1
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Demirturk M, Cinar MS, Avci FY. The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38703041 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which significantly impact the well-being of populations globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a crucial factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into how the gut microbiota, immune cells, and gut mucus layer work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Demirturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mukaddes Sena Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Haratake N, Ozawa H, Morimoto Y, Yamashita N, Daimon T, Bhattacharya A, Wang K, Nakashoji A, Isozaki H, Shimokawa M, Kikutake C, Suyama M, Hashinokuchi A, Takada K, Takenaka T, Yoshizumi T, Mitsudomi T, Hata AN, Kufe D. MUC1-C Is a Common Driver of Acquired Osimertinib Resistance in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:434-450. [PMID: 37924972 PMCID: PMC10939926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osimertinib is an irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 19 deletions or L858R mutations. Patients treated with osimertinib invariably develop acquired resistance by mechanisms involving additional EGFR mutations, MET amplification, and other pathways. There is no known involvement of the oncogenic MUC1-C protein in acquired osimertinib resistance. METHODS H1975/EGFR (L858R/T790M) and patient-derived NSCLC cells with acquired osimertinib resistance were investigated for MUC1-C dependence in studies of EGFR pathway activation, clonogenicity, and self-renewal capacity. RESULTS We reveal that MUC1-C is up-regulated in H1975 osimertinib drug-tolerant persister cells and is necessary for activation of the EGFR pathway. H1975 cells selected for stable osimertinib resistance (H1975-OR) and MGH700-2D cells isolated from a patient with acquired osimertinib resistance are found to be dependent on MUC1-C for induction of (1) phospho (p)-EGFR, p-ERK, and p-AKT, (2) EMT, and (3) the resistant phenotype. We report that MUC1-C is also required for p-EGFR, p-ERK, and p-AKT activation and self-renewal capacity in acquired osimertinib-resistant (1) MET-amplified MGH170-1D #2 cells and (2) MGH121 Res#2/EGFR (T790M/C797S) cells. Importantly, targeting MUC1-C in these diverse models reverses osimertinib resistance. In support of these results, high MUC1 mRNA and MUC1-C protein expression is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that MUC1-C is a common effector of osimertinib resistance and is a potential target for the treatment of osimertinib-resistant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haratake
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoshihiro Morimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tatsuaki Daimon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atrayee Bhattacharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Nakashoji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideko Isozaki
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Chie Kikutake
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asato Hashinokuchi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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3
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Daimon T, Bhattacharya A, Wang K, Haratake N, Nakashoji A, Ozawa H, Morimoto Y, Yamashita N, Kosaka T, Oya M, Kufe DW. MUC1-C is a target of salinomycin in inducing ferroptosis of cancer stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:9. [PMID: 38182558 PMCID: PMC10770371 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic MUC1-C transmembrane protein is a critical effector of the cancer stem cell (CSC) state. Addiction to MUC1-C for self-renewal in the progression of human cancers has emphasized the need for development of anti-MUC1-C agents. However, there are presently no approved small molecules for targeting MUC1-C-dependent CSCs. In screening for small molecules, we identified salinomycin (SAL), an inducer of ferroptosis, as a potent inhibitor of MUC1-C signaling. We demonstrate that SAL suppresses MUC1-C expression by disrupting a NF-κB/MUC1-C auto-inductive circuit that is necessary for ferroptosis resistance. Our results show that SAL-induced MUC1-C suppression downregulates a MUC1-C→MYC pathway that activates genes encoding (i) glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), and (ii) the LDL receptor related protein 8 (LRP8), which inhibit ferroptosis by generating GSH and regulating selenium levels, respectively. GSR and LRP8 contribute to the function of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an essential negative regulator of ferroptotic cell death. We demonstrate that targeting MUC1-C genetically or with the GO-203 peptide inhibitor suppresses GPX4 expression and GPX activity in association with the induction of ferroptosis. Studies of CSCs enriched by serial passage as tumorspheres further demonstrate that the effects of SAL are mediated by downregulation of MUC1-C and thereby overcoming resistance to ferroptosis. As confirmation of these results, rescue of MUC1-C downregulation with the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain (i) reversed the suppression of GSR, LRP8 and GPX4 expression, and (ii) attenuated the induction of ferroptosis. These findings identify SAL as a unique small molecule inhibitor of MUC1-C signaling and demonstrate that MUC1-C is an important effector of resistance to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Daimon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keyi Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayako Nakashoji
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Morimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kinan Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Yamashita N, Withers H, Morimoto Y, Bhattacharya A, Haratake N, Daimon T, Fushimi A, Nakashoji A, Thorner AR, Isenhart E, Rosario S, Long MD, Kufe D. MUC1-C integrates aerobic glycolysis with suppression of oxidative phosphorylation in triple-negative breast cancer stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:108168. [PMID: 37915591 PMCID: PMC10616323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the MUC1-C protein promotes lineage plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) state. The present studies performed on enriched populations of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) CSCs demonstrate that MUC1-C is essential for integrating activation of glycolytic pathway genes with self-renewal and tumorigenicity. MUC1-C further integrates the glycolytic pathway with suppression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes encoding components of mitochondrial Complexes I-V. The repression of mtDNA genes is explained by MUC1-C-mediated (i) downregulation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) required for mtDNA transcription and (ii) induction of the mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3 (mTERF3). In support of pathogenesis that suppresses mitochondrial ROS production, targeting MUC1-C increases (i) mtDNA gene transcription, (ii) superoxide levels, and (iii) loss of self-renewal capacity. These findings and scRNA-seq analysis of CSC subpopulations indicate that MUC1-C regulates self-renewal and redox balance by integrating activation of glycolysis with suppression of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Yamashita
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Withers
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Naoki Haratake
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuaki Daimon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayako Nakashoji
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron R. Thorner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Isenhart
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kufe DW. Emergence of MUC1 in Mammals for Adaptation of Barrier Epithelia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194805. [PMID: 36230728 PMCID: PMC9564314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucin 1 (MUC1) gene was discovered based on its overexpression in human breast cancers. Subsequent work demonstrated that MUC1 is aberrantly expressed in cancers originating from other diverse organs, including skin and immune cells. These findings supported a role for MUC1 in the adaptation of barrier tissues to infection and environmental stress. Of fundamental importance for this evolutionary adaptation was inclusion of a SEA domain, which catalyzes autoproteolysis of the MUC1 protein and formation of a non-covalent heterodimeric complex. The resulting MUC1 heterodimer is poised at the apical cell membrane to respond to loss of homeostasis. Disruption of the complex releases the MUC1 N-terminal (MUC1-N) subunit into a protective mucous gel. Conversely, the transmembrane C-terminal (MUC1-C) subunit activates a program of lineage plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming and repair. This MUC1-C-activated program apparently evolved for barrier tissues to mount self-regulating proliferative, inflammatory and remodeling responses associated with wound healing. Emerging evidence indicates that MUC1-C underpins inflammatory adaptation of tissue stem cells and immune cells in the barrier niche. This review focuses on how prolonged activation of MUC1-C by chronic inflammation in these niches promotes the cancer stem cell (CSC) state by establishing auto-inductive nodes that drive self-renewal and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, D830, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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MUC1-mediated Macrophage Activation Promotes Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer via Activating the Interleukin-6/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Axis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:789-811. [PMID: 35809803 PMCID: PMC9424590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS MUC1 is abnormally expressed in colorectal cancer, including colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but its role in tumorigenesis is unclear. This study investigated MUC1's effects in murine models of colitis and CAC and elucidated mechanisms of action. METHODS Colitis and CAC were induced in mice by exposure to dextran sodium sulfate or azoxymethane plus dextran sodium sulphate. Clinical parameters, immune cell infiltration, and tumor development were monitored throughout disease progression. Experiments in knockout mice and bone marrow chimeras were combined with an exploration of immune cell abundance and function. RESULTS Deficiency of Muc1 suppressed inflammation, inhibited tumor progression, increased abundance of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and reduced abundance of macrophages in colon tumors. Bone marrow chimeras showed promotion of CAC was primarily mediated by Muc1-expressing hematopoietic cells, and that MUC1 promoted a pro-tumoral immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype within tumors. Mechanistic studies revealed that Muc1 deficiency remarkably reduced interleukin-6 levels in the colonic tissues and tumors that was mainly produced by infiltrating macrophages at day 21, 42, and 85. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, MUC1 promoted responsiveness to chemoattractant and promoted activation into a phenotype with high Il6 and Ido1 expression, secreting factors which inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation. MUC1 potently drives macrophages to produce interleukin-6, which in turn drives a pro-tumorigenic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in colon epithelial tumor and stromal cells, ultimately increasing the occurrence and development of CAC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide cellular and molecular mechanisms for the pro-tumorigenic functions of MUC1 in the inflamed colon. Therapeutic strategies to inhibit MUC1 signal transduction warrant consideration for the prevention or therapy of CAC.
