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Howard PG, Zou P, Zhang Y, Huang F, Tesic V, Wu CYC, Lee RHC. Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114973. [PMID: 39326820 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Serum/Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is ubiquitous across a wide range of tissues, orchestrating numerous signaling pathways and associated with various human diseases. SGK1 has been extensively explored in diverse types of immune and inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, as well as cancer metastasis. These studies link SGK1 to cellular proliferation, survival, metabolism, membrane transport, and drug resistance. Recently, increasing research has focused on SGK1's role in neurological disorders, including a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease), brain injuries (e.g., cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury), psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression and drug addiction). SGK1 is emerging as an increasingly compelling therapeutic target across the spectrum of neurological disorders, supported by the availability of several effective agents. However, the conclusions of many studies observing the prevalence and function of SGK1 in neurological disorders are contradictory, necessitating a review of the SGK1 research within neurological disorders. Herein, we review recent literature on SGK1's primary functions within the nervous system and its impacts within different neurological disorders. We summarize significant findings, identify research gaps, and outline possible future research directions based on the current understanding of SGK1 to help further progress the understanding and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Grace Howard
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Peibin Zou
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA.
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA; Department of Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Zhang J, Gao L, Yang GL, Kong DZ. The effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on depression in combination with coronary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1369676. [PMID: 38745947 PMCID: PMC11091366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1369676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) have common risk mechanisms. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with the risk of depression combined with coronary heart disease. Methods This study was designed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. We will include case-control studies and cohort studies investigating the relationship between gene SNPs and depression and coronary heart disease comorbidities. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the risk of bias. When measuring dichotomous outcomes, we will use the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CIs) in a case-control study. Five genetic models (allele model, homozygous model, co-dominant model, dominant model, and recessive model) will be evaluated for each included study. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity will be performed. If necessary, post hoc analysis will be made according to different types. Results A total of 13 studies were included in this study, and the types of genes included are FKBP5 and SGK1 genes that act on glucocorticoid; miR-146a, IL-4-589, IL-6-174, TNF-α-308, CRP-717 genes that act on inflammatory mechanisms; eNOS genes from endothelial cells; HSP70 genes that act on the autoimmune response; ACE2 and MAS1 genes that act to mediate Ang(1-7) in the RAS system; 5-HTTLPR gene responsible for the transport of serotonin 5-HT and neurotrophic factor BDNF gene. There were three studies on 5-HTTLPR and BDNF genes, respectively, while there was only one study targeting FKBP5, SGK1, miR-146a, IL-4-589, IL-6-174, TNF-alpha-308, CRP-717, eNOS, HSP70, ACE2, and MAS1 genes. We did not perform a meta-analysis for genes reported in a single study, and meta-analysis was performed separately for studies exploring the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF genes. The results showed that for the 5-HTTLPR gene, there was a statistically significant association between 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphisms and depression in combination with coronary diseases (CHD-D) under the co-dominant model (LS vs LL: OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.20-2.59; SS vs LL: OR 2.80, 95%CI 1.45 to 5.41), the dominant model (LS+SS vs LL: OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.44 to 2.96), and the homozygous model (SS vs LL: OR 2.80 95%CI 1.45 to 5.5.41) were statistically significant for CHD-D, demonstrating that polymorphisms in the 5-HTTLPR gene are associated with the development of CHD-D and that the S allele in the 5-HTTLPR gene is likely to be a risk factor for CHD-D. For the BDNF gene, there were no significant differences between one of the co-dominant gene models (AA vs GG: OR 6.63, 95%CI 1.44 to 30.64), the homozygous gene model (AA vs GG: OR 6.63,95% CI 1.44 to 30.64), the dominant gene model (GA+AA vs GG: OR4.29, 95%CI 1.05 to 17.45), recessive gene model (AA vs GG+GA: OR 2.71, 95%CI 1.16 to 6.31), and allele model (A vs G: OR 2.59, 95%CI 1.18 to 5.67) were statistically significant for CHD-D, demonstrating that BDNFrs6265 gene polymorphisms are associated with the CHD-D development and that the A allele in the BDNFrs6265 gene is likely to be a risk factor for CHD-D. We analyzed the allele frequencies of SNPs reported in a single study and found that the SNPs in the microRNA146a gene rs2910164, the SNPs in the ACE2 gene rs2285666 and the SNPs in the SGK1 gene rs1743963 and rs1763509 were risk factors for the development of CHD-D. We performed a subgroup analysis of three studies involving the BDNFrs6265 gene. The results showed that European populations were more at risk of developing CHD-D than Asian populations in both dominant model (GA+AA vs GG: OR 10.47, 95%CI 3.53 to 31.08) and co-dominant model (GA vs GG: OR 6.40, 95%CI 1.98 to 20.73), with statistically significant differences. In contrast, the studies involving the 5-HTTLPR gene were all Asian populations, so subgroup analyses were not performed. We performed sensitivity analyses of studies exploring the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF rs6265 genes. The results showed that the results of the allele model, the dominant model, the recessive model, the homozygous model and the co-dominant model for both 5-HTTLPR and BDNF rs6265 genes were stable. Due to the limited number of studies of the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF genes, it was not possible to determine the symmetry of the funnel plot using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test. Therefore, we did not assess publication bias. Discussion SNPs of the microRNA146a gene at rs2910164, the ACE2 gene at the rs2285666 and the SGK1 gene at rs1743963 and rs1763509, and the SNPs at the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF gene loci are associated with the onset of comorbid depression in coronary heart disease. We recommend that future research focus on studying SNPs' impact on comorbid depression in coronary heart disease, specifically targeting the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF gene at rs6265. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021229371.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - De Zhao Kong
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Özdemir ÖÜ, Yurt K, Pektaş AN, Berk Ş. Evaluation and normalization of a set of reliable reference genes for quantitative sgk-1 gene expression analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans-focused cancer research. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38359339 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2317413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways have been discovered to play a role in aging and longevity, including the insulin/IGF-1 signaling system, AMPK pathway, TOR signaling, JNK pathway, and germline signaling. Mammalian serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (sgk-1), which has been associated with various disorders including hypertension, obesity, and tumor growth, limits survival in C. elegans by reducing DAF-16/FoxO activity while suppressing FoxO3 activity in human cell culture. C. elegans provides significant protection for a number of genes associated with human cancer. The best known of these are the lin-35/pRb (mammalian ortholog pRb) and CEP-1 (mammalian ortholog p53) genes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the expression analyzes of sgk-1, which is overexpressed in many types of mammalian cancer, in mutant lin-35 and to demonstrate the validation of reference genes in wild-type N2 and mutant lin-35 for C. elegans-focused cancer research. To develop functional genomic studies in C. elegans, we evaluated the expression stability of five candidate reference genes (act-1, ama-1, cdc-42, pmp-3, iscu-1) by quantitative real-time PCR using five algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, Delta Ct method, BestKeeper, RefFinder) in N2 and lin-35 worms. According to our findings, act-1 and cdc-42 were effective in accurately normalizing the levels of gene expression in N2 and lin-35. act-1 and cdc-42 also displayed the most consistent expression patterns, therefore they were utilized to standardize expression level of sgk-1. Furthermore, our results clearly showed that sgk-1 was upregulated in lin-35 worms compared to N2 worms. Our results highlight the importance of definitive validation using mostly expressed reference genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Ülkü Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kübra Yurt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Pektaş
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center (CUTAM), Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Berk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center (CUTAM), Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Maestro I, Madruga E, Boya P, Martínez A. Identification of a new structural family of SGK1 inhibitors as potential neuroprotective agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2153841. [PMID: 36637025 PMCID: PMC9848319 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in several neurodegenerative-related pathways such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, ionic channel regulation, and autophagy, among others. Despite its potential role as a pharmacological target against this kind of diseases, there are no reported inhibitors able to cross the BBB so far, being a field yet to be explored. In this context, a structure-based virtual screening against this kinase was performed, pointing out the deazapurine moiety as an interesting and easy-to-derivatize scaffold. Moreover, these inhibitors are able to i) exert neuroprotection in an in vitro model of AD and ii) block mitophagy in a PRKN-independent manner, reinforcing the hypothesis of SGK1 inhibitors as neuroprotective chemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Maestro
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Madruga
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,CONTACT Ana Martínez CIB-CSIC, Ramiro Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Vlachovsky SG, Di Ciano LA, Oddo EM, Azurmendi PJ, Silberstein C, Ibarra FR. Role of Female Sex Hormones and Immune Response in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension Development: Evidence from Experimental Models. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:405-419. [PMID: 37676461 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW Female sex hormones have systemic effects unrelated to their reproductive function. We describe experiences of different research groups and our own, on aspects related to the importance of female sex hormones on blood pressure (BP) regulation and salt-sensitivity-mediated BP response and salt sensitivity without alterations in BP, as well as renal sodium handling and interactions with the immune system. RECENT FINDINGS Changes in sodium intake in normotensive premenopausal women cause more BP variations than in men. After menopause, women often develop arterial hypertension (HT) with a profile of sodium sensitivity. Besides, experimental results have shown that in adult rat models resembling the postmenopausal hormonal state induced by ovariectomy, controlling BP is not enough to avoid renal and other tissue infiltration with immune cells, which does not occur when sodium intake is low or normal. Therefore, excess sodium promotes an inflammatory state with the involvement of immune cells. The evidence of activation of adaptive immunity, besides changes in T cell subpopulations, includes changes in sodium transporters and receptors. More studies are needed to evaluate the particular sodium sensitivity of women and its meaning. Changes in lifestyle and sodium intake reduction are the main therapeutic steps. However, to face the actual burden of salt-sensitive HT in postmenopausal women and its associated inflammatory/immune changes, it seems reasonable to work on immune cell activity by considering the peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotypes of molecules and transport proteins related to sodium handle, both to screen for and treat cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Vlachovsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas A. Lanari, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Di Ciano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas A. Lanari, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina
| | - Elisabet M Oddo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas A. Lanari, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Azurmendi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas A. Lanari, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Silberstein
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica B. Houssay (IFIBIO-Houssay), Laboratorio de Fisiología Renal, Paraguay 2155, piso 4, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina.
| | - Fernando R Ibarra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas A. Lanari, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina.
