin plasma concentrations were investigated. RESULTS Significant positive correlations were observed between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 [Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.08-0.21] and folate (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.12-0.25). In addition to vitamin intake, sex, age and energy intake were also determinants of both vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations in multivariable regression models. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a positive association between intake and plasma concentrations for both vitamin B12 and folate in physically active people. By contrast to our hypothesis, physical activity was not a determinant of vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations. However, sex, age and energy intake were found to be determinants. Thus, when studying the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 or folate, these factors should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Baart
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - M G J Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - J H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D S M Ten Haaf
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J M T Klein Gunnewiek
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
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8
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Feasibility of Mass-Spectrometry to Lower Cost and Blood Volume Requirements for Assessment of B Vitamins in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060240. [PMID: 32531925 PMCID: PMC7345798 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery induces deficiencies in a combination of B vitamins. However, high costs and a large blood volume requirement are barriers to routine screening. We adapted and validated a method coupling tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to facilitate cost-effective analysis for simultaneous detection of B vitamins in low volumes of plasma. Based on existing methods, pooled plasma was extracted using hexane and acetonitrile and seven B vitamin analytes were separated using HPLC. Detection was performed with an Agilent 6460 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. We evaluated linearity, recovery, precision, and limit of detection, as well as costs of the assay. We evaluated seven B vitamins from plasma; five (riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and biotin) were detected and quantified with precision and linearity. Recovery ranged from 63 to 81% for each of the vitamins, except for nicotinamide—the recovery of which was suppressed to 40%, due to plasma matrix effects. We demonstrated the feasibility of the HPLC–MS/MS method for use in patients who undergo bariatric surgery by analyzing pooled plasma from patients with a lower cost and blood volume than had we sent the samples to a commercial laboratory. It is advantageous and feasible, in terms of low cost and blood volume requirement, to simultaneously measure plasma concentrations of B vitamins using HPLC–MS/MS. With further improvements, the method may enable personalized nutritional assessment for the nutritionally compromised, bariatric surgery population.
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Ulvik A, Midttun Ø, McCann A, Meyer K, Tell G, Nygård O, Ueland PM. Tryptophan catabolites as metabolic markers of vitamin B-6 status evaluated in cohorts of healthy adults and cardiovascular patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:178-186. [PMID: 31557280 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B-6 status is routinely measured as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in plasma. Low concentrations of PLP are associated with rheumatic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic diseases. We have previously shown that vitamin B-6 status affects the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the use of Kyns as potential markers of functional vitamin B-6 status across 2 large cohorts. METHODS We measured circulating concentrations of the first 6 metabolites in the Trp catabolic pathway by LC-MS-MS in the community-based Hordaland Health Study (HUSK; n = 7017) and cardiovascular patient-based Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC; n = 4161). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of plasma PLP with Kyns were estimated using linear and nonlinear regression-based methods. RESULTS 3'-Hydroxykynurenine (HK), a substrate, and all 4 products formed directly by the PLP-dependent enzymes kynurenine transaminase and kynureninase contributed to the explanation of circulating PLP in multivariable-adjusted regression models. The construct HK:(kynurenic acid + xanthurenic acid + 3'-hydroxyanthranilic acid + anthranilic acid), termed HK ratio (HKr), was related to plasma PLP with standardized regression coefficients (95% CIs) of -0.47 (-0.49, -0.45) and -0.46 (-0.49, -0.43) in HUSK and WECAC, respectively. Across strata of cohort and sex, HKr was 1.3- to 2.7-fold more sensitive, but also 1.7- to 2.9-fold more specific to changes in PLP than a previously proposed marker, HK:xanthurenic acid. Notably, the association was strongest at PLP concentrations < ∼20 nmol/L, a recognized threshold for vitamin B-6 deficiency. Finally, PLP and HKr demonstrated highly sex-specific and corroborating associations with age. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that by combining 5 metabolites in the Kyn pathway into a simple index, HKr, a sensitive and specific indicator of intracellular vitamin B-6 status is obtained. The data also underscore the merit of evaluating alterations in Kyn metabolism when investigating vitamin B-6 and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grethe Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Mujica-Coopman MF, Farias DR, Franco-Sena AB, Vaz JS, Kac G, Lamers Y. Maternal Plasma Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Concentration Is Inversely Associated with Plasma Cystathionine Concentration across All Trimesters in Healthy Pregnant Women. J Nutr 2019; 149:1354-1362. [PMID: 31098628 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B-6 (B-6), in the form of pyridoxal 5'phosphate (PLP), is critical for one-carbon metabolism reactions and cellular function. Plasma PLP concentration decreases throughout pregnancy, but the functional consequences of this have not been studied. Plasma cystathionine is a sensitive indicator of suboptimal B-6 status in healthy adults. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the relation between plasma PLP and cystathionine concentrations, and to assess longitudinal changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites of one-carbon metabolism, including total homocysteine (tHcy), cysteine, methionine, glycine, serine, and glutathione, over the course of pregnancy. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of 186 healthy Brazilian pregnant women (20-40 y). Plasma PLP and metabolite concentrations were quantified in fasting maternal blood samples collected between 5-13, 20-26, and 30-36 weeks of gestation. Linear mixed regression models were used to determine the association of 1) first-trimester PLP tertiles, and 2) the variation of PLP concentration throughout pregnancy, with related metabolite concentrations across weeks of gestation. RESULTS Median (IQR) PLP concentration decreased from 36.2 (29.2-44.5) to 21.0 (15.9-26.0) to 16.8 (12.9-21.4) nmol/L in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively, whereas cystathionine concentration increased from 63.2 (49.7-78.9) to 122 (98.0-167) to 143 (114-193) nmol/L, respectively (both P < 0.001). The variation of PLP throughout pregnancy was inversely associated with cystathionine concentration across weeks of gestation, after adjusting for confounding factors; β (95% CI) = -0.387 (-0.752, -0.219), P = 0.04. This association significantly differed by trimester and was strongest in the third trimester. Plasma concentrations of glycine, serine, methionine, cysteine, and tHcy decreased, and that of glutathione increased, between the first and second trimesters (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The variation of PLP concentration predicted cystathionine concentration throughout pregnancy. Increases in plasma cystathionine across trimesters may reflect maternal intracellular B-6 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Mujica-Coopman
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dayana R Farias
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana B Franco-Sena
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Emília de Jesus Ferreiro Nutrition School, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Vaz
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Ströhle A, Richter M, González‐Gross M, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Wagner K, Leschik‐Bonnet E, Egert S. The Revised D-A-CH-Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B 12 : Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801178. [PMID: 30657638 PMCID: PMC6590120 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland are the joint editors of the "D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake", which are revised regularly. METHODS AND RESULTS By reviewing vitamin-B12 -related biomarker studies, the reference values for vitamin B12 were revised in 2018. For adults, the estimated intake is based on the adequate serum concentrations of holotranscobalamin and methylmalonic acid. The estimated values for children and adolescents are extrapolated from the adult reference value by considering differences in body mass, an allometric exponent, and growth factors. For infants below 4 months of age, an estimated value is set based on the vitamin B12 intake via breast milk. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the fetus and for loss via breast milk. The estimated values for vitamin B12 intake for infants, children, and adolescents range from 0.5 to 4.0 µg d-1 . For adults, the estimated values are set at 4.0 µg d-1 , and for pregnant and lactating women, they are set at 4.5 and 5.5 µg d-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the data of several vitamin B12 status biomarkers studies, the reference value for vitamin B12 intake for adults is raised from 3.0 to 4.0 µg d-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ströhle
- Institute of Food Science and Human NutritionLeibniz University HannoverAm Kleinen Felde 3030167HannoverGermany
| | - Margrit Richter
- German Nutrition Society (DGE)Godesberger Allee 1853175BonnGermany
| | - Marcela González‐Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversidad Politécnica de Madridc/ Martín Fierro 728040MadridSpain
| | | | - Karl‐Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | | | - Sarah Egert
- German Nutrition Society (DGE)Godesberger Allee 1853175BonnGermany
- Institute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstr. 1270599StuttgartGermany
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12
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Abstract
Optimising micronutrient status globally is a major health priority. Nutritional biomarkers are critical for the identification of nutrient inadequacies in light of the limitations of dietary assessment methods. Early diagnosis and prevention of nutrient inadequacies require sensitive, validated and harmonised methods to determine and monitor micronutrient status in individual healthcare and population-based surveys. Important criteria in the identification, validation and implementation of nutritional biomarkers include the testing of biomarker specificity and sensitivity, and their response to dietary as well as physiologic changes, e.g. age or pregnancy. Nutritional status can be categorised into deficient, suboptimal, adequate and excess status, where appropriate, and provided cut-offs are available. Cut-offs are quantitative measures to reflect health outcomes and are important in validating nutritional surveys, interventions and monitoring of populations. For many biomarkers, available cut-offs have limited interpretability and are most commonly derived in adult populations only. For the comparison of studies from across the globe, the harmonisation of analytical methods is essential and can be realised with the use of internationally available reference material and interlaboratory comparison studies. This narrative review describes current efforts on identifying and validating existing and new biomarkers, the derivation of biomarker cut-offs, and international efforts on harmonisation of laboratory methods for biomarker quantitation and their interpretation, in the example of B-vitamins. Establishing sensitive, reliable and cost-efficient biomarkers and related cut-offs for use in populations across the globe are critical to facilitating the early diagnosis of micronutrient inadequacies on the clinical and community-based level for timely intervention and disease prevention.