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7
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Guerrero-Ochoa P, Ibáñez-Pérez R, Berbegal-Pinilla G, Aguilar D, Marzo I, Corzana F, Minjárez-Sáenz M, Macías-León J, Conde B, Raso J, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Anel A. Preclinical Studies of Granulysin-Based Anti-MUC1-Tn Immunotoxins as a New Antitumoral Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061223. [PMID: 35740244 PMCID: PMC9219680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two granulysin (GRNLY) based immunotoxins were generated, one containing the scFv of the SM3 mAb (SM3GRNLY) and the other the scFv of the AR20.5 mAb (AR20.5GRNLY). These mAb recognize different amino acid sequences of aberrantly O-glycosylated MUC1, also known as the Tn antigen, expressed in a variety of tumor cell types. We first demonstrated the affinity of these immunotoxins for their antigen using surface plasmon resonance for the purified antigen and flow cytometry for the antigen expressed on the surface of living tumor cells. The induction of cell death of tumor cell lines of different origin positive for Tn antigen expression was stronger in the cases of the immunotoxins than that induced by GRNLY alone. The mechanism of cell death induced by the immunotoxins was studied, showing that the apoptotic component demonstrated previously for GRNLY was also present, but that cell death induced by the immunotoxins included also necroptotic and necrotic components. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo tumor targeting by the immunotoxins after systemic injection using a xenograft model of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma CAPAN-2 in athymic mice. While GRNLY alone did not have a therapeutic effect, SM3GRNLY and AR20.5GRNLY reduced tumor volume by 42 and 60%, respectively, compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice, although the results were not statistically significant in the case of AR20.5GRNLY. Histological studies of tumors obtained from treated mice demonstrated reduced cellularity, nuclear morphology compatible with apoptosis induction and active caspase-3 detection by immunohistochemistry. Overall, our results exemplify that these immunotoxins are potential drugs to treat Tn-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guerrero-Ochoa
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.); (G.B.-P.); (I.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Raquel Ibáñez-Pérez
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.); (G.B.-P.); (I.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Germán Berbegal-Pinilla
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.); (G.B.-P.); (I.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Diederich Aguilar
- Department of Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.); (G.B.-P.); (I.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Research Center for Chemical Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Martha Minjárez-Sáenz
- Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (J.M.-L.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Javier Macías-León
- Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (J.M.-L.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Blanca Conde
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.); (G.B.-P.); (I.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Javier Raso
- Department of Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (J.M.-L.); (R.H.-G.)
- ARAID Foundation, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.); (G.B.-P.); (I.M.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761279; Fax: +34-976-762123
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Liu YJ, Hounye AH, Wang Z, Liu X, Yi J, Qi M. Identification and Validation of Three Autophagy-Related Long Noncoding RNAs as Prognostic Signature in Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:780601. [PMID: 34926294 PMCID: PMC8674813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is featured by common occurrence and poor prognosis. Autophagy is a biological process that has been extensively involved in the progression of tumors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered to be critical in diagnosing and predicting various tumors. It may be valuable to elaborate autophagy-related lncRNAs (ARlncRNAs) in CCA, and indeed, there are still few studies concerning the role of ARlncRNAs in CCA. Here, a prognostic ARlncRNA signature was constructed to predict the survival outcome of CCA patients. Through identification, three differentially expressed ARlncRNAs (DEARlncRNAs), including CHRM3.AS2, MIR205HG, and LINC00661, were screened and were considered predictive signatures. Furthermore, the overall survival (OS) of patients with high-risk scores was significantly lower than that of patients with low scores. Interestingly, the risk score was an independent factor for the OS of patients with CCA. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the screened and constructed prognosis signature for 1 year (AUC = 0.884), 3 years (AUC =0.759), and 5 years (AUC = 0.788) presented a high score of accuracy in predicting OS of CCA patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the three DEARlncRNAs were significantly enriched in CCA-related signaling pathways, including “pathways of basal cell carcinoma”, “glycerolipid metabolism”, etc. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that expressions of CHRM3.AS2, MIR205HG, and LINC00661 were higher in CCA tissues than those in normal tissues, similar to the trends detected in the CCA dataset. Furthermore, Pearson’s analysis reported an intimate correlation of the risk score with immune cell infiltration, indicating a predictive value of the signature for the efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, the screened lncRNAs were found to have the ability to modulate the expression of mRNAs by interacting with miRNAs based on the established lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. In conclusion, our study develops a novel nomogram with good reliability and accuracy to predict the OS of CCA patients, providing a significant guiding value for developing tailored therapy for CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zheng Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Information Science and Engineering School, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Olnes MJ, Martinson HA. Recent advances in immune therapies for gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:924-934. [PMID: 33664460 PMCID: PMC8417143 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive malignancy that is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Localized GC can be cured with surgery, but most patients present with more advanced non-operable disease. Until recently, treatment options for relapsed and refractory advanced GC have been limited to combination chemotherapy regimens, HER-2 directed therapy, and radiation, which lead to few durable responses. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the molecular and immune pathogenesis of GC. The infectious agents Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori perturb the gastric mucosa immune equilibrium, which creates a microenvironment that favors GC tumorigenesis and evasion of immune surveillance. Insights into immune mechanisms of GC have translated into novel therapeutics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have become a treatment option for select patients with GC. Furthermore, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies have emerged as a breakthrough treatment for many cancers, with recent studies showing this to be a potential therapy for GC. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on immune mechanisms of GC and the status of emerging immunotherapies to treat this aggressive cancer, as well as outline current challenges and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Olnes
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA.
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Holly A Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Isaka E, Sugiura T, Hashimoto K, Kikuta K, Anazawa U, Nomura T, Kameyama A. Characterization of tumor-associated MUC1 and its glycans expressed in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:702. [PMID: 34457057 PMCID: PMC8358622 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most frequently misdiagnosed tumors. Glycans are modulated by malignant transformation. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a mucin whose expression is upregulated in various tumors, including MEC, and it has previously been investigated as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker. The present study aimed to reveal the differences in the mucin glycans between MEC and normal salivary glands (NSGs) to discover novel diagnostic markers. Soluble fractions of salivary gland homogenate prepared from three MEC salivary glands and 7 NSGs were evaluated. Mucins in MEC and NSGs were separated using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis, and stained with Alcian blue and monoclonal antibodies. The glycans of the separated mucins were analyzed by mass spectrometry. MUC1 was found in MEC but not in NSGs, and almost all glycans of MUC1 in MEC were sialylated, whereas the glycans of mucins in NSGs were less sialylated. The core 2 type glycans, (Hex)2(HexNAc)2(NeuAc)1 and (Hex)2(HexNAc)2(NeuAc)2, were found to be significantly abundant glycans of MUC1 in MEC. MEC markedly produced MUC1 modified with sialylated core 2 glycans. These data were obtained from the soluble fractions of salivary gland homogenates. These findings provide a basis for the utilization of MUC1 as a serum diagnostic marker for the preoperative diagnosis of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Isaka
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Takanori Sugiura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Ukei Anazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.,Oral Cancer Center, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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11
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Chen W, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Zhu P, Ko JKS, Yung KKL. MUC1: Structure, Function, and Clinic Application in Epithelial Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126567. [PMID: 34207342 PMCID: PMC8234110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) is a mucin family member that has different functions in normal and cancer cells. Owing to its structural and biochemical properties, MUC1 can act as a lubricant, moisturizer, and physical barrier in normal cells. However, in cancer cells, MUC1 often undergoes aberrant glycosylation and overexpression. It is involved in cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis by virtue of its participation in intracellular signaling processes and the regulation of related biomolecules. This review introduces the biological structure and different roles of MUC1 in normal and cancer cells and the regulatory mechanisms governing these roles. It also evaluates current research progress and the clinical applications of MUC1 in cancer therapy based on its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Division of Teaching and Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peili Zhu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Joshua Ka-Shun Ko
- Division of Teaching and Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: (J.K.-S.K.); (K.K.-L.Y.); Tel.: +852-3411-2907 (J.K.-S.K.); +852-3411-7060 (K.K.-L.Y.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (J.K.-S.K.); +852-3411-5995 (K.K.-L.Y.)
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.-S.K.); (K.K.-L.Y.); Tel.: +852-3411-2907 (J.K.-S.K.); +852-3411-7060 (K.K.-L.Y.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (J.K.-S.K.); +852-3411-5995 (K.K.-L.Y.)
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12
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Kufe DW. MUC1-C in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis; emergence as a target for cancer treatment. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1173-1183. [PMID: 32710608 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a highly prevalent consequence of changes in environmental and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of cancer. The basis for this critical association has largely remained unclear. The MUC1 gene evolved in mammals to protect epithelia from the external environment. The MUC1-C subunit promotes responses found in wound healing and cancer. MUC1-C induces EMT, epigenetic reprogramming, dedifferentiation and pluripotency factor expression, which when prolonged in chronic inflammation promote cancer progression. As discussed in this review, MUC1-C also drives drug resistance and immune evasion, and is an important target for cancer therapeutics now under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Mucin expression, epigenetic regulation and patient survival: A toolkit of prognostic biomarkers in epithelial cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188538. [PMID: 33862149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty mucin genes have been identified and classified in two groups (encoding secreted and membrane-bound proteins). Secreted mucins participate in mucus formation by assembling a 3-dimensional network via oligomerization, whereas membrane-bound mucins are anchored to the outer membrane mediating extracellular interactions and cell signaling. Both groups have been associated with carcinogenesis progression in epithelial cancers, and are therefore considered as potential therapeutic targets. In the present review, we discuss the link between mucin expression patterns and patient survival and propose mucins as prognosis biomarkers of epithelial cancers (esophagus, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, lung, breast or ovarian cancers). We also investigate the relationship between mucin expression and overall survival in the TCGA dataset. In particular, epigenetic mechanisms regulating mucin gene expression, such as aberrant DNA methylation and histone modification, are interesting as they are also associated with diagnosis or prognosis significance. Indeed, mucin hypomethylation has been shown to be associated with carcinogenesis progression and was linked to prognosis in colon cancer or pancreatic cancer patients. Finally we describe the relationship between mucin expression and non-coding RNAs that also may serve as biomarkers. Altogether the concomitant knowledge of specific mucin-pattern expression and epigenetic regulation could be translated as biomarkers with a better specificity/sensitivity performance in several epithelial cancers.