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica B. Houssay (IFIBIO-Houssay), Laboratorio de Fisiología Renal, Paraguay 2155, piso 4, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina.
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Figueroa M, Hall S, Mattia V, Mendoza A, Brown A, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Richardson W, Ruddy JM. Vascular smooth muscle cell mechanotransduction through serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase-1 promotes interleukin-6 production and macrophage accumulation in murine hypertension. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100124. [PMID: 37920479 PMCID: PMC10618507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate that in vivo induction of hypertension (HTN) and in vitro cyclic stretch of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can cause serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK-1)-dependent production of cytokines to promote macrophage accumulation that may promote vascular pathology. Methods HTN was induced in C57Bl/6 mice with angiotensin II infusion (1.46 mg/kg/day × 21 days) with or without systemic infusion of EMD638683 (2.5 mg/kg/day × 21 days), a selective SGK-1 inhibitor. Systolic blood pressure was recorded. Abdominal aortas were harvested to quantify SGK-1 activity (pSGK-1/SGK-1) by immunoblot. Flow cytometry quantified the abundance of CD11b+/F480+ cells (macrophages). Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic VSMCs from wild-type mice were subjected to 12% biaxial cyclic stretch (Stretch) for 3 or 12 hours with or without EMD638683 (10 μM) and with or without SGK-1 small interfering RNA with subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for IL-6 and MCP-1 expression. IL-6 and MCP-1 in culture media were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic VSMCs from SGK-1flox+/+ mice were transfected with Cre-Adenovirus to knockdown SGK-1 (SGK-1KD VSMCs) and underwent parallel tension experimentation. Computational modeling was used to simulate VSMC signaling. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance with significance at a P value of <.05. Results SGK-1 activity, abundance of CD11b+/F4-80+ cells, and plasma IL-6 were increased in the abdominal aorta of mice with HTN and significantly reduced by treatment with EMD638683. This outcome mirrored the increased abundance of IL-6 in media from Stretch C57Bl/6 VSMCs and attenuation of the effect with EMD638683 or SGK-1 small interfering RNA. C57Bl/6 VSMCs also responded to Stretch with increased MCP-1 expression and secretion into the culture media. Further supporting the integral role of mechanical signaling through SGK-1, target gene expression and cytokine secretion was unchanged in SGK-1KD VSMCs with Stretch, and computer modeling confirmed SGK-1 as an intersecting node of signaling owing to mechanical strain and angiotensin II. Conclusions Mechanical activation of SGK-1 in aortic VSMCs can promote inflammatory signaling and increased macrophage abundance, therefore this kinase warrants further exploration as a pharmacotherapeutic target to abrogate hypertensive vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Figueroa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - SarahRose Hall
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Victoria Mattia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alex Mendoza
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Adam Brown
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - William Richardson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Li YH, Sun CC, Chen PM, Chen HH. SGK1 Target Genes Involved in Heart and Blood Vessel Functions in PC12 Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1641. [PMID: 37371111 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is expressed in neuronal cells and involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and metabolic syndrome, regulation of neuronal function, and depression in the brain. This study aims to identify the cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways of SGK1 in neuronal cells. In this study, the SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 is used to suppress SGK1 expression in PC12 cells using an in vitro neuroscience research platform. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the effects of SGK1 inhibition in nervous cells using mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and gene enrichment analysis. In total, 12,627 genes were identified, including 675 and 2152 DEGs at 48 and 72 h after treatment with GSK650394 in PC12 cells, respectively. Gene enrichment analysis data indicated that SGK1 inhibition-induced DEGs were enriched in 94 and 173 genes associated with vascular development and functional regulation and were validated using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and GEPIA2. Therefore, this study uses RNA-seq, DEG analysis, and GEPIA2 correlation analysis to identify positive candidate genes and signaling pathways regulated by SGK1 in rat nervous cells, which will enable further exploration of the underlying molecular signaling mechanisms of SGK1 and provide new insights into neuromodulation in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-He Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Sun
- Physical Examination Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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Souri F, Badavi M, Dianat M, Mard SA, Sarkaki A. Protective effects of gallic acid and SGK1 inhibitor on oxidative stress and cardiac damage in an isolated heart model of ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:308-315. [PMID: 36865044 PMCID: PMC9922370 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68045.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Oxidative stress and serum and glucocorticoid-induced Kinase 1 gene (SGK1) perform a central role in the consequences of ischemia in the heart. This research aimed to investigate the effect of coadministration of gallic acid and the GSK650394 (as SGK1 gene inhibitor) on the ischemic complications of a rat model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups with or without pretreatment with gallic acid for 10 days. After that, the heart was isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution. A 30 min of ischemia was performed followed by a 60 min reperfusion. In 2 groups, GSK650394 was infused 5 min before ischemia induction. Ten minutes after reperfusion commencement, cardiac marker enzyme (CK-MB, LDH, and cTn-I) activities were measured in the cardiac perfusate. At the end of reperfusion, the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, and Glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation (MDA), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), infarct size, and SGK1 gene expression were measured in the heart tissue. Results The results indicated that dual therapy with both drugs significantly improved endogenous anti-oxidant enzyme activity and TAC more than each drug alone. However, the heart marker enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, and cTn-I), MDA, ROS, infarct size, and SGK1 gene expression were reduced significantly compared with the ischemic group. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that concomitant administration of both drugs in the case of cardiac I/R injury may have a more beneficial effect than each one alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Souri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Badavi. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Blackwood EA, MacDonnell LF, Thuerauf DJ, Bilal AS, Murray VB, Bedi KC, Margulies KB, Glembotski CC. Noncanonical Form of ERAD Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2023; 147:66-82. [PMID: 36317534 PMCID: PMC9797446 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy increases demands on protein folding, which causes an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These misfolded proteins can be removed by the adaptive retrotranslocation, polyubiquitylation, and a proteasome-mediated degradation process, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which, as a biological process and rate, has not been studied in vivo. To investigate a role for ERAD in a pathophysiological model, we examined the function of the functional initiator of ERAD, valosin-containing protein-interacting membrane protein (VIMP), positing that VIMP would be adaptive in pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. METHODS We developed a new method involving cardiac myocyte-specific adeno-associated virus serovar 9-mediated expression of the canonical ERAD substrate, TCRα, to measure the rate of ERAD, ie, ERAD flux, in the heart in vivo. Adeno-associated virus serovar 9 was also used to either knock down or overexpress VIMP in the heart. Then mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction to induce pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. RESULTS ERAD flux was slowed in both human heart failure and mice after transverse aortic constriction. Surprisingly, although VIMP adaptively contributes to ERAD in model cell lines, in the heart, VIMP knockdown increased ERAD and ameliorated transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Coordinately, VIMP overexpression exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy, which was dependent on VIMP engaging in ERAD. Mechanistically, we found that the cytosolic protein kinase SGK1 (serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1) is a major driver of pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction, and that VIMP knockdown decreased the levels of SGK1, which subsequently decreased cardiac pathology. We went on to show that although it is not an ER protein, and resides outside of the ER, SGK1 is degraded by ERAD in a noncanonical process we call ERAD-Out. Despite never having been in the ER, SGK1 is recognized as an ERAD substrate by the ERAD component DERLIN1, and uniquely in cardiac myocytes, VIMP displaces DERLIN1 from initiating ERAD, which decreased SGK1 degradation and promoted cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS ERAD-Out is a new preferentially favored noncanonical form of ERAD that mediates the degradation of SGK1 in cardiac myocytes, and in so doing is therefore an important determinant of how the heart responds to pathological stimuli, such as pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Blackwood
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Lauren F. MacDonnell
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Donna J. Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Alina S. Bilal
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Victoria B. Murray
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher C. Glembotski
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ
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10
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Su Y, Wang B, Ye J, Wang Y, Cui Y, Chen C, Ruan N, Hu Z, Li L, Liu H, Xie H. Dexmedetomidine improves the acute stress reactivity of male rat through interventions of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and nNOS in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:155-162. [PMID: 36459879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Moderate acute stress responses are beneficial for adaptation and maintenance of homeostasis. Exposure of male rat to stress induces effects in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), for it can be activated by the same stimuli that induce activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the underlying mechanism of the BNST on male stress reactivity remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether systematic administration of dexmedetomidine (DEXM) altered the acute stress reactivity through its effect on the BNST. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the stress (STRE) group, DEXM group, and the DEXM + GSK-650394 (GSK, an antagonist of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1)) group, except those in the vehicle (VEH) group, underwent 1-h restraint plus water-immersion (RPWI) exposure. All the rats proceeded the open field test (OFT) 24 h before RPWI and 1 h after RPWI. After the second OFT, the rats received VEH, DEXM (75 μg/kg i.p.), or were pretreated with GSK (2 μM i.p.) 0.5 h ahead of DEXM respectively. The third OFT was conducted 6 h after drug administration and then the rats were sacrificed. The rats that experienced RPWI showed dramatically elevated serum corticosterone (CORT), multiplied neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and SGK1 in the BNST, and terrible OFT behavior. We discovered when the nNOS and SGK1 were decreased in the rat BNST through DEXM treatment, the serum CORT was reduced and the OFT manifestation was ameliorated, whereas these were restrained by GSK application. Our results reveal that modest interventions to SGK1 and nNOS in the BNST improve the male rat reactivity to acute stress, and DEXM was one modulator of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Benfu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunjiang Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Naqi Ruan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huacheng Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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11
