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Saraiva-Romanholo BM, de Genaro IS, de Almeida FM, Felix SN, Lopes MRC, Amorim TS, Vieira RP, Arantes-Costa FM, Martins MA, de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério I, Prado CM. Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite or Cigarette Smoke Induces Lung Injury and Mechanical Impairment in Wistar Rats. Inflammation 2022; 45:1464-1483. [PMID: 35501465 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary irritants, such as cigarette smoke (CS) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), are associated to pulmonary diseases in cleaning workers. We examined whether their association affects lung mechanics and inflammation in Wistar rats. Exposure to these irritants alone induced alterations in the lung mechanics, inflammation, and remodeling. The CS increased airway cell infiltration, acid mucus production, MMP-12 expression, and alveolar enlargement. NaClO increased the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, with cells expressing IL-13, MMP-12, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and iNOS in addition to increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Co-exposure to both irritants increased epithelial and smooth muscle cell area, acid mucus production, and IL-13 expression in the airways, while it reduced the lung inflammation. In conclusion, the co-exposure of CS with NaClO reduced the pulmonary inflammation, but increased the acidity of mucus, which may protect lungs from more injury. A cross-resistance in people exposed to multiple lung irritants should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil.
| | - Isabella Santos de Genaro
- Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia Nogueira Felix
- Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Arantes-Costa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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Kamyshanskiy Y, Kostyleva O, Tussupbekova M, Stabayeva L, Imanbayeva G, Nygyzbayeva R, Kotov E, Kossitsyn D. Аllergic Basal Deciduitis as a Reason of Recurrent Antenatal Fetal Death. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases of pregnant women are associated with chronic placental insufficiency and the development of immunopathological conditions of unknown etiology in a child in postnatal life. Pregnancy with bronchial asthma is often complicated by intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, and antenatal fetal death.
AIM: The objective was to present a clinical case of recurrent antenatal fetal death in the third trimester in women with bronchial asthma under controlled course.
CASE REPORT: Pregnancy proceeded without clinical signs of exacerbation of bronchial asthma and allergic status. However, chronic inflammation with eosinophilia in the intervillous space and the basal lamina was revealed in the placenta tissue. Eosinophilia of the intervillous area was accompanied by obliteration of the intervillous area by fibrin deposits.
CONCLUSION: We suppose that immunological inflammation at the fetoplacental unit level can occur regardless of the mother’s allergic status. Moreover, it is likely that the objective state of the mother in the presence of an allergic disease does not reflect the presence/absence of an immunological process in the placenta, as the immunological inflammatory process can develop in different compartments (at the level of the mother’s body and the placental-fetal compartment) with varying degrees of severity.
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Aheto JMK, Udofia EA, Kallson E, Mensah G, Nadia M, Nirmala N, Chatterji S, Kowal P, Biritwum R, Yawson AE. Prevalence, socio-demographic and environmental determinants of asthma in 4621 Ghanaian adults: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization's study on global AGEing and adult health. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243642. [PMID: 33296442 PMCID: PMC7725342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous multi-site study involving lower- and middle-income countries demonstrated that asthma in older adults is associated with long-term exposure to particulate matter, male gender and smoking. However, variations may occur within individual countries, which are relevant to inform health promoting policies as populations live longer. The present study estimates asthma prevalence and examines the sociodemographic characteristics and environmental determinants associated with asthma in older adults in Ghana. Methods This study utilised data from the nationally representative World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 2. A final sample of 4621 individuals residing in 3970 households was used in analytical modelling. Factors associated with asthma were investigated using single level and multilevel binary logistic regression models. Results Asthma was reported by 102 (2.2%) respondents. Factors associated with asthma in the univariate model were: those aged 60–69 (OR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.24, 21.95) and 70 or more (OR = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.33, 23.26) years, Ga-Adangbe dialect group (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.71), no religion (OR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.77, 7.28), having moderate (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.75) and bad/very bad (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.58, 4.80) health state, and severe/extreme difficulty with self-care (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.23, 9.88) and non-flush toilet facility (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.99). Factors independently associated with asthma in the adjusted models were: those aged 60–69 (OR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.03, 19.55) years, father with primary education or less (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.94), no religion (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.41), and households with non-flush toilet facility (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.96). Significant residual household-level variation in asthma was observed. Over 40% of variance in asthma episodes could be attributable to residual household-level variations. Conclusion Individual as well as household factors were seen to influence the prevalence of asthma in this national survey. Clinical management of these patients in health facilities should consider household factors in addition to individual level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice Moses K. Aheto
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Emilia A. Udofia
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eugene Kallson
- Deloitte Consulting, West Africa Deloitte & Touche, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Mensah
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Minicuci Nadia
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Naidoo Nirmala
- World Health Organization HIS/HIS/MCS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Kowal
- World Health Organization HIS/HIS/MCS, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Newcastle Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Biritwum
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alfred E. Yawson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Baïz N, Just J, Chastang J, Forhan A, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Magnier AM, Annesi-Maesano I. Maternal diet before and during pregnancy and risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 15:40. [PMID: 31285746 PMCID: PMC6589169 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of certain foods during pregnancy has been shown to have beneficial effects on childhood asthma and allergic disease development and aggravation. However, most studies provide conflicting results and the relationships between maternal preconceptional diet and risks of childhood asthma and allergic disease have not previously been explored. The objective of this study was to assess maternal diet during the year before pregnancy and the last 3 months of pregnancy and investigate their associations with the risks of asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in young children. METHODS The study sample consisted of 1140 mother-child pairs from the EDEN cohort. Mothers had responded to the food frequency questionnaires used to assess diet before and during pregnancy. Children were followed up using health questionnaires. The health outcomes studied were: asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis by the age of 3 years. RESULTS Using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, significant inverse associations were observed between cooked green vegetable consumption before pregnancy and childhood asthma; consumption of eggs and raw vegetables before and during pregnancy, consumption of grains before pregnancy, and consumption of cooked green vegetables during pregnancy and allergic rhinitis. For the first time, a significant positive association was found between meat intake during the preconceptional period and a risk of wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, preconceptional and prenatal maternal intake of certain type of food groups may be preventive against asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis, whereas higher maternal intake of meat before pregnancy may increase the risk of wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Baïz
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Jocelyne Just
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
- Département d’Allergologie, Hôpital Trousseau AP-HP–UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Julie Chastang
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
- Department of General Practice, Medical School Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Anne Forhan
- INSERM, UMR1153 Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Heath (EAROH), Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- INSERM, UMR1153 Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Heath (EAROH), Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- INRA, U1125 Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Heath (EAROH), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Magnier
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
- Department of General Practice, Medical School Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
- Département d’Allergologie, Hôpital Trousseau AP-HP–UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of General Practice, Medical School Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR1153 Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Heath (EAROH), Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- INRA, U1125 Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Heath (EAROH), Paris, France
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Papadogiannakis N, Joerink M, Rindsjö E, Scheynius A, Alm J. Placental inflammation, lifestyle, maternal and early child sensitisation to allergens - the assessment of lifestyle and allergic disease during infancy birth cohort. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:927-932. [PMID: 30338564 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate (i) whether maternal sensitisation to allergens, and lifestyle can influence the risk of acute and chronic inflammation of the placenta, in the forms of chorioamnionitis and villitis, respectively, and (ii) whether these placental inflammations are associated with the outcome of sensitisation for the child during preschool age. METHODS Placentas from term uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 275) in the assessment of lifestyle and allergic disease during infancy study were analysed for the presence of acute chorioamnionitis and chronic villitis. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to estimate the relative risk of placental inflammation in relation to maternal allergic sensitisation and lifestyle, and the association between placental inflammation and sensitisation of the child up to five years of age. RESULTS Parity and delivery at home were independently associated with chorioamnionitis, home delivery only with the low grade. Maternal allergic sensitisation was associated with increased risk of villitis in the bivariable model, however, not in the multivariable model. No significant associations were detected between placental inflammation and the outcome of sensitisation to allergens at five years of age. CONCLUSION Our data do not support the hypothesis that the increased risk for sensitisation of a child when the mother is allergic is mediated via placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Papadogiannakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Division of Pathology Section of Perinatal Pathology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maaike Joerink