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14
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HAZGUI M, WESLATI M, BOUGHRIBA R, OUNISSI D, BACHA D, BOURAOUI S. MUC1 and MUC5AC implication in Tunisian colorectal cancer patients. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:309-318. [PMID: 32967412 PMCID: PMC7991860 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2003-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Mucins, such as MUC1 and MUC5AC, are known for their protective and moisturizing role in intestinal epithelium. Their expression is tightly controlled given their essential role in normal tissue homeostasis, whereas their deregulation leads to chronic inflammation, and even cancer. This study aimed to assess the expression profiles of MUC1 and MUC5AC and their implications in colorectal carcinogenesis. Materials and methods A retrospective study of 202 patients who underwent colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery was conducted. The expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis of mucin expression pattern, as well as the clinicopathological criteria of the patients, was performed using the chi-square test, survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan—Meier product-limit method, and differences between the survival curves were tested using the log-rank test. Results The expression of both mucins was abnormally high in the tumor tissues for both mRNA and protein. MUC1 expression was correlated with advanced cancer stages and lymph node metastases for both the mRNA (P < 0.016 and P < 0.002, respectively) and protein level (P < 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, MUC5AC expression did not pinpoint any significant association between the clinicopathological criteria, but patients who expressed MUC5AC showed an increase in overall survival (P < 0.009). Conclusion The expression of MUC1 might be a poor prognostic biomarker in CRC and could play a role in tumor transformation and metastasis. However, MUC5AC expression might be a good prognostic in the Tunisian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam HAZGUI
- Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, La MarsaTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, TunisTunisia
| | - Marwa WESLATI
- Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, La MarsaTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, TunisTunisia
| | - Rahma BOUGHRIBA
- Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, La MarsaTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, TunisTunisia
| | - Donia OUNISSI
- Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, La MarsaTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, TunisTunisia
| | - Dhouha BACHA
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La MarsaTunisia
| | - Saadia BOURAOUI
- Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, La MarsaTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, TunisTunisia
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15
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Ballester B, Milara J, Cortijo J. The role of mucin 1 in respiratory diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200149. [PMID: 33536260 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0149-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that mucin 1 (MUC1) is involved in many pathological processes that occur in the lung. MUC1 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed by epithelial and hematopoietic cells. It has a receptor-like structure, which can sense the external environment and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways through its cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain of MUC1 can be released to the external environment, thus acting as a decoy barrier to mucosal pathogens, as well as serving as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases. Furthermore, bioactivated MUC1-cytoplasmic tail (CT) has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory molecule in several airway infections and mediates the expression of anti-inflammatory genes in lung diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma. Bioactivated MUC1-CT has also been reported to interact with several effectors linked to cellular transformation, contributing to the progression of respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of MUC1 as a promising biomarker and drug target for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA .,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Pharmacology Dept, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Research and teaching Unit, Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Dept of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Beatson R, Graham R, Grundland Freile F, Cozzetto D, Kannambath S, Pfeifer E, Woodman N, Owen J, Nuamah R, Mandel U, Pinder S, Gillett C, Noll T, Bouybayoune I, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Burchell JM. Cancer-associated hypersialylated MUC1 drives the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages with a pathogenic phenotype. Commun Biol 2020; 3:644. [PMID: 33149188 PMCID: PMC7642421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role in the growth and progression of cancer, and the presence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that TAMs display transcriptomic, phenotypic, functional and geographical diversity. Here we show that a sialylated tumour-associated glycoform of the mucin MUC1, MUC1-ST, through the engagement of Siglec-9 can specifically and independently induce the differentiation of monocytes into TAMs with a unique phenotype that to the best of our knowledge has not previously been described. These TAMs can recruit and prolong the lifespan of neutrophils, inhibit the function of T cells, degrade basement membrane allowing for invasion, are inefficient at phagocytosis, and can induce plasma clotting. This macrophage phenotype is enriched in the stroma at the edge of breast cancer nests and their presence is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Beatson et al. show that a sialylated tumour-associated glycoform of the mucin MUC1 induces the differentiation of monocytes into tumour-associated macrophages. These macrophages are found in breast cancer stroma and their presence is associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Rosalind Graham
- Breast Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fabio Grundland Freile
- Breast Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Domenico Cozzetto
- Translational Bioinformatics, Genomics Facility, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- Genomics Facility, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ester Pfeifer
- Breast Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Natalie Woodman
- KHP Tissue Bank, Breast Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Julie Owen
- KHP Tissue Bank, Breast Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rosamond Nuamah
- Genomics Facility, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Pinder
- Breast Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- KHP Tissue Bank, Breast Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Thomas Noll
- Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ihssane Bouybayoune
- Breast Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou
- Breast Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joy M Burchell
- Breast Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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17
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Szlendak M, Sitarz R, Berbecka M, Mielko J, Morsink F, Maciejewski R, Offerhaus GJA, Polkowski WP. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and mucin 1 in colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:52. [PMID: 32874582 PMCID: PMC7453394 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), pathological factors that correlate with negative prognosis include, among others, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and abundant expression of mucin 1 (MUC1). COX-2 overexpression may therefore be associated with MUC1 overexpression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation between COX-2 and MUC1 expression and to assess the correlation between their individual expression and the clinicopathological features of patients, paying particular attention to survival. The following data was collected from the 170 patients with CRC included in the present study: Age, sex, tumour localization, disease stage and survival. Tumour samples were immunostained with antibodies against COX-2 and MUC1. Protein expression was scored, relative to reference staining, and correlated with the clinicopathological data of patients. The results revealed no correlation between the expressions of COX-2 and MUC1, or with any of the studied clinicopathological variables. In addition, the expression of the two proteins were not associated. Neither of the proteins demonstrated prognostic value for survival. The present study did not confirm a direct relationship between the expressions of COX-2 and MUC1, or between the expression of either protein and the clinicopathological features of patients, including survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szlendak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland.,Department of Surgery, Center of Oncology of The Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Lublin 20-090, Poland.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Berbecka
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mielko
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Folkert Morsink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech P Polkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
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18
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Abdoli Shadbad M, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B. Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Mucin1 in breast cancer vaccination: On the verge of a breakthrough. Life Sci 2020; 258:118128. [PMID: 32710947 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although breast cancer is one of the leading troublesome cancers, the available therapeutic options have not fulfilled the desired outcomes. Immune-based therapy has gained special attention for breast cancer treatment. Although this approach is highly tolerable, its low response rate has rendered it as an undesirable approach. This review aims to describe the essential oncogenic pathways involved in breast cancer, elucidate the immunosuppression and oncogenic effect of Mucin1, and introduce myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are the main culprits of anti-tumoral immune response attenuation. The various auto-inductive loops between Mucin1 and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are focal in the suppression of anti-tumoral immune responses in patients with breast cancer. These cross-talks between the Mucin1 and myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be the underlying causes of immunotherapy's impotence for patients with breast cancer. This approach can pave the road for the development of a potent vaccine for patients with breast cancer and is translated into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Li W, Zhang N, Jin C, Long MD, Rajabi H, Yasumizu Y, Fushimi A, Yamashita N, Hagiwara M, Zheng R, Wang J, Kui L, Singh H, Kharbanda S, Hu Q, Liu S, Kufe D. MUC1-C drives stemness in progression of colitis to colorectal cancer. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137112. [PMID: 32427590 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) by largely undefined mechanisms that are critical for understanding the link between inflammation and cancer. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) marked by leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) expression are of importance in both the inflammatory response to colitis and progression to colitis-associated colon cancer (CACC). Here, we report in human mucin 1-transgenic (MUC1-transgenic) mouse models of CACC, targeting the MUC1-C oncogenic protein suppresses the (a) Lgr5+ ISC population, (b) induction of Myc and core pluripotency stem cell factors, and (c) severity and progression of colitis to dysplasia and cancer. By extension to human colon cancer cells, we demonstrate that MUC1-C drives MYC, forms a complex with MYC on the LGR5 promoter, and activates LGR5 expression. We also show in CRC cells that MUC1-C induces cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (BMI1, ALDH1, FOXA1, LIN28B) and the OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG pluripotency factors. Consistent with conferring the CSC state, targeting MUC1-C suppresses the capacity of CRC cells to promote wound healing, invasion, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. In analysis of human tissues, MUC1 expression associates with activation of inflammatory pathways, development of colitis, and aggressiveness of CRCs. These results collectively indicate that MUC1-C is of importance for integrating stemness and pluripotency in colitis and CRC. Of clinical relevance, the findings further indicate that MUC1-C represents a potentially previously unrecognized target that is druggable for treating progression of colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masayuki Hagiwara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Kui
