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Lu XY, Lv QY, Li QL, Zhang H, Chen CT, Tian HM. Impact of acupuncture on ischemia/reperfusion injury: Unraveling the role of miR-34c-5p and autophagy activation. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111031. [PMID: 39002935 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the expression of miR-34c-5p was up-regulated during acupuncture treatment in the setting of a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), indicating that miR-34c-5p plays an important role in healing from a CIRI-induced brain injury. This study sought to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on miR-34c-5p expression and autophagy in the forward and reverse directions using a rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. After 120 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, rats were treated with acupuncture at the "Dazhui" (DU20), "Baihui" (DU26) and "Renzhong" (DU14) points. Neurologic function deficit score, cerebral infarct area ratio, neuronal apoptosis and miR-34c-5p expression were evaluated 72 hr after treatment. The autophagy agonist RAPA and the antagonist 3MA were used to evaluate the neuro protective effects of autophagy-mediated acupuncture. We found that acupuncture treatment improved autophagy in the brain tissue of CIRI rats. Acupuncture reversed the negative effects of 3MA on CIRI, and acupuncture combined with RAPA further enhanced autophagy. We also found that acupuncture could increase miR-34c-5p expression in hippocampal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion. Acupuncture and a miR-34c agomir were able to enhance autophagy, improve neurologic deficits, and reduce the cerebral infarct area ratio and apoptosis rate by promoting the expression of miR-34c-5p. Silencing miR-34c resulted in a significantly reduced activating effect of acupuncture on autophagy and increased apoptosis, neurologic deficit symptoms, and cerebral infarct area ratio. This confirms that acupuncture can upregulate miR-34c-5p expression, which is beneficial in the treatment of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Lu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410007, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province 410004, China
| | - Qian-Yi Lv
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410007, China
| | - Qi-Long Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410007, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410007, China
| | - Chu-Tao Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410007, China.
| | - Hao-Mei Tian
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410007, China.
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Wang Q, Yang F, Duo K, Liu Y, Yu J, Wu Q, Cai Z. The Role of Necroptosis in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3882-3898. [PMID: 38038880 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, also known as ischemic stroke, accounts for nearly 85% of all strokes and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Due to disrupted blood supply to the brain, cerebral ischemic injury is trigged by a series of complex pathophysiological events including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Currently, there are few treatments for cerebral ischemia owing to an incomplete understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Accumulated evidence indicates that various types of programmed cell death contribute to cerebral ischemic injury, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Among these, necroptosis is morphologically similar to necrosis and is mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-1 and -3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. Necroptosis inhibitors have been shown to exert inhibitory effects on cerebral ischemic injury and neuroinflammation. In this review, we will discuss the current research progress regarding necroptosis in cerebral ischemia as well as the application of necroptosis inhibitors for potential therapeutic intervention in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Kun Duo
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Liu H, Li C, Zhang X, Chen H, Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Zheng S, Zou J, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Huang G, Zeng Q. BMSC-Exosomes attenuate ALP dysfunction by restoring lysosomal function via the mTOR/TFEB Axis to reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114726. [PMID: 38403042 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex pathophysiological changes following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) include the accumulation of defective proteins and damaged organelles, which cause massive neuron demise. To preserve cellular homeostasis, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) is crucial for neurons to dispose of these substances. Many studies have shown that bone mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (BMSC-Exos) can reduce CIRI. However, the specific mechanisms have not been well elucidated, a fact that limits its widespread clinical use. This study aimed to clarify whether BMSC-Exos could attenuate ALP dysfunction by restoring lysosomal function after CIRI via inhibiting mTOR and then activating TFEB nucleus translocation. METHODS In this study, Flow cytometry, Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Western blot were used to identify the BMSCs and BMSC-Exos used in this experiment as conforming to the requirements. In vivo experiments, SD rats were modeled with temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and BMSC-Exos was injected into the tail vein 2 h after modeling. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), corner turn test, and rotating rod test were used to detect neurological deficits in rats after BMSC-Exos intervention. Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to detect ALP, transcription factor EB(TFEB) nucleus translocation, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) change at different time points after modeling and after BMSC-Exos intervention. In vitro experiments, pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) modeling to mimic CIRI, and were respectively intervened with BMSC-Exos, BMSC-Exos + MHY 1485 (the mTOR agonist), Rapamycin (the mTOR inhibitor). CCK8, Western blot, and Immunofluorescence were used to detect PC12 cell survival, TFEB nucleus translocation, and cathepsin B(CTSB) Immunofluorescence intensity. RESULTS We found that ALP dysfunction occurred 72 h after tMCAO, and BMSC-Exos can attenuate ALP dysfunction by restoring lysosomal function. Next, we examined TFEB nucleus translocation and the expression of mTOR, a key regulator of translocation. We found that BMSC-Exos could inhibit mTOR and activate TFEB nucleus translocation. Additional in vitro tests revealed that BMSC-Exos could increase PC12 cell survival after OGD/R, activating TFEB nucleus translocation and enhancing the fluorescence intensity of CTSB, which in turn could be reversed by the mTOR agonist, MHY1485. This effect was similar to another mTOR inhibitor, Rapamycin. CONCLUSION BMSC-Exos could attenuate ALP dysfunction by restoring lysosomal function after CIRI by inhibiting mTOR and then promoting TFEB nucleus translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jihua Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong
| | - Yijin Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Guozhi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Stanzione R, Pietrangelo D, Cotugno M, Forte M, Rubattu S. Role of autophagy in ischemic stroke: insights from animal models and preliminary evidence in the human disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1360014. [PMID: 38590779 PMCID: PMC10999556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1360014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral injury in response to the ischemic insults are not completely understood. In this article, we summarize recent evidence regarding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by reviewing data obtained in murine models of either transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Few preliminary observational studies investigating the role of autophagy in subjects at high cerebrovascular risk and in cohorts of stroke patients were also reviewed. Autophagy plays a dual role in neuronal and vascular cells by exerting both protective and detrimental effects depending on its level, duration of stress and type of cells involved. Protective autophagy exerts adaptive mechanisms which reduce neuronal loss and promote survival. On the other hand, excessive activation of autophagy leads to neuronal cell death and increases brain injury. In conclusion, the evidence reviewed suggests that a proper manipulation of autophagy may represent an interesting strategy to either prevent or reduce brain ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhang C, Liu R, Chen M, Xu Y, Jin X, Shen B, Wang J. Autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and BAF may attenuate hippocampal neuronal necroptosis after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats by inhibiting the interaction of the RIP3/AIF/CypA complex. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25301. [PMID: 38361405 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study found that receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were involved in neuronal programmed necrosis during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we further studied its downstream mechanisms and the role of the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1 (BAF). A 20-min global cerebral I/R injury model was constructed using the 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method in male rats. 3-MA and BAF were injected into the lateral ventricle 1 h before ischemia. Spatial and activation changes of proteins were detected by immunofluorescence (IF), and protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation (IP). The phosphorylation of H2AX (γ-H2AX) and activation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL) occurred as early as 6 h after reperfusion. RIP3, AIF, and cyclophilin A (CypA) in the neurons after I/R injury were spatially overlapped around and within the nucleus and combined with each other after reperfusion. The survival rate of CA1 neurons in the 3-MA and BAF groups was significantly higher than that in the I/R group. Autophagy was activated significantly after I/R injury, which was partially inhibited by 3-MA and BAF. Pretreatment with both 3-MA and BAF almost completely inhibited nuclear translocation, spatial overlap, and combination of RIP3, AIF, and CypA proteins. These findings suggest that after global cerebral I/R injury, RIP3, AIF, and CypA translocated into the nuclei and formed the DNA degradation complex RIP3/AIF/CypA in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors could reduce neuronal necroptosis by preventing the formation of the RIP3/AIF/CypA complex and its nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Renhui Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jin
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jingye Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Wang X, Tian X, Shen H, Zhang X, Xie L, Chen M. Moderate Hyperkalemia Regulates Autophagy to Reduce Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a CA/CPR Rat Model. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1285. [PMID: 37759886 PMCID: PMC10526941 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) can cause irreversible brain damage and autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiology. Increasing serum potassium (K+) levels reduces CIRI, but the relationship between its protective mechanism and autophagy is unclear. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal degree of raising serum (K+) and to investigate the relationship between high (K+) and autophagy and the underlying mechanisms in a cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) rat model. METHODS Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: S group, N group, P group, and Q group. The rats S group and N group were administered saline. The rats P group and Q group were administered 640 mg/kg of potassium chloride (KCl) continuously pumped at 4 mL/h (21.3 mg/(kg·min) and divided according to the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes during the administration of KCl. After 24-h of resuscitation, neural damage was assessed by measuring neurological deficit score (NDS), oxidative stress markers, and pathological staining of the cerebral cortex. The level of autophagy and the expression of mTOR-ULK1-Beclin1 pathway-related proteins were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunostaining, and western blotting. RESULTS Our results revealed that high (K+) improved NDS and decreased the oxidative stress markers. The autophagosomes, autolysosomes, and lysosomes were decreased following treatment KCl. Furthermore, the levels of micro-tubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), and Beclin1 were decreased, whereas mTOR expression was increased in the cortex. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that moderate hyperkalemia could alleviate autophagy after CIRI via regulating the mTOR-ULK1-Beclin1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- The Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China; (X.W.); (X.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Xinyue Tian
- The Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China; (X.W.); (X.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Haiying Shen
- The Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China; (X.W.); (X.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- The Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lu Xie
- The Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Menghua Chen
- The Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China; (X.W.); (X.T.); (H.S.)
