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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Association of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Dental Erosion. Cureus 2022; 14:e30381. [PMID: 36407174 PMCID: PMC9667903 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) or chronic acid reflux disorder is a condition in which acid-containing contents continuously leak from the stomach and return to the esophagus. Acid reflux disease occurs in nearly every person at some unspecified time. In reality, it is considered as a reoccurrence of acid reflux disease disorder and heartburn, every day. However, when you have acid reflux disorder/heartburn greater than two times every week over numerous weeks, constantly take heartburn medicinal tablets and antacids. However, if your signs and symptoms and symptoms keep returning, you can have superior GERD. Your GERD needs to be handled with the aid of your healthcare employer. Now not simply to alleviate your symptoms, but because of the reality, GERD can result in extra intense issues. Dental erosion (DE) is the shortage of the ground of your tooth because of acids you eat or drink or acids arising from your stomach. Those acids can wash away the tough substance that makes up your enamel, number one to tooth floor loss. Acid also can melt the teeth floor, making it much less complicated to wear away with the beneficial aid of erosion. This is called acid put on or erosive enamel wear. The belly contains many sturdy acids that are used to digest food. Vomiting and reflux can reason those belly acids to enter your mouth. Gastric acids are very sturdy and might purpose considerable harm to the tooth. DE is the lack of the enamel's hard tissues due to the interplay of gastric juice, pepsin, and acid.
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Martins LGT, Traebert E, Lunardelli AN, Lunardelli SE, Traebert J. The Influence of the First Thousand Days of Life on Establishing Determinant Behaviors for Dental Caries in Childhood. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Reflux and dental disorders in the pediatric population: A systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 136:110166. [PMID: 32535495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the development of dental disorders in pediatric population. METHODS PubMed, Scopus Cochrane database were assessed for subject headings using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) recommendations. Relevant studies published between January 1990 and January 2020 describing the association between reflux and dental disorders in children were retrieved. Three authors reviewed the LPR diagnosis method; inclusion criteria and outcomes. The bias analysis was performed through the tools of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine evidence levels. RESULTS The electronic search identified 126 publications, of which 11 clinical studies and 2 basic science researches met our inclusion criteria. There is an important heterogeneity between studies about diagnostic method and clinical outcome evaluation. All studies based the reflux diagnosis on GERD criteria. No author considered hypopharyngeal nonacid reflux episodes through hypopharyngeal-esophageal intraluminal multichannel impedance pH monitoring (HEMII-pH). The results of studies support a higher prevalence of dental erosion in children with GERD compared with healthy individuals. Controversial findings were found about the potential association between reflux and caries, and the modification of both saliva composition and production in reflux children. CONCLUSION The association between reflux and dental disorder is still uncertain. Future studies considering pharyngeal acid and nonacid reflux episodes through HEMII-pH are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The pepsin detection in saliva would be an additional way for detecting LPR in children with dental disorders.
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Leung AK, Hon KL. Gastroesophageal reflux in children: an updated review. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212591. [PMID: 31258618 PMCID: PMC6586172 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux is a common disorder in pediatrics. Clinicians should be familiar with the proper evaluation and management of this condition. Objective To provide an update on the current understanding, evaluation, and management of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term ‘gastroesophageal reflux’. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English literature and the pediatric age group. Results Regurgitation is the most frequent symptom of gastroesophageal reflux and is present in nearly all cases. Gastroesophageal reflux occurs normally in infants, is often physiological, peaks at 4 months of age, and tends to resolve with time. Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when gastric contents reflux into the esophagus or oropharynx and produce troublesome symptom(s) and/or complication(s). A thorough clinical history and a thorough physical examination are usually adequate for diagnosis. When the diagnosis is ambiguous, diagnostic studies may be warranted. A combined esophageal pH monitoring and multichannel intraluminal esophageal electrical impedance device is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease if the diagnosis is in doubt. In the majority of cases, no treatment is necessary for gastroesophageal reflux apart from reassurance of the benign nature of the condition. Treatment options for gastroesophageal reflux disease are discussed. Conclusion In most cases, no treatment is necessary for gastroesophageal reflux apart from reassurance because the condition is benign and self-limiting. Thickened feedings, postural therapy, and lifestyle changes should be considered if the regurgitation is frequent and problematic. Pharmacotherapy should be considered in the treatment of more severe gastroesophageal reflux disease for patients who do not respond to conservative measures. Proton pump inhibitors are favored over H2-receptor antagonists because of their superior efficacy. Antireflux surgery is indicated for patients