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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García P, Bizama C, Rosa L, Espinoza JA, Weber H, Cerda-Infante J, Sánchez M, Montecinos VP, Lorenzo-Bermejo J, Boekstegers F, Dávila-López M, Alfaro F, Leiva-Acevedo C, Parra Z, Romero D, Kato S, Leal P, Lagos M, Roa JC. Functional and genomic characterization of three novel cell lines derived from a metastatic gallbladder cancer tumor. Biol Res 2020; 53:13. [PMID: 32293552 PMCID: PMC7158131 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common tumor of the biliary tract. The incidence of GBC shows a large geographic variability, being particularly frequent in Native American populations. In Chile, GBC represents the second cause of cancer-related death among women. We describe here the establishment of three novel cell lines derived from the ascitic fluid of a Chilean GBC patient, who presented 46% European, 36% Mapuche, 12% Aymara and 6% African ancestry. Results After immunocytochemical staining of the primary cell culture, we isolated and comprehensively characterized three independent clones (PUC-GBC1, PUC-GBC2 and PUC-GBC3) by short tandem repeat DNA profiling and RNA sequencing as well as karyotype, doubling time, chemosensitivity, in vitro migration capability and in vivo tumorigenicity assay. Primary culture cells showed high expression of CK7, CK19, CA 19-9, MUC1 and MUC16, and negative expression of mesothelial markers. The three isolated clones displayed an epithelial phenotype and an abnormal structure and number of chromosomes. RNA sequencing confirmed the increased expression of cytokeratin and mucin genes, and also of TP53 and ERBB2 with some differences among the three cells lines, and revealed a novel exonic mutation in NF1. The PUC-GBC3 clone was the most aggressive according to histopathological features and the tumorigenic capacity in NSG mice. Conclusions The first cell lines established from a Chilean GBC patient represent a new model for studying GBC in patients of Native American descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Applied Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javier Cerda-Infante
- Department of Hematology Oncology; Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianela Sánchez
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Justo Lorenzo-Bermejo
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Boekstegers
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcela Dávila-López
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisca Alfaro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Leiva-Acevedo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zasha Parra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Romero
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sumie Kato
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcela Lagos
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Lv GH, Zou MX, Liu FS, Zhang Y, Huang W, Ye A, Zhang QS, Wang XB, Li J, Jiang Y, She XL. Clinicopathological and Prognostic Characteristics in Extra-Axial Chordomas: An Integrative Analysis of 86 Cases and Comparison With Axial Chordomas. Neurosurgery 2020; 85:E527-E542. [PMID: 30892619 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of extra-axial chordoma (EAC) remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To characterize clinicopathological characteristics in a large EAC cohort and investigate their correlation with survival. We also attempted to compare these outcomes with axial chordoma (AC). METHODS Medline and Embase searches (from inception to February 28, 2018) were conducted to identify eligible studies as per predefined criteria. The local database at our center was also retrospectively reviewed to include additional patients. RESULTS Forty-three studies from the literature and 86 patients from our local institute were identified, resulting in a total of 86 EAC patients and 75 AC patients for analysis. Overall, EAC had similar characteristics to AC, except for having higher CAM5.2 expression, common lobular growth pattern, and better prognosis. Whereas wide surgical resection was consistently associated with favorable survival in both EAC and AC cohorts on univariate analyses, most parameters showed differential prognostic implications between the 2 groups. Significant prognostic factors for local recurrence-free survival on multivariate analysis included type of surgery in both cohorts and tumor Brachyury expression and adjuvant radiotherapy in AC cohort. Multivariate analysis of overall survival demonstrated that type of surgery, tumor Brachyury expression, and duration of symptoms were significant predictors in the AC cohort, whereas none of the analyzed parameters were predictive of overall survival for the EAC group. CONCLUSION These data suggest potentially distinct biological behaviors between EAC and AC and may provide useful information to better understand the prognostic characteristics and improve the outcome prediction of EAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - An Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian-Shi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ling She
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Pichinuk E, Chalik M, Benhar I, Ginat-Koton R, Ziv R, Smorodinsky NI, Haran G, Garbar C, Bensussan A, Meeker A, Guillaume T, Rubinstein DB, Wreschner DH. In vivo anti-MUC1 + tumor activity and sequences of high-affinity anti-MUC1-SEA antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1337-1352. [PMID: 32219500 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of the MUC1 glycoprotein yields two subunits, an extracellular alpha-subunit bound to a smaller transmembrane beta-subunit. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the MUC1 alpha-beta junction comprising the SEA domain, a stable cell-surface moiety, were generated. Sequencing of all seven anti-SEA domain mAbs showed that they clustered into four groups and sequences of all groups are presented here. mAb DMB5F3 with picomolar affinity for the MUC1 SEA target was selected for further evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining of a series of malignancies with DMB5F3 including lung, prostate, breast, colon, and pancreatic carcinomas revealed qualitative and qualitative differences between MUC1 expression on normal versus malignant cells: DMB5F3 strongly stained malignant cells in a near-circumferential pattern, whereas MUC1 in normal pancreatic and breast tissue showed only weak apical positivity of ductal/acinar cells. Humanized chimeric DMB5F3 linked to ZZ-PE38 (ZZ IgG-binding protein fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin) induced vigorous cytotoxicity of MUC1+ malignant cells in vitro. The intensity of cell killing correlated with the level of MUC1 expression by the target cell, suggesting a MUC1 expression threshold for cell killing. MUC1+ Colo357 pancreatic cancer cells xenotransplanted into nude and SCID mice models were treated with the chDMB5F3:ZZ-PE38 immunocomplex. In both transplant models, chDMB5F3:ZZ-PE38 exhibited significant in vivo anti-tumor activity, suppressing up to 90% of tumor volume in the SCID model compared with concomitant controls. The efficacy of chDMB5F3:ZZ-PE38 immunotoxin in mediating tumor killing both in vitro and in vivo strongly suggests a clinical role for anti-MUC1 SEA antibody in the treatment of MUC1-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pichinuk
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Chalik
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Ginat-Koton
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Ziv
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Nechama I Smorodinsky
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Haran
- Gynecology-Oncology Division, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | - Christian Garbar
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Institut Jean-Godinot, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 976, Université Paris Diderot, 75475, Paris, France
| | - Alan Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Thierry Guillaume
- Division of Hematology, Hôtel-Dieu, University Hospital Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Daniel H Wreschner
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel. .,BioModifying, LLC., Silver Spring, MD, 20902, USA.
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Jiang ZM, Li HB, Chen SG. PIMREG, a Marker of Proliferation, Facilitates Aggressive Development of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Partly Through Regulating Cell Cycle-Related Markers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820979681. [PMID: 33356974 PMCID: PMC7768323 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820979681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) is a protein associated with cell proliferation. Its aberrant expression was reported to be correlated with the development in multiple tumors. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CAA) has not yet been evaluated in detail. METHODS Data were acquired from the public TCGA database for evaluating the expression pattern of PIMREG and assessing its clinical relevance as well as its correlation with overall survival. RBE and HUH28 cell lines were selected to perform loss- and gain-of-function of PIMREG assays respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of PIMREG. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation tests, and Transwell assays served to measure the effect of PIMREG on the proliferative, invasive and migratory capacities of CAA cells, appropriately. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify PIMREG associated gene set, which was further confirmed by western blot. RESULTS PIMREG was found to be highly expressed in CAA tissues and cell lines according to the public dataset and RT-qPCR analysis, and negatively related to the prognosis of patients with CAA. Moreover, knockdown of PIMREG suppressed and overexpression of PIMREG promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of CAA cells. Furthermore, GSEA revealed that high PIMREG expression was positively associated with cell cycle signaling. And the next western blot analysis demonstrated that silencing PIMREG resulted in a reduction on the levels of p-CDK1, CCNE1, and CCNB1, whereas PIMREG overexpression led to an opposite result. CONCLUSION The results suggested that PIMREG facilitates the growth, invasion and migration of CAA cells partly by regulating the cell cycle relative biomarkers, revealing that PIMREG may be a crucial molecule in the progression of CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Mengyin County People’s Hospital,
Mengyin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Second Department of Surgery, Menglianggu Branch of Mengyin County
People’s Hospital, Duozhuang Town, Mengyin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Guo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Mengyin County People’s Hospital,
Mengyin, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Clinical Trials with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and CAR-T Cell Transplantation for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1292:113-130. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of MUC Family Members in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:2391670. [PMID: 31933627 PMCID: PMC6942850 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2391670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the association between MUC expression levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and prognosis and investigate the associations between MUC expression levels and CRC clinicopathological characteristics. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception through September 13, 2019, to identify studies investigating the association between MUC expression levels in CRC tissues and prognosis. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate associations between MUC expression levels and prognosis or clinicopathological characteristics, respectively. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the I2 values, whereas the likelihood of publication bias was assessed by Egger's linear regression and Begg's rank correlation test. Results Among 33 included studies (n = 6032 patients), there were no associations between combined MUC phenotype expression levels and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with CRC. In subgroup analyses, the upregulated MUC1 expression (HR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29–1.74; P < 0.00001) was associated with poor OS. However, the upregulated MUC2 expression (HR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52–0.79; P < 0.00001) was associated with better OS. Furthermore, a high level of MUC1 expression (HR = 1.99; 95% CI, 0.99–3.99; P = 0.05) was associated with shorter DFS/RFS. However, patients with a low level of MUC2 tumors showed better DFS/RFS than patients with a high level of MUC2 tumors (HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.49–1.04; P = 0.08; P = 0.0.009, I2 = 67%) and MUC5AC expression (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.82; P = 0.003) was associated with longer DFS/RFS. In addition, a high level of MUC1 expression was associated with CRC in the rectum, deeper invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, advanced tumor stage, and lymphatic invasion. A high level of MUC2 expression had a protective effect. High secretion of MUC5AC is associated with colon cancer compared with rectal cancer. Conclusion The protein expression of MUC1 might be a poor biomarker in colorectal cancer and might play a role in tumor transformation and metastasis. However, the protein expression of MUC2 expression might have a protective effect. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of large patients are needed to confirm the results.