- Translational Immunology Unit Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Erika Rindsjö
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Division of Pathology Section of Perinatal Pathology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Oncology‐Pathology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Annika Scheynius
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Clinical Genomics Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Alm
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Berger K, Eskenazi B, Balmes J, Holland N, Calafat AM, Harley KG. Associations between prenatal maternal urinary concentrations of personal care product chemical biomarkers and childhood respiratory and allergic outcomes in the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:538-549. [PMID: 30293015 PMCID: PMC6239199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care product chemicals may be contributing to risk for asthma and other atopic illnesses. The existing literature is conflicting, and many studies do not control for multiple chemical exposures. METHODS We quantified concentrations of three phthalate metabolites, three parabens, and four other phenols in urine collected twice during pregnancy from 392 women. We measured T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells in their children's blood at ages two, five, and seven, and assessed probable asthma, aeroallergies, eczema, and lung function at age seven. We conducted linear and logistic regressions, controlling for additional biomarkers measured in this population as selected by Bayesian Model Averaging. RESULTS The majority of comparisons showed null associations. Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was associated with higher Th2% (RR: 10.40, 95% CI: 3.37, 17.92), and methyl paraben was associated with lower Th1% (RR: -3.35, 95% CI: -6.58, -0.02) and Th2% at borderline significance (RR: -4.45, 95% CI: -8.77, 0.08). Monoethyl phthalate was associated with lower forced expiratory flow from 25 to 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75%) (RR: -3.22 L/s, 95% CI: -6.02, -0.34). Propyl paraben (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.99) was associated with decreased odds of probable asthma. CONCLUSIONS While some biomarkers, particularly those from low molecular weight phthalates, were associated with an atopic cytokine profile and poorer lung function, no biomarkers were associated with a corresponding increase in atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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Kim I, Kim SS, Song JI, Yoon SH, Park GY, Lee YW. Association between vitamin D level at birth and respiratory morbidities in very-low-birth-weight infants. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018; 62:166-172. [PMID: 30360037 PMCID: PMC6528057 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status at birth in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs: <1,500 g) and to determine the association between vitamin D level and respiratory morbidity. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between November 2013 and November 2017. We collected blood samples and data on respiratory morbidity from 230 VLBWIs on the first day of life. Patients who were transferred to other hospitals (n=19), died before 36 weeks of gestational age (n=18), or whose blood samples were not collected immediately after birth (n=5) were excluded. Finally, 188 patients were enrolled. VLBWIs with different vitamin D levels were compared with respect to demographic features, maternal diseases, respiratory morbidities, and other neonatal diseases. Results The mean serum vitamin D level, as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), was 13.4± 9.3 ng/mL. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 79.8%, and 44.1% of preterm infants had severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL). Logistic analysis shows that a low serum 25(OH)D level (<20 ng/mL) was a risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 4.32; P=0.010) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR, 4.11; P=0.035). Conclusion The results showed that 79.8% of preterm infants in this study had vitamin D deficiency at birth. Low vitamin D status was associated with respiratory morbidity, but the exact mechanism was unknown. Additional studies on the association between vitamin D level and neonatal morbidity are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sung Shin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jee In Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seock Hwa Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Wha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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Asthma and Allergy "Epidemic" and the Role of Vitamin D Deficiency. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 996:169-183. [PMID: 29124699 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The increase in asthma and allergies prevalence that has been recorded in many countries during the last decades, and the reemergence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in many populations worldwide, renders fairly plausible the assumption of an underlying association between these two conditions and justifies the research effort invented in this issue. Indeed, there is growing body of evidence from epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical studies, suggesting that such an association does exist. The hypothesis of low levels of VD leading to compromised fetal programming and impairment of various immune functions involved in asthma and allergic disorders, stands as the most credible explanation of this presumed association. However, the evidence is not yet definite and there are some conflicting results among studies. As a consequence, no safe conclusions can be drawn yet, and more research is required in order to fully clarify the involvement of VD deficiency in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergies, and decide if VD has a role to play in the prevention and therapy of these disorders.
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Pabelick CM, Thompson MA, Britt RD. Effects of Hyperoxia on the Developing Airway and Pulmonary Vasculature. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:179-194. [PMID: 29047087 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it is necessary and part of standard practice, supplemental oxygen (40-90% O2) or hyperoxia is a significant contributing factor to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, recurrent wheezing, and asthma in preterm infants. This chapter discusses hyperoxia and the role of redox signaling in the context of neonatal lung growth and disease. Here, we discuss how hyperoxia promotes dysfunction in the airway and the known redox-mediated mechanisms that are important for postnatal vascular and alveolar development. Whether in the airway or alveoli, redox pathways are important and greatly influence the neonatal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Departments Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Departments Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Guilleminault L, Williams EJ, Scott HA, Berthon BS, Jensen M, Wood LG. Diet and Asthma: Is It Time to Adapt Our Message? Nutrients 2017; 9:E1227. [PMID: 29117118 PMCID: PMC5707699 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder which is associated with airway inflammation. Environmental factors, in association with genetic susceptibility, play a critical role in asthma pathophysiology. Inhaled allergens, smoke exposure, indoor and outdoor air pollution are common triggers of asthma symptoms. Although the role of diet has clearly established mechanisms in diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, it is not commonly identified as a causal factor in asthma. However, some dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, which includes a high intake of refined grains, processed and red meats, and desserts, have pro-inflammatory effects. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diet, with high intake of fruits and vegetables has anti-inflammatory properties. The influence of food on asthma outcomes is of growing interest, but dietary habits of asthma patients are not commonly investigated in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on the impact of diet on asthma risk and asthma control. We also detail the influence of diet on obese patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guilleminault
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayley A Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan Jensen
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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11
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Ferrini M, Carvalho S, Cho YH, Postma B, Miranda Marques L, Pinkerton K, Roberts K, Jaffar Z. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure predisposes offspring mice to exacerbated allergic airway inflammation associated with altered innate effector function. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:30. [PMID: 28830530 PMCID: PMC5567899 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal and early life environmental exposures have adverse effects on pulmonary function and are important contributors in the development of childhood asthma and allergic disease. The mechanism by which environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in utero promotes the development of allergic asthma remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the immunological consequences of prenatal exposure to ETS in order to understand events responsible for the development or exacerbation of allergic asthma. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either ETS or filtered air throughout gestation and the effect on pulmonary inflammation in the offspring were examined and compared. Specifically, the effects on eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, properties of pulmonary natural killer (NK) cells and type 2 cytokines elicited in response to inhaled house dust mite (HDM) allergen were investigated in the progeny. Results Exposure to ETS prenatally significantly exacerbated HDM-induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, hyperreactivity, mucus secretion, cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthesis and type 2 cytokine production in the offspring. Consistently, lung mononuclear cells from ETS-exposed offspring secreted higher levels of IL-13 when stimulated in vitro with anti-αβ TCR antibody or HDM allergen. Moreover, offspring from ETS-exposed dams exhibited a higher frequency of CD11b+ dendritic cells and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes in the lungs following allergen inhalation compared to air-exposed mice. Unexpectedly, the exacerbated allergic inflammation in the ETS-exposed offspring was associated with a reduction in CD3−CD19−NK1.1+CD94+ NK cell numbers and their IFN-γ production, highlighting a role for altered innate immunity in the enhanced allergic response. Conclusion Our results reveal that prenatal exposure to ETS predisposes offspring to an exacerbated allergic airway inflammation that is associated with a reduction in pulmonary NK cell function, suggesting that NK cells play a key role in controlling asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferrini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Sophia Carvalho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kent Pinkerton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevan Roberts
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA.
| | - Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA.