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Verma AK, Ahmed SF, Hossain MS, Bhojiya AA, Upadhyay SK, Srivastava AK, Singh N, Harina H, Rahaman MM, Bahadur NM. Unlocking SGK1 inhibitor potential of bis-[1-N,7-N, pyrazolo tetraethoxyphthalimido{-4-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-(spiro-3-methylpyazolo)-1,7-dihydro-1H-dipyrazolo[3,4-b;4',3'-e]pyridin-8-yl)}]p-disubstituted phenyl compounds: a computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13412-13431. [PMID: 34696688 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1988711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SGK1 (Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1), a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by various stimuli, including serum and glucocorticoids. It controls inflammation, apoptosis, hormone release, neuro-excitability and cell proliferation, all of which play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. SGK1 was recently proposed as a potential drug target for cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, molecular docking, physiochemical, toxicological properties and molecular dynamic simulation of the Bis-[1-N,7-N, Pyrazolo tetraethoxyphthalimido{-4-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-(spiro-3-methylpyazolo)-1,7-dihydro-1H-dipyrazolo[3,4-b;4',3'-e]pyridin-8-yl)}]p-disubstituted phenyl compoundsand reference EMD638683 against new SGK1 target protein. Compared to the reference inhibitor EMD638683, we choose the best compounds (series 2-6) based on the binding energy (in the range from -11.0 to -10.6 kcal/mol). With the exception of compounds 2 and 6, none of the compounds posed a risk for AMES toxicity or carcinogenicity due to their toxicological properties. 100 ns MD simulation accompanied by MM/PBSA energy calculations and PCA. According to MD simulation results, the binding of compounds 3, 4 and 5 stabilizes the SGK1 structure and causes febrile conformational changes compared to EMD638683. As a result of this research, the final selected compounds 3, 4 and 5 can be used as scaffolds to develop promising SGK1 inhibitors for the treatment of related diseases such as cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sk Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Nripendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, V.B.S, Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harina Harina
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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12
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Forbes SC, Celoch K, Candow DG, Tartar JL. Gene Expression Changes of Murine Cortex Homeostasis in Response to Sleep Deprivation Hint Dysregulated Aging-like Transcriptional Responses. Brain Sci 2022; 12:825. [PMID: 35884632 PMCID: PMC9313387 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation leads to the deterioration in the physiological functioning of the brain, cognitive decline, and many neurodegenerative diseases, all of which progress with advancing age. Sleep insufficiency and impairments in cognitive function are characterized by progressive neuronal losses in the cerebral cortex. In this study, we analyze gene expression profiles following sleep-deprived murine models and circadian matched controls to identify genes that might underlie cortical homeostasis in response to sleep deprivation. Screening of the literature resulted in three murine (Mus musculus) gene expression datasets (GSE6514, GSE78215, and GSE33491) that included cortical tissue biopsies from mice that are sleep deprived for 6 h (n = 15) and from circadian controls that are left undisturbed (n = 15). Cortical differentially expressed genes are used to construct a network of encoded proteins that are ranked based on their interactome according to 11 topological algorithms. The analysis revealed three genes-NFKBIA, EZR, and SGK1-which exhibited the highest multi-algorithmic topological significance. These genes are strong markers of increased brain inflammation, cytoskeletal aberrations, and glucocorticoid resistance, changes that imply aging-like transcriptional responses during sleep deprivation in the murine cortex. Their potential role as candidate markers of local homeostatic response to sleep loss in the murine cortex warrants further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London W12 0BZ, UK;
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London W12 0BZ, UK;
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Kamil Celoch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; (K.C.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - Jaime L. Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; (K.C.); (J.L.T.)
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13
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Chen D, Wang Y, Yang F, Keranmu A, Zhao Q, Wu L, Han S, Xing N. The circRAB3IP Mediated by eIF4A3 and LEF1 Contributes to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Targeting miR-133a-3p/miR-133b/SGK1 Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752573. [PMID: 34868959 PMCID: PMC8634431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs are closely related to the carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about the effect of the biological functions of circRNAs on the enzalutamide resistance of PCa. Through bioinformatic analysis and experiments, we investigated the expression pattern of circRNAs in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of circRAB3IP, and plasmids that knock down or overexpress circRAB3IP were used to evaluate its effect on the enzalutamide sensitivity of PCa cells. Mechanistically, we explored the potential regulatory effects of eIF4A3 and LEF1 on the biogenesis of circRAB3IP. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicated that increased expression of circRAB3IP was found in enzalutamide-resistant PCa, and knockdown of circRAB3IP significantly enhanced enzalutamide sensitivity in PCa cells. However, upregulation of circRAB3IP resulted in the opposite effects. Further mechanistic research demonstrated that circRAB3IP could regulate the expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) by serving as a sponge that directly targets miR-133a-3p/miR-133b. Then, we showed that circRAB3IP partially exerted its biological functions via SGK1 signaling. Furthermore, we discovered that eIF4A3 and LEF1 might increase circRAB3IP expression in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Adili Keranmu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sujun Han
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Lv S, Li X, Zhao S, Liu H, Wang H. The Role of the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Protective Effect of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723569. [PMID: 34527675 PMCID: PMC8435706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury refers to the functional and structural changes in the process of blood flow recovery after ischemia. In addition to ischemia, the blood flow recovery can also lead to very harmful damage, such as the obvious cell swelling and the irreversible cell necrosis. I/R injury is related with many diseases, including myocardial I/R injury. Myocardial I/R injury refers to the aggravation of ischemic myocardial tissue injury due to sudden disorder of blood circulation. Although there are many studies on myocardial I/R injury, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), like carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, is an important gas signal molecule. It plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that H2S can improve myocardial I/R injury, however, its mechanism is not fully understood, especially the involved signal pathways. In this review, we summarize the related researches about the role of the signaling pathways involved in the protective effects of exogenous H2S on myocardial I/R injury, so as to provide theoretical reference for the future in-depth researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Lv
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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15
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de las Heras N, Galiana A, Ballesteros S, Olivares-Álvaro E, Fuller PJ, Lahera V, Martín-Fernández B. Proanthocyanidins Maintain Cardiac Ionic Homeostasis in Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179602. [PMID: 34502509 PMCID: PMC8431754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess aldosterone promotes pathological remodeling of the heart and imbalance in cardiac ion homeostasis of sodium, potassium and calcium. Novel treatment with proanthocyanidins in aldosterone-treated rats has resulted in downregulation of cardiac SGK1, the main genomic aldosterone-induced intracellular mediator of ion handling. It therefore follows that proanthocyanidins could be modulating cardiac ion homeostasis in aldosterone-treated rats. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1 mg kg−1 day−1) +1% NaCl for three weeks. Half of the animals in each group were simultaneously treated with the proanthocyanidins-rich extract (80% w/w) (PRO80, 5 mg kg−1 day−1). PRO80 prevented cardiac hypertrophy and decreased calcium content. Expression of ion channels (ROMK, NHE1, NKA and NCX1) and calcium transient mediators (CAV1.2, pCaMKII and oxCaMKII) were reduced by PRO80 treatment in aldosterone-treated rats. To conclude, our data indicate that PRO80 may offer an alternative treatment to conventional MR-blockade in the prevention of aldosterone-induced cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia de las Heras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Adrián Galiana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Elena Olivares-Álvaro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Peter J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-291-000 (ext. 3650)
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16