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26
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Fini ME, Jeong S, Gong H, Martinez-Carrasco R, Laver NMV, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Argüeso P. Membrane-associated mucins of the ocular surface: New genes, new protein functions and new biological roles in human and mouse. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100777. [PMID: 31493487 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal glycocalyx of the ocular surface constitutes the point of interaction between the tear film and the apical epithelial cells. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the defining molecules of the glycocalyx in all mucosal epithelia. Long recognized for their biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion, MAMs maintain the wet ocular surface, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film and create a physical barrier to the outside world. However, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs also function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. A number of excellent review articles have provided perspective on the field as it has progressed since 1987, when molecular cloning of the first MAM was reported. The current article provides an update for the ocular surface, placing it into the broad context of findings made in other organ systems, and including new genes, new protein functions and new biological roles. We discuss the epithelial tissue-equivalent with mucosal differentiation, the key model system making these advances possible. In addition, we make the first systematic comparison of MAMs in human and mouse, establishing the basis for using knockout mice for investigations with the complexity of an in vivo system. Lastly, we discuss findings from human genetics/genomics, which are providing clues to new MAM roles previously unimagined. Taken together, this information allows us to generate hypotheses for the next stage of investigation to expand our knowledge of MAM function in intracellular signaling and roles unique to the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Nora M V Laver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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27
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Tang Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Fu W, Lin Y, Su G, Li Y, Meng W, Li X, Xie X. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis and Evaluation of the Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:3985-3999. [PMID: 31417643 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients have poor outcomes since the late diagnosis limits the benefits of surgery therapy and curative treatment options. The present study was designed to screen the biomarkers for CCA patients. Methods: Quantitative iTRAQ proteomic analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins between CCA and pericarcineous tissue. We examined the expression profile of PRDX2, BGN, LUM, and PPP3CA in CCA tissue using immunohistochemistry. We further investigated the correlation between PPP3CA expression and the survival of CCA patients (n=91). Results: 2,886 confidential proteins were identified by using the iTRAQ technique, 233 of which were differentially expressed. PRDX2, BGN, PPP3CA, and LUM were expressed in CCA tissue, whereas they were not expressed in choledocal cyst tissue except for LUM. PPP3CA was expressed in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells in 22 cases (24.2%) of 91 CCA patients. Patients with PPP3CA-positive expression showed a significantly shorter survival period than did non-expressing patients (P = 0.030). The univariate analysis showed that tumor size (P = 0.002), vascular invasion (P = 0.001), histological grading (P = 0.011), and PPP3CA expression (P = 0.033) were statistically significant risk factors affecting the prognosis of CCA patients. The multivariate analysis demonstrated PPP3CA expression (P = 0.009) and vascular invasion (P = 0.012) were statistically significant independent risk factors of CCA patients. Conclusions: The results suggested that the expression of PPP3CA in CCA patients is a new independent factor for poor prognosis and a useful prognostic predictor for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Tang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Genetics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland OHIO 44195, USA
| | - Wenbo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,The second department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Genetics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A body of evidence has suggested that mucins play an important role in adhesion, invasion, and cancer metastasis. However, this evidence is scarce and sometimes confusing. OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies to better define the role of mucins in the behavior of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Medical literature was searched through November 30, 2017, using suitable keywords. Pooled estimates, that is, odd ratios (ORs), were obtained using fixed or random-effects models, as appropriate. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with the Cochran Q test and I values, whereas the likelihood of publication bias was assessed by constructing funnel plots. Their symmetry was estimated by the Begg and Mazumdar adjusted rank correlation test and by the Egger regression test. RESULTS A total of 2234 CRC patients were included in 12 studies, eligible for meta-analysis. There was a significant difference concerning total mucin expression between CRC patients and controls [pooled ORs (95% confidence interval)=8.156 (2.624-25.354), test for overall effect Z=3.627, P<0.0001]. There was no significant publication bias. This significant difference was constricting to MUC1. In addition, there was a significance concerning MUC1 overexpression according to the stage of CRC, that is advanced stage versus localized disease [ORs (95% confidence interval)=2.724 (1.211-6.127), Z= 2.423, P=0.015], as opposed to MUC2 and MUC4. CONCLUSIONS MUC1 is overexpressed in CRC tissue comparing with healthy mucosa, and may have a role in the neoplastic transformation and metastatic process. MUC2 has probably no role in carcinogenesis.
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29
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Khemiri M, Doghri R, Mrad K, Friedrich K, Oueslati R. Mucin-1 expression and localization in epithelial cells shows characteristic and distinct patterns in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1731-1737. [PMID: 31933991 PMCID: PMC6947141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in colonic mucus secretion are linked to the induction and maintenance of inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its progression to colorectal cancer (CRC). MUC1, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is the best studied cell surface mucin in mouse models of IBD and CRC. However, little information on MUC1 expression and localization in different types of pathologic human colon mucosa is available. In this work, expression and subcellular localization of MUC1 in different types of diseased human colon mucosa from a cohort of Tunisian patients is analyzed and correlated with the type of disorder. Colon tissue samples were obtained from 39 cases of CRC and 18 cases of IBD. 13 cases of normal adjacent colon mucosa tissues served as controls. Biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of MUC1 expression. Signals were quantified densitometrically and characterized with regard to tissue and intracellular distribution. Results were then correlated with the different types of colon disorder. Immunohistochemical investigation of MUC1 in a cohort of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer showed a significant divergence in the expression of MUC1 in terms intensity (18.96% ± 0.55 vs 27.26% ± 1.24 respectively; P=0.005) and localization between the two types of lesions (30.76% vs 70.96% respectively; P=0.0199). Our findings show divergent characteristic patterns for MUC1 expression and localization in different types of pathologic alterations of the colon mucosa. These results are of potential diagnostic and predictive clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Khemiri
- Unit of Immunology and Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage UniversityZarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz InstituteBab Saadoun 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Mrad
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz InstituteBab Saadoun 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ridha Oueslati
- Unit of Immunology and Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage UniversityZarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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Belnoue E, Mayol JF, Carboni S, Di Berardino Besson W, Dupuychaffray E, Nelde A, Stevanovic S, Santiago-Raber ML, Walker PR, Derouazi M. Targeting self and neo-epitopes with a modular self-adjuvanting cancer vaccine. JCI Insight 2019; 5:127305. [PMID: 31013258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of a potent CD4 and CD8 T-cell response against tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigen is critical for eliminating tumor cells. Recent vaccination strategies have been hampered by an inefficacious and low amplitude immune response. Here we describe a self-adjuvanted chimeric protein vaccine platform to address these challenges, characterized by a multidomain construction incorporating (i) a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) allowing internalization of several multiantigenic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-restricted peptides within (ii) the multiantigenic domain (Mad) and (iii) a TLR2/4 agonist domain (TLRag). Functionality of the resulting chimeric protein is based on the combined effect of the above-mentioned three different domains for simultaneous activation of antigen presenting cells and antigen cross-presentation, leading to an efficacious multiantigenic and multiallelic cellular immune response. Helper and cytotoxic T-cell responses were observed against model-, neo- and self-antigens, and were highly potent in several murine tumor models. The safety and the immunogenicity of a human vaccine candidate designed for colorectal cancer treatment was demonstrated in a non-human primate model. This newly engineered therapeutic vaccine approach is promising for the treatment of poorly infiltrated tumors that do not respond to currently marketed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Annika Nelde
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanovic
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Paul R Walker
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva and Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Mucins: the Old, the New and the Promising Factors in Hepatobiliary Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061288. [PMID: 30875782 PMCID: PMC6471604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are large O-glycoproteins with high carbohydrate content and marked diversity in both the apoprotein and the oligosaccharide moieties. All three mucin types, trans-membrane (e.g., MUC1, MUC4, MUC16), secreted (gel-forming) (e.g., MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6) and soluble (non-gel-forming) (e.g., MUC7, MUC8, MUC9, MUC20), are critical in maintaining cellular functions, particularly those of epithelial surfaces. Their aberrant expression and/or altered subcellular localization is a factor of tumour growth and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and several anti-cancer agents. Abnormal expression of mucins was observed in human carcinomas that arise in various gastrointestinal organs. It was widely believed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) does not produce mucins, whereas cholangiocarcinoma (CC) or combined HCC-CC may produce these glycoproteins. However, a growing number of reports shows that mucins can be produced by HCC cells that do not exhibit or are yet to undergo, morphological differentiation to biliary phenotypes. Evaluation of mucin expression levels in precursors and early lesions of CC, as well as other types of primary liver cancer (PLC), conducted in in vitro and in vivo models, allowed to discover the mechanisms of their action, as well as their participation in the most important signalling pathways of liver cystogenesis and carcinogenesis. Analysis of mucin expression in PLC has both basic research and clinical value. Mucins may act as oncogenes and tumour-promoting (e.g., MUC1, MUC13), and/or tumour-suppressing factors (e.g., MUC15). Given their role in promoting PLC progression, both classic (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6) and currently tested mucins (e.g., MUC13, MUC15, MUC16) have been proposed to be important diagnostic and prognostic markers. The purpose of this review was to summarize and update the role of classic and currently tested mucins in pathogenesis of PLC, with explaining the mechanisms of their action in HCC carcinogenesis. It also focuses on determination of the diagnostic and prognostic role of these glycoproteins in PLC, especially focusing on HCC, CC and other hepatic tumours with- and without biliary differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska Street 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland.