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12
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Gopal SH, Mukherjee S, Das SK. Direct and Second Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Development of Childhood Asthma. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2016; 2:Direct and Second Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Development of Childhood Asthma. [PMID: 29399637 PMCID: PMC5791751 DOI: 10.15436/2378-6841.16.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review about the role of direct and second hand cigarette smoke exposure in the development of childhood asthma. Smoking, both during pregnancy and postnatal have an adverse impact on the infant's chances of developing respiratory illness. Second hand smoke exposure has also known to cause worsening of childhood asthma with an impact on hospital admissions. Correlation between maternal second hand smoke exposure during pregnancy and development of childhood asthma has also been investigated. It is, thus essential to address this prenatally as well as post-natal by reducing smoking as well as smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirupa Hari Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shyamali Mukherjee
- Department of Professional Education, Neurosciences & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Salil K. Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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Bassols J, Serino M, Carreras-Badosa G, Burcelin R, Blasco-Baque V, Lopez-Bermejo A, Fernandez-Real JM. Gestational diabetes is associated with changes in placental microbiota and microbiome. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:777-784. [PMID: 27490741 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human microbiota is a modulator of the immune system. Variations in the placental microbiota could be related with pregnancy disorders. We profiled the placental microbiota and microbiome in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and studied its relation to maternal metabolism and placental expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Placental microbiota and microbiome and expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10, TIMP3, ITGAX, and MRC1MR) were analyzed in placentas from women with GDM and from control women. Fasting insulin, glucose, O'Sullivan glucose, lipids, and blood cell counts were assessed at second and third trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS Bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonadales order and Acinetobacter genus showed lower relative abundance in women with GDM compared to control (P < 0.05). In GDM, lower abundance of placental Acinetobacter associated with a more adverse metabolic (higher O'Sullivan glucose) and inflammatory phenotype (lower blood eosinophil count and lower placental expression of IL10 and TIMP3) (P < 0.05 to P = 0.001). Calcium signaling pathway was increased in GDM placental microbiome. CONCLUSION A distinct microbiota profile and microbiome is present in GDM. Acinetobacter has been recently shown to induce IL-10 in mice. GDM could constitute a state of placental microbiota-driven altered immunologic tolerance, making placental microbiota a new target for therapy in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bassols
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Abel Lopez-Bermejo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research and CIBERobn, Girona, Spain
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14
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Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Asthma. Epidemiology 2016; 26:934-41. [PMID: 26360371 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases. While folic acid supplementation around conception helps prevent neural tube defects, an animal model suggests that it may be a risk factor for respiratory diseases, although epidemiologic studies have had conflicting results. We investigated the timing of folic acid-containing prescription filling during pregnancy and child asthma. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study of 104,428 children, born 1996-2005, and their mothers enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid, we investigated the association of filling folic acid-containing prescriptions during pregnancy and childhood asthma at ages 4.5-6 years. We categorized women into exposure groups based on prescription filling centered around the first trimester: no folic acid prescription exposure, exposure in first trimester only, exposure after first trimester, and exposure in first trimester and beyond. We defined asthma using asthma-specific healthcare visits and medication fills. Using logistic regression models, we investigated the relationship adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Overall 15% of children had asthma. Compared with children born to women with no folic acid prescription exposure, children born to women with exposures in the first trimester only or first trimester and later had increased relative odds of asthma (adjusted odds ratios = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 1.3, and 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 1.3); no association was seen in children born to women exposed after the first trimester. CONCLUSION Timing of folic acid-containing prescription filling during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthma. Our findings contribute to understanding of the role of prenatal nutritional supplements on child respiratory health.
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15
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Litonjua AA, Gold DR. Early-Life Exposures and Later Lung Function. Add Pollutants to the Mix. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:110-1. [PMID: 26771413 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201510-1963ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto A Litonjua
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts and.,2 Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane R Gold
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts and.,2 Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Harju M, Keski-Nisula L, Georgiadis L, Heinonen S. Parental smoking and cessation during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:428. [PMID: 27220514 PMCID: PMC4877729 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the association between maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy, and asthma among offspring. Methods We conducted a hospital-based birth retrospective observational birth cohort study in a University-based Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. 39 306 women, delivering between 1989 and 2006, were linked to the national register for asthma reimbursement for their offspring (2641 asthmatics). Pregnancy factors were recorded during pregnancy. Results The risk of asthma was significantly elevated if both parents smoked (aOR 3.7; 95 % Cl 3.2-4.4) and it remained high in only paternal smoking families (aOR 2.9; 95 % Cl 2.5-3.3) as well as only maternal smoking families (aOR 1.7; 95 % Cl 1.2-2.2). Paternal cessation of smoking during pregnancy seemed to reduce the risk of asthma regardless of maternal smoking (aOR 0.3-0.4). Conclusions Parental smoking, and especially paternal smoking, was significantly associated with the risk of asthma in offspring and paternal cessation of smoking during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of childhood asthma regardless of maternal smoking. The results indicate that both parents should be encouraged to quit smoking during pregnancy, since it is a relatively easy and cheap way to reduce the risk of asthma in offspring. Trial registration The study is registered in Kuopio University Hospital register (TUTKI): ID5302448
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Affiliation(s)
- Maijakaisa Harju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box, 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box, 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Georgiadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box, 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki, Finland.,University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and risk of asthma and allergy in their offspring: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2016; 26:16021. [PMID: 27196620 PMCID: PMC4872518 DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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18
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Establishing a birth cohort to investigate the course and aetiology of asthma and allergies across three generations - rationale, design, and methods of the ACROSSOLAR study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1210. [PMID: 26637409 PMCID: PMC4670515 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic diseases are a major burden of disease on a global scale. Regarding their aetiology, the early years of life are assumed to play a crucial role. In addition, there is growing evidence that elucidating the impact of cross-generational effects and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation can substantially widen the scientific knowledge of the occurrence and progression of these diseases. We are thus aiming at following the course of asthma, allergies, and potential risk factors for their occurrence across three generations by establishing a birth cohort in the offspring of an existing population-based cohort. Methods/Design 2051 young adults who have been recruited in 1995 for Phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and who have subsequently been followed-up by the Study on Occupational Allergy Risks (SOLAR) are asked bi-annually since 2009 if they conceived a child in the meantime. If parenthood is reported, parents are invited to enrol along with their children in the ACROSSOLAR cohort. Participation involves completing a questionnaire assessing general and health-related information about the course of the pregnancy and the first year of life of their children. Subsequently, the children are followed up until primary school age when asthma and allergies can be diagnosed reliably. In addition, DNA for epigenetic analysis will be collected and analysed. Longitudinal data analysis techniques will then be used to assess potential associations between early-life exposures and onset of childhood asthma and allergies taking into account epigenetics. Discussion Birth cohorts are especially suited to elucidate the impact of genetic predisposition, epigenetics, exposures during the first years of life, and gene-environment interactions on the occurrence and progression of asthma and allergies. By building upon an existing cohort, ACROSSOLAR offers a unique and cost-effective opportunity to investigate the aetiology of atopic disease in a prospective and cross-generational way.