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Kamal AM, Nabih NA, Rakha NM, Sanad EF. Upregulation of necroptosis markers RIPK3/MLKL and their crosstalk with autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:447-456. [PMID: 35699825 PMCID: PMC10224853 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a novel form of programmed necrotic cell death involved in various autoimmune diseases. The potential role of necroptosis in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the possible interlink with autophagy have not been fully investigated. The gene expression of mixed lineage kinase-like domain (MLKL), receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and Beclin-1 were quantified in peripheral blood of 45 ITP patients and 20 healthy controls. Their associations with clinical, laboratory parameters and response to steroid therapy in ITP patients were evaluated. RIPK3, MLKL, and Beclin-1 were significantly upregulated in ITP patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Beclin-1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with both RIPK3 and MLKL mRNA levels in ITP patients (P < 0.0001). In addition, MLKL, RIPK3, and Beclin-1 mRNA levels were inversely correlated with platelet count (r = -0.330, -0.527 and -0.608, respectively). On the hand, positive correlations between MLKL (P = 0.01), RIPK3 (P = 0.005), Beclin-1 (P = 0.002) mRNA levels and severity of bleeding in ITP patients were reported. Steroid responders (n = 18, 40%) had significantly lower MLKL, RIPK3, Beclin-1 mRNA expression levels than their levels in the non-responders (n = 27, 60%). Necroptosis may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ITP and provide both novel therapeutic targets and promising biomarkers for the prediction of bleeding severity and treatment response in ITP patients. Additionally, this study highlighted the crosstalk between autophagy and necroptosis in ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abassia, 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. Nabih
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed M. Rakha
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F. Sanad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abassia, 11566 Cairo Egypt
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Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Han F, Chen Z, Zheng Y. Umbelliferone protects against cerebral ischemic injury through selective autophagy of mitochondria. Neurochem Int 2023; 165:105520. [PMID: 36933866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic treatments for ischemic stroke are limited. Previous studies suggest selective activation of mitophagy alleviates cerebral ischemic injury while excessive autophagy is detrimental. However, few compounds are available to selectively activate mitophagy without affecting autophagy flux. Here, we found that acute administration of Umbelliferone (UMB) upon reperfusion exerted neuroprotective effects against ischemic injury in mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and suppressed oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD-R)-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Interestingly, UMB promoted the translocation of mitophagy adaptor SQSTM1 to mitochondria and further reduced the mitochondrial content as well as the expression of SQSTM1 in SHSY5Y cells after OGD-R. Importantly, both the mitochondrial loss and reduction of SQSTM1 expression after UMB incubation can be reversed by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and wortmannin, proving the mitophagy activation by UMB. Nevertheless, UMB failed to further affect neither LC3 lipidation nor the number of autophagosomes after cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, UMB facilitated OGD-R-induced mitophagy in a Parkin-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy either pharmaceutically or genetically abolished the neuroprotective effects of UMB. Taken all, these results suggest that UMB protects against cerebral ischemic injury, both in vivo and in vitro, via promoting mitophagy without increasing the autophagic flux. UMB might serve as a potential leading compound for selectively activating mitophagy and the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Lab of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Liu X, Xiao X, Han X, Yao L, Lan W. A New Therapeutic Trend: Natural Medicine for Ameliorating Ischemic Stroke via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227963. [PMID: 36432062 PMCID: PMC9694461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden arterial occlusion, which is characterized by a high morbidity, mortality, and disability rate. It is one of the most important causes of nervous system morbidity and mortality in the world. In recent years, the search for new medicine for the treatment of IS has become an attractive research focus. Due to the extremely limited time window of traditional medicine treatment, some side effects may occur, and accompanied by the occurrence of adverse reactions, the frequency of exploration with natural medicine is significantly increased. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway is a classical pathway for cell metabolism, growth, apoptosis, and other physiological activities. There is considerable research on medicine that treats various diseases through this pathway. This review focuses on how natural medicines (including herbs and insects) regulate important pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the role it plays in improving IS. We found that many kinds of herbal medicine and insect medicine can alleviate the damage caused by IS through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the prescription after their combination can also achieve certain results. Therefore, this review provides a new candidate category for medicine development in the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Correspondence:
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Kwon Y, Haam CE, Byeon S, Choi SK, Lee YH. Effects of 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, on the elevated blood pressure and arterial dysfunction of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113588. [PMID: 35994821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that disassembles cytoplasmic components through autophagosomes fused with lysosomes. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. However, the involvement of autophagy in hypertension is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that excessive autophagy contributes to the dysfunction of mesenteric arteries in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mice. Treatment of an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), reduced the elevated blood pressure and wall thickness, and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries of Ang II-treated mice. The expression levels of autophagy markers, beclin1 and LC3 II, were significantly increased by Ang II infusion, which was reduced by treatment of 3-MA. Furthermore, treatment of 3-MA induced vasodilation in the mesenteric resistance arteries pre-contracted with U46619 or phenylephrine, which was dependent on endothelium. Interestingly, nitric oxide production and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) at S1177 in the mesenteric arteries of Ang II-treated mice were increased by treatment with 3-MA. In HUVECs, p-eNOS was reduced by Ang II, which was increased by treatment of 3-MA. 3-MA had direct vasodilatory effect on the pre-contracted mesenteric arteries. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), Ang II induced increase in beclin1 and LC3 II and decrease in p62, which was reversed by treatment of 3-MA. These results suggest that autophagy inhibition exerts beneficial effects on the dysfunction of mesenteric arteries in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngin Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea
| | - Chae Eun Haam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea
| | - Seonhee Byeon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea.