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Sun Y, Wu X, Zhang Y, Lin H, Lu X, Huang Y, Chi P. Pathological complete response may underestimate distant metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery: Incidence, metastatic pattern, and risk factors. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 45:1225-1231. [PMID: 30879932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the pattern of tumor relapse of pathological complete response (pCR) patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME), and to identify predictive factors of distant metastasis in pCR patients after nCRT. METHOD This was a retrospective analysis of 118 LARC patients who achieved a pCR following nCRT and TME from 2008 to 2015. Clinicopathological and therapeutic parameters were evaluated as possible predictors of distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and COX regression analysis was performed. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 57 months, the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 94.7% and 88.1%, respectively. Overall, 6 patients (5.1%) died, no local recurrence occurred, 13 patients (11%) developed distant metastases, including lung (n = 5), liver (n = 2), bone (n = 3), lung and brain (n = 1), peritoneal (n = 1), and spleen (n = 1) metastasis. On univariate analysis, tumor distance from the anal verge (HR = 0.706, P = 0.039), acellular mucin pools (HR = 6.687, P = 0.002), and MUC1 expression (HR = 8.280, P < 0.001) were independently associated with DMFS. COX regression demonstrated that MUC1 expression (HR = 3.812, P = 0.041) remained to be an independent predictor of DMFS in pCR patients. CONCLUSION Distant metastasis still remained a major concern in pCR patients following nCRT and TME. Tumor distance from the anal verge, acellular mucin pools, and MUC1 expression were associated with distant metastasis in patients with pCR. MUC1 staining remained to be an independent risk factor for DMFS. Such information could facilitate treatment decision in these patients, such as adjuvant chemotherapy and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xuejing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Huiming Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xingrong Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Liu B, Saber A, Haisma HJ. CRISPR/Cas9: a powerful tool for identification of new targets for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:955-970. [PMID: 30849442 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (Cas9), as a powerful genome-editing tool, has revolutionized genetic engineering. It is widely used to investigate the molecular basis of different cancer types. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies in which CRISPR/Cas9 has been used for the identification of potential molecular targets. Based on the collected data, we suggest here that CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective system to distinguish between mutant and wild-type alleles in cancer. We show that several new potential therapeutic targets, such as CD38, CXCR2, MASTL, and RBX2, as well as several noncoding (nc)RNAs have been identified using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We also discuss the obstacles and challenges that we face for using CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Saber
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde J Haisma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Li C, Liu T, Yin L, Zuo D, Lin Y, Wang L. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14659. [PMID: 30817589 PMCID: PMC6831235 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports the overexpression of mucin 1 (MUC1) in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the value of elevated MUC1 expression remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases, as well as the China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for studies on MUC1 expression and prognosis of CRC through July 20, 2018. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in CRC. The Revman version 5.3 package and STATA, version 12 were employed for pooled analysis and analysis of publication bias. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 16 published studies. The combined analysis showed that CRC patients with high MUC1 expression had a worse clinical outcome in overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.30-1.75, P <.00001). In addition, high MUC1 expression was associated with higher TNM stage (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17-1.77, P = .0007), greater depth of invasion (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.53, P = .002), and lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.20-1.80, P = .0002) of CRC. However, the elevated MUC1 expression was not related to disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.78-2.89, P = .22), histological grade (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.96-1.38, P = .12), gender (RR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.83-1.08, P = .44), tumor size (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.85-1.44, P = .44), tumor site (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.88-1.16, P = .84), or mucinous component (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.60-1.14, P = .24) in CRC. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that high MUC1 expression represents a marker of poor prognosis in CRC. Meanwhile, elevated MUC1 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, greater depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Libin Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Didi Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
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Tang Z, Yang Y, Wang X, Meng W, Li X. Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-sialylated mucin1 and the prognostic role of mucin1 in human cholangiocarcinoma. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e021693. [PMID: 30700476 PMCID: PMC6352767 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a widely used tumour marker for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, it is not a necessarily good CCA marker in terms of diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of Wisteria floribundaagglutinin-sialylated Mucin1 (WFA-MUC1) and the prognostic role of Mucin1 (MUC1) in human CCA. DESIGN Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to 11 October 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included reports assessing the diagnostic capacity of WFA-MUC1 and the prognostic role of MUC1 in CCA. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of WFA-MUC1 and/or CA19-9 was described, and the HRs including 95% CI and the corresponding p value for MUC1 can be extracted. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent researchers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity data of WFA-MUC1 were extracted and analysed as bivariate data. Pooled HRs and its 95% CI for MUC1 were calculated with a random-effects meta-analysis model on overall survival of resectable CCA. RESULTS Sixteen reports were included in this study. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of WFA-MUC1 were 0.76 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.81) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.83) in serum, 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.80) in bile and 0.72 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.87) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.93) in tissue, respectively. The summary ROC (SROC) were 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.81) in serum, 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.90) in bile and 0.86 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.89) in tissue, respectively. Furthermore, the pooled sensitivity and specificity and the SROC of CA19-9 in serum were 0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.72), 0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.93) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.79), respectively. The pooled HRs for MUC1 was 2.20 (95% CI 1.57 to 3.01) in CCA and 4.17 (95% CI 1.71 to 10.17) in mass-forming intrahepatic CCA. CONCLUSIONS Compared with CA19-9, WFA-MUC1 was shown to possess stronger diagnostic capability. MUC1 could serve as a prognosis factor for poor outcomes of CCA, particularly, mass-forming intrahepatic CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Tang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Díaz Del Arco C, Garré P, Molina Roldán E, Lorca V, Cerón Nieto MÁ, Fernández Aceñero MJ. MUC1 expression in colorectal carcinoma: Clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE PATOLOGIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CITOLOGIA 2018; 51:204-209. [PMID: 30269770 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MUC1 overexpression has been linked to cancer development and has been associated with a higher stage at diagnosis and presence of lymph node or distant metastases. However, its prognostic significance is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between MUC1 expression and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of MUC1 in 96 colorectal carcinomas with analysis of potential prognostic influence. RESULTS 55.2% of patients were women and the mean age was 65.9 years. Tumors were more frequently located in rectum or sigmoid colon (60.4% and 21.9%). Most tumors were T3 (60.3%). 36.9% of patients showed lymph node metastases and 30.2% showed distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. MUC1 was intensely positive in 46% and negative in 37.9% of tumors. Overall, 61% of patients recurred and 40.4% died during follow-up. 58.5% of tumors of surviving patients were intensely positive for MUC1 and 29.5% were negative, as compared with 28.5% (intense positivity) and 51.4% (negativity) in the group of patients who died (p=0.022). 65% of tumors of patients without recurrences showed intense positivity for MUC1 and 23% of them were negative as compared with 33.9% (intense positivity) and 47% (negativity) in the group of patients who recurred (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Loss of MUC1 expression was more frequent in cases with disease recurrence or death, as compared with patients with stable disease, in whom intense positivity was more frequently seen. These findings disagree with the majority of previous studies, indicating the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Garré
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina Roldán
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Lorca
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Kasprzak A, Siodła E, Andrzejewska M, Szmeja J, Seraszek-Jaros A, Cofta S, Szaflarski W. Differential expression of mucin 1 and mucin 2 in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4164-4177. [PMID: 30271081 PMCID: PMC6158483 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine tissue expression (mRNA, protein) of two types of mucins [mucin 1 (MUC1) and mucin 2 (MUC2)] in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Expression of membrane-bound mucin (MUC1) and secretory mucin (MUC2) in CRC (mRNA, protein) were analyzed in tissue material including fragments of tumors obtained from CRC patients (n = 34), and fragments of normal colorectal tissue from the same patients (control). The analysis was conducted using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (transcripts), immunohistochemistry (IHC) (apomucins), and the modern approach for morphometric analysis of IHC reaction (HSV filter software). Results on tissue expression of both mucins (mRNA, protein) were compared to histological alterations in colorectal cancer samples and correlated with selected clinical data in the patients. The statistical analysis was conducted using Statistica PL v. 12.0 software. RESULTS Significantly higher expression of the MUC1 mRNA in the CRC, compared with the control and the borderline correlation of mRNA expression with MUC1 protein levels in colorectal samples was observed. The expression of apomucins concerned cell membranes (MUC1) and cytoplasm (MUC2) and occurred both in control tissues and in most cancerous samples. There were no significant relationships between MUC1 (mRNA, protein) and the clinicopathological data of patients. MUC2 protein expression was significantly lower as compared to the control, while MUC2 mRNA expression was comparable in both groups. The MUC1/MUC2 ratio was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in the control. The higher expression of MUC2 was a feature of mucinous CRC subtypes, and characterized higher histological stage of tumors. Negative correlations have been obtained between MUC2 and the Ki-67 antigen, as well as between MUC2 and p53 protein expressions in CRC. CONCLUSION A combination of tissue overexpression of MUC1, reduced MUC2 expression, and high ratio of MUC1/MUC2 is a factor of poor prognosis in CRC patients. MUC2 tissue expression allows to differentiate mucinous and nonmucinous CRC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Siodła