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19
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Thompson MA, Britt RD, Kuipers I, Stewart A, Thu J, Pandya HC, MacFarlane P, Pabelick CM, Martin RJ, Prakash YS. cAMP-mediated secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in developing airway smooth muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:2506-14. [PMID: 26112987 PMCID: PMC4558218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Moderate hyperoxic exposure in preterm infants contributes to subsequent airway dysfunction and to risk of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma. The regulatory mechanisms that can contribute to hyperoxia-induced airway dysfunction are still under investigation. Recent studies in mice show that hyperoxia increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a growth factor that increases airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation and contractility. We assessed the mechanisms underlying effects of moderate hyperoxia (50% O2) on BDNF expression and secretion in developing human ASM. Hyperoxia increased BDNF secretion, but did not alter endogenous BDNF mRNA or intracellular protein levels. Exposure to hyperoxia significantly increased [Ca2+]i responses to histamine, an effect blunted by the BDNF chelator TrkB-Fc. Hyperoxia also increased ASM cAMP levels, associated with reduced PDE4 activity, but did not alter protein kinase A (PKA) activity or adenylyl cyclase mRNA levels. However, 50% O2 increased expression of Epac2, which is activated by cAMP and can regulate protein secretion. Silencing RNA studies indicated that Epac2, but not Epac1, is important for hyperoxia-induced BDNF secretion, while PKA inhibition did not influence BDNF secretion. In turn, BDNF had autocrine effects of enhancing ASM cAMP levels, an effect inhibited by TrkB and BDNF siRNAs. Together, these novel studies suggest that hyperoxia can modulate BDNF secretion, via cAMP-mediated Epac2 activation in ASM, resulting in a positive feedback effect of BDNF-mediated elevation in cAMP levels. The potential functional role of this pathway is to sustain BDNF secretion following hyperoxic stimulus, leading to enhanced ASM contractility and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ine Kuipers
- Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alecia Stewart
- Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James Thu
- Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hitesh C Pandya
- Department Pediatrics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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20
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Newby EA, Myers DA, Ducsay CA. Fetal endocrine and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E429-39. [PMID: 26173460 PMCID: PMC4556885 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00126.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In utero, hypoxia is a significant yet common stress that perturbs homeostasis and can occur due to preeclampsia, preterm labor, maternal smoking, heart or lung disease, obesity, and high altitude. The fetus has the extraordinary capacity to respond to stress during development. This is mediated in part by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and more recently explored changes in perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) in response to hypoxia. Obvious ethical considerations limit studies of the human fetus, and fetal studies in the rodent model are limited due to size considerations and major differences in developmental landmarks. The sheep is a common model that has been used extensively to study the effects of both acute and chronic hypoxia on fetal development. In response to high-altitude-induced, moderate long-term hypoxia (LTH), both the HPA axis and PAT adapt to preserve normal fetal growth and development while allowing for responses to acute stress. Although these adaptations appear beneficial during fetal development, they may become deleterious postnatally and into adulthood. The goal of this review is to examine the role of the HPA axis in the convergence of endocrine and metabolic adaptive responses to hypoxia in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Newby
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and
| | - Dean A Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charles A Ducsay
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and
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21
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Berthon BS, Wood LG. Nutrition and respiratory health--feature review. Nutrients 2015; 7:1618-43. [PMID: 25751820 PMCID: PMC4377870 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and nutrition may be important modifiable risk factors for the development, progression and management of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review examines the relationship between dietary patterns, nutrient intake and weight status in obstructive lung diseases, at different life stages, from in-utero influences through childhood and into adulthood. In vitro and animal studies suggest important roles for various nutrients, some of which are supported by epidemiological studies. However, few well-designed human intervention trials are available to definitively assess the efficacy of different approaches to nutritional management of respiratory diseases. Evidence for the impact of higher intakes of fruit and vegetables is amongst the strongest, yet other dietary nutrients and dietary patterns require evidence from human clinical studies before conclusions can be made about their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn S Berthon
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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22
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Stelmach I, Majak P, Jerzynska J, Podlecka D, Stelmach W, Polańska K, Gromadzińska J, Wąsowicz W, Hanke W. Cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D correlates with early childhood viral-induced wheezing. Respir Med 2014; 109:38-43. [PMID: 25468413 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are investigations concluding that reduced vitamin D status in pregnancy, may be a risk factor for the development of allergic outcomes in offspring. However, studies on the relationship between cord levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and risk of early childhood wheezing and early-onset atopic dermatitis/food allergy are very limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between cord blood concentration of 25[OH]D and occurrence of the incidence of wheezing, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, during the first two years of life. METHODS We evaluated 240 children by the age of 2 years from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study. Women were interviewed during pregnancy to collect demographic and socioeconomic data, the medical and reproductive history. At delivery, umbilical cord blood plasma was sampled. The child's health status were examined at approximately 2 years. In the analyses multivariable model was used. RESULTS Data from 190 participants were included into the analysis. The median value and quartile range of 25[OH]D in cord blood [ng/ml] were as follows: 6.33, 4.16-8.53. 25[OH]D in cord blood below lower quartile increases the risk of multi-triggered wheezing (MTW) in children during first 2 years of life (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.13-7.00). Higher cord serum level of 25[OH]D reduces the risk of viral induced wheezing (VIW). The cord serum level of 25[OH]D below median value (OR: 6.06; 95% CI: 1.3-28.3) or below lower quartile (OR: 5.43; 95% CI: 1.66-17.7) increases the risk of VIW. All above effects of vitamin D level in cord blood were corrected for the effects other independent risk factors of wheezing and VIW in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Cord serum 25[OH]D levels were inversely associated with the risk of multi-triggered wheezing, and especially viral-induced wheezing by the age of 2 years, but no association was found with food allergy, atopic dermatitis and frequencies of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stelmach
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Poland.
| | - P Majak
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Poland
| | - J Jerzynska
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Poland
| | - D Podlecka
- Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Poland
| | - W Stelmach
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Polańska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Gromadzińska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - W Wąsowicz
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - W Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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23
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Thacher JD, Gruzieva O, Pershagen G, Neuman Å, Wickman M, Kull I, Melén E, Bergström A. Pre- and postnatal exposure to parental smoking and allergic disease through adolescence. Pediatrics 2014; 134:428-34. [PMID: 25136039 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the role of prenatal and postnatal second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure on asthma, rhinitis, and eczema development up to 16 years of age. METHODS A birth cohort of 4089 children was followed for 16 years. Information on parental smoking habits, lifestyle factors, and symptoms of allergic disease was gathered using repeated parental questionnaires. Generalized estimating equations assessed the overall and age-specific associations between SHS exposure and allergic disease at ages 1 to 16 years. RESULTS Exposure to SHS in utero was associated with an overall elevated risk of developing asthma up to 16 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.83) but not for rhinitis or eczema. After additional adjustment for parental smoking throughout childhood, excess overall risks for asthma remained statistically significant. Moreover, a dose-dependent pattern with SHS was observed. Exposure to SHS during infancy was associated with an overall elevated risk of asthma (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.51), rhinitis (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.39), and eczema (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45) up to 16 years. When age-specific associations were examined, the elevated risks related to SHS exposure in utero or during infancy were mostly confined to early childhood for asthma and rhinitis, whereas the excess risk of eczema appeared greatest at later ages. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that early SHS exposure, in utero or during infancy, influences the development of allergic disease up to adolescence. Excess risks for asthma and rhinitis were seen primarily in early childhood, whereas those for eczema occurred at later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Neuman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Forno E, Young OM, Kumar R, Simhan H, Celedón JC. Maternal obesity in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and risk of childhood asthma. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e535-46. [PMID: 25049351 PMCID: PMC4187236 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Environmental or lifestyle exposures in utero may influence the development of childhood asthma. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess whether maternal obesity in pregnancy (MOP) or increased maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) increased the risk of asthma in offspring. METHODS We included all observational studies published until October 2013 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, The Cochrane Database, and Ovid. Random effects models with inverse variance weights were used to calculate pooled risk estimates. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included (N = 108 321 mother-child pairs). Twelve studies reported maternal obesity, and 5 reported GWG. Age of children was 14 months to 16 years. MOP was associated with higher odds of asthma or wheeze ever (OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.49) or current (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07-1.37); each 1-kg/m(2) increase in maternal BMI was associated with a 2% to 3% increase in the odds of childhood asthma. High GWG was associated with higher odds of asthma or wheeze ever (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.001-1.34). Maternal underweight and low GWG were not associated with childhood asthma or wheeze. Meta-regression showed a negative association of borderline significance for maternal asthma history (P = .07). The significant heterogeneity among existing studies indicates a need for standardized approaches to future studies on the topic. CONCLUSIONS MOP and high GWG are associated with an elevated risk of childhood asthma; this finding may be particularly significant for mothers without asthma history. Prospective randomized trials of maternal weight management are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