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11
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Cell Death Mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3525-3542. [PMID: 35976487 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people worldwide. Inevitably, the interruption of cerebral blood supply after ischemia may promote a cascade of pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the subsequent restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation may further aggravate brain tissue injury. Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only approved therapy for restoring blood perfusion, the reperfusion injury and the narrow therapeutic time window restrict its application for most stroke patients. Increasing evidence indicates that multiple cell death mechanisms are relevant to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and so on. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend various cell death mechanisms and their interactions. In this review, we summarize the various signaling pathways underlying cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and elaborate on the crosstalk between the different mechanisms.
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12
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Naseh M, Bayat M, Akbari S, Vatanparast J, Shabani M, Haghighi AB, Haghani M. Neuroprotective effects of sodium valproate on hippocampal cell and volume, and cognitive function in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113806. [PMID: 35417732 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA) as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has shown neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluated whether VPA treatment ameliorated the synaptic plasticity dysfunction, hippocampal neuronal loss, and spatial memory deficits induced by cerebral ischemia in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups control, sham, cerebral ischemia+vehicle (MCAO+V), and MCAO+VPA. The right common carotid artery was occluded for 1 hour. VPA (300 mg/kg) or vehicles were injected intraperitoneally on days 0,1,2 and 3 of the reperfusion. After 7 days of reperfusion the Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and open field tests were performed. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the CA1 area was recorded by field potential recording. We used the term neuronal Input-Output (I/O) function and paired-pulse ratio (PPR) to refer to basal synaptic transmission and presynaptic neurotransmitter release probability respectively. After that, the brains were removed for assaying stereological parameters of the CA1 neurons. Our results showed the VPA administration significantly reduced the total infarct volume, improved MCAO-induced spatial learning -memory, fear memory, and anxiety compared to the MCAO+V group. In addition, the field potential recording showed that VPA significantly ameliorated the impaired the long- term potentiation (LTP) induced by MCAO, without any effects on basal synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter release probability. Therefore, it seems that a decrease in total infarct volume and induction of long-term potentiation via postsynaptic mechanisms is responsible for improving MCAO-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naseh
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Vatanparast
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Alzheimer's Disease Connected Genes in the Post-Ischemic Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061059. [PMID: 35741821 PMCID: PMC9222545 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is considered that brain ischemia can be causative connected to Alzheimer’s disease. In the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and temporal cortex, genes related to Alzheimer’s disease, such as the amyloid protein precursor (APP), β-secretase (BACE1), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and 2 (PSEN2), are deregulated by ischemia. The pattern of change in the CA1 area of the hippocampus covers all genes tested, and the changes occur at all post-ischemic times. In contrast, the pattern of gene changes in the CA3 subfield is much less intense, does not occur at all post-ischemic times, and is delayed in time post-ischemia relative to the CA1 field. Conversely, the pattern of gene alterations in the temporal cortex appears immediately after ischemia, and does not occur at all post-ischemic times and does not affect all genes. Evidence therefore suggests that various forms of dysregulation of the APP, BACE1 and PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes are associated with individual neuronal cell responses in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus and temporal cortex with reversible cerebral ischemia. Scientific data indicate that an ischemic episode of the brain is a trigger of amyloidogenic processes. From the information provided, it appears that post-ischemic brain injury additionally activates neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex in an amyloid-dependent manner.
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14
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Villa-González M, Martín-López G, Pérez-Álvarez MJ. Dysregulation of mTOR Signaling after Brain Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052814. [PMID: 35269956 PMCID: PMC8911477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide recent data on the role of mTOR kinase in the brain under physiological conditions and after damage, with a particular focus on cerebral ischemia. We cover the upstream and downstream pathways that regulate the activation state of mTOR complexes. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of mTORC1 and mTORC2 status in ischemia–hypoxia at tissue and cellular levels and analyze the existing evidence related to two types of neural cells, namely glia and neurons. Finally, we discuss the potential use of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as therapeutic targets after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villa-González
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (G.M.-L.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Martín-López
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (G.M.-L.)
| | - María José Pérez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (G.M.-L.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-497-2819
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15
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Heidarzadegan AR, Zarifkar A, Sotoudeh N, Namavar MR, Zarifkar AH. Different paradigms of transcranial electrical stimulation improve motor function impairment and striatum tissue injuries in the collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat model. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:6. [PMID: 35093027 PMCID: PMC8801075 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the horizon of therapeutic restrictions in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), recently, non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has achieved considerable prosperities. Translational studies have postulated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the other types of tES remain potentially a novel therapeutic option to reverse or stabilize cognitive and motor impairments.
Objective
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of the four main paradigms of tES, including tDCS, transcranial alternating (tACS), pulsed (tPCS), and random noise (tRNS) stimulations on collagenase-induced sensorimotor impairments and striatum tissue damage in male rats.
Methods
To induce ICH, 0.5 μl of collagenase was injected into the right striatum of male Sprague Dawley rats. One day after surgery, tES, was applied to the animals for seven consecutive days. Motor functions were appraised by neurological deficit score, rotarod, and wire hanging tests on the day before surgery and postoperative days 3, 7, and 14. After behavioral tests, brain tissue was prepared appropriately to perform the stereological evaluations.
Results
The results indicated that the application of the four tES paradigms (tDCS, tACS, tRNS, and tPCS) significantly reversed motor disorders in collagenase-induced ICH groups. Further, the motor function improvement of tACS and tRNS receiving rats in wire-hanging and rotarod tests were higher than the other two tES receiving groups. Structural changes and stereological assessments also confirmed the results of behavioral functions.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that in addition to tDCS application in the treatment of ICH, other tES paradigms, especially tACS and tRNS may be considered as add-on therapeutic strategies in stroke.