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland
| | - Jacek Szmeja
- Chair and Department of General Surgery, Endocrinological and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-355, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Chair of Clinical Pathomorphology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-529, Poland
| | - Szczepan Cofta
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan 60-569, Poland
| | - Witold Szaflarski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies in the kidney have revealed that the well characterized tumor antigen mucin 1 (MUC1/Muc1) also has numerous functions in the normal and injured kidney. RECENT FINDINGS Mucin 1 is a transmembrane mucin with a robust glycan-dependent apical targeting signal and efficient recycling from endosomes. It was recently reported that the TRPV5 calcium channel is stabilized on the cell surface by galectin-dependent cross-linking to mucin 1, providing a novel mechanism for regulation of ion channels and normal electrolyte balance.Our recent studies in mice show that Muc 1 is induced after ischemia, stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α and β-catenin levels, and transactivating the HIF-1 and β-catenin protective pathways. However, prolonged induction of either pathway in the injured kidney can proceed from apparent full recovery to chronic kidney disease. A very recent report indicates that aberrant activation of mucin 1 signaling after ischemic injury in mice and humans is associated with development of chronic kidney disease and fibrosis. A frameshift mutation in MUC1 was recently identified as the genetic lesion causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1, now appropriately renamed MUC1 Kidney Disease. SUMMARY Studies of mucin 1 in the kidney now reveal significant functions for the extracellular mucin-like domain and signaling through the cytoplasmic tail.
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Tas EE, Yavuz AF. The prognostic significance of preoperative serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels in endometrial carcinomas. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:1096-1100. [PMID: 29114696 PMCID: PMC5767611 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.11.20479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the associations between serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels and prognostic factors in patients with endometrial carcinomas. Additionally, we investigated the clinical utility of serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels in the selection of low-risk patients with endometrioid type, tumor size less than 2 cm, myometrial invasion ≤50%, and histological grade 1-2. Methods: Ninety-six patients, who were surgically staged at Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey, between 2007 and 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics were retrieved from the patients' hospital records. A p less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Fifteen patients had advanced (≥Stage II) disease, 14 patients had Type 2 histology, 20 patients had Grade 3 tumors, 23 patients had lymphovascular space invasion, and 10 patients had positive lymph node involvement. Serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with advanced (≥Stage II) disease, Type 2 histology, Grade 3 tumors, lymphovascular space invasion, and positive lymph node involvement (p less than 0.05). Serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels were also significantly correlated with tumor size (p=0.006). Serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels were significantly lower (95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.79; p=0.03) in low-risk patients compared to other endometrial carcinoma patients. A cutoff of 25.0 IU/mL was used to identify high-risk patients with a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels significantly correlated with prognostic factors and were a useful diagnostic tool for endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre E Tas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail.
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Okano K, Yoshizawa T, Miura T, Ishido K, Kudo D, Kimura N, Wakiya TI, Wu Y, Morohashi S, Hakamada K, Kijima H. Impact of the histological phenotype of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:54-60. [PMID: 29387397 PMCID: PMC5769285 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of histological phenotypes was originally conceived for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Recently, it has been introduced for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations between histological phenotype and clinicopathological features of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, using 99 cases of surgically-resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. All cases were divided into one of two histological phenotypes: Biliary-type (BT; 56 cases, 56.6%) or metaplastic-type (MT; 43 cases, 43.4%). The clinicopathological features were compared between these two phenotypes. BT tumors exhibited significantly poorer differentiation, more frequent lymph node metastasis (BT vs. MT, 42.9 vs. 30.2%; P=0.042), more severe venous invasion (v2-3: BT vs. MT, 64.3 vs. 23.3%; P<0.001), and more severe perineural invasion (ne2-3: BT vs. MT, 78.6 vs. 48.8%, P=0.002). Furthermore, the overall (P=0.015) and disease-free (P=0.003) survival times were significantly decreased in patients with BT vs. MT tumors. In conclusion, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a BT phenotype has greater malignant potential, and may be an important predictive factor for poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tai-Ichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 13:16-26. [PMID: 29107016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are patient T cells that are transduced with genetically engineered synthetic receptors to target a cancer cell surface antigen. The remarkable clinical response rates achieved by adoptive transfer of T cells that target CD19 in patients with leukemia and lymphoma have led to a growing number of clinical trials exploring CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors. Herein, we review the evolution of adoptive T-cell therapy; highlight advances in CAR T-cell therapy for thoracic malignancies; and summarize the targets being investigated in clinical trials for patients with lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, and esophageal cancer. We further discuss the barriers to successfully translating CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors and present strategies that have been investigated to overcome these hurdles.
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Kotzsch M, Kirchner T, Soelch S, Schäfer S, Friedrich K, Baretton G, Magdolen V, Luther T. Inverse association of rab31 and mucin-1 (CA15-3) antigen levels in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer tissues with clinicopathological parameters and patients' prognosis. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1959-1970. [PMID: 28979817 PMCID: PMC5622229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of rab31, a member of the large Rab protein family of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, has been observed in several types of cancer, including breast cancer. Rab31, depending on its expression level, may regulate the switch between an invasive versus proliferative phenotype of breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, gene expression of rab31 is induced by the C-terminal subunit of mucin-1 (MUC1-C) and estrogen receptors (ER). To gain further insights into the clinical relevance of rab31 and mucin-1 expression in breast cancer, we analyzed the relation between rab31 and mucin-1 (CA15-3) antigen levels in detergent tissue extracts of ER-positive (ER+) tumors and clinicopathological parameters as well as patients' prognosis. No significant correlation was observed between rab31 and CA15-3 antigen levels. Elevated rab31 antigen levels in tumor tissue extracts were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.021). Strikingly, an inverse significant association was observed for CA15-3 with tumor grade (P = 0.032). Furthermore, high rab31 antigen levels were significantly associated with a high S-phase fraction (SPF, P = 0.047), whereas a trend for lower CA15-3 antigen levels in tumor tissue displaying higher SPF was observed. High rab31 antigen levels were significantly associated with poor 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of ER+ breast cancer patients in univariate Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.14-3.17, P = 0.013). In contrast, high levels of CA15-3 antigen levels were associated with better patients' prognosis (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.33-0.95, P = 0.031). In multivariable analysis, rab31 antigen levels contributed independent prognostic information for DFS when adjusted for prognostically relevant clinicopathological parameters with a HR for high versus low values of 1.97 (95% CI = 1.09-3.54, P = 0.024), whereas CA15-3 antigen levels were not significant. Our results strongly suggest that rab31 antigen levels in tumor tissue are associated with the proliferative status, and rab31 represents an independent biomarker for prognosis in ER+ breast cancer patients. Total mucin-1 (CA 15-3) levels are rather inversely associated with tumor grade and SPF, and elevated levels even indicate prolonged DFS in ER+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kotzsch
- Medizinisches Labor OstsachsenD-02526 Bautzen, Germany
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität DresdenD-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Soelch
- Klinische Forschergruppe, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Technische Universität MünchenD-81675 München, Germany
| | - Sonja Schäfer
- Klinische Forschergruppe, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Technische Universität MünchenD-81675 München, Germany
| | - Katrin Friedrich
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität DresdenD-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität DresdenD-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Klinische Forschergruppe, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Technische Universität MünchenD-81675 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Luther
- Medizinisches Labor OstsachsenD-02526 Bautzen, Germany
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität DresdenD-01307 Dresden, Germany
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MUC1 overexpression predicts worse survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90315-90326. [PMID: 29163831 PMCID: PMC5685752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the prognostic role of MUC1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to appraise the clinicopathological and prognostic effect of MUC1 in NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) were conducted and relevant studies were extracted. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate effects. Heterogeneity among studies and publication bias were also evaluated. Results A total of 15 studies with 1,682 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HRs indicated that elevated MUC1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.47–3.05; P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (HR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.53-2.62; P < 0.001) in patients with NSCLC. Significant associations were also found in patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) (HR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.21–4.52, P < 0.001) and with a platinum-based regimen (HR = 4.35, 95% CI: 2.45–7.72, P < 0.001). Additionally, MUC1 overexpression was significantly associated with performance status (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.13–4.73, P = 0.021). Conclusions MUC1 could be a valuable biomarker of the prognoses of NSCLC patients.