| | - Omar M. Young
- University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;,Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hyagriv Simhan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;,Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;,University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Litonjua AA, Lange NE, Carey VJ, Brown S, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, O'Connor GT, Sandel M, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Weiss ST. The Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART): rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy for the primary prevention of asthma and allergies in children. Contemp Clin Trials 2014; 38:37-50. [PMID: 24614387 PMCID: PMC4086903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is intense interest in the role of vitamin D in the development of asthma and allergies. However, studies differ on whether a higher vitamin D intake or status in pregnancy or at birth is protective against asthma and allergies. To address this uncertainty, the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) was developed. VDAART is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women to determine whether prenatal supplementation can prevent the development of asthma and allergies in women's offspring. A secondary aim is to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can prevent the development of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes. Women were randomized to the treatment arm of 4000IU/day of vitamin D3 plus a daily multivitamin that contained 400IU of vitamin D3 or the placebo arm of placebo plus a multivitamin that contained 400IU daily of vitamin D3. Women who were between the gestational ages of 10 and 18 weeks were randomized from three clinical centers across the United States - Boston Medical Center, Washington University in St. Louis, and Kaiser Permanente Southern California Region (San Diego, CA). Supplementation took place throughout pregnancy. Monthly monitoring of urinary calcium to creatinine ratio was performed in addition to medical record review for adverse events. Offspring are being evaluated quarterly through questionnaires and yearly during in-person visits until the 3rd birthday of the child. Ancillary studies will investigate neonatal T-regulatory cell function, maternal vaginal flora, and maternal and child intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto A Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Nancy E Lange
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent J Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stacey Brown
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin J Harshfield
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George T O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan Sandel
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert C Strunk
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert S Zeiger
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael Schatz
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Sonnenschein-van der Voort AMM, Arends LR, de Jongste JC, Annesi-Maesano I, Arshad SH, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Bisgaard H, Chatzi L, Corpeleijn E, Correia S, Craig LC, Devereux G, Dogaru C, Dostal M, Duchen K, Eggesbø M, van der Ent CK, Fantini MP, Forastiere F, Frey U, Gehring U, Gori D, van der Gugten AC, Hanke W, Henderson AJ, Heude B, Iñiguez C, Inskip HM, Keil T, Kelleher CC, Kogevinas M, Kreiner-Møller E, Kuehni CE, Küpers LK, Lancz K, Larsen PS, Lau S, Ludvigsson J, Mommers M, Nybo Andersen AM, Palkovicova L, Pike KC, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Roberts G, Schmidt A, Sram RJ, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Torrent M, Viljoen K, Wijga AH, Vrijheid M, Jaddoe VWV, Duijts L. Preterm birth, infant weight gain, and childhood asthma risk: a meta-analysis of 147,000 European children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1317-29. [PMID: 24529685 PMCID: PMC4024198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant catch-up growth seem associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases in later life, but individual studies showed conflicting results. Objectives We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis for 147,252 children of 31 birth cohort studies to determine the associations of birth and infant growth characteristics with the risks of preschool wheezing (1-4 years) and school-age asthma (5-10 years). Methods First, we performed an adjusted 1-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the combined associations of gestational age, birth weight, and infant weight gain with childhood asthma. Second, we performed an adjusted 2-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the associations of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) with childhood asthma outcomes. Results Younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were independently associated with higher risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma (P < .05). The inverse associations of birth weight with childhood asthma were explained by gestational age at birth. Compared with term-born children with normal infant weight gain, we observed the highest risks of school-age asthma in children born preterm with high infant weight gain (odds ratio [OR], 4.47; 95% CI, 2.58-7.76). Preterm birth was positively associated with an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pooled odds ratio [pOR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.43) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67) independent of birth weight. Weaker effect estimates were observed for the associations of low birth weight adjusted for gestational age at birth with preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27). Conclusion Younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with childhood asthma outcomes. The associations of lower birth weight with childhood asthma were largely explained by gestational age at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M M Sonnenschein-van der Voort
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia R Arends
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Pedagogical Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- EPAR, UMR-S 707 INSERM Paris, Paris, France; EPAR, UMR-S 707, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - S Hasan Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Henrique Barros
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Gipuzkoa, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Correia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leone C Craig
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Devereux
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Dogaru
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Dostal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Duchen
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, and Pediatric Clinic, County Council of Östergötland County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Kors van der Ent
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria P Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne C van der Gugten
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - A John Henderson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Heude
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Lifelong Epidemiology Of Obesity, Diabetes, and Renal Disease Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of nursery and chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Eskil Kreiner-Møller
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kinga Lancz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pernille S Larsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Lau
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, and Pediatric Clinic, County Council of Östergötland County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Monique Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lubica Palkovicova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katharine C Pike
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kinga Polanska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Graham Roberts
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Schmidt
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Radim J Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maties Torrent
- IB-SALUT, Area de Salut de Menorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Karien Viljoen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jones MH, Corso AL, Tepper RS, Edelweiss MIA, Friedrich L, Pitrez PMC, Stein RT. Chorioamnionitis and subsequent lung function in preterm infants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81193. [PMID: 24339909 PMCID: PMC3855222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between prematurity, gender and chorioamnionitis as determinants of early life lung function in premature infants. METHODS Placenta and membranes were collected from preterm deliveries (<37 weeks gestational age) and evaluated for histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Patients were followed and lung function was performed in the first year of life by Raised Volume-Rapid Thoracic Compression Technique. RESULTS Ninety-five infants (43 males) born prematurely (median gestational age 34.2 weeks) were recruited. HCA was detected in 66 (69%) of the placentas, and of these 55(58%) were scored HCA Grade 1, and 11(12%) HCA Grade 2. Infants exposed to HCA Grade 1 and Grade 2, when compared to those not exposed, presented significantly lower gestational ages, higher prevalence of RDS, clinical early-onset sepsis, and the use of supplemental oxygen more than 28 days. Infants exposed to HCA also had significantly lower maximal flows. There was a significant negative trend for z-scores of lung function in relation to levels of HCA; infants had lower maximal expiratory flows with increasing level of HCA. (p = 0.012 for FEF50, p = 0.014 for FEF25-75 and p = 0.32 for FEV0.5). Two-way ANOVA adjusted for length and gestational age indicated a significant interaction between sex and HCA in determining expiratory flows (p<0.01 for FEF50, FEF25-75 and p<0.05 for FEV0.5). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that female preterm infants exposed to HCA Grade 1 and Grade 2 had significant lower lung function than those not exposed, and this effect was not observed among males. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a sex-specific negative effect of prenatal inflammation on lung function of female preterm infants. This study confirms and expands knowledge upon the known association between chorioamnionitis and early life chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H Jones
- Institute of Biomedical Research, and School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kho AT, Sharma S, Qiu W, Gaedigk R, Klanderman B, Niu S, Anderson C, Leeder JS, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG. Vitamin D related genes in lung development and asthma pathogenesis. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:47. [PMID: 24188128 PMCID: PMC4228235 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor maternal vitamin D intake is a risk factor for subsequent childhood asthma, suggesting that in utero changes related to vitamin D responsive genes might play a crucial role in later disease susceptibility. We hypothesized that vitamin D pathway genes are developmentally active in the fetal lung and that these developmental genes would be associated with asthma susceptibility and regulation in asthma. Methods Vitamin D pathway genes were derived from PubMed and Gene Ontology surveys. Principal component analysis was used to identify characteristic lung development genes. Results Vitamin D regulated genes were markedly over-represented in normal human (odds ratio OR 2.15, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.69-2.74) and mouse (OR 2.68, 95% CI: 2.12-3.39) developing lung transcriptomes. 38 vitamin D pathway genes were in both developing lung transcriptomes with >63% of genes more highly expressed in the later than earlier stages of development. In immortalized B-cells derived from 95 asthmatics and their unaffected siblings, 12 of the 38 (31.6%) vitamin D pathway lung development genes were significantly differentially expressed (OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.43-6.21), whereas 11 (29%) genes were significantly differentially expressed in 43 control versus vitamin D treated immortalized B-cells from Childhood Asthma Management Program subjects (OR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.22-5.50). 4 genes, LAMP3, PIP5K1B, SCARB2 and TXNIP were identified in both groups; each displays significant biologic plausibility for a role in asthma. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a significant association between early lung development and asthma–related phenotypes for vitamin D pathway genes, supporting a genomic mechanistic basis for the epidemiologic observations relating maternal vitamin D intake and childhood asthma susceptibility.