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13
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Stamm RA, March KM, Karakochuk CD, Gray AR, Brown RC, Green TJ, Houghton LA. Lactating Canadian Women Consuming 1000 µg Folic Acid Daily Have High Circulating Serum Folic Acid Above a Threshold Concentration of Serum Total Folate. J Nutr 2018; 148:1103-1108. [PMID: 29901753 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of high-dose folic acid supplements is common throughout pregnancy and lactation in several countries, including Canada, Brazil, and the United States, and may lead to high levels of circulating unmetabolized folic acid. Objective The objective of the study was to characterize serum and whole-blood folate forms in Canadian lactating women regularly consuming a daily high-dose folic acid supplement. Methods One-hundred and seventeen Canadian lactating women aged between 18 and 42 y, with a geometric mean ± SD prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) of 23.1 ± 1.2, were enrolled in a vitamin D supplementation trial between 13 and 22 wk of gestation. As part of the trial, the women received a daily multivitamin containing 1000 µg folic acid throughout pregnancy and lactation until 8 wk postpartum. At 8 wk postpartum, serum folate forms, including folic acid and RBC total folate, were determined from nonfasted blood samples. Differences in median folate vitamer concentrations among quintiles of serum total folate status were assessed by the Wald test and quantile regression methods. A breakpoint in the relation between serum folic acid and serum total folate was modeled with the use of the segmented package in R. Results Median serum total folate concentration among participants was 79.3 nmol/L (5th-95th percentile 30.7-186 nmol/L) and median RBC folate concentration was 2790 nmol/L (5th-95th percentile 1330-4850 nmol/L). There was a breakpoint in the relation between serum total folate and serum folic acid at 78.5 nmol/L (95% CI: 67.9, 89.1 nmol/L), below which serum folic acid was not associated with serum total folate, and above which serum folic acid increased 0.78 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.70, 0.86 nmol/L; P < 0.001) for each 1 nmol/L increase in serum total folate. Conclusions These data demonstrate the potential for high serum folic acid concentrations proportional to overall folate concentrations in lactating women with serum total folate >80 nmol/L taking high-dose supplemental folic acid. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01112891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Stamm
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Kaitlin M March
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Biostatistics Unit, Dean's Office, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim J Green
- Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, and Healthy Mothers, Babies, and Children's Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Treatment dose and the elimination rates of electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements during continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1143-1149. [PMID: 29611144 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During continuous renal replacement therapy, achievement of recommended treatment dose is important. However, relevant substrate loss may occur and recommended nutrition during critical illness could not be sufficient for higher dialysis doses. We investigated the correlation of dialysis dose and substrate loss for a broad range of dialysis doses. METHODS Forty critically ill patients with acute kidney injury undergoing citrate CVVHD were included in this prospective study. Three different corresponding blood flow (BF) and dialysate flow (DF) rates were applied (BF/DF: 100 ml/min, 2000 ml/h; 80 ml/min, 1500 ml/h; 120 ml/min, 2500 ml/h). Delivered effluent flow rate (DEFR) was calculated and correlated with losses of vitamins, electrolytes, and trace elements during recommended nutritional supplementation. RESULTS For folic acid, vitamin B12, zinc, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium, no correlation of losses and DEFR was detected. For ionized calcium, a correlation was observed and additional substitution was required. CONCLUSION Clinically relevant loss of folic acid, vitamin B12, zinc, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium was not observed for differently used dialysis doses of CVVHD, and the loss was covered sufficiently by daily recommended nutritional supplementation. Increased loss of ionized calcium for higher dialysis doses occurred during citrate CVVHD. Therefore, a strict protocol must maintain calcium homeostasis to avoid calcium depletion.