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Bouillez A, Adeegbe D, Jin C, Hu X, Tagde A, Alam M, Rajabi H, Wong KK, Kufe D. MUC1-C promotes the suppressive immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1338998. [PMID: 28932637 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1338998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer immune microenvironment is of importance for the effectiveness of immunotherapy; however, its dysregulation is poorly understood. The MUC1-C oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been linked to the induction of PD-L1. The present work investigated the effects of targeting MUC1-C in an immuno-competent MUC1 transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mouse model. We show that Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells expressing MUC1-C (LLC/MUC1) exhibit upregulation of PD-L1 and suppression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In studies of LLC/MUC1 cells growing in vitro and as tumors in MUC1.Tg mice, treatment with the MUC1-C inhibitor, GO-203, was associated with the downregulation of PD-L1 and induction of IFN-γ. The results further demonstrate that targeting MUC1-C results in enhanced effector function of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as evidenced by increased expression of the activation marker CD69, the degranulation marker CD107α, and granzyme B. Notably, targeting MUC1-C was also associated with marked increases in TIL-mediated killing of LLC/MUC1 cells. Analysis of gene expression data sets further showed that overexpression of MUC1 in NSCLCs correlates negatively with CD8, IFNG and GZMB, and that decreases in CD8 and IFNG are associated with poor clinical outcomes. These findings in LLC/MUC1 tumors and in NSCLCs indicate that MUC1-C→PD-L1 signaling promotes the suppression of CD8+ T-cell activation and that MUC1-C is a potential target for reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bouillez
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Adeegbe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiufeng Hu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashujit Tagde
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maroof Alam
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bouillez A, Rajabi H, Jin C, Samur M, Tagde A, Alam M, Hiraki M, Maeda T, Hu X, Adeegbe D, Kharbanda S, Wong KK, Kufe D. MUC1-C integrates PD-L1 induction with repression of immune effectors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4037-4046. [PMID: 28288138 PMCID: PMC5509481 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, have improved the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), supporting the premise that evasion of immune destruction is of importance for NSCLC progression. However, the signals responsible for upregulation of PD-L1 in NSCLC cells and whether they are integrated with the regulation of other immune-related genes are not known. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is aberrantly overexpressed in NSCLC, activates the NF-κB p65→ZEB1 pathway and confers a poor prognosis. The present studies demonstrate that MUC1-C activates PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells. We show that MUC1-C increases NF-κB p65 occupancy on the CD274/PD-L1 promoter and thereby drives CD274 transcription. Moreover, we demonstrate that MUC1-C-induced activation of NF-κB→ZEB1 signaling represses the TLR9, IFNG, MCP-1 and GM-CSF genes, and that this signature is associated with decreases in overall survival. In concert with these results, targeting MUC1-C in NSCLC tumors suppresses PD-L1 and induces these effectors of innate and adaptive immunity. These findings support a previously unrecognized central role for MUC1-C in integrating PD-L1 activation with suppression of immune effectors and poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouillez
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Rajabi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Jin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Samur
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Tagde
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Alam
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Hiraki
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Maeda
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Hu
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Adeegbe
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Kharbanda
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K-K Wong
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Kufe
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Phase I/II study of tecemotide as immunotherapy in Japanese patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 105:23-30. [PMID: 28236981 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unresectable stage III NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) confers a poor prognosis and interest is growing in the use of immunotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with this disease. We investigated the safety and efficacy of maintenance tecemotide, a mucin 1 (MUC1)-specific agent that induces T-cell responses to MUC1, versus placebo in Japanese patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC and no disease progression after primary chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥20 years with unresectable stage III NSCLC, stable disease or clinical response after primary chemoradiotherapy and performance status ≤1, were recruited across 25 centers in Japan. Patients were randomized 2:1 to tecemotide (930μg as lipopeptide) or placebo subcutaneously once weekly for 8 weeks, then every 6 weeks until disease progression or treatment withdrawal. Cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2 (maximum dose 600mg) was given intravenously 3days before the first dose of tecemotide. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, time to progression, time to treatment failure and safety. RESULTS The intent-to-treat population comprised 172 patients; 114 received tecemotide and 58 placebo. Baseline characteristics were comparable between treatment arms. Most patients (94%) received primary concurrent chemoradiotherapy. There was no apparent trend toward increased OS time with tecemotide over placebo (median 32.4 versus 32.2 months, hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.61-1.48; P=0.83). No improvements in secondary efficacy endpoints were observed. The frequency of treatment-related adverse events was similar, and serious adverse event rates were the same in both arms. There were no new safety signals. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support those from a randomized phase III study (START) of improved OS with tecemotide in the subgroup of patients treated with primary concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
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Tomita M, Ayabe T, Chosa E, Nose N, Nakamura K. Prognostic Significance of a Tumor Marker Index Based on Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Krebs von den Lungen-6 Levels in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:287-291. [PMID: 28240848 PMCID: PMC5563114 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.1.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We retrospectively analysed the prognostic significance of a tumor marker index (TMI) based on
preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels in nonsmall cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 176 NSCLC patients who had preoperative
serum CEA and KL-6 level measurements and had undergone curative surgery between 2009 and 2011. Results: The
5-year disease-specific survival of patients with high serum CEA levels was significantly poorer compared with that of
patients with normal levels. The value for patients with high serum KL-6 levels was also poor. Patients with both normal
serum CEA and KL-6 levels had a favourable prognosis, whereas those with both high serum CEA and KL-6 levels
had a poor outcome. The5-year disease-specific survival rate was 82.9% for patients in the low TMI group compared
to 47.5% in the high TMI group (p<0.01). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed prognostic significance
for TMI. Conclusions: TMI based on preoperative serum CEA and KL-6 levels might be useful for the prediction of
the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tomita
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan.
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Santos do Carmo F, Ricci-Junior E, Cerqueira-Coutinho C, Albernaz MDS, Bernardes ES, Missailidis S, Santos-Oliveira R. Anti-MUC1 nano-aptamers for triple-negative breast cancer imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography in inducted animals: initial considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:53-60. [PMID: 28053523 PMCID: PMC5191850 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s118482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and specific detection of tumors remains a barrier in oncology, especially in cases such as the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To address this gap, aptamers have found an important application in the recognition of tumor biomarkers such as mucin 1 (MUC1). However, there are still some difficulties in the use of aptamer, as their rapid biological clearance makes their use as drugs limited. In this study, the anti-MUC1 aptamer was used as a drug delivery system (DDS) for a radioactive polymeric nanoparticle (NP) in the imaging of TNBCs. Thus, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs loaded with the anti-MUC1 aptamer and labeled with technetium-99m were used for a biodistribution study and imaging of TNBC. The results confirmed that the NP was successfully obtained, with a mean size of 262 nm, according to the dynamic light scattering data. The biodistribution assay in induced animal models with TNBC showed that although there was a high capture by intestine (>30%), the DDS developed had a high tumor uptake (5%) and with great in vivo imaging properties, corroborating the possibility of use of this DDS as an imaging drug for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagner Santos do Carmo
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Biology Institute Roberto Alcantara Gomes; Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute
| | | | | | - Marta de Souza Albernaz
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Biology Institute Roberto Alcantara Gomes; University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiologics Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu P, Gao ZH, Ma JC, Yang J, Zhang YB, Yan HL, Yao JB, Da MX. Association between MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer: A meta-analysis based on ten case-control trials. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4576-4583. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i34.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between the MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC) by conducting a meta-analysis.
METHODS PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Database were searched for published case-control studies investigating the relationship between the MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and susceptibility to GC. Data were extracted and cross-checked from the case-control studies by two independent reviewers. Statistical analysis and heterogeneity test were conducted with Stata12.0.
RESULTS Ten case-control studies including 10700 GC patients and 12891 controls were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Results indicated that allele model (A vs G: OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.29-1.56, P < 0.001), dominant model (AA + AG vs GG: OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.21-1.61, P < 0.001), co-dominant model (AA vs GG: OR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.52-2.08, P < 0.001), and recessive model (AA vs AG+GG: OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.38-1.76, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with the risk of GC. Subgroup analysis showed that allele model (A vs G: OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.21-1.60), dominant model (AA vs GG: OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.51-2.66)and co-dominant model (AA vs AG+GG: OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.29-2.07) increased the risk of GC in Caucasians.
CONCLUSION The MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism is closely associated with the susceptibility to GC, and the allele A increases the risk of GC. MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism may be used as a potential biomarker for GC.
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Prognostic significance of preoperative serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 level in non-small cell lung cancer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 64:657-661. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-016-0706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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