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Kumar R, Nguyen EA, Roth LA, Oh SS, Gignoux CR, Huntsman S, Eng C, Moreno-Estrada A, Sandoval K, Peñaloza-Espinosa RI, López-López M, Avila PC, Farber HJ, Tcheurekdjian H, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Serebrisky D, Thyne SM, Williams LK, Winkler C, Bustamante CD, Pérez-Stable EJ, Borrell LN, Burchard EG. Factors associated with degree of atopy in Latino children in a nationwide pediatric sample: the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Asthmatics (GALA II) study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:896-905.e1. [PMID: 23684070 PMCID: PMC3788073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopy varies by ethnicity, even within Latino groups. This variation might be due to environmental, sociocultural, or genetic factors. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine risk factors for atopy within a nationwide study of US Latino children with and without asthma. METHODS Aeroallergen skin test responses were analyzed in 1830 US Latino subjects. Key determinants of atopy included country/region of origin, generation in the United States, acculturation, genetic ancestry, and site to which subjects migrated. Serial multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regressions stratified by asthma status examined the association of each key determinant variable with the number of positive skin test responses. In addition, the independent effect of each key variable was determined by including all key variables in the final models. RESULTS In baseline analyses African ancestry was associated with 3 times (95% CI, 1.62-5.57) as many positive skin test responses in asthmatic participants and 3.26 times (95% CI, 1.02-10.39) as many positive skin test responses in control participants. Generation and recruitment site were also associated with atopy in crude models. In final models adjusted for key variables, asthmatic patients of Puerto Rican (exp[β] [95% CI], 1.31 [1.02-1.69]) and mixed (exp[β] [95% CI], 1.27 [1.03-1.56]) ethnicity had a greater probability of positive skin test responses compared with Mexican asthmatic patients. Ancestry associations were abrogated by recruitment site but not region of origin. CONCLUSIONS Puerto Rican ethnicity and mixed origin were associated with degree of atopy within US Latino children with asthma. African ancestry was not associated with degree of atopy after adjusting for recruitment site. Local environment variation, represented by site, was associated with degree of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Memorial Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
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Halonen M, Lohman IC, Stern DA, Ellis WL, Rothers J, Wright AL. Perinatal tumor necrosis factor-α production, influenced by maternal pregnancy weight gain, predicts childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:35-41. [PMID: 23590270 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1265oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Innate immune responses marked by increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α have been associated with asthma but whether such alterations are evident before symptoms is not yet clear. OBJECTIVES To determine if prevalence of childhood asthma or asthma-related traits is predicted by perinatal innate immune status and if maternal factors related to pregnancy influence asthma prevalence and innate immune status. METHODS In the Tucson Infant Immune Study (a nonselected birth cohort), presence of eczema and wheezing in the child's first year and physician-diagnosed asthma through age 9 and asthma in the parents was obtained from parent-completed questionnaires. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured in supernatants of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at birth and 3 months as was TNF-α in plasma. TNF-α single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by Sequenom. Percent predicted FEV1/FVC was measured at age 9. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and prepregnancy weight were ascertained from medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Infants with persistently elevated LPS-induced TNF-α at birth and 3 months were at increased risk for childhood asthma (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; confidence interval [CI], 1.9-8.8; n = 233; P = 0.0003) and had decreased FEV1/FVC ratios at age 9. Children with mothers in the top tertile for pregnancy weight gain had increased risk for asthma (OR, 3.4; CI, 1.7-6.9; n = 225; P = 0.001) and persistently elevated TNF-α in early life (OR, 2.9; CI, 1.4-8.2; n = 195; P = 0.013). These relations were independent of maternal asthma and rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS Persistently elevated LPS-induced TNF-α production early in life acts as a predictive biomarker for childhood asthma, and excess pregnancy weight gain in the mother seems to contribute to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Halonen
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Saadeh D, Salameh P, Baldi I, Raherison C. Diet and allergic diseases among population aged 0 to 18 years: myth or reality? Nutrients 2013; 5:3399-423. [PMID: 23995043 PMCID: PMC3798911 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are an important health problem. However, epidemiological studies concerning childhood diet-related allergic diseases are scarce. This review examines published articles dealing with diet, dietary patterns and nutrition in relation with allergic diseases among population aged 0 to 18 years. Studies and trials were identified using MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and were limited to those published in English or French from 1992 until 2012. This manuscript also reviews the evidence for maternal diet during pregnancy and diet during early childhood and their association with childhood atopic diseases, taking into account the methodology used to evaluate dietary patterns. The evidence reviewed is derived from large epidemiological studies exploring the effects of different food categories on asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis in children. Overall, maternal diet during pregnancy and a childhood diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids are considered as healthy diets that could be protective for allergic diseases in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Saadeh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +961-70-904-307; Fax: +961-5-463-312
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon; E-Mail:
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Laboratory “Santé Travail Environnement”, INSERM U897, Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux 33076, France; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Chantal Raherison
- Laboratory “Santé Travail Environnement”, INSERM U897, Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux 33076, France; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.R.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Magellan Avenue, Pessac 33604, France
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Thikkurissy S, Crawford B, Groner J, Stewart R, Smiley MK. Effect of passive smoke exposure on general anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. Anesth Prog 2013; 59:143-6. [PMID: 23241036 DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-59.4.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that children with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (also known as passive smoke exposure) do not demonstrate an increased likelihood of adverse respiratory events during or while recovering from general anesthesia administered for treatment of early childhood caries. Parents of children (ages 19 months-12 years) preparing to receive general anesthesia for the purpose of dental restorative procedures were interviewed regarding the child's risk for ETS. Children were observed during and after the procedure by a standardized dentist anesthesiologist and postanesthesia care unit nurse who independently recorded severity of 6 types of adverse respiratory events-coughing, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath holding, hypersecretion, and airway obstruction. Data from 99 children were analyzed. The children for whom ETS was reported were significantly older than their ETS-free counterparts (P = .03). If the primary caregiver smoked, there was a significantly higher incidence of smoking by other members of the family (P < .0001) as well as smoking in the house (P < .0005). There were no significant differences between the adverse respiratory outcomes of the ETS (+) and ETS (-) groups. The ETS (+) children did have significantly longer recovery times (P < .0001) despite not having significantly more dental caries (P = .38) or longer procedure times. ETS is a poor indicator of post-general anesthesia respiratory morbidity in children being treated for early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thikkurissy
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Collier CH, Risnes K, Norwitz ER, Bracken MB, Illuzzi JL. Maternal Infection in Pregnancy and Risk of Asthma in Offspring. Matern Child Health J 2013; 17:1940-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-013-1220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Guerra S, Sartini C, Mendez M, Morales E, Guxens M, Basterrechea M, Arranz L, Sunyer J. Maternal prepregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for frequent wheezing in infants by age 14 months. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2013; 27:100-8. [PMID: 23215717 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal prepregnancy obesity has been linked to the offspring's risk for subsequent asthma. We determined whether maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of wheezing phenotypes early in life. METHODS We used data on 1107 mother-child pairs from two birth cohorts from the INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente project. Maternal height was measured and prepregnancy weight self-reported at enrolment (on average at 13.7 ± 2 weeks of gestation). Maternal prepregnancy body mass index was categorised as underweight, normal, overweight and obese according to WHO recommendations. Information on child's wheezing was obtained through questionnaires up to the age of 14 (± 1) months. Wheezing was classified as infrequent (<4 reported wheezing episodes) or frequent (≥ 4 episodes). Weight and length of infants were measured by trained study staff at 14.6 (± 1) months of age and weight-for-length z-scores computed. RESULTS Although maternal obesity did not increase the risk of the child to have any or infrequent wheezing, children of obese mothers were more likely to have frequent wheezing than children of normal-weight mothers (11.8% vs. 3.8%; P = 0.002). In fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression models, including infants' weight-for-length z-scores and other covariates, maternal prepregnancy obesity was associated with increased risk of frequent [adjusted relative risk (RR) 4.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55, 11.3] but not infrequent (RR 1.05 [95% CI 0.55, 2.01]) wheezing in their children. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prepregnancy obesity is independently associated with an increased risk of frequent wheezing in the infant by the age of 14 months. These findings add evidence on the potential effects of in utero exposures on asthma-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guerra
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Dust mites, cockroaches, and pets (cats, dogs) are common in homes worldwide, and many species are the source of potent allergens which cause allergic diseases. These diseases are influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental exposure. Generally, the levels of house dust mite (Der p 1 and Der f 1) and cockroach (Bla g 1, Bla g 2) allergens are used as markers of indoor exposure to arthropods.This article reviews the findings of allergens Der p 1, Der f 1, and Bla g 1 in randomly selected urban households in Zagreb (Croatia) measured from 2006 to 2010 and compares them with exposure to arthropod allergens in other countries. In short, house dust mite allergen levels in Croatian homes are low, but exposure is common; Der p 1 was found in 73 % and Der f 1 in 83 % of the households. By contrast, exposure to cockroach allergen Bla g 1 was both low and uncommon (13 %). Exposure to multiple allergens associated with sensitisation and asthma was not frequent in urban homes in Croatia. However, further studies should include monitoring of both arthropod and pet allergens in high-risk populations in inland and coastal Croatia. They should also investigate a complex dose-response relationship between exposure and sensitisation/asthma development, especially in early childhood.
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Perinatal exposures and Kawasaki disease in Washington State: a population-based, case-control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012; 31:1027-31. [PMID: 22653485 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31825eaed0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested the hypothesis that selected perinatal exposures are associated with Kawasaki Disease (KD) in later childhood. METHODS A retrospective, population-based, case-control study was performed. Children hospitalized for KD in Washington State from 1987 to 2007 (n = 995) were identified through hospital discharge records and were linked to birth certificates and birth hospitalization discharge records. Controls were randomly selected from remaining birth records. Maternal and infant exposure information was obtained from hospital discharge records. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted relative risk estimates and to explore the effect of gender on observed associations. RESULTS After adjusting for race, gender and birth year, the following were significantly associated with KD: maternal age ≥35 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.65; [95% confidence interval: 1.20-2.27]); mother of foreign birth (OR 1.36; [1.06-1.75]); maternal Group B streptococcal colonization (OR 0.51; [0.26-0.97]); and early infancy hospitalization (OR 1.42; [1.04-1.93]). Early hospitalization for bacterial illness was associated with a 2.8-fold increased risk of KD (OR 2.84; [1.59-5.06]). There was weak evidence to suggest that the association between early hospitalization and KD varies by gender. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence of association between certain perinatal exposures and KD and raises the possibility of late biological effects of immune exposures during infancy. The association between KD and early infectious exposures deserves further study.