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16
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Kalra P, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Mechanistic Insight on Autophagy Modulated Molecular Pathways in Cerebral Ischemic Injury: From Preclinical to Clinical Perspective. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:825-843. [PMID: 34993703 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the most devastating brain injuries and a primary cause of acquired and persistent disability worldwide. Despite ongoing therapeutic interventions at both the experimental and clinical levels, options for stroke-related brain injury are still limited. Several evidence suggests that autophagy is triggered in response to cerebral ischemia, therefore targeting autophagy-related signaling pathways can provide a new direction for the therapeutic implications in the ischemic injury. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway that degrades and recycles damaged or non-essential cellular components to maintain neuronal homeostasis. But, whether autophagy activation promotes cell survival against ischemic injury or, on the contrary, causes neuronal death is still under debate. We performed an extensive literature search from PubMed, Bentham and Elsevier for various aspects related to molecular mechanisms and pathobiology involved in autophagy and several pre-clinical studies justifiable further in the clinical trials. Autophagy modulates various downstream molecular cascades, i.e., mTOR, NF-κB, HIF-1, PPAR-γ, MAPK, UPR, and ROS pathways in cerebral ischemic injury. In this review, the various approaches and their implementation in the translational research in ischemic injury into practices has been covered. It will assist researchers in finding a way to cross the unbridgeable chasm between the pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Kalra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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17
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Ryan F, Khoshnam SE, Khodagholi F, Ashabi G, Ahmadiani A. How cytosolic compartments play safeguard functions against neuroinflammation and cell death in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1445-1467. [PMID: 34173922 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and disability globally. Neuronal damage following ischemic stroke is rapid and irreversible, and eventually results in neuronal death. In addition to activation of cell death signaling, neuroinflammation is also considered as another pathogenesis that can occur within hours after cerebral ischemia. Under physiological conditions, subcellular organelles play a substantial role in neuronal functionality and viability. However, their functions can be remarkably perturbed under neurological disorders, particularly cerebral ischemia. Therefore, their biochemical and structural response has a determining role in the sequel of neuronal cells and the progression of disease. However, their effects on cell death and neuroinflammation, as major underlying mechanisms of ischemic stroke, are still not understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of each organelle on these pathological processes after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Centre, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Xu Y, Zhou Y, Yu D, Hu W, Wu X, Wang J, Huang S, Zhao S, Fan X, Chu Z, Ma L. The Autophagy Signaling Pathway in Necroptosis-Dependent Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Patrizz AN, Moruno-Manchon JF, O’Keefe LM, Doran SJ, Patel AR, Venna VR, Tsvetkov AS, Li J, McCullough LD. Sex-Specific Differences in Autophagic Responses to Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071825. [PMID: 34359998 PMCID: PMC8304137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a series of complex pathophysiological processes including autophagy. Differential activation of autophagy occurs in neurons derived from males versus females after stressors such as nutrient deprivation. Whether autophagy displays sexual dimorphism after ischemic stroke is unknown. We used a cerebral ischemia mouse model (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) to evaluate the effects of inhibiting autophagy in ischemic brain pathology. We observed that inhibiting autophagy reduced infarct volume in males and ovariectomized females. However, autophagy inhibition enhanced infarct size in females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen compared to control mice. We also observed that males had increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 and decreased levels of pULK1 and p62 at 24 h, while females had decreased levels of Beclin1 and increased levels of ATG7. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy markers were increased under basal conditions and after oxygen and glucose deprivation in male neurons compared with female neurons in vitro. E2 supplementation significantly inhibited autophagy only in male neurons, and was beneficial for cell survival only in female neurons. This study shows that autophagy in the ischemic brain differs between the sexes, and that autophagy regulators have different effects in a sex-dependent manner in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lena M. O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sarah J. Doran
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anita R. Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Venugopal R. Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Natural compounds modulate the autophagy with potential implication of stroke. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1708-1720. [PMID: 34386317 PMCID: PMC8343111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is considered a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability, which puts a huge burden on individuals and the community. To date, effective therapy for stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Autophagy refers to an intracellular degrading process with the involvement of lysosomes. Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis and survival of cells by eliminating damaged or non-essential cellular constituents. Increasing evidence support that autophagy protects neuronal cells from ischemic injury. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy activation induces cell death and aggravates ischemic brain injury. Diverse naturally derived compounds have been found to modulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against stroke. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances in naturally derived compounds that regulate autophagy and discussed their potential application in stroke treatment.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AMPK, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATG, autophagy related genes
- Autophagy
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BNIP3L, BCL2/adenovirus
- COPII, coat protein complex II
- Cerebral ischemia
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HD, Huntington's disease
- IPC, ischemic preconditioning
- IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- Lysosomal activation
- Mitochondria
- Mitophagy
- Natural compounds
- Neurological disorders
- Neuroprotection
- OGD/R, oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PERK, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- ULK, Unc-51- like kinase
- Uro-A, urolithin A
- eIF2a, eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Morin A, Poitras M, Plamondon H. Global cerebral ischemia in adolescent male Long Evans rats: Effects of vanillic acid supplementation on stress response, emotionality, and visuospatial memory. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113403. [PMID: 34090940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The developmental period is critical in delineating plastic response to internal and external events. However, neurobehavioural effects of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in the maturing brain remain largely unknown. This study characterised the effects of GCI experienced at puberty on adulthood (1) hippocampus CA1 neuronal damage, (2) cognitive and emotional impairments, and (3) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Effects of adolescent exposure to the phenol vanillic acid (VA) on post-ischemic outcomes were also determined. Male Long Evans rats (n = 35) were supplemented for 21 consecutive days (postnatal days 33-53) with VA (91 mg/kg) or nut paste vehicle (control) prior to a 10-min GCI or sham surgery. As adults, rats were tested in the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM), and Barnes Maze (BM). GR expression was determined in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), CA1, and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and brain injury assessed via CA1 neuronal density. Adolescent GCI exposure induced extensive hippocampal CA1 injury, which was not prevented by VA supplementation. Behaviourally, GCI increased EPM exploration while having no impact on spatial memory. VA intake increased OFT peripheral exploration. Notably, while no delayed changes in CA1 and PVN GR immunoreactivity were noted, both treatments separately increased BLA GR expression when compared with sham-nut paste rats. Age at GCI occurrence plays a critical role on post-ischemic impairments. The observation of minimal functional impairments despite important CA1 neuronal damage supports use of compensatory mechanisms. Our findings also show daily VA supplementation during adolescence to have no protective effects on post-ischemic outcomes, contrasting adult intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morin
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Marilou Poitras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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22
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Xiang Z, Jiang X, Ji R, Yuan H. Enhanced expression of P2X4 purinoceptors in pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampal CA1 region may be involved ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:425-438. [PMID: 33966147 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most serious disease that harms human beings. In principle, its treatment is to restore blood flow supply as soon as possible. However, after the blood flow is restored, it will lead to secondary brain injury, that is, ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury is very complicated. This study showed that P2X4 receptors in the pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus were significantly upregulated in the early stage of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neurons with high expression of P2X4 receptors are neurons that are undergoing apoptosis. Intraventricular injection of the P2X4 receptor antagonist 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD) and PSB-12062 can partially block neuronal apoptosis, to promote the survival of neurons, indicating that ATP through P2X4 receptors is involved in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, identifying the mechanism of neuronal degeneration induced by extracellular ATP via P2X4 receptors after ischemia-reperfusion will likely find new targets for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and will provide a useful theoretical basis for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Rihui Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
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23
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Liu Y, Che X, Zhang H, Fu X, Yao Y, Luo J, Yang Y, Cai R, Yu X, Yang J, Zhou MS. CAPN1 (Calpain1)-Mediated Impairment of Autophagic Flux Contributes to Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Damage. Stroke 2021; 52:1809-1821. [PMID: 33874744 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Xiaohang Che
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Ruiping Cai
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
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MiR-127-3p targeting CISD1 regulates autophagy in hypoxic-ischemic cortex. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:279. [PMID: 33723216 PMCID: PMC7961148 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury derived from asphyxia during perinatal period, is a serious complication of neonatal asphyxia and the main cause of neonatal acute death and chronic neurological injury. Aberrant autophagy occurs in many nervous system diseases, but its role and underlying mechanism in HI injury is largely unknown. Here, we successfully constructed a newborn rat model of HI brain injury, and the knockout-miR-127-3p (KO-miR-127-3p) rats were structured by using CRISPR/Cas9. Subsequently, the in vitro functional experiments, in vivo zea-longa scores, as well as bioinformatics analyses and biological experiments were applied. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, including ATG12, P62, Beclin-1, LC3II in HI cortex with miR-127-3p knockout was significantly decreased, and autophagic vacuoles were disappeared. Moreover, miR-127-3p has a specific regulatory effect on CISD1 expression, another crucial molecule in autophagy process. Accordingly, the overexpression of CISD1 effectively inhibited the autophagic cell death and physiological dysfunction in the brain of HI injury, whereas si-CISD1 reversed the neuroprotective effects of KO-miR-127-3p. Our findings explained the underlying mechanism for HI injury, and miR-127-3p targeting CISD1 signal could be supposed as a new treatment strategy to prevent and treat HI injury.