with significant gastroesophageal reflux disease who are resistant to medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kc Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,PICU, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Watanabe M, Nakatani E, Yoshikawa H, Kanno T, Nariai Y, Yoshino A, Vieth M, Kinoshita Y, Sekine J. Oral soft tissue disorders are associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease: retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:92. [PMID: 28784097 PMCID: PMC5545853 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental erosion (DE), one of oral hard tissue diseases, is one of the extraoesophageal symptoms defined as the Montreal Definition and Classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, no study evaluated the relationship between GERD and oral soft tissues. We hypothesized that oral soft tissue disorders (OSTDs) would be related to GERD. The study aimed to investigate the association OSTDs and GERD. Methods GERD patients (105 cases), older and younger controls (25 cases each) were retrospectively examined for oral symptoms, salivary flow volume (Saxon test), swallowing function (repetitive saliva swallowing test [RSST]), teeth (decayed, missing, and filled [DMF] indices), and soft tissues (as evaluation of OSTDs, gingivitis; papillary, marginal, and attached [PMA] gingival indexes, simplified oral hygiene indices [OHI-S], and inflammatory oral mucosal regions). Clinical histories, which included body mass index [BMI], the existence of alcohol and tobacco use, and bruxism, were also investigated. A P value of <0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results GERD patients, older and younger controls participated and aged 66.4 ± 13.0, 68.3 ± 8.2 and 28.7 ± 2.6 years old, respectively. The most common oral symptom in the GERD patients was oral dryness. Salivary flow volume and swallowing function in the GERD patients were significantly lower than in either of the controls (all P < 0.05). Inflammatory oral mucosal regions were found only in the GERD patients. The DMF indices, as a measure of dental caries, in the GERD patients were higher than in the younger controls (P < 0.001), but lower than in the older controls (P = 0.033). The PMA gingival indexes, as a measurement for gingival inflammation, and OHI-S, as a measure for oral hygiene, in the GERD patients were significantly higher than in either of the controls (all P < 0.05). Though no significant differences in BMI, the existence of alcohol and tobacco use were found, bruxism, as an exacerbation factor of periodontal disease, in the GERD patients was significantly more frequent than in either control group (P = 0.041). Conclusions OSTDs were associated with GERD, which was similar to the association between DE and GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakatani
- Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, 1-5-4, Minatojima minamimachi, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yoshikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nariai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsue City Hospital, 32-1 Nosira-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8509, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Michael Vieth
- Pathologisches Institut Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Joji Sekine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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Baron M, Hudson M, Tatibouet S, Steele R, Lo E, Gravel S, Gyger G, El Sayegh T, Pope J, Fontaine A, Masetto A, Matthews D, Sutton E, Thie N, Jones N, Copete M, Kolbinson D, Markland J, Nogueira G, Robinson D, Fritzler M, Gornitsky M. Relationship between disease characteristics and orofacial manifestations in systemic sclerosis: Canadian Systemic Sclerosis Oral Health Study III. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:681-90. [PMID: 25303223 PMCID: PMC4464822 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is associated with decreased saliva production and interincisal distance, more missing teeth, and periodontal disease. We undertook this study to determine the clinical correlates of SSc with these oral abnormalities. METHODS Subjects were recruited from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort. Detailed dental and clinical examinations were performed according to standardized protocols. Associations between dental abnormalities and selected clinical and serologic manifestations of SSc were examined. RESULTS One hundred sixty-three SSc subjects were included: 90% women, mean ± SD age 56 ± 11 years, mean ± SD disease duration 14 ± 8 years, 72% with limited cutaneous disease, and 28% with diffuse cutaneous disease. Decreased saliva production was associated with Sjögren's syndrome-related autoantibodies (β = -43.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -80.89, -5.75), but not with disease severity (β = -2.51; 95% CI -8.75, 3.73). Decreased interincisal distance was related to disease severity (β = -1.02; 95% CI -1.63, -0.42) and the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (β = -0.38; 95% CI -0.53, -0.23). The number of missing teeth was associated with decreased saliva production (relative risk [RR] 0.97; 95% CI 0.94, 0.99), worse hand function (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.13, 2.02), and the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; RR 1.68 [95% CI 1.14, 2.46]). No clinical or serologic variables were correlated with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION In SSc, diminished interincisal distance is related to overall disease severity. Decreased saliva production is related to concomitant Sjögren's syndrome antibodies. Tooth loss is associated with poor upper extremity function, GERD, and decreased saliva. The etiology of excess periodontal disease is likely multifactorial and remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Baron