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Maternal familism predicts birthweight and asthma symptoms three years later. Soc Sci Med 2012; 76:28-38. [PMID: 23142569 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are marked ethnic and socioeconomic differences in birthweight and childhood asthma, conditions which may be linked causally or via a third variable. Cultural resources are often credited with diminished health disparities in infancy and childhood among subsets of poor and minority populations; yet direct empirical tests of this hypothesis are needed. In this study, ethnicity, lifespan family socioeconomic position (FSEP), and the cultural resource of familism were compared as predictors of birthweight and expression of asthma symptoms (AE) by age three. Familism and lifespan FSEP were assessed in 4633 socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans, White Americans, and Latinas upon giving birth, as was offspring birthweight. AE was assessed in offspring through age three. Asthma diagnosis by age three was likelier in very low (≤ 1500 g) and low (≤ 2500 g) birthweight infants compared to infants born at average (2501-3999 g) or larger (≥ 4000 g) birthweights. Asthma risk associated with lower birthweight was higher for Latinos (17-35%) and African Americans (19-23%) than for White Americans (13-14%). As predicted, maternal familism was higher among White Americans than among African Americans and Latinas, an effect that was largely driven by ethnic disparities in lifespan FSEP. Familism predicted continuous birthweight (p = .003) and AE (p = .001) by age three independently of ethnicity and lifespan FSEP accounting for appropriate control variables, including maternal biomedical risk, maternal acculturation, parental marital status, and infant sex. There was a 71-g gain in birthweight for every one-unit increase in familism. The protective effect of familism on AE by age three was strongest for participants of lower lifespan FSEP. Maternal familism is one cultural resource that may reduce reproductive and intergenerational health disparities in both U.S.- and foreign-born Americans. Consistent with our previous work, familism and other nonmaterial resources covary with material resources. Nevertheless, culture is distinguishable from lifespan FSEP and ethnicity, and has health implications beyond associations to ethnicity, lifespan FSEP, and related biomedical and sociodemographic factors.
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Abstract
Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder of multifactorial origins that affects 300 million people suffering from asthma and more than 250,000 asthma-related deaths each year. Although treatment for asthma has improved, its prevalence continues to increase, particularly in low and middle income countries, or in some ethnic groups in which prevalence was previously low. Observed spatio-temporal variations in the increased prevalence of asthma depend on exposure to environmental factors. Recently, several arguments are also in favor of the involvement of host susceptibility and stress in the observed increase of asthma prevalence. Further investigations are warranted to better understand mechanisms underlying asthma increase or stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Baïz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 707, Department of Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Paris F-75012, France
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Slaats GG, Reinius LE, Alm J, Kere J, Scheynius A, Joerink M. DNA methylation levels within the CD14 promoter region are lower in placentas of mothers living on a farm. Allergy 2012; 67:895-903. [PMID: 22564189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation has been suggested to be a link between environmental intrauterine exposures and development of asthma and allergy. The placenta is an essential part of the intrauterine environment. We have previously found the innate immune receptor CD14 to be differentially expressed on the mRNA level in placentas in relation to lifestyle and parental allergen sensitization. We here hypothesized that the promoter region of CD14 may be subject to differential DNA methylation and therefore a link between intrauterine exposure and mRNA expression. METHODS Ninety-four placentas from the ALADDIN (Assessment of Lifestyle and Allergic Disease During Infancy) study were investigated. We used methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis to semi-quantitatively analyze the DNA methylation of the promoter region of CD14 in 36 placentas known to have different CD14 mRNA expression. EpiTYPER was used to validate the MS-HRM data and to analyze an additional 58 placentas selected on mothers living on a farm or not. RESULTS MS-HRM analysis on 36 placenta samples revealed a relation between methylation of the CD14 promoter region with the level of CD14 mRNA expression. The MS-HRM and EpiTYPER data correlated highly significantly. EpiTYPER analysis of the additional 58 placentas demonstrated that DNA methylation in the CD14 promoter was significantly lower in placentas of mothers living on a farm compared with mothers not living on a farm. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that epigenetic regulation of CD14 in placenta might be involved in the protective effect of 'living on a farm', with regard to allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovisa E. Reinius
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Johan Alm
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Sachs' Children's Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
| | | | - Annika Scheynius
- Department of Medicine Solna; Translational Immunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Maaike Joerink
- Department of Medicine Solna; Translational Immunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
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Savasan ZA, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Hussein Y, Kusanovic JP, Xu Y, Dong Z, Kim CJ, Hassan SS. Interleukin-19 in fetal systemic inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:995-1005. [PMID: 21767236 PMCID: PMC3383927 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.605917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is considered the fetal counterpart of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which can be caused by infection and non-infection-related insults. Although the initial response is mediated by pro-inflammatory signals, the control of this response is achieved by anti-inflammatory mediators which are essential for the successful outcome of the affected individual. Interleukin (IL)-19 is capable of stimulating the production of IL-10, a major anti-inflammatory cytokine, and is a potent inducer of the T-helper 2 (Th2) response. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a change in umbilical cord plasma IL-19 and IL-10 concentrations in preterm neonates with and without acute funisitis, the histologic counterpart of FIRS. METHODS A case-control study was conducted including 80 preterm neonates born after spontaneous labor. Neonates were classified according to the presence (n = 40) or absence of funisitis (n = 40), which is the pathologic hallmark of FIRS. Neonates in each group were also matched for gestational age. Umbilical cord plasma IL-19 and IL-10 concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS 1) The median umbilical cord plasma IL-19 concentration was 2.5-fold higher in neonates with funisitis than in those without funisitis (median 87 pg/mL; range 20.6-412.6 pg/mL vs. median 37 pg/mL; range 0-101.7 pg/mL; p < 0.001); 2) newborns with funisitis had a significantly higher median umbilical cord plasma IL-10 concentration than those without funisitis (median 4 pg/mL; range 0-33.5 pg/mL vs. median 2 pg/mL; range 0-13.8 pg/mL; p < 0.001); and 3) the results were similar when we included only patients with funisitis who met the definition of FIRS by umbilical cord plasma IL-6 concentrations ≥ 17.5 pg/mL (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION IL-19 and IL-10 are parts of the immunologic response of FIRS. A subset of fetuses with FIRS had high umbilical cord plasma IL-19 concentrations. In utero exposure to high systemic concentrations of IL-19 may reprogram the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Alpay Savasan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Youssef Hussein
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile and Center for Perinatal Research, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
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Duijts L, Jaddoe VW, van der Valk RJ, Henderson JA, Hofman A, Raat H, Steegers EA, Moll HA, de Jongste JC. Fetal Exposure to Maternal and Paternal Smoking and the Risks of Wheezing in Preschool Children. Chest 2012; 141:876-885. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increase in incidence and prevalence of allergic disease remains a mystery and cannot be explained solely by genetic factors. The hygiene hypothesis provides the strongest epidemiological explanation for the rise in allergic disease. This review evaluates the recent epidemiological and mechanistic research in the role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of or protection from allergic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature has extended the epidemiological findings of the protective effect of being born and reared in a farm environment and associates an increased diversity of organisms in house-dust samples with protection from allergic disease. Furthermore, human and animal studies provide increasing evidence for the role of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, including regulatory cells, as mediators of this protective effect. SUMMARY There is evidence that exposure to some infectious organisms can protect from atopy, whereas other infections appear to promote allergic diseases. The timing of exposure to infection and the properties of the infectious agent, in addition to the genetic susceptibility of the host, play an important role in the future development of allergic disease.
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Gestational medication use, birth conditions, and early postnatal exposures for childhood asthma. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:913426. [PMID: 22203862 PMCID: PMC3235498 DOI: 10.1155/2012/913426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to explore (1) whether gestational medication use, mode of delivery, and early postnatal exposure correlate with childhood asthma, (2) the dose responsiveness of such exposure, and (3) their links to early- and late-onset asthma. We conducted a matched case-control study based on the Taiwan Children Health Study, which was a nationwide survey that recruited 12-to-14-year-old school children in 14 communities. 579 mothers of the participants were interviewed by telephone. Exclusive breastfeeding protected children from asthma. Notably, childhood asthma was significantly associated with maternal medication use during pregnancy, vacuum use during vaginal delivery, recurrent respiratory tract infections, hospitalization, main caregiver cared for other children, and early daycare attendance. Exposure to these factors led to dose responsiveness in relationships to asthma. Most of the exposures revealed a greater impact on early-onset asthma, except for vacuum use and daycare attendance.