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25
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Wang X, Fang Y, Huang Q, Xu P, Lenahan C, Lu J, Zheng J, Dong X, Shao A, Zhang J. An updated review of autophagy in ischemic stroke: From mechanisms to therapies. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113684. [PMID: 33676918 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is important for developing effective therapies for treating stroke. Autophagy is a self-eating cellular catabolic pathway, which plays a crucial homeostatic role in the regulation of cell survival. Increasing evidence shows that autophagy, observed in various cell types, plays a critical role in brain pathology after ischemic stroke. Therefore, the regulation of autophagy can be a potential target for ischemic stroke treatment. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress that research has made regarding autophagy and ischemic stroke, including common signaling pathways, the role of autophagic subtypes (e.g. mitophagy, pexophagy, aggrephagy, endoplasmic reticulum-phagy, and lipophagy) in ischemic stroke, as well as the current methods for autophagy detection and potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Department of Echocardiography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penglei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Zhu W, Zhu J, Zhao S, Li J, Hou D, Zhang Y, Sun H. Xenon Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on Kainic Acid-Induced Acute Generalized Seizures in Rats via Increased Autophagy. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:582872. [PMID: 33132850 PMCID: PMC7573545 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.582872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and is clinically used as a favorable safe inhalation anesthetic. We previously confirmed the neuroprotective effects of xenon treatment in epileptic animals. However, the mechanism underlying these protective effects remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of xenon inhalation on autophagy in neuronal injury induced by acute generalized seizures. Kainic acid (KA) was injected into the lateral ventricle of male Sprague–Dawley rats to induce acute generalized seizures. Next, the rats were treated via inhalation of a 70% xenon/21% oxygen/9% nitrogen mixture for 60 min immediately after KA administration. The control group was treated via inhalation of a 79% nitrogen/21% oxygen mixture. Subsequently, two inhibitors (3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1) or an autophagy inducer (rapamycin) were administered, respectively, before KA and xenon administration to determine the role of autophagy in the protective effects of xenon. The levels of apoptosis, neuronal injury, and autophagy were determined in all the rats. Xenon inhalation significantly attenuated the severity of the seizure-induced neuronal injury. Increased autophagy accompanied this inhibitive effect. Autophagy inhibition eliminated these xenon neuroprotective effects. A simulation of autophagy using rapamycin recapitulated xenon’s protective effects on KA-induced acute generalized seizures in the rats. These findings confirmed that xenon exerts strong neuroprotective effects in KA-induced acute generalized seizures. Further, they indicate that increased autophagy may underlie the protective effects of xenon. Therefore, xenon and autophagy inducers may be useful clinical options for their neuroprotective effects in epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Jieqing Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dianjun Hou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Mehta K, Kaur B, Pandey KK, Kaler S, Dhar P. Curcumin supplementation shows modulatory influence on functional and morphological features of hippocampus in mice subjected to arsenic trioxide exposure. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:355-365. [PMID: 32929054 PMCID: PMC7527119 DOI: 10.5115/acb.18.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since, oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced toxicity, the present study focused on the role of antioxidant (curcumin) supplementation on behavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations with context to mice hippocampus (CA1) following arsenic trioxide (As2O3) administration. Healthy male Swiss albino mice were divided into control and experimental groups. As2O3 (2 mg/kg bw) alone or along with curcumin (100 mg/kg bw) was administered to experimental groups by oral route for 45 days whereas the control groups received either no treatment or vehicle for curcumin. Animals were subjected to behavioral study towards the end of the experimental period (day 33-45). On day 46, the brain samples were obtained and subjected either to immersion fixation (for morphometric observations) or used afresh for biochemical test. Behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze) revealed enhanced anxiety levels and impairment of cognitive functions in As2O3 alone treated groups whereas a trend of recovery was evident in mice simultaneously treated with As2O3 and curcumin. Morphological observations showed noticeable reduction in stratum pyramidale thickness (CA1), along with decrease in density and size of pyramidal neurons in As2O3 alone exposed group as compared to As2O3+Cu co-treated group. Hippocampal glutathione levels were found to be downregulated in animals receiving As2O3 as against the levels of controls and curcumin supplemented animals, thereby, suggestive of beneficial role of curcumin on As2O3 induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Mehta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kaler
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushpa Dhar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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28
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Xiao Y, Fan M, Jin W, Li WA, Jia Y, Dong Y, Jiang X, Xu J, Meng N, Lv P. Lithium chloride ameliorated spatial cognitive impairment through activating mTOR phosphorylation and inhibiting excessive autophagy in the repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32989388 PMCID: PMC7517419 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been previously demonstrated to alleviate cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injuries; however, the specific mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, the C57BL/6 mouse model of spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established. Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the levels of spatial cognitive impairment. Nissl staining was used to observe any morphological alterations, whilst western blotting was performed to measure the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin1 in addition to mTOR phosphorylation. LiCl was found to significantly improve spatial learning and memory impairments according to data from the Morris water maze test. Nissl staining indicated that LiCl inhibited neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Additionally, LiCl increased mTOR phosphorylation, reduced beclin1 expression and reduced the LC3 II/I expression ratio. Taken together, these findings suggest that LiCl may alleviate the spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. This observation may be attributed to the inhibition of excessive autophagy by LiCl through mTOR signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - William A Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yanqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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29
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Hu W, Wu X, Yu D, Zhao L, Zhu X, Li X, Huang T, Chu Z, Xu Y. Regulation of JNK signaling pathway and RIPK3/AIF in necroptosis-mediated global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113374. [PMID: 32502579 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) regulates a newly discovered cell death form called necroptosis. RIPK3 nuclear translocation and inflammatory factor release are involved in necroptosis after rat global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interactions between the RIPK3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) necroptosis pathway and the JNK-mediated inflammatory pathway. Rats were subjected to 4-vessel occlusion and reperfusion injury. RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872, RIPk3 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 were intracerebroventricular injected before I/R. Hippocampus CA1 tissue were obtained and RIPK3, AIF, p-JNK, IL-6 were determined by western blot analysis. The RIPK3 and AIF interaction were also analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. The expression of endogenous RIPK3, AIF, p-JNK and IL-6 was increased in hippocampus CA1 in I/R group. In addition, RIPK3 was increased in both the total protein and nuclear protein. GSK872 administration reduced the number of neuron deaths and the expression of RIPK3, p-JNK and IL-6. GSK872 also improve the rat neurobehavior. While use RIPk3 rAAV treatment to overexpress RIPK3, it appeared lower neuron survival. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that RIPK3 and AIF formed as a novel complex in the cytoplasm first, and then nuclear translocation. GSK872 pretreatment decreased the number of RIPK3-positive cells and related to the generation of RIPK3-AIF complex in nuclear. Moreover, the production of inflammatory factors levels was found to be significantly elevated after I/R. We further use SP600125 to attenuate inflammation cascade. It not only inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors p-JNK and IL-6, but also inhibits RIPK3 and AIF in the cytoplasm. Collectively, the results of our study indicate that RIPK3-mediated necroptosis interacts with the JNK-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway to participate in global cerebral I/R injury. JNK-regulated inflammatory mediators may promote the necroptosis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Dijing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhu Eye Hospital, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaohu Chu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China.