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Vlachovsky SG, Di Ciano LA, Oddo EM, Azurmendi PJ, Goette NP, Arrizurieta EE, Silberstein C, Ibarra FR. Ovariectomy and high salt increase blood pressure and alter sodium transport proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2107-2123. [PMID: 34320266 DOI: 10.1113/ep089553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? In a model of salt-sensitive hypertension in ovariectomized (oVx) adult Wistar rats, what is the expression of proteins related to sodium transport in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and how does the response of proteins to high sodium intake compare with changes in blood pressure in intact female rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Sodium transport proteins in PBMCs react to high sodium and blood pressure markedly differently in oVx versus intact female rats. Protein expression shows sodium and pressure sensitivity. Renal immune cells increase in oVx under high salt. ABSTRACT Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. High sodium consumption is associated with hypertension, and hypertensive mechanisms involve immunity cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are endowed with proteins related to sodium transport. We studied their abundance in PBMCs from intact (IF) or ovariectomized (oVx) adult Wistar rats under normal (NS) or high (HS) salt intake. Ovariectomy was performed at 60 days of life. At 145 days, one group of IF and oVx rats received NS or HS intake for 5 days. Another group of IF HS and oVx HS rats received hydralazine (HDZ) to reduce blood pressure (BP). Sodium balance and BP were recorded. Expression of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase (NKA), Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), dopamine D1 like receptor (D1DR), CD4+ and CD8+ were determined in PBMCs and CD45+ leukocytes in renal tissue. IF HS rats showed increased natriuresis and normal BP. NKA and CD4+ expression diminished in IF HS. Instead, oVx HS rats had sodium retention and high BP and increased the expression of NKA, NKCC1, D1DR, CD4+ and CD8+ in PBMCs. Renal CD45+ leukocytes increased in oVx HS rats. HDZ decreased BP in all rats. Upon HDZ treatment, NKA did not change, NKCC1 decreased in oVx HS rats, while SGK1 increased in both IF HS and oVx HS rats. Hormonal background determines BP response and the expression of proteins related to sodium transport in PBMCs and renal immune cells at HS intake. The analysis of NKA, NKCC1 and SGK1 expression in PBMCs differentiated salt-sensitivity from BP variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Vlachovsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Di Ciano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisabet M Oddo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Azurmendi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora P Goette
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elvira E Arrizurieta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Silberstein
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando R Ibarra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Malysheva IE, Topchieva LV, Tikhonovich EL. Association of the Aldosterone Synthase Gene (CYP11B2) Polymorphic Locus rs1799998, c.–344C>T with the Development of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Liu B, Li N, He Z, Zhang X, Duan G. Emerging Role of Serum Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 in Pathological Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:683527. [PMID: 34093127 PMCID: PMC8177009 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.683527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the management of acute and chronic pain in clinical practice remains unsatisfactory due to the existence of limited effective treatments, and novel therapeutic strategies for pathological pain are urgently needed. In the past few decades, the role of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in the development of pain and diurnal rhythms has been implicated in numerous studies. The expression levels of SGK1 mRNA and protein were found to be elevated in the spinal cord and brain in various pathological pain models. Blocking SGK1 significantly attenuated pain-like responses and the development of pathological pain. These studies provide strong evidence that SGK1 plays a role in the development of various types of pathological pain and that targeting SGK1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for pain management. In this review article, we provide evidence from animal models for the potential role of SGK1 in the regulation of pathological pain caused by inflammation, nerve injury, psychiatric disorders, and chronic opioid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Fei X, Ziqian Y, Bingwu Y, Min L, Xinmiao X, Zhen M, Lirong G, Song W. Aldosterone alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating epithelial sodium channel through PI3K/Akt/SGK1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 57:101709. [PMID: 33713776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reduced alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is a major pathological feature of acute lung injury (ALI). Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in regulating the transport of Na+ and clearing alveolar edema fluid effectively. ENaC has been reported to be regulated by aldosterone in the distal collecting tube of the kidney. We hypothesized whether aldosterone regulated ENaC in alveolar epithelium and correspondingly played a role in ALI. In this study we found that the expression of aldosterone synthesis encoding gene, CYP11B2, and ENaC were decreased in the lung tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice. Furthermore, aldosterone alleviated ALI by increasing the expression of ENaC-α and relieving pulmonary edema. Besides, we found that aldosterone upregulated ENaC-α through PI3K/Akt/SGK1 pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that aldosterone attenuated pulmonary edema by upregulating ENaC-α through the PI3K/Akt/SGK1 pathway in LPS-induced ALI, indicating that aldosterone might be a promising adjuvant drug for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Fei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Liaocheng People's Hospital, #67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yu Ziqian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng Veterans Hospital, #2 Gaodong Street, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yang Bingwu
- Procesion Biomedical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, #67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Li Min
- Procesion Biomedical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, #67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xian Xinmiao
- Procesion Biomedical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, #67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Meng Zhen
- Procesion Biomedical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, #67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Guo Lirong
- Nursing School of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Wang Song
- Procesion Biomedical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, #67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
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20
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Sang Y, Kong P, Zhang S, Zhang L, Cao Y, Duan X, Sun T, Tao Z, Liu W. SGK1 in Human Cancer: Emerging Roles and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608722. [PMID: 33542904 PMCID: PMC7851074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) is a member of the "AGC" subfamily of protein kinases, which shares structural and functional similarities with the AKT family of kinases and displays serine/threonine kinase activity. Aberrant expression of SGK1 has profound cellular consequences and is closely correlated with human cancer. SGK1 is considered a canonical factor affecting the expression and signal transduction of multiple genes involved in the genesis and development of many human cancers. Abnormal expression of SGK1 has been found in tissue and may hopefully become a useful indicator of cancer progression. In addition, SGK1 acts as a prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the role of SGK1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diverse cancer types; focuses on its essential roles and functions in tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, metabolism, and therapy resistance and in the tumor microenvironment; and finally summarizes the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SGK1 at the molecular level. Taken together, this evidence highlights the crucial role of SGK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, revealing why it has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Sang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- The Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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22
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Dexamethasone upregulates mitochondrial Tom20, Tom70, and MnSOD through SGK1 in the kidney cells. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 77:1-11. [PMID: 33201408 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone augments mitochondrial protein abundance. The translocase of the outer membrane (Tom) of mitochondria plays a major role in importing largely cytosolically synthesized proteins into mitochondria. We hypothesize that dexamethasone upregulates the Tom transport system, leading to increase of mitochondrial protein localization. Tom20 and Tom70 are the two major subunits. Dexamethasone increased Tom20 and Tom70 mRNA levels by 53 ± 11% and 25 ± 9% and mitochondrial protein abundance by 27 ± 7% and 25 ± 4% (p < 0.05 for all), respectively, in HEK293 cells. In parallel, dexamethasone elevated the SGK1 mRNA by 79 ± 17% and activity by 190 ± 42%, and mitochondrial protein level by 41 ± 2% (all p < 0.05) without significantly affecting the cytosol counterpart. The discovery of the effect of dexamethasone on SGK1 protein restricted in the mitochondria attracted us to examine the effect of the hormone on MnSOD, an enzyme with known mitochondrial localization and function. Similarly, dexamethasone significantly increased MnSOD transcripts by 67 ± 15% and protein level only in the mitochondria dose-dependently. Inhibition of SGK1 by GSK650394 and RNAi significantly attenuated the effects of the hormone on Tom20, Tom70, and MnSOD, indicating that SGK1 relays the effects of dexamethasone. Catalase inhibited the effects of dexamethasone on SGK1 and the subsequent effects of SGK1 on Tom20, Tom70, and MnSOD. Finally, knock-down of Tom20 and Tom70 by their siRNAs reduced dexamethasone-induced increases in the mitochondrial localization of SGK1 and MnSOD proteins. In conclusion, dexamethasone upregulates Tom20, Tom70, and MnSOD, and these effects are dependent on reactive oxygen species and SGK1. Dexamethasone-induced increases of SGK1 and MnSOD mitochondrial localization requires Tom20 and Tom70.
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23
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Muhanna D, Arnipalli SR, Kumar SB, Ziouzenkova O. Osmotic Adaptation by Na +-Dependent Transporters and ACE2: Correlation with Hemostatic Crisis in COVID-19. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E460. [PMID: 33142989 PMCID: PMC7693583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms, including hypokalemia, hypoalbuminemia, ageusia, neurological dysfunctions, D-dimer production, and multi-organ microthrombosis reach beyond effects attributed to impaired angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) signaling and elevated concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II). Although both SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and SARS-CoV-2 utilize ACE2 for host entry, distinct COVID-19 pathogenesis coincides with the acquisition of a new sequence, which is homologous to the furin cleavage site of the human epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). This review provides a comprehensive summary of the role of ACE2 in the assembly of Na+-dependent transporters of glucose, imino and neutral amino acids, as well as the functions of ENaC. Data support an osmotic adaptation mechanism in which osmotic and hemostatic instability induced by Ang II-activated ENaC is counterbalanced by an influx of organic osmolytes and Na+ through the ACE2 complex. We propose a paradigm for the two-site attack of SARS-CoV-2 leading to ENaC hyperactivation and inactivation of the ACE2 complex, which collapses cell osmolality and leads to rupture and/or necrotic death of swollen pulmonary, endothelial, and cardiac cells, thrombosis in infected and non-infected tissues, and aberrant sensory and neurological perception in COVID-19 patients. This dual mechanism employed by SARS-CoV-2 calls for combinatorial treatment strategies to address and prevent severe complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.M.); (S.R.A.); (S.B.K.)