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15
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The effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide under distinct folic acid conditions: An in vitro study using cultured human trophoblast-derived cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:33-42. [PMID: 29425713 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by high maternal blood pressure, fetal growth restriction and intrauterine hypoxia. Folic acid is a vitamin required during pregnancy. In this work, we investigated the relationship between preeclampsia and the intake of distinct doses of folic acid during pregnancy. Considering that preeclampsia is associated with increased placental oxidative stress levels, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH) in human trophoblast-derived cells cultured upon deficient/low, physiological and supra-physiological folic acid levels. The negative effect of TBH upon thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total, reduced and oxidized glutathione, cell viability, cell proliferation, culture growth and cell migration was more marked under folic acid excess. This study suggests more attention on the dose administered, and ultimately, on the overall folic acid levels during pregnancy, in the context of preeclampsia risk.
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16
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Ulvik A, Hustad S, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Nygård OK, Ueland PM. Ratios of One-Carbon Metabolites Are Functional Markers of B-Vitamin Status in a Norwegian Coronary Angiography Screening Cohort. J Nutr 2017; 147:1167-1173. [PMID: 28381531 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.244657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional (metabolic) markers of B-vitamin status, including plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) for folate and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) for vitamin B-12, suffer from moderate sensitivity and poor specificity. Ratios of metabolites belonging to the same pathway may have better performance characteristics.Objective: We evaluated the ratios of tHcy to total cysteine (tCys; Hcy:Cys), tHcy to creatinine (Hcy:Cre), and tHcy to tCys to creatinine (Hcy:Cys:Cre) as functional markers of B-vitamin status represented by a summary score composed of folate, cobalamin, betaine, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and riboflavin concentrations measured in plasma.Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a cohort of patients with stable angina pectoris (2994 men and 1167 women) aged 21-88 y. The relative contribution of the B-vitamin score, age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and markers of renal function and inflammation to the variance of the functional B-vitamin markers was calculated by using multiple linear regression.Results: Compared with tHcy alone, Hcy:Cys, Hcy:Cre, and Hcy:Cys:Cre all showed improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting plasma B-vitamin status. Improvements in overall performance ranged from 4-fold for Hcy:Cys to ∼8-fold for Hcy:Cys:Cre and were particularly strong in subjects with the common 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CC genotype.Conclusions: Ratios of tHcy to tCys and/or creatinine showed a severalfold improvement over tHcy alone as functional markers of B-vitamin status in Norwegian coronary angiography screenees. The biological rationale for these ratios is discussed in terms of known properties of enzymes involved in the catabolism of homocysteine and synthesis of creatine and creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steinar Hustad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Ottar K Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Plumptre L, Masih SP, Sohn KJ, Kim D, Visentin CE, Ly A, Berger H, Croxford R, O'Connor DL, Kim YI. Suboptimal maternal and cord plasma pyridoxal 5' phosphate concentrations are uncommon in a cohort of Canadian pregnant women and newborn infants. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 14. [PMID: 28544455 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is important in fetal development, but little is known of the vitamin B6 status of pregnant women and newborns in North America and potential modifying factors. This prospective study determined maternal and cord plasma concentrations of pyridoxal 5' phosphate (PLP; an indicator of vitamin B6 status) in a convenience sample of 368 Canadian pregnant women and their newborns. The association of maternal intake of vitamin B6 and fetal genetic variants with cord plasma PLP and homocysteine concentrations was also examined. Dietary and supplemental intakes of vitamin B6 were assessed in early and mid to late pregnancy. PLP concentrations were measured in maternal plasma in early pregnancy and at delivery, and in cord plasma. Six fetal variants of the MTHFR and CβS genes were assessed for their association with cord plasma PLP and homocysteine concentrations. Geometric mean (95% CI) PLP concentrations were 107 (98, 116) nmol/L in early pregnancy and 58 (53, 62) nmol/L at delivery, respectively, and 296 (275, 319) nmol/L in cord blood (p < .0001). During early pregnancy and at delivery, 3.6% and 5.5% of women had plasma PLP concentrations <20 nmol/L, respectively. Ninety eight percent of the women with supplemental B6 intake of at least the recommended dietary allowance had PLP concentrations >20 nmol/L. Fetal genetic variants were not associated with cord PLP and homocysteine concentrations. Vitamin B6 deficiency is uncommon in a cohort of Canadian pregnant women due largely to prevalent vitamin B6 supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Plumptre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon P Masih
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Jin Sohn
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly E Visentin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Ly
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Michael's Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Croxford