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Goyal NK, Fiks AG, Lorch SA. Association of late-preterm birth with asthma in young children: practice-based study. Pediatrics 2011; 128:e830-8. [PMID: 21911345 PMCID: PMC3387906 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of late-preterm birth with asthma severity among young children. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed with electronic health record data from 31 practices affiliated with an academic medical center. Participants included children born in 2007 at 34 to 42 weeks of gestation and monitored from birth to 18 months. We used multivariate logistic or Poisson models to assess the impact of late-preterm (34-36 weeks) and low-normal (37-38 weeks) compared with term (39-42 weeks) gestation on diagnoses of asthma and persistent asthma, inhaled corticosteroid use, and numbers of acute respiratory visits. RESULTS Our population included 7925 infants (7% late-preterm and 21% low-normal gestation). Overall, 8.3% had been diagnosed with asthma by 18 months. Compared with term gestation, late-preterm gestation was associated with significant increases in persistent asthma diagnoses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.68), inhaled corticosteroid use (aOR: 1.66), and numbers of acute respiratory visits (incidence rate ratio: 1.44). Low-normal gestation was associated with increases in asthma diagnoses (aOR: 1.34) and inhaled corticosteroid use (aOR: 1.39). CONCLUSION Birth at late-preterm and low-normal gestational ages might be an important risk factor for the development of asthma and for increased health service use in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera K. Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, ,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics and
| | - Alexander G. Fiks
- Department of Pediatrics, ,Center for Biomedical Informatics, and ,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics and ,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A. Lorch
- Department of Pediatrics, ,Center for Outcomes Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and ,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics and ,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kumar R, Tsai HJ, Hong X, Gignoux C, Pearson C, Ortiz K, Fu M, Pongracic JA, Burchard EG, Bauchner H, Wang X. African ancestry, early life exposures, and respiratory morbidity in early childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 42:265-74. [PMID: 22093077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities persist in early childhood wheezing and cannot be completely explained by known risk factors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of genetic ancestry and self-identified race with early childhood recurrent wheezing, accounting for socio-economic status (SES) and early life exposures. METHODS We studied 1034 children in an urban, multi-racial, prospective birth cohort. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of genetic ancestry as opposed to self-identified race with recurrent wheezing (>3 episodes). Sequential models accounted for demographic, socio-economic factors and early life risk factors. Genetic ancestry, estimated using 150 ancestry informative markers, was expressed in deciles. RESULTS Approximately 6.1% of subjects (mean age 3.1 years) experienced recurrent wheezing. After accounting for SES and demographic factors, African ancestry (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31) was significantly associated with recurrent wheezing. By self-reported race, hispanic subjects had a borderline decrease in risk of wheeze compared with African Americans (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.19-1.00), whereas white subjects (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.14-1.57) did not have. After further adjustment for known confounders and early life exposures, both African (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34) and European ancestry (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94) retained a significant association with recurrent wheezing, as compared with self-identified race (OR(whites) : 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09-1.14; OR(hispanic) : 0.47, 95% CI: 0.20-1.08). There were no significant interactions between ancestry and early life factors on recurrent wheezing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In contrast to self-identified race, African ancestry remained a significant, independent predictor of early childhood wheezing after accounting for early life and other known risk factors associated with lung function changes and asthma. Genetic ancestry may be a powerful way to evaluate wheezing disparities and a proxy for differentially distributed genetic and early life risk factors associated with childhood recurrent wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Singh SP, Gundavarapu S, Peña-Philippides JC, Rir-Sima-ah J, Mishra NC, Wilder JA, Langley RJ, Smith KR, Sopori ML. Prenatal secondhand cigarette smoke promotes Th2 polarization and impairs goblet cell differentiation and airway mucus formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4542-52. [PMID: 21930963 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parental, particularly maternal, smoking increases the risk for childhood allergic asthma and infection. Similarly, in a murine allergic asthma model, prenatal plus early postnatal exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke (SS) exacerbates airways hyperreactivity and Th2 responses in the lung. However, the mechanism and contribution of prenatal versus early postnatal SS exposure on allergic asthma remain unresolved. To identify the effects of prenatal and/or early postnatal SS on allergic asthma, BALB/c dams and their offspring were exposed gestationally and/or 8-10 wk postbirth to filtered air or SS. Prenatal, but not postnatal, SS strongly increased methacholine and allergen (Aspergillus)-induced airway resistance, Th2 cytokine levels, and atopy and activated the Th2-polarizing pathway GATA3/Lck/ERK1/2/STAT6. Either prenatal and/or early postnatal SS downregulated the Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet and, surprisingly, despite high levels of IL-4/IL-13, dramatically blocked the allergen-induced mucous cell metaplasia, airway mucus formation, and the expression of mucus-related genes/proteins: Muc5ac, γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors, and SAM pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor. Given that SS/nicotine exposure of normal adult mice promotes mucus formation, the results suggested that fetal and neonatal lung are highly sensitive to cigarette smoke. Thus, although the gestational SS promotes Th2 polarization/allergic asthma, it may also impair and/or delay the development of fetal and neonatal lung, affecting mucociliary clearance and Th1 responses. Together, this may explain the increased susceptibility of children from smoking parents to allergic asthma and childhood respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi P Singh
- Respiratory Immunology Division, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Chen YC, Tsai CH, Lee YL. Early-life indoor environmental exposures increase the risk of childhood asthma. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 215:19-25. [PMID: 21835690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to explore the relationships between exposure to dampness, pets, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) early in life and asthma in Taiwanese children, and to discuss their links to early- and late-onset asthma. We conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study from the Taiwan Children Health Study, which was a nationwide study that recruited 12-to-14 year-old school children in 14 communities. The 579 mothers of the participants were interviewed by telephone about their children's environmental exposures before they were 5 years old, including the in-utero period. Childhood asthma was associated with exposure to early life environmental factors, such as cockroaches (OR=2.16; 95% CI, 1.15-4.07), visible mould (OR=1.75; 95% CI, 1.15-2.67), mildewy odors (OR=5.04; 95% CI, 2.42-10.50), carpet (OR=2.36; 95% CI, 1.38-4.05), pets (OR=2.11; 95% CI, 1.20-3.72), and more than one hour of ETS per day (OR=1.93; 95% CI, 1.16-3.23). The ORs for mildewy odors, feather pillows, and ETS during early childhood were greater among children with late-onset asthma. Cockroaches, carpet, pets, and in-utero exposures to ETS affected the timing of early-onset asthma. Exposure to these factors led to dose-responsiveness in the risk of asthma. And the earlier exposures may trigger the earlier onset. Interventions in avoiding these environmental exposures are necessary for early-prevention of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Vogt H, Lindström K, Bråbäck L, Hjern A. Preterm birth and inhaled corticosteroid use in 6- to 19-year-olds: a Swedish national cohort study. Pediatrics 2011; 127:1052-9. [PMID: 21555500 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm birth is associated with respiratory morbidity later in life, including asthma. Previous studies have mainly focused on asthma in early childhood in children born extremely preterm. In this study, we examined the risk of asthma in a national cohort of schoolchildren grouped according to degree of immaturity expressed as completed gestational weeks at birth. METHODS This was a register study in a Swedish national cohort of 1 100 826 children 6 to 19 years old. Retrieval of at least 1 prescription of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) during 2006 was used as the main indicator for asthma. Logistic regression was used to test hypotheses, with adjustment for multiple socioeconomic and perinatal indicators. RESULTS Degree of immaturity, expressed as completed gestational weeks at birth, had an inverse dose-response relationship with ICS use. Compared with children born between 39 and 41 weeks' gestation, the odds ratio for ICS use increased with the degree of prematurity, from 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.13) for children born in weeks 37 to 38, to 2.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.96-2.64) for children born in weeks 23 to 28, after adjustment for confounders. The increase in ICS use with decreasing gestational age at delivery was similar in boys and girls, and declined with older age. CONCLUSION Preterm birth increased the risk of ICS use in these 6- to 19-year-olds by degree of immaturity, from extremely preterm to early term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Vogt
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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