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Farahmand F, Sabbaghian M, Ghodousi S, Seddighoraee N, Abbasi M. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and tooth erosion: a cross-sectional observational study. Gut Liver 2013; 7:278-81. [PMID: 23710307 PMCID: PMC3661958 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in children. Recurrent exposure to gastric acid in GERD may contribute to tooth erosion. Methods In this prospective study, 54 GERD patients qualified according to endoscopy, pH-metry, and the GERD questionnaire and 58 healthy controls qualified by the GERD questionnaire were assessed. Two groups underwent dental evaluations for the presence, severity, and patterns of erosion and for the stage of dentition using a Tooth Wear Index. The health care providers who performed the dental exams did not know which children had been diagnosed with GERD. Results A total of 112 children, 3 to 12 years old were enrolled in the study, and 53 of 54 (98.1%) GERD patients and 11 of 58 (19.0%) controls had dental erosions (p<0.0001). In GERD patients, the posterior occlusal surfaces of milk teeth were more affected (p<0.0001). There was no correlation between GERD and the affected surfaces in permanent teeth, nor in the patterns or erosion grades (localized or general). In both groups, milk teeth had more erosions than permanent teeth, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions According to this study, there is a positive correlation between GERD and dental erosion. Posterior occlusal surface erosions in milk teeth could indicate GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farahmand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Oral symptoms including dental erosion in gastroesophageal reflux disease are associated with decreased salivary flow volume and swallowing function. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:412-20. [PMID: 22200941 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This preliminary clinical study aimed to evaluate the effects of salivary flow volume and swallowing function on oral symptoms including dental erosion in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS The subjects were 40 GERD patients and 30 (15 younger, 15 older) healthy controls. Detailed medical, dietary, and dental histories were obtained to identify individual behavioral habits potentially associated with dental erosion. Oral examination evaluated dental erosion and determined scores for the decayed, missing, filled (DMF) index, the papillary, marginal, attached (PMA) index for gingivitis, and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Salivary flow volume and swallowing function were evaluated by the Saxon test and repetitive saliva swallowing test, respectively. RESULTS The DMF index and OHI-S scores differed significantly between all 3 groups. The PMA index was significantly different between the GERD group and the two control groups. The prevalence of dental erosion was 24.3% in the GERD group (0% in the control groups). No specific relationship was found between the incidence of dental erosion and dietary history or behavioral habits. The Saxon test results were significantly lower in the GERD group than in both the control groups. Frequency of swallowing was significantly lower and time to first swallow was significantly longer in the GERD group than in the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS Oral symptoms in GERD are likely to be associated with impaired salivary flow volume or swallowing function. Treatment for the oral dryness induced by reduced salivary flow volume and rehabilitation for swallowing function could be indicated in patients with GERD.
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Wild YK, Heyman MB, Vittinghoff E, Dalal DH, Wojcicki JM, Clark AL, Rechmann B, Rechmann P. Gastroesophageal reflux is not associated with dental erosion in children. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1605-11. [PMID: 21820389 PMCID: PMC3202657 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dental erosion is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in adults; in children, it is not clear if GER has a role in dental pathologic conditions. Dietary intake, oral hygiene, high bacterial load, and decreased salivary flow might contribute independently to GER development or dental erosion, but their potential involvement in dental erosion from GER is not understood. We investigated the prevalence of dental erosion among children with and without GER symptoms, and whether salivary flow rate or bacterial load contribute to location-specific dental erosion. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 59 children (ages, 9-17 y) with symptoms of GER and 20 asymptomatic children (controls); all completed a questionnaire on dietary exposure. Permanent teeth were examined for erosion into dentin, erosion locations, and affected surfaces. The dentist was not aware of GER status, and the gastroenterologist was not aware of dental status. Stimulated salivary flow was measured and salivary bacterial load was calculated for total bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacilli. RESULTS Controlling for age, dietary intake, and oral hygiene, there was no association between GER symptoms and dental erosion by tooth location or affected surface. Salivary flow did not correlate with GER symptoms or erosion. Erosion location and surface were independent of total bacteria and levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS Location-specific dental erosion is not associated with GER, salivary flow, or bacterial load. Prospective studies are required to determine the pathogenesis of GER-associated dental erosion and the relationship between dental caries to GER and dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette K. Wild
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Deepal H. Dalal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Janet M. Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ann L. Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Beate Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Rama TA, Côrte-Real I, Gomes PS, Escribano L, Fernandes MH. Mastocytosis: oral implications of a rare disease. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:441-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T A Rama
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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