- Freelance Statistics Consultant, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Young-In Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Ueland PM, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A. Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 53:10-27. [PMID: 27593095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), serves as a co-factor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions. Plasma PLP has consistently been shown to be low in inflammatory conditions; there is a parallel reduction in liver PLP, but minor changes in erythrocyte and muscle PLP and in functional vitamin B6 biomarkers. Plasma PLP also predicts the risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and some cancers, and is inversely associated with numerous inflammatory markers in clinical and population-based studies. Vitamin B6 intake and supplementation improve some immune functions in vitamin B6-deficient humans and experimental animals. A possible mechanism involved is mobilization of vitamin B6 to the sites of inflammation where it may serve as a co-factor in pathways producing metabolites with immunomodulating effects. Relevant vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory pathways include vitamin B6 catabolism, the kynurenine pathway, sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism, the transsulfuration pathway, and serine and glycine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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19
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Ho CL, Quay TAW, Devlin AM, Lamers Y. Prevalence and Predictors of Low Vitamin B6 Status in Healthy Young Adult Women in Metro Vancouver. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090538. [PMID: 27598193 PMCID: PMC5037525 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low periconceptional vitamin B6 (B6) status has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and early pregnancy loss. Given many pregnancies are unplanned; it is important for women to maintain an adequate B6 status throughout reproductive years. There is limited data on B6 status in Canadian women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of B6 deficiency and predictors of B6 status in young adult women in Metro Vancouver. We included a convenience sample of young adult non-pregnant women (19–35 years; n = 202). Vitamin B6 status was determined using fasting plasma concentrations of pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP). Mean (95% confidence interval) plasma PLP concentration was 61.0 (55.2, 67.3) nmol/L. The prevalence of B6 deficiency (plasma PLP < 20 nmol/L) was 1.5% and that of suboptimal B6 status (plasma PLP = 20–30 nmol/L) was 10.9%. Body mass index, South Asian ethnicity, relative dietary B6 intake, and the use of supplemental B6 were significant predictors of plasma PLP. The combined 12.4% prevalence of B6 deficiency and suboptimal status was lower than data reported in US populations and might be due to the high socioeconomic status of our sample. More research is warranted to determine B6 status in the general Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Ho
- Food Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Teo A W Quay
- Food Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Angela M Devlin
- Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Fraser Health Authority, 10334 152A St, Surrey, BC V3R 7P8, Canada.
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20
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Ulvik A, Pedersen ER, Svingen GF, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Nygård O, Ueland PM. Vitamin B-6 catabolism and long-term mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1417-25. [PMID: 27169836 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin B-6 status has been related to increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is a condition that is associated with inflammation. The most common status marker, plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), decreases during inflammation; therefore, causal relations are uncertain. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the vitamin B-6 biomarkers PLP, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid (PA) and the pyridoxic acid:(pyridoxal + PLP) ratio (PAr), a proposed marker of vitamin B-6 catabolism during activated cellular immunity, as predictors of mortality. DESIGN Associations with risks of long-term all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were evaluated with the use of Cox regression in patients who were undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris (SAP) (n = 4131) and an independent cohort of patients who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 3665). RESULTS Plasma PLP (AMI patients only) and PA predicted all-cause mortality in models that were adjusted for established risk predictors, but associations were attenuated or nonsignificant after additional adjustment for inflammatory markers. PAr was correlated with biomarkers of inflammation (Pearson's r ≥ 0.37) and predicted all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality after adjustment for established risk predictors. In SAP patients, PAr had greater predictive strength than did current smoking, diabetes, hypertension, apolipoproteins, or C-reactive protein. PAr provided multiadjusted HRs per SD of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.30, 1.63) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.41) in SAP and AMI patients, respectively. In both cohorts, PAr was a particularly strong predictor of all-cause mortality for patients with no previous CAD history (P-interaction ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSION PAr may capture unique aspects of inflammatory activation and thus provide new insights into disease mechanisms that may aid in identifying patients at increased risk of future fatal events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Gard Ft Svingen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
| | | | | | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and Department of Heart Disease and
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and Laboratory of Ok Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Katre P, Joshi S, Bhat DS, Deshmukh M, Gurav N, Pandit S, Lubree H, Marczewski S, Bennett C, Gruca L, Kalyanaraman K, Naik SS, Yajnik CS, Kalhan SC. Effect of multi-nutrient insufficiency on markers of one carbon metabolism in young women: response to a methionine load. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:687-93. [PMID: 26373967 PMCID: PMC4794418 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Multi-nutrient insufficiencies as a consequence of nutritional and economic factors are common in India and other developing countries. We have examined the impact of multi-nutrient insufficiency on markers of one carbon (1C) metabolism in the blood, and response to a methionine load in clinically healthy young women. SUBJECTS/METHODS Young women from Pune, India (n=10) and Cleveland, USA (n=13) were studied. Blood samples were obtained in the basal state and following an oral methionine load (50 mg/kg of body weight in orange juice). Plasma concentrations of vitamin B12, folate and B6 were measured in the basal state. The effect of methionine load on the levels of methionine, total homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione and amino acids was examined. RESULTS Indian women were significantly shorter and lighter compared with the American women and had lower plasma concentration of vitamins B12, folate and B6, essential amino acids and glutathione, but higher concentration of total homocysteine. The homocysteine response to methionine load was higher in Indian women. The plasma concentrations of glycine and serine increased in the Indian women after methionine (in juice) load. A significant negative correlation between plasma B6 and homocysteine (r= -0.70), and plasma folate and glycine and serine levels were observed in the Indian group (P<0.05) but not in the American group. CONCLUSIONS Multi-nutrient insufficiency in the Indian women caused unique changes in markers of whole body protein and 1C metabolism. These data would be useful in developing nutrient intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Katre
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - S Joshi
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - D S Bhat
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - M Deshmukh
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - N Gurav
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - S Pandit
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - H Lubree
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - S Marczewski
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Bennett
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Gruca
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - K Kalyanaraman
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - S S Naik
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - C S Yajnik
- Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - S C Kalhan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Lourdudoss C, Hafström I, Frostegård J, van Vollenhoven R. The association between diet and glucocorticoid treatment in patients with SLE. Lupus Sci Med 2016; 3:e000135. [PMID: 26848399 PMCID: PMC4731837 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Some studies suggest that the risk for and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be modified by certain nutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diet and glucocorticoid (GC) treatment, as a proxy for disease activity, in patients with SLE. Methods We included 111 patients with SLE from the SLE Vascular Impact Cohort (SLEVIC). Dietary data were linked with data on GC treatment during a 2-year period. The association between diet and GC treatment was analysed with logistic regression. GC treatment and unchanged/increased doses were considered a proxy for active SLE. Results During the 2-year period, 54 patients (48.6%) had continued GC treatment. Dietary vitamin D was associated with GC treatment (OR=2.70–2.85 (95% CI 1.00 to 8.11)), whereas alcohol was inversely associated with GC treatment (OR=0.28–0.39 (95% CI 0.10 to 98)). Beta-carotene, fatty acid C18:2 and vitamin B6 were inversely associated with unchanged/increased GC dose (OR=0.29–0.30 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.90)). Finally, total energy intake was associated with GC doses >5.0 mg/day and >7.5 mg/day, explaining a direct association between 35 nutrients and higher GC dose levels (OR=2.98–23.82 (95% CI 1.01 to 203.88)). Discussion Dietary vitamin D did not protect against lupus activity. Beta-carotene, fatty acid C18:2 and vitamin B6 may protect against increased GC dose. The inverse association between alcohol intake and GC treatment/lupus activity may provide a partial explanation for the link between moderate alcohol intake and reduced risk of SLE. The association between higher dietary intake and higher GC dose levels indicated GC's influence on increasing appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Department of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Oosterink JE, Naninck EF, Korosi A, Lucassen PJ, van Goudoever JB, Schierbeek H. Accurate measurement of the essential micronutrients methionine, homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12, B9 and their metabolites in plasma, brain and maternal milk of mice using LC/MS ion trap analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Comparison of four automated serum vitamin B12 assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:1205-13. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDiagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency is generally based on the measurement of serum vitamin B12 levels. However, in selected cases functional indices of vitamin B12, such as methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HCY), are needed. Here we compare the performance of four automated total vitamin B12 assays and also investigate how these assays relate to functional indices of vitamin B12 status.Total vitamin B12, MMA and HCY were measured in 69 serum samples from routine vitamin B12 assay requests. Serum vitamin B12 analysis was performed using four different immunoassay autoanalyzers: DxI 800 Unicel (Beckman Coulter, USA), ADVIA Centaur XP (Siemens Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA), Roche Cobas E601 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), Architect i2000sr (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). Serum MMA levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and serum homocysteine levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods.Four immunoassay methods were comparable and correlated with each other. Correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.898 to 0.987, p<0.001. Highest correlation was observed between Roche Cobas – Architect i2000sr and poorest correlation was observed between DxI 800 Unicel – ADVIA Centaur comparison. DxI 800 Unicel assay demonstrated high mean bias [–122 pg/mL (–616–125 pg/mL)] and a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.9161, lower than the others. MMA and HCY were correlated with the vitamin B12 results. The correlation coefficients with their 95% CI indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the four methods according to their relationship with MMA and HCY.Total B12 assays correlate very well with each other. However, results of DxI 800 Unicel were lower compared to the other three autoanalyzers. All total vitamin B12 methods show similar relationships with HCY and MMA. Standardization of serum vitamin B12 assays is still not completed and further standardization studies are needed. Laboratory professionals and clinicians should be aware of this disagreement between assay methods and they should use these tests as ancillary tests.