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24
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Schneebauer G, Lindemann C, Drechsel V, Marohn L, Wysujack K, Santidrian E, Dirks R, Hanel R, Pelster B. Swimming under elevated hydrostatic pressure increases glycolytic activity in gas gland cells of the European eel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239627. [PMID: 32997701 PMCID: PMC7526912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of many decades of research, the spawning migration of the European eel Anguilla anguilla from the European coast to the Sargasso Sea remains a mystery. In particular, the role of the swimbladder as a buoyancy regulating structure is not yet understood. In this study, we exercised silver eels in a swim tunnel under elevated hydrostatic pressure. The transcriptome of gas gland tissue of these exercised eels was then compared to the known transcriptome of not exercised (control) silver eel gas gland cells. Due to the high infection rate of the eel population with the swimbladder parasite Anguillicola crassus, the comparison also included an exercised group of silver eels with a heavily damaged swimbladder, and we compared the previously published transcriptome of not exercised silver eels with a highly damaged swimbladder with the exercised group of silver eels with a heavily damaged swimbladder. The comparisons of unexercised (control) silver eels with exercised silver eels with functional swimbladder (EF), as well as with exercised silver eels with damaged swimbladder (ED), both showed a significant elevation in transcripts related to glycolytic enzymes. This could also be observed within the comparison of unexercised silver eels with a highly infected swimbladder with exercised eels with a damaged swimbladder (DED). In contrast to EF, in ED a significant elevation in transcript numbers of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase was observed. While in EF the transcriptional changes suggested that acid production and secretion was enhanced, in ED these changes appeared to be related to thickened tissue and thus elevated diffusion distances. The remarkable number of differentially expressed transcripts coding for proteins connected to cAMP-dependent signaling pathways indicated that metabolic control in gas gland cells includes cAMP-dependent pathways. In contrast to ED, in EF significant transcriptional changes could be related to the reconstruction of the extracellular matrix, while in ED tissue repair and inflammation was more pronounced. Surprisingly, in exercised eels hypoxia inducible transcription factor expression was elevated. In EF, a large number of genes related to the circadian clock were transcriptionally modified, which may be connected to the circadian vertical migrations observed during the spawning migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Schneebauer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Victoria Drechsel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lasse Marohn
- Thünen Institute for Fisheries Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Klaus Wysujack
- Thünen Institute for Fisheries Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Ron Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Hanel
- Thünen Institute for Fisheries Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bernd Pelster
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Dattilo V, Amato R, Perrotti N, Gennarelli M. The Emerging Role of SGK1 (Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1) in Major Depressive Disorder: Hypothesis and Mechanisms. Front Genet 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32849818 PMCID: PMC7419621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disease characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interests, and impaired cognitive and social functions. The multifactorial etiology of MDD is still largely unknown because of the complex genetic and environmental interactions involved. Therefore, no established mechanism can explain all the aspects of the disease. In this light, an extensive research about the pathophysiology of MDD has been carried out. Several pathogenic hypotheses, such as monoamines deficiency and neurobiological alterations in the stress-responsive system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system, have been proposed for MDD. Over time, remarkable studies, mainly on preclinical rodent models, linked the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) to the main features of MDD. SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the AGK Kinase family. SGK1 is ubiquitously expressed, which plays a pivotal role in the hormonal regulation of several ion channels, carriers, pumps, and transcription factors or regulators. SGK1 expression is modulated by cell stress and hormones, including gluco- and mineralocorticoids. Compelling evidence suggests that increased SGK1 expression or function is related to the pathogenic stress hypothesis of major depression. Therefore, the first part of the present review highlights the putative role of SGK1 as a critical mediator in the dysregulation of the HPA axis, observed under chronic stress conditions, and its controversial role in the neuroinflammation as well. The second part depicts the negative regulation exerted by SGK1 in the expression of both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in an anti-neurogenic activity. Finally, the review focuses on the antidepressant-like effects of anti-oxidative nutraceuticals in several preclinical model of depression, resulting from the restoration of the physiological expression and/or activity of SGK1, which leads to an increase in neurogenesis. In summary, the purpose of this review is a systematic analysis of literature depicting SGK1 as molecular junction of the complex mechanisms underlying the MDD in an effort to suggest the kinase as a potential biomarker and strategic target in modern molecular antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Ameliorative Effects of Bredemolic Acid on Markers Associated with Renal Dysfunction in a Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rat Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2978340. [PMID: 32655765 PMCID: PMC7327579 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2978340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies have shown that renal dysfunction is associated not only with overt diabetes but also with the preceding stage known as prediabetes. Diet and pharmacological interventions are the therapeutic approaches to managing prediabetes, but the compliance in combining the two interventions is low. Hence, the efficacy of pharmacological intervention is reduced without diet modification. In our previous study, we established that bredemolic acid (BA) ameliorated glucose homeostasis via increased GLUT 4 expression in the skeletal muscle of prediabetic rats in the absence of diet intervention. However, the effects of bredemolic acid on renal function in prediabetic condition are unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the ameliorative effects of bredemolic acid on renal dysfunction in a diet-induced prediabetic rat model. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats (150-180 g) were divided into two groups: the nonprediabetic (n = 6) and prediabetic (n = 30) groups which were fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet, respectively, for 20 weeks. After the 20th week, the prediabetic groups were subdivided into prediabetic control (PD) and 4 other prediabetic groups which were treated with either BA (80 mg/kg) or metformin (MET, 500 mg/kg) for further 12 weeks (21st to 32nd). Plasma, urine, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The untreated prediabetic (PD) rats presented increased fluid intake and urine output; increased creatinine, urea, and uric acid plasma concentrations; albuminuria; proteinuria; sodium retention; potassium loss; increased aldosterone and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) concentration; and increased urinary podocin mRNA expression. However, BA administration attenuated the renal markers and oxidative stress and decreased the urinary podocin mRNA expression. In conclusion, BA administration, regardless of diet modification, attenuates renal dysfunction in an experimentally induced prediabetic state.
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27
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Yang C, Li J, Sun F, Zhou H, Yang J, Yang C. The functional duality of SGK1 in the regulation of hyperglycemia. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:R187-R194. [PMID: 32621586 PMCID: PMC7424354 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the consequence of blood glucose dysregulation and a driving force of diabetic complications including retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase-1 (SGK1) has been suggested in the modulation of various pathophysiological activities. However, the role of SGK1 in blood glucose homeostasis remains less appreciated. In this review, we intend to summarize the function of SGK1 in glucose level regulation and to examine the evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of SGK1 inhibitors in hyperglycemia. Ample evidence points to the controversial roles of SGK1 in pancreatic insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity, which reflects the complex interplay between SGK1 activation and blood glucose fluctuation. Furthermore, SGK1 is engaged in glucose absorption and excretion in intestine and kidney and participates in the progression of hyperglycemia-induced secondary organ damage. As a net effect, blockage of SGK1 activation via either pharmacological inhibition or genetic manipulation seems to be helpful in glucose control at varying diabetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Yang or J Yang: or
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Yang or J Yang: or
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28
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Maestro I, Boya P, Martinez A. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1, a new therapeutic target for autophagy modulation in chronic diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:231-243. [PMID: 32067528 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1730328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Autophagy, a basic cellular degradation pathway essential for survival, is altered both in aging and in many chronic human diseases, including infections, cancer, heart disease, and neurodegeneration. Identifying new therapeutic targets for the control and modulation of autophagy events is therefore of utmost importance in drug discovery. Serum and glucocorticoid activated kinase 1 (SGK1), known for decades for its role in ion channel modulation, is now known to act as a switch for autophagy homeostasis, and has emerged as a novel and important therapeutic target likely to attract considerable research attention in the coming years.Areas covered: In this general review of SGK1 we describe the kinase's structure and its roles in physiological and pathological contexts. We also discuss small-molecule modulators of SGK1 activity. These modulators are of particular interest to medicinal chemists and pharmacists seeking to develop more potent and selective drug candidates for SGK1, which, despite its key role in autophagy, remains relatively understudied.Expert opinion: The main future challenges in this area are (i) deciphering the role of SGK1 in selective autophagy processes (e.g. mitophagy, lipophagy, and aggrephagy); (ii) identifying selective allosteric modulators of SGK1 with specific biological functions; and (iii) conducting first-in-man clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maestro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Mohammad T, Siddiqui S, Shamsi A, Alajmi MF, Hussain A, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Virtual Screening Approach to Identify High-Affinity Inhibitors of Serum and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 among Bioactive Natural Products: Combined Molecular Docking and Simulation Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:E823. [PMID: 32070031 PMCID: PMC7070812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that works under acute transcriptional control by several stimuli, including serum and glucocorticoids. It plays a significant role in the cancer progression and metastasis, as it regulates inflammation, apoptosis, hormone release, neuro-excitability, and cell proliferation. SGK1 has recently been considered as a potential drug target for cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we have performed structure-based virtual high-throughput screening of natural compounds from the ZINC database to find potential inhibitors of SGK1. Initially, hits were selected based on their physicochemical, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and other drug-like properties. Afterwards, PAINS filter, binding affinities estimation, and interaction analysis were performed to find safe and effective hits. We found four compounds bearing appreciable binding affinity and specificity towards the binding pocket of SGK1. The docking results were complemented by all-atom molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns, followed by MM/PBSA, and principal component analysis to investigate the conformational changes, stability, and interaction mechanism of SGK1 in-complex with the selected compound ZINC00319000. Molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that the binding of ZINC00319000 stabilizes the SGK1 structure, and it leads to fewer conformational changes. In conclusion, the identified compound ZINC00319000 might be further exploited as a scaffold to develop promising inhibitors of SGK1 for the therapeutic management of associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Shiza Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.I.); (F.A.)
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SGK1 Mediates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension through Promoting Macrophage Infiltration and Activation. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3013765. [PMID: 31815093 PMCID: PMC6877960 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3013765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Meanwhile, serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) has been considered to be an important factor in the regulation of inflammation in some vascular disease. However, the role of SGK1 in hypoxia-induced inflammation and PAH is still unknown. WT and SGK1−/− mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce PAH. The quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of SGK1. The right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), RV/BW ratio, right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP), and percentage of muscularised vessels and medical wall thickness were measured to evaluate PAH development. The infiltration of macrophages and localization of SGK1 on cells were examined by histological analysis. The effects of SGK1 on macrophage function and cytokine expression were assessed by comparing WT and SGK1−/− macrophages in vitro. SGK1 has high expression in hypoxia-induced PAH. Deficiency of SGK1 prevented the development of hypoxia-induced PAH and inhibited macrophage infiltration in the lung. In addition, SGK1 knockout inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. SGK1-induced macrophage activation and proinflammatory response contributes to the development of PAH in hypoxia-treated mice. Thus, SGK1 might be considered a promising target for PAH treatment.