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30
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Ma HX, Hou F, Chen AL, Li TT, Zhu YF, Zhao QP. Mu-Xiang-You-Fang protects PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112583. [PMID: 31978519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mu-Xiang-You-Fang (MXYF) is a classic prescription of Hui medicine. It is composed of five herbs and has been used to treat ischemic stroke for many years. However, the potential pharmacological mechanisms of MXYF remain unclear. The present research is aimed to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of MXYF treatment in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model of PC12 cells was established. The effect of MXYF on the cell viability after OGD/R injury was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay. The colorimetric method was used to determine the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate. The calcium concentration was determined by the chemical fluorescence method, and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using flow cytometry. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and electron microscopic analysis were then conducted to detect autophagy after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion in PC12 cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of proteins associated with autophagy. RESULTS It was found that MXYF (1, 2, 4 μg/mL) could significantly increase cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and decrease the calcium concentration and LDH release rate in PC12 cells. After OGD/R injury in PC12 cells, the number of autophagosomes and autophagolysosome significantly increased. MXYF (4 μg/mL) inhibited the autophagy induced by OGD/R and inhibited the expression of LC3, beclin1, p-AMPK, and ULK1. In contrast, the expression of p-mTOR, p-p70s6k, and p62 was significantly enhanced. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MXYF inhibits autophagy after OGD/R-induced PC12 cell injury through the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Thus, MXYF might have therapeutic potential in treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Fan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ai-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Qi-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
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31
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Xu SY, Lv HQ, Li WQ, Hong H, Peng YJ, Zhu BM. Electroacupuncture Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation-Mediated Autophagy. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:576539. [PMID: 33391046 PMCID: PMC7775364 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.576539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in ischemic stroke has been highlighted recently; however, the specific mechanism is still elusive. Autophagy is considered a new target for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but whether it plays a role of protecting or causing rapid cell apoptosis remains unclear. Studies have reported that the reduction in lysine 16 of histone H4 acetylation coheres with autophagy induction. The primary purpose of the study was to explore whether EA could alleviate I/R via autophagy-mediated histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Methods: One hundred and twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control group, MCAO group, MCAO+EA group, MCAO+EA+hMOF siRNA group, and MCAO+EA+Sirt1 inhibitor group. EA was applied to "Baihui" (Du20) and "Renzhong" (Du26) at 5 min after modeling and 16 h after the first EA intervention. The structure and molecular markers of the rat brain were evaluated. Results: EA significantly alleviated I/R injury by upregulating the expressions of Sirt1, Beclin1, and LC3-II and downregulating the expressions of hMOF and H4K16ac. In contrast, the Sirt1 inhibitor lowered the increase in Sirt1, Beclin1, and LC3-II and enhanced the level of hMOF and H4K16ac expressions associated with EA treatment. Besides, ChIP assay revealed that the binding of H4K16ac in the Beclin1 promoter region of the autophagy target gene was significantly raised in the MCAO+EA group and MCAO+EA+hMOF siRNA group. Conclusions: EA treatment inhibited the H4K16ac process, facilitated autophagy, and alleviated I/R injury. These findings suggested that regulating histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation-mediated autophagy may be a key mechanism of EA at Du20 and Du26 to treat I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Xu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - He-Qun Lv
- Department of Acupuncture and Encephalopathy, Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Wen-Qian Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Jun Peng
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Mei Zhu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Ginkgetin attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced autophagy and cell death via modulation of the NF-κB/p53 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191452. [PMID: 31420372 PMCID: PMC6732367 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is the key to fatality in cerebrovascular accident, hence further endeavor is warranted to delineate the mechanism underlying its lethal aggravation procedure. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-autophagy and anti-apoptosis effects of ginkgetin via nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p53 pathway in cerebral I/R rats. Methods: Rats were administrated 2-h occlusion of right middle cerebral artery before the 24-h reperfusion followed. There were three doses of ginkgetin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally (i.p.) after the 2-h ischemia, and Pifithrin-α (PFT-α, p53 inhibitor), SN50 (NF-κB inhibitor) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA, autophagy inhibitor) was administered 20 min before the ischemia, respectively. Results: The neurological deficits decreased significantly with the administration of ginkgetin. The concentrations of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and p53 were significantly decreased by PFT-α, 3-MA and ginkgetin. The concentrations of Beclin 1, damage-regulated autophagy modulator, cathepsin B and cathepsin D were significantly decreased due to the administration of PFT-α, ginkgetin and SN50. Furthermore, the concentrations of Bax and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis were significantly decreased with that of Bcl-2 being significantly increased by administration of SN50, PFT-α and ginkgetin. Conclusion: Ginkgetin can alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/p53 signaling pathway.
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Lee RHC, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Lerner FM, Chen PY, Azizbayeva R, Citadin CT, Wu CYC, Neumann JT, Lin HW. Palmitic acid methyl ester is a novel neuroprotective agent against cardiac arrest. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 147:6-14. [PMID: 30514597 PMCID: PMC6533160 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously discovered that palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) is a potent vasodilator first identified and released from the superior cervical ganglion and remain understudied. Thus, we investigated PAME's role in modulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuroprotection after 6 min of cardiac arrest (model of global cerebral ischemia). Our results suggest that PAME can enhance CBF under normal physiological conditions, while administration of PAME (0.02 mg/kg) immediately after cardiopulmonary resuscitation can also enhance CBF in vivo. Additionally, functional learning and spatial memory assessments (via T-maze) 3 days after asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) suggest that PAME-treated rats have improved learning and memory recovery versus ACA alone. Furthermore, improved neuronal survival in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed in PAME-treated, ACA-induced rats. Altogether, our findings suggest that PAME can enhance CBF, alleviate neuronal cell death, and promote functional outcomes in the presence of ACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - HarLee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Francesca M Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Po-Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rinata Azizbayeva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Font‐Belmonte E, Ugidos IF, Santos‐Galdiano M, González‐Rodríguez P, Anuncibay‐Soto B, Pérez‐Rodríguez D, Gonzalo‐Orden JM, Fernández‐López A. Post‐ischemic salubrinal administration reduces necroptosis in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2019; 151:777-794. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene F. Ugidos
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina University of León León Spain
| | | | | | - Berta Anuncibay‐Soto
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina University of León León Spain
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Thiebaut AM, Hedou E, Marciniak SJ, Vivien D, Roussel BD. Proteostasis During Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:637. [PMID: 31275110 PMCID: PMC6594416 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a complex pathology involving a cascade of cellular mechanisms, which deregulate proteostasis and lead to neuronal death. Proteostasis refers to the equilibrium between protein synthesis, folding, transport, and protein degradation. Within the brain proteostasis plays key roles in learning and memory by controlling protein synthesis and degradation. Two important pathways are implicated in the regulation of proteostasis: the unfolded protein response (UPR) and macroautophagy (called hereafter autophagy). Both are necessary for cell survival, however, their over-activation in duration or intensity can lead to cell death. Moreover, UPR and autophagy can activate and potentiate each other to worsen the issue of cerebral ischemia. A better understanding of autophagy and ER stress will allow the development of therapeutic strategies for stroke, both at the acute phase and during recovery. This review summarizes the latest therapeutic advances implicating ER stress or autophagy in cerebral ischemia. We argue that the processes governing proteostasis should be considered together in stroke, rather than focusing either on ER stress or autophagy in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Thiebaut
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Hedou
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Benoit D Roussel
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