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Schroder TH, Quay TAW, Lamers Y. Methylmalonic acid quantified in dried blood spots provides a precise, valid, and stable measure of functional vitamin B-12 status in healthy women. J Nutr 2014; 144:1658-63. [PMID: 25143369 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a sensitive and specific functional biomarker of vitamin B-12 status, commonly assessed in plasma or serum. Dried blood spots (DBSs) allow simpler and more cost-efficient blood sampling than plasma. To facilitate convenient testing for vitamin B-12 deficiency in large-scale surveys and in population groups from remote areas, we developed a method for MMA quantification in DBSs and tested its applicability as well as the long-term stability of MMA in DBSs at various temperatures. MMA was extracted from an 8-mm DBS punch with water:methanol (95:5, v:v) and methyl-d3-malonic acid as the internal standard. After sample cleanup by ultrafiltration and hexane extraction, MMA was quantified by using reversed-phase LC-tandem mass spectrometry. Extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the detection signal and achieve DBS extract concentrations above the lowest limit of quantification (signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 10) of 10 nmol/L. Recovery was between 93% and 96%. Intra- and interassay variation (CV%) for DBS MMA was 0.49% and 2.3%, respectively. Calibrators showed linearity (R(2) = 0.998) between 10 and 10,000 nmol/L. In 94 healthy women, MMA concentrations in DBS extract (min-max: 10.2-80.5 nmol/L) and plasma (min-max: 68-950 nmol/L) were correlated (ρ = 0.90) (P < 0.001). MMA concentrations in DBSs were stable at room temperature for 1 wk, in the refrigerator for 8 wk, and at -80°C for at least 1 y. This simple and robust method allows quantification of MMA in DBSs of healthy individuals. The linear relation between plasma and DBS MMA suggests that DBS MMA could predict plasma MMA, the current reference indicator for functional vitamin B-12 deficiency. With the advantages of minimally invasive specimen collection and no need for laborious blood processing steps, this method has the potential to be a reliable, convenient, and field-applicable alternative for assessment of vitamin B-12 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Schroder
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teo A W Quay
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Folate determination in human health: UPLC-MS/MS is the emerging methodology of choice. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:3023-31. [PMID: 24320128 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This Perspective provides a brief description of the essential role that folates play in human health, together with an overview of the various analytical methods that have been used for quantitation of folates in human populations over the past few decades. Essentially, folate methodology has evolved from microbiological assay-based, to binding-based technology and, more recently, to separation-based methodology. Separation-based methods initially used traditional LC in conjunction with various detection techniques, with the most recent methods utilizing UPLC-MS/MS. Current UPLC methods offer exceptional speed, sensitivity and quantitation ability for the monoglutamate folate isoforms. It appears that the only limitation to properly quantifying all folates as polyglutamates, some 40-50 species, is the current lack of corresponding stable-isotope standards. Clearly, UPLC-MS/MS is emerging as the 'method of choice' for the determination of folates, whether in support of basic research, clinical investigations or population studies.