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Mansley MK, Roe AJ, Francis SL, Gill JH, Bailey MA, Wilson SM. Trichostatin A blocks aldosterone-induced Na + transport and control of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 in cortical collecting duct cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4708-4719. [PMID: 31423568 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aldosterone stimulates epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)-dependent Na+ retention in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) of the kidney by activating mineralocorticoid receptors that promote expression of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). This response is critical to BP homeostasis. It has previously been suggested that inhibiting lysine deacetylases (KDACs) can post-transcriptionally disrupt this response by promoting acetylation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. The present study critically evaluates this hypothesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrometric and molecular methods were used to define the effects of a pan-KDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A, on the responses to a physiologically relevant concentration of aldosterone (3 nM) in murine mCCDcl1 cells. KEY RESULTS Aldosterone augmented ENaC-induced Na+ absorption and increased SGK1 activity and abundance, as expected. In the presence of trichostatin A, these responses were suppressed. Trichostatin A-induced inhibition of KDAC was confirmed by increased acetylation of histone H3, H4, and α-tubulin. Trichostatin A did not block the electrometric response to insulin, a hormone that activates SGK1 independently of increased transcription, indicating that trichostatin A has no direct effect upon the SGK1/ENaC pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of lysine de-acetylation suppresses aldosterone-dependent control over the SGK1-ENaC pathway but does not perturb post-transcriptional signalling, providing a physiological basis for the anti-hypertensive action of KDAC inhibition seen in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag K Mansley
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Roe
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Sarah L Francis
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Jason H Gill
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart M Wilson
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
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Akhoon BA, Gandhi NS, Pandey R. Computational insights into the active structure of SGK1 and its implication for ligand design. Biochimie 2019; 165:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SGK1 Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2013594. [PMID: 31641423 PMCID: PMC6766675 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2013594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the early stages or progression of many renal diseases. Improving mitochondrial function and homeostasis has the potential to protect renal function. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) is known to regulate various cellular processes, including cell survival. In this study, we intend to demonstrate the effect and molecular mechanisms of SGK1 in renal tubular cells upon oxidative stress injury and to determine whether regulation of mitochondrial function is implicated in this process. HK-2 cells were exposed to H2O2, and cell viability and apoptosis were dynamically detected by the CCK-8 assay and annexin-V/PI staining. The concentrations of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the expression of the SGK1/GSK3β/PGC-1α signaling pathway were analyzed by flow cytometry or western blot. In addition, shRNA targeting SGK1 and SB216763 were added into the culture medium before H2O2 exposure to downregulate SGK1 and GSK3β, respectively. Cell viability and mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), Cytochrome C release, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial biogenesis, were examined. Protein levels and SGK1 activation were significantly stimulated by H2O2 exposure. HK-2 cells with SGK1 inhibition were much more sensitive to H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury than control group cells, as they exhibited increased apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction involving the deterioration of cellular ATP production, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and release of Cytochrome C into the cytoplasm. Studies on SGK1 knockdown also indicated that SGK1 is required for the induction of proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, including PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM. Moreover, the deleterious effects of SGK1 suppression on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biogenesis, were related to the phosphorylation of GSK3β and partially reversed by SB216763 treatment. H2O2 leads to SGK1 overexpression in HK-2 cells, which protects human renal tubule cells from oxidative stress injury by improving mitochondrial function and inactivating GSK3β.
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A High Protein Model Alters the Endometrial Transcriptome of Mares. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080576. [PMID: 31366166 PMCID: PMC6723232 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreases fertility of several mammals; however, the mechanisms have not been investigated in mares. We developed an experimental model to elevate BUN, with urea and control treatments (7 mares/treatment), in a crossover design. Urea-treatment consisted of a loading dose of urea (0.03 g/kg of body weight (BW)) and urea injections over 6 hours (0.03 g/kg of BW/h). Control mares received the same volume of saline solution. Blood samples were collected to measure BUN. Uterine and vaginal pH were evaluated after the last intravenous infusion, then endometrial biopsies were collected for RNA-sequencing with a HiSeq 4000. Cuffdiff (2.2.1) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) between urea and control groups (false discovery rate-adjusted p-value < 0.1). There was a significant increase in BUN and a decrease of uterine pH in the urea group compared to the control group. A total of 193 genes were DEG between the urea and control groups, with five genes identified as upstream regulators (ETV4, EGF, EHF, IRS2, and SGK1). The DEG were predicted to be related to cell pH, ion homeostasis, changes in epithelial tissue, and solute carriers. Changes in gene expression reveal alterations in endometrial function that could be associated with adverse effects on fertility of mares.
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Lee SH, Suk K. Kinase-Based Taming of Brain Microglia Toward Disease-Modifying Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:474. [PMID: 30568577 PMCID: PMC6289980 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), where they play essential roles in the health and disease. Depending on the CNS inflammatory milieu, they exist in either resting or activated states. Chronic neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia is now considered to be a common characteristic shared by many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which currently pose a significant socioeconomic burden to the global healthcare system. Accumulating evidence has indicated protein kinases (PKs) as important drug targets for therapeutic interventions of these detrimental diseases. Here, we review recent findings suggesting that selected PKs potentially participate in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Taming microglial phenotypes by modulating the activity of these PKs holds great promise for the development of disease-modifying therapies for many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Lang F, Stournaras C, Zacharopoulou N, Voelkl J, Alesutan I. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the response to cell stress. Cell Stress 2018; 3:1-8. [PMID: 31225494 PMCID: PMC6551677 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is up-regulated by several types of cell stress, such as ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. The SGK1 protein is activated by a signaling cascade involving phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). SGK1 up-regulates Na+/K+-ATPase, a variety of carriers including Na+-,K+-,2Cl−- cotransporter (NKCC), NaCl cotransporter (NCC), Na+/H+ exchangers, diverse amino acid transporters and several glucose carriers such as Na+-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1. SGK1 further up-regulates a large number of ion channels including epithelial Na+ channel ENaC, voltagegated Na+ channel SCN5A, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel (ORAI1) with its stimulator STIM1, epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 and diverse K+ channels. Furthermore, SGK1 influences transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 tumor suppressor protein, cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and forkhead box O3 protein (FOXO3a). Thus, SGK1 supports cellular glucose uptake and glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, and wound healing. Presumably as last line of defense against tissue injury, SGK1 fosters tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification replacing energy consuming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Siebert L, Staton ME, Headrick S, Lewis M, Gillespie B, Young C, Almeida RA, Oliver SP, Pighetti GM. Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with milk leukocyte phenotypes following experimental challenge with Streptococcus uberis. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:553-562. [PMID: 29862454 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is a detrimental disease in the dairy industry that decreases milk quality and costs upwards of $2 billion annually. Often, mastitis results from bacteria entering the gland through the teat opening. Streptococcus uberis is responsible for a high percentage of subclinical and clinical mastitis. Following an intramammary experimental challenge with S. uberis on Holstein cows (n = 40), milk samples were collected and somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined by the Dairy Herd Improvement Association Laboratory. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have utilized test day SCC or SCC lactation averages to identify loci of interest. Our approach utilizes SCC collected following a S. uberis experimental challenge to generate three novel phenotypes: (1) area under the curve (AUC) of SCC for 0-7 days and (2) 0-28 days post-challenge; and (3) when SCC returned to below 200,000 cells/mL post-challenge (< 21 days, 21-28 days, or > 28 days). Polymorphisms were identified using Illumina's BovineSNP50 v2 DNA BeadChip. Associations were tested using Plink software and identified 16 significant (p < 1.0 × 10-4) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the phenotypes. Most significant SNPs were in genes linked to cell signaling, migration, and apoptosis. Several have been recognized in relation to infectious processes (ATF7, SGK1, and PACRG), but others less so (TRIO, GLRA1, CELSR2, TIAM2, CPE). Further investigation of these genes and their roles in inflammation (e.g., SCC) can provide potential targets that influence resolution of mammary gland infection. Likewise, further investigation of the identified SNP with mastitis and other disease phenotypes can provide greater insight to the potential of these SNP as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Siebert
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Margaret E Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Susan Headrick
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Mark Lewis
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Charles Young
- Zoetis, 100 Campus Drive, Florham Park, NJ, 07932, USA
| | - Raul A Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stephen P Oliver
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,AgResearch, The University of Tennessee, 2621 Morgan Circle, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gina M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Lang F, Pelzl L, Hauser S, Hermann A, Stournaras C, Schöls L. To die or not to die SGK1-sensitive ORAI/STIM in cell survival. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:29-34. [PMID: 29807219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pore forming Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ channel (CRAC) isoforms ORAI1-3 and their regulators STIM1,2 accomplish store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Activation of SOCE may lead to cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations, which in turn support cell proliferation and cell survival. ORAI/STIM and thus SOCE are upregulated by the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1, a kinase under powerful genomic regulation and activated by phosphorylation via the phosphoinositol-3-phosphate pathway. SGK1 enhances ORAI1 abundance partially by phosphorylation of Nedd4-2, an ubiquitin ligase priming the channel protein for degradation. The SGK1-phosphorylated Nedd4-2 binds to the protein 14-3-3 and is thus unable to ubiquinate ORAI1. SGK1 further increases the ORAI1 and STIM1 protein abundance by activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor upregulating the expression of STIM1 and ORAI1. SGK1-sensitive upregulation of ORAI/STIM and thus SOCE is triggered by a wide variety of hormones and growth factors, as well as several cell stressors including ischemia, radiation, and cell shrinkage. SGK1 dependent upregulation of ORAI/STIM confers survival of tumor cells and thus impacts on growth and therapy resistance of cancer. On the other hand, SGK1-dependent upregulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 may support survival of neurons and impairment of SGK1-dependent ORAI/STIM activity may foster neurodegeneration. Clearly, further experimental effort is needed to define the mechanisms linking SGK1-dependent upregulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 to cell survival and to define the impact of SGK1-dependent upregulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 on malignancy and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative Physiology, Eberhad Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Vegetative Physiology, Eberhad Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Research Site Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany & DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Research Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ludger Schöls
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Research Site Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Harvey BJ, Thomas W. Aldosterone-induced protein kinase signalling and the control of electrolyte balance. Steroids 2018; 133:67-74. [PMID: 29079406 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone acts through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to modulate gene expression in target tissues. In the kidney, the principal action of aldosterone is to promote sodium conservation in the distal nephron and so indirectly enhance water conservation under conditions of hypotension. Over the last twenty years the rapid activation of protein kinase signalling cascades by aldosterone has been described in various tissues. This review describes the integration of rapid protein kinase D signalling responses with the non-genomic actions of aldosterone and transcriptional effects of MR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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SGK1 Inhibits Autophagy in Murine Muscle Tissue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4043726. [PMID: 29849891 PMCID: PMC5937381 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4043726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims As autophagy is linked to several pathological conditions, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, it is crucial to understand its regulatory signaling network. In this study, we investigated the role of the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) in the control of autophagy. Methods To measure autophagic activity in vivo, we quantified the abundance of the autophagy conjugates LC3-PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) and ATG12-ATG5 in tissue extracts of SGK1 wild-type (Sgk1+/+) and knockout (Sgk1-/-) mice that were either fed or starved for 24 h prior sacrifice. In vitro, we targeted SGK1 by RNAi using GFP-WIPI1 expressing U-2 OS cells to quantify the numbers of cells displaying newly formed autophagosomes. In parallel, these cells were also assessed with regard to LC3 and ULK1 by quantitative Western blotting. Results The abundance of both LC3-PE (LC3-II) and ATG12-ATG5 was significantly increased in red muscle tissues of SGK1 knockout mice. This was found in particular in fed conditions, suggesting that SGK1 may keep basal autophagy under control in red muscle in vivo. Under starved conditions, significant differences were observed in SGK1-deficient white muscle tissue and, under fed conditions, also in the liver. In vitro, we found that SGK1 silencing provoked a significant increase of cells displaying WIPI1-positive autophagosomes and autophagosomal LC3 (LC3-II). Moreover, autophagic flux assessments revealed that autophagic degradation significantly increased in the absence of SGK1, strongly suggesting that SGK1 inhibits both autophagosome formation and autophagic degradation in vitro. In addition, more ULK1 protein lacking the inhibitory, TORC1-specific phosphorylation at serine 758 was detected in the absence of SGK1. Conclusions Combined, our data strongly support the idea that SGK1 inhibits the process of autophagy. Mechanistically, our data suggest that SGK1 should act upstream of ULK1 in regulating autophagy, and we hypothesize that SGK1 contributes to the regulation of ULK1 gene expression.
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Deng Y, Xiao Y, Yuan F, Liu Y, Jiang X, Deng J, Fejes-Toth G, Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Chen S, Chen Y, Ying H, Zhai Q, Shu Y, Guo F. SGK1/FOXO3 Signaling in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons Mediates Glucocorticoid-Increased Adiposity. Diabetes 2018; 67:569-580. [PMID: 29321171 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the central nervous system has been implicated in glucocorticoid-induced gain of fat mass, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of hypothalamic serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in glucocorticoid-increased adiposity. It is well known that SGK1 expression is induced by acute glucocorticoid treatment, but it is interesting that we found its expression to be decreased in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, including proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, following chronic dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. To study the role of SGK1 in POMC neurons, we produced mice that developed or experienced adult-onset SGK1 deletion in POMC neurons (PSKO). As observed in Dex-treated mice, PSKO mice exhibited increased adiposity and decreased energy expenditure. Mice overexpressing constitutively active SGK1 in POMC neurons consistently had the opposite phenotype and did not experience Dex-increased adiposity. Finally, Dex decreased hypothalamic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) content and its precursor Pomc expression via SGK1/FOXO3 signaling, and intracerebroventricular injection of α-MSH or adenovirus-mediated FOXO3 knockdown in the arcuate nucleus largely reversed the metabolic alterations in PSKO mice. These results demonstrate that POMC SGK1/FOXO3 signaling mediates glucocorticoid-increased adiposity, providing new insights into the mechanistic link between glucocorticoids and fat accumulation and important hints for possible treatment targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Geza Fejes-Toth
- Department of Physiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - Shanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yuan M, Hu M, Lou Y, Wang Q, Mao L, Zhan Q, Jin F. Environmentally relevant levels of bisphenol A affect uterine decidualization and embryo implantation through the estrogen receptor/serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1/epithelial sodium ion channel α-subunit pathway in a mouse model. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:735-744.e1. [PMID: 29605410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA) exposure is associated with uterine decidualization and embryo implantation failure in mice. DESIGN Experimental animal study and in vitro study. SETTING University-based infertility center. ANIMAL(S) ICR mice. INTERVENTION(S) Mice treated with different doses of BPA; Ishikawa cells cultured in medium of different concentrations of BPA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Embryo implantation sites, uterine weight, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical, cell proliferation, and statistical analyses. RESULT(S) In the experiment of mouse model, administration of 1-100 μg/kg/day of BPA by gavage led to reduction of the number of embryo implantation sites in a dose-dependent manner; 100 μg/kg/day of BPA statistically significantly reduced the number of implantation sites compared with the control group. The uterine weight change (the wet weight of the decidualized uterine horn divided by the wet weight of the undecidualized uterine horn of the mouse) in groups exposed to BPA (100-10,000 μg/kg/day) were statistically significantly lower compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that administration of 100, 1,000, or 10,000 μg/kg/day of BPA by gavage statistically significantly down-regulated the expression of epithelial Na+ channel α-subunit (ENaCα) in the luminal epithelial cells and desmin in decidual cells of the oil-induced decidualized uterine horns. Administration of 100 μg/kg/day BPA on embryo days 0.5-3.5 by gavage statistically significantly decreased the level of uterine serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) protein expression on embryo days 4 and 6. After treatment with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μg/mL of BPA for 48 hours, the SGK1, ENaCα, and phospho-SGK1 protein expression of Ishikawa cells was down-regulated, and the effect of BPA on SGK1 could be abrogated by fulvestrant. CONCLUSION(S) Our study provides the first indication that BPA exposure at levels as low as 100 μg/kg/day can impair embryo implantation in mice and BPA can affect decidualization of the uterus in mouse model. Our results suggest that BPA can down-regulate SGK1 and ENaCα protein expression through estrogen receptors in Ishikawa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yuan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Luna Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Zhan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Li J, Zhou Q, Yang T, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jiao Z. SGK1 inhibits PM2.5-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1291-1295. [PMID: 29412164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrated that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is an important environmental risk factor for lung diseases. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1(SGK1) was reported to be a crucial factor for cell survival. However, the role of SGK1 in PM2.5-induced cell injury is still unclear. In this work, we firstly found that the expression of SGK1 was decreased in PM2.5-treated human lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells by western blot. In addition, overexpression of SGK1 significantly attenuated A549 cell apoptosis and reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by PM2.5. Moreover, we found that PM2.5 exposure significantly promoted the ERK1/2 activation and inhibited the AKT activation, whereas overexpression of SGK1 could reverse that. Finally, the results of the rescue experiment showed that MK2206 (AKT inhibitor) could rescue the impact of SGK1 on A549 cell apoptosis, while PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) could not further aggravate the impact. Taken together, our results suggest that SGK1 inhibits PM2.5-induced cell apoptosis and ROS generation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathway in human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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44
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Hayward CE, McIntyre KR, Sibley CP, Greenwood SL, Dilworth MR. Mechanisms Underpinning Adaptations in Placental Calcium Transport in Normal Mice and Those With Fetal Growth Restriction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:671. [PMID: 30515131 PMCID: PMC6255882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal delivery of calcium, via the placenta, is crucial for appropriate skeletal mineralization. We have previously demonstrated that maternofetal calcium transport, per gram placenta, is increased in the placental specific insulin-like growth factor 2 knockout mouse (P0) model of fetal growth restriction (FGR) compared to wild type littermates (WTL). This effect was mirrored in wild-type (WT) mice comparing lightest vs. heaviest (LvH) placentas in a litter. In both models increased placental calcium transport was associated with normalization of fetal calcium content. Despite this adaptation being observed in small normal (WT), and small dysfunctional (P0) placentas, mechanisms underpinning these changes remain unknown. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), elevated in cord blood in FGR and known to stimulate plasma membrane calcium ATPase, might be important. We hypothesized that PTHrP expression would be increased in LvH WT placentas, and in P0 vs. WTL. We used calcium pathway-focused PCR arrays to assess whether mechanisms underpinning these adaptations in LvH WT placentas, and in P0 vs. WTL, were similar. PTHrP protein expression was not different between LvH WT placentas at E18.5 but trended toward increased expression (139%; P = 0.06) in P0 vs. WTL. PCR arrays demonstrated that four genes were differentially expressed in LvH WT placentas including increased expression of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin 1 (1.6-fold; P < 0.05). Twenty-four genes were differentially expressed in placentas of P0 vs. WTL; significant reductions were observed in expression of S100 calcium binding protein G (2-fold; P < 0.01), parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (1.7-fold; P < 0.01) and PTHrP (2-fold; P < 0.05), whilst serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a regulator of nutrient transporters, was increased (1.4 fold; P < 0.05). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5 (TRAP5 encoded by Acp5) was reduced in placentas of both LvH WT and P0 vs. WTL (1.6- and 1.7-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). Signaling events underpinning adaptations in calcium transport are distinct between LvH placentas of WT mice and those in P0 vs. WTL. Calcium binding proteins appear important in functional adaptations in the former whilst PTHrP and SGK1 are also implicated in the latter. These data facilitate understanding of mechanisms underpinning placental calcium transport adaptation in normal and growth restricted fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. Hayward
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty R. McIntyre
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P. Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L. Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Dilworth
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark R. Dilworth
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45
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Liang X, Lan C, Jiao G, Fu W, Long X, An Y, Wang K, Zhou J, Chen T, Li Y, Xu J, Huang Q, Xu B, Xiao J. Therapeutic inhibition of SGK1 suppresses colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e399. [PMID: 29170478 PMCID: PMC5704191 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, the development of new therapeutic targets for CRC treatment is urgently needed. SGK1 is involved in various cellular activities, and its dysregulation can result in multiple cancers. However, little is known about its roles and associated molecular mechanisms in CRC. In present study, we found that SGK1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with peri-tumor samples from CRC patients. In vitro experiments revealed that SGK1 overexpression promoted colonic tumor cell proliferation and migration and inhibited cell apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), while SGK1 shRNA and inhibitors showed the inverse effects. Using CRC xenograft mice models, we demonstrated that knockdown or therapeutic inhibition of SGK1 repressed tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth. Moreover, SGK1 inhibitors increased p27 expression and promoted p27 nuclear accumulation in colorectal cancer cells, and p27 siRNAs could attenuate the repression of CRC cell proliferation induced by SGK1 inhibitors. Collectively, SGK1 promotes colorectal cancer development via regulation of CRC cell proliferation, migration and survival. Inhibition of SGK1 represents a novel strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Liang
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Qianweichang College, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencheng Fu
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesha Long
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Chemistry, Qianweichang College, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejin Wang
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongqin Li
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Qianweichang College, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Bossmann M, Ackermann BW, Thome UH, Laube M. Signaling Cascade Involved in Rapid Stimulation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) by Dexamethasone. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081807. [PMID: 28825630 PMCID: PMC5578194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of mucociliary clearance with reduced airway fluid secretion leads to chronically inflamed airways. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is crucially involved in airway fluid secretion and dexamethasone (dexa) has previously been shown to elevate CFTR activity in airway epithelial cells. However, the pathway by which dexa increases CFTR activity is largely unknown. We aimed to determine whether the increase of CFTR activity by dexa is achieved by non-genomic signaling and hypothesized that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in CFTR stimulation. Primary rat airway epithelial cells and human bronchial submucosal gland-derived Calu-3 cells were analyzed in Ussing chambers and kinase activation was determined by Western blots. Results demonstrated a critical involvement of PI3K and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in the dexa-induced increase of CFTR activity, while serum and glucocorticoid dependent kinase 1 (SGK1) activity was not essential. We further demonstrated a reduced neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4-like (NEDD4L) ubiquitin E3 ligase activity induced by dexa, possibly responsible for the elevated CFTR activity. Finally, increases of CFTR activity by dexa were demonstrated within 30 min accompanied by rapid activation of AKT. In conclusion, dexa induces a rapid stimulation of CFTR activity which depends on PI3K/AKT signaling in airway epithelial cells. Glucocorticoids might thus represent, in addition to their immunomodulatory actions, a therapeutic strategy to rapidly increase airway fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bossmann
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Benjamin W Ackermann
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrich H Thome
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mandy Laube
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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47
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Lang F, Guelinckx I, Lemetais G, Melander O. Two Liters a Day Keep the Doctor Away? Considerations on the Pathophysiology of Suboptimal Fluid Intake in the Common Population. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:483-494. [PMID: 28787716 DOI: 10.1159/000479640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal fluid intake may require enhanced release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin for the maintenance of adequate hydration. Enhanced copeptin levels (reflecting enhanced vasopressin levels) in 25% of the common population are associated with enhanced risk of metabolic syndrome with abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment, microalbuminuria, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and premature mortality. Vasopressin stimulates the release of glucocorticoids which in turn up-regulate the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). Moreover, dehydration upregulates the transcription factor NFAT5, which in turn stimulates SGK1 expression. SGK1 is activated by insulin, growth factors and oxidative stress via phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK1 and mTOR. SGK1 is a powerful stimulator of Na+/K+-ATPase, carriers (e.g. the Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter NKCC, the NaCl cotransporter NCC, the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3, and the Na+ coupled glucose transporter SGLT1), and ion channels (e.g. the epithelial Na+ channel ENaC, the Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ channel Orai1 with its stimulator STIM1, and diverse K+ channels). SGK1 further participates in the regulation of the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa-B NFκB, p53, cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), activator protein-1, and forkhead transcription factor FKHR-L1 (FOXO3a). Enhanced SGK1 activity fosters the development of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, stroke, inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune disease, cardiac fibrosis, proteinuria, renal failure as well as tumor growth. The present brief review makes the case that suboptimal fluid intake in the common population may enhance vasopressin and glucocorticoid levels thus up-regulating SGK1 expression and favouring the development of SGK1 related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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48
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Norlander AE, Saleh MA, Pandey AK, Itani HA, Wu J, Xiao L, Kang J, Dale BL, Goleva SB, Laroumanie F, Du L, Harrison DG, Madhur MS. A salt-sensing kinase in T lymphocytes, SGK1, drives hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92801. [PMID: 28679951 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases T cell production of IL-17A, and that mice deficient in IL-17A have blunted hypertension and attenuated renal and vascular dysfunction. It was recently shown that salt enhances IL-17A production from CD4+ T cells via a serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1-dependent (SGK1-dependent) pathway. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that SGK1 signaling in T cells promotes hypertension and contributes to end-organ damage. We show that loss of T cell SGK1 results in a blunted hypertensive response to Ang II infusion by 25 mmHg. Importantly, renal and vascular inflammation is abrogated in these mice compared with control mice. Furthermore, mice lacking T cell SGK1 are protected from Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction and renal injury. Loss of T cell SGK1 also blunts blood pressure and vascular inflammation in response to deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertension. Finally, we demonstrate that the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) is upregulated in Th17 cells and is necessary for the salt-induced increase in SGK1 and the IL-23 receptor. These studies demonstrate that T cell SGK1 and NKCC1 may be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of hypertension and identify a potentially new mechanism by which salt contributes to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Norlander
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hana A Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liang Xiao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jooeun Kang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bethany L Dale
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Slavina B Goleva
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fanny Laroumanie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liping Du
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David G Harrison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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49
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Wynne BM, Mistry AC, Al-Khalili O, Mallick R, Theilig F, Eaton DC, Hoover RS. Aldosterone Modulates the Association between NCC and ENaC. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646163 PMCID: PMC5482882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal sodium transport is a final step in the regulation of blood pressure. As such, understanding how the two main sodium transport proteins, the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), are regulated is paramount. Both are expressed in the late distal nephron; however, no evidence has suggested that these two sodium transport proteins interact. Recently, we established that these two sodium transport proteins functionally interact in the second part of the distal nephron (DCT2). Given their co-localization within the DCT2, we hypothesized that NCC and ENaC interactions might be modulated by aldosterone (Aldo). Aldo treatment increased NCC and αENaC colocalization (electron microscopy) and interaction (coimmunoprecipitation). Finally, with co-expression of the Aldo-induced protein serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), NCC and αENaC interactions were increased. These data demonstrate that Aldo promotes increased interaction of NCC and ENaC, within the DCT2 revealing a novel method of regulation for distal sodium reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi M Wynne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Abinash C Mistry
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Otor Al-Khalili
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rickta Mallick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Franziska Theilig
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Research Service, Atlanta Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
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50
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Shi G, Wang Q, Zhou X, Li J, Liu H, Gu J, Wang H, Wu Y, Ding L, Ni S, Tang Z. Response of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells to the influence of Wogonin with SGK1 dynamics. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:302-310. [PMID: 28338770 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of significant studies in the field of cell biology have revealed another pattern of intracellular signal transduction in which cells transmit information through the dynamics of key signaling molecules. Dynamical properties of p53 have been demonstrated to be the key factor in dictating cell fate, including cell cycle arrest, permanent cell cycle arrest, and cell death. Previous studies showed a negative feedback regulation pathway between SGK1 and p53, but the dynamics of SGK1 have never been reported before. Therefore, we used different dosing strategies of Wogonin to affect SGK1 dynamics and investigate its impact on cell response. Key factors, such as APAF1, BAX, GADD45A, p21, PML, and YPEL3, which are related to cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, were measured at different time points after incubation with Wogonin. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to examine protein and mRNA expression of these genes. In addition, we also used β-galactosidase staining and flow cytometric analysis to further verify the results. It was found that Wogonin inhibited cell viability and downregulated SGK1 protein levels; 20 μM Wogonin could induce non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells into cell cycle arrest/senescence/apoptosis after 0.5/2/4 h, respectively; and SGK1 dynamics showed significant differences under different cell responses. Together, our findings showed that SGK1 protein dynamics can be an important part of intracellular signaling, directly influencing cellular response decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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