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Guo X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Fan R, Bai Y, Guo X, Li J, Chen C. Role of the PI3K‑mTOR autophagy pathway in nerve damage in rats with intermittent hypoxia‑aggravated whole brain ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1411-1417. [PMID: 31173224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3‑K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin‑1 between the hippocampi of normal rats and intermittent ischemic rats following whole brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and investigate the role of the PI3K‑mTOR autophagy pathway in rat nerve damage following intermittent hypoxia (IH)‑aggravated whole brain ischemia. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were divided by random number table into a sham operation group (SO group; 20 rats), pure cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group; 20 rats), intermittent hypoxia for 7 days‑I/R group (IH7+I/R group; 20 rats) and intermittent hypoxia for 21 days‑IR group (IH21+I/R group; 20 rats). Prior to model establishment, the rats in the IH7+I/R group and IH21+I/R group underwent intermittent hypoxia for 7 and 21 days, respectively. The optimized Pulsinelli 4‑vessel occlusion method was used to prepare the I/R model. H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of PI3‑K, mTOR and Beclin‑1 in the hippocampal brain tissues of the rats. A Morris water maze test was used to assess rat learning and memory. The results showed that, compared with the SO group, the rats in the I/R group exhibited structural damage in neurons (shown by H&E staining), a reduced number of viable nerve cells, and decreased learning and memory ability at each time point. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis showed that the numbers of PI3‑K, mTOR and Beclin‑1 immunopositive cells were increased (P<0.05). The RT‑qPCR analysis showed increased expression levels of PI3‑K, mTOR and Beclin‑1 (P<0.05). Compared with the I/R group, the rats in the IH‑I/R groups exhibited aggravated structural damage in neurons, shown by H&E staining and electron microscopy. The number of viable nerve cells was decreased, and the rats exhibited decreased learning ability and memory. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the numbers of PI3‑K, mTOR and Beclin‑1 immunopositive cells were increased (P<0.05). The RT‑qPCR analysis showed increased expression levels of PI3‑K, mTOR and Beclin‑1 (P<0.05). The above changes were more marked in the IH21+I/R group (P<0.05). Taken together, IH was shown to aggravate nerve damage following whole brain I/R. The underlying mechanism was associated with activation of the PI3K‑mTOR‑autophagy pathway and increased loss of nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yali Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfei Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Changxiang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Zhang DM, Zhang T, Wang MM, Wang XX, Qin YY, Wu J, Han R, Sheng R, Wang Y, Chen Z, Han F, Ding Y, Li M, Qin ZH. TIGAR alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced autophagy and ischemic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:13-23. [PMID: 30978385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to play protective and pathogenetic roles in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced neuronal injury. Our previous studies have shown that TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) ameliorates I/R-induced brain injury and reduces anti-cancer drug-induced autophagy activation. However, if TIGAR plays a regulatory role on autophagy in cerebral I/R injury is still unclear. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of TIGAR on I/R-induced autophagy activation and ischemic neuronal injury in vivo and in vitro stroke models using TIGAR-transgenic (tg-TIGAR) mice and TIGAR-knockout (ko-TIGAR) mice. The present study confirmed that autophagy was activated after I/R. Overexpression of TIGAR in tg-TIGAR mice significantly reduced I/R-induced autophagy activation and alleviated brain damage, while knockout of TIGAR in ko-TIGAR mice enhanced I/R-induced autophagy activation and exacerbated brain injury in vivo and in vitro. The different activity of autophagy in tg-TIGAR and ko-TIGAR primary neurons after OGD/R were largely reversed by knockdown or re-expression of TIGAR in these neurons. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partly prevented exacerbation of brain damage induced by ko-TIGAR, whereas the autophagy inducer rapamycin partially abolished the neuroprotective effect of tg-TIGAR. Knockout of TIGAR reduced the levels of phosphorylated mTOR and S6KP70, which were blocked by 3-MA and NADPH after I/R and OGD/R in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Overexpression of TIGAR increased the levels of phosphorylated mTOR and S6KP70 under OGD/R condition, this enhancement effect was suppressed by rapamycin. In conclusion, our current data suggest that TIGAR protected against neuronal injury partly through inhibiting autophagy by regulating the mTOR-S6KP70 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Institutes of Brain Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Hou K, Xu D, Li F, Chen S, Li Y. The progress of neuronal autophagy in cerebral ischemia stroke: Mechanisms, roles and research methods. J Neurol Sci 2019; 400:72-82. [PMID: 30904689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating that autophagy may be a new target in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Moderate autophagy can clear damaged organelles, thereby protecting cells against various injuries. However, long-term excessive autophagy brings redundant degradation of cell contents, leading to cell death and eventually serious damage to tissues and organs. A number of different animal models of ischemic brain injury shows that autophagy is activated and involved in the regulation of neuronal death during ischemic brain injury. This article summarizes the role of autophagy, its underlying regulators and mechanisms in ischemic neuronal injury. We briefly introduce the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy and give a summary of research methods and modulators of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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You D, You H. Repression of long non-coding RNA MEG3 restores nerve growth and alleviates neurological impairment after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1447-1457. [PMID: 30841460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MEG3 on nerve growth and neurological impairment in a rat model after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established to stimulate an environment of cerebral IRI. The modeled rats were subjected to negative control (NC), MEG3, si-MEG3, classical Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 or classical Wnt pathway activator LiCl to validate the effect of MEG3 on neurological impairment and nerve growth. Neurological deficit scoring, fault-foot test and balance beam test were performed to assess neurological impairment. TTC staining, dry-wet weight method and Evan's blue (EB) staining were employed to determine infarct area, water content of brain tissues and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, respectively. Neuronal apoptosis and necrosis were observed by TUNEL staining and Fluoro-Jade C staining. ELISA was adopted to identify levels of nerve growth factors to identify neurogenesis conditions, including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Nissl staining was used to detect the survival of neurons in brain tissues of rats. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of key proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in brain tissues. RESULTS High expression of MEG3 was identified in rat models of MACAO, the brain tissues of which manifested obvious neurological impairment, increased infarct area, water content, BBB permeability, accelerated neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, increased surviving neurons, upregulated expression of key proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and elevated levels of BDNF, NGF and bFGF. With the treatment of si-MEG3, the MEG3 expression was reduced; whereby, modeled rats showed ameliorated neurological impairment, reduced infarct area, water content, BBB permeability, neuronal apoptosis and necrosis and significantly enhanced neurogenesis. The treatment of MEG3 exhibited an opposite trend. After treatment with DKK1, the effect of si-MEG3 was reversed. After treatment with LiCl, the effect of MEG3 was reversed. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this study, down-regulation of lncRNA MEG3 expression enhanced nerve growth and alleviated neurological impairment of rats after cerebral IRI through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hong You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Hadley G, Beard DJ, Couch Y, Neuhaus AA, Adriaanse BA, DeLuca GC, Sutherland BA, Buchan AM. Rapamycin in ischemic stroke: Old drug, new tricks? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:20-35. [PMID: 30334673 PMCID: PMC6311672 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18807309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The significant morbidity that accompanies stroke makes it one of the world's most devastating neurological disorders. Currently, proven effective therapies have been limited to thrombolysis and thrombectomy. The window for the administration of these therapies is narrow, hampered by the necessity of rapidly imaging patients. A therapy that could extend this window by protecting neurons may improve outcome. Endogenous neuroprotection has been shown to be, in part, due to changes in mTOR signalling pathways and the instigation of productive autophagy. Inducing this effect pharmacologically could improve clinical outcomes. One such therapy already in use in transplant medicine is the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Recent evidence suggests that rapamycin is neuroprotective, not only via neuronal autophagy but also through its broader effects on other cells of the neurovascular unit. This review highlights the potential use of rapamycin as a multimodal therapy, acting on the blood-brain barrier, cerebral blood flow and inflammation, as well as directly on neurons. There is significant potential in applying this old drug in new ways to improve functional outcomes for patients after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Hadley
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Beard
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryan A Adriaanse
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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Liao J, Hao C, Huang W, Shao X, Song Y, Liu L, Ai N, Fan X. Network pharmacology study reveals energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways-mediated cardioprotective effects of Shenqi Fuzheng. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:155-165. [PMID: 30145173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenqi Fuzheng (SQ) is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Radix Codonopsis and Radix Astragali. Although SQ is widely used to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the molecular mechanisms supporting its clinical application remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of current study was to understand its cardioprotective effects at the molecular level using network pharmacology approach. MATERIALS AND METHOD In an I/R injury animal model, the beneficial pharmacological activities of SQ were confirmed by decreased infarct range observed on drug treated rats versus control group. Additionally, several serum biochemical indicators were in concord with this observation. Subsequently, a microarray experiment was performed to reveal the influence on injured heart at the gene expression level by this TCM injection. We then proposed a network analysis algorithm NTRA to discover the key nodes based on both disease network structure and transcriptomics. Using NRIODN, a method developed by our group previously, the holistic changes on the gene network induced by for I/R injury and SQ treatment were evaluated. RESULTS Pathway enrichment analysis of highly ranked genes by NTRA showed that PPAR and apoptosis pathways were highly related to I/R injury. Finally, western blot results showed increased level of the PPARα and BAX protein in the heart after injection treatment which confirmed the hypothesis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that SQ injection exerts protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple pathways, including myocardial energy metabolism improvement, cell adhesion inhibition, inflammatory reaction perturbation, myocardial apoptosis reduction and ventricular remodeling avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Shaoguan 512028, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangang Song
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Shaoguan 512028, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangfeng Liu
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Shaoguan 512028, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Ai
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu Y, Xue X, Zhang H, Che X, Luo J, Wang P, Xu J, Xing Z, Yuan L, Liu Y, Fu X, Su D, Sun S, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Neuronal-targeted TFEB rescues dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviates ischemic injury in permanent cerebral ischemia. Autophagy 2018; 15:493-509. [PMID: 30304977 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1531196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting attention has been focused on defects in macroautophagy/autophagy and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in cerebral ischemia. TFEB (transcription factor EB)-mediated induction of ALP has been recently considered as the common mechanism in ameliorating the pathological lesion of myocardial ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we explored the vital role of TFEB in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO)-mediated dysfunction of ALP and ischemic insult in rats. The results showed that ALP function was first enhanced in the early stage of the ischemic process, especially in neurons of the cortex, and this was accompanied by increased TFEB expression and translocation to the nucleus, which was mediated at least in part through activation by PPP3/calcineurin. At the later stages of ischemia, a gradual decrease in the level of nuclear TFEB was coupled with a progressive decline in lysosomal activity, accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagy substrates, and exacerbation of the ischemic injury. Notably, neuron-specific overexpression of TFEB significantly enhanced ALP function and rescued the ischemic damage, starting as early as 6 h and even lasting to 48 h after ischemia. Furthermore, neuron-specific knockdown of TFEB markedly reversed the activation of ALP and further aggravated the neurological deficits and ischemic outcome at the early stage of pMCAO. These results highlight neuronal-targeted TFEB as one of the key players in the pMCAO-mediated dysfunction of ALP and ischemic injury, and identify TFEB as a promising target for therapies aimed at neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Abbreviations: AAV, adeno-associated virus; AIF1/IBA1, allograft inflammatory factor 1; ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway; CQ, chloroquine; CTSB, cathepsin B; CTSD, cathepsin D; CsA, cyclosporin A; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP2, microtubule-associated protein 2; mNSS, modified Neurological Severity Score; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OGD, oxygen and glucose deprivation; pMCAO, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; RBFOX3/NeuN, RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3; SQSTM1, sequestosome1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xue Xue
- b State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiaohang Che
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jing Luo
- c Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Ping Wang
- c Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiaoyan Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zheng Xing
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Dongmei Su
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Shibo Sun
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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Sun Y, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Li J, Jin L, Sun Y, Shi N, Liu K, Sun X. Ischemic Postconditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Activating Autophagy During Early Reperfusion in Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1826-1840. [PMID: 30046966 PMCID: PMC6096887 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether ischemic postconditioning (IpostC) alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury involved in autophagy. Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham (sham surgery), I/R (middle cerebral artery occlusion [MCAO] for 100 min, then reperfusion), IpostC (MCAO for 100 min, reperfusion for 10 min, MCAO for 10 min, then reperfusion), IpostC+3MA (3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, administered 30 min before first reperfusion), and IpostC+Veh (vehicle control for IpostC+3MA group). Infarct volume was measured using cresyl violet staining. Autophagy-related proteins were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Autophagosomes, autophagolysosomes, and mitochondrial damage were identified by transmission electron microscopy. Cortical cell apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. Neurologic function was assessed using the modified Neurologic Severity Score. IpostC improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume after I/R (P < 0.05). These effects of IpostC were inhibited by 3MA (P < 0.05). Autophagosome formation was increased in the I/R and IpostC+Veh groups (P < 0.05), but not in the IpostC+3MA group. The I/R group showed enhanced LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, p62, and Cathepsin B levels and decreased LAMP-2 level (all P < 0.05 vs. sham), indicating dysfunction of autophagic clearance. IpostC reduced p62 and Cathepsin B levels and increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (all P < 0.05); these effects of IpostC were reversed by 3MA, suggesting IpostC enhanced autophagic flux. Furthermore, IpostC attenuated I/R-induced mitochondrial translocation of Bax and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release (all P < 0.05); 3MA inhibited these effects of IpostC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IpostC may alleviate cerebral I/R injury by activating autophagy during early reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojiang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Ryan F, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Minai-Tehrani D, Ahmadiani A. Temporal Pattern and Crosstalk of Necroptosis Markers with Autophagy and Apoptosis Associated Proteins in Ischemic Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:79-92. [PMID: 29313217 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, has been recently implicated as a possible mechanism for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We herein studied time-dependent changes of necroptosis markers along with apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins in rat hippocampus at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after global cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, to determine the cross talk between autophagy and necroptosis, we examined the effects of pretreatment with bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1), as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, on necroptosis. Highest levels of receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), as key mediators of necroptosis, were observed at 24 h after reperfusion. Alongside, activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1), downstream enzyme of RIP3, was increased. Peak time of necroptosis was subsequent to caspase-3-dependent cell death that peaked at 12 h of reperfusion but concurrent with autophagy. Administration of Baf-A1 could attenuate necroptosis, verified by decrease in RIP1 and RIP3 protein levels, as well as GLUD1 activity. However, there was no significant change in caspase-3-dependent cell death. Taken together, our results highlight that global cerebral I/R activates necroptosis that could be triggered by autophagy and interacts reversely with caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Minai-Tehrani
- Bioresearch Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tian F, Yuan C, Yue H. MiR-138/SIRT1 axis is implicated in impaired learning and memory abilities of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured rats. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:232-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in Q-VD-OPH Induced Necroptosis Following Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1200-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zuo X, Hou Q, Jin J, Chen X, Zhan L, Tang Y, Shi Z, Sun W, Xu E. Inhibition of