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Ulvik A, Midttun Ø, Pedersen ER, Eussen SJ, Nygård O, Ueland PM. Evidence for increased catabolism of vitamin B-6 during systemic inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:250-5. [PMID: 24808485 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of PL 5'-phosphate (PLP), which is the active coenzyme form of vitamin B-6, are reduced during inflammation. The underlying mechanisms may include altered tissue distribution or increased catabolism via pyridoxal (PL) to pyridoxic acid (PA). Recently, we showed that catabolic enzyme activity could be assessed by substrate product ratios measured in plasma. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the ratios PA:PL, PA:PLP, and PA:(PL + PLP) as possible markers of vitamin B-6 catabolism. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were derived from the Western Norway B-Vitamin Intervention Trial. We analyzed associations of ratios with inflammatory markers and other clinical variables by using multiple linear regression and partial correlation. In addition, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the ability of plasma indexes to differentiate between subjects. RESULTS PA:(PL + PLP) had the highest ICC of all vitamin B-6 metabolites and ratios tested. In regression models, the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, neopterin, and kynurenine:tryptophan collectively accounted for 28% of the total and > 90% of the explained variation in PA:(PL + PLP). For individual B-6 metabolites, corresponding numbers were 19-25% and 20-44%, respectively, with vitamin supplement intake, smoking, and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) as additional predictors. In an analysis of receiver operating characteristics, PA:(PL + PLP) discriminated high inflammatory concentrations with an area under the curve (95% CI) of 0.85 (0.81, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Broad-specificity enzymes upregulated to reduce oxidative and aldehyde stress could explain increased catabolism of vitamin B-6 during inflammation. The ratio PA:(PL + PLP) may provide novel insights into pathologic processes and potentially predict risk of future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arve Ulvik
- From Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway (AU and ØM); the Section for Cardiology (ERP and ON), Department of Clinical Science (SJPME and PMU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; the Department of Heart Disease (ON) and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry (PMU), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (ON); and the Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (SJPME)
| | - Øivind Midttun
- From Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway (AU and ØM); the Section for Cardiology (ERP and ON), Department of Clinical Science (SJPME and PMU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; the Department of Heart Disease (ON) and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry (PMU), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (ON); and the Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (SJPME)
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- From Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway (AU and ØM); the Section for Cardiology (ERP and ON), Department of Clinical Science (SJPME and PMU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; the Department of Heart Disease (ON) and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry (PMU), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (ON); and the Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (SJPME)
| | - Simone Jpm Eussen
- From Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway (AU and ØM); the Section for Cardiology (ERP and ON), Department of Clinical Science (SJPME and PMU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; the Department of Heart Disease (ON) and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry (PMU), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (ON); and the Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (SJPME)
| | - Ottar Nygård
- From Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway (AU and ØM); the Section for Cardiology (ERP and ON), Department of Clinical Science (SJPME and PMU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; the Department of Heart Disease (ON) and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry (PMU), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (ON); and the Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (SJPME)
| | - Per M Ueland
- From Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway (AU and ØM); the Section for Cardiology (ERP and ON), Department of Clinical Science (SJPME and PMU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; the Department of Heart Disease (ON) and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry (PMU), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (ON); and the Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (SJPME)
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Shaik MM, Gan SH. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous determination of homocysteine, vitamins B(6), B(9), and B(12) in human serum. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:159-67. [PMID: 23716893 PMCID: PMC3660929 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamins B6, B9, and B12 deficiencies usually result in various neurological, vascular, ocular, renal, and pulmonary abnormalities. However, to date, there are no simultaneous detection methods available for determining homocysteine, vitamins B6, B9, and B12 levels in various biological fluids. In this study, we aim to develop a new validated simultaneous detection method for all four compounds to save both cost and time of analysis. Materials and Methods: The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt (33:67) with 0.05% triethylamine. The pH of the entire mixture was adjusted to 2.3 and the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. Separation was achieved using a C-18 column (5 μm; 150 mm × 4.6 mm) maintained at 28°C in a column oven and the detection was conducted at 210 nm. Results: The method was linear between 50 and 1600 ng/mL for all of the drugs. The limits of detection for homocysteine, vitamins B6, B9, and B12 were 5, 5, 10, and 10 ng/mL, respectively, while the limits of quantification were 10, 10, 25, and 25 ng/L, respectively. The developed method achieved good precision and accuracy and complies with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements. Conclusion: The developed and validated method is suitable to be used for the routine analysis of homocysteine, vitamins B6, B9, and B12 simultaneously in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munvar Miya Shaik
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Arendt JFB, Nexo E. Unexpected high plasma cobalamin : proposal for a diagnostic strategy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:489-96. [PMID: 23241600 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that more than 8% of patients examined for vitamin B12 deficiency unexpectedly have increased plasma levels of the vitamin, but so far there are no guidelines for the clinical interpretation of such findings. In this review, we summarise known associations between high plasma cobalamin and diseases. We report associations mainly with cancer, liver and kidney diseases, but also with a number of other diagnostic entities. The pathogenic background is poorly understood and is likely to be multi-factorial, involving increased concentrations of one or both of the circulating cobalamin binding proteins, transcobalamin and haptocorrin. Based on current knowledge, we suggest a strategy for the clinical interpretation of unexpected high plasma cobalamin. Since a number of the associated diseases are critical and life-threatening, the strategy promotes the concept of 'think the worst first'. It is important to realise that high cobalamin levels can be an unspecific marker for cancer. If this can be ruled out, diseases of the liver and kidney should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F B Arendt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Lamers Y. Folate Recommendations for Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infancy. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2011; 59:32-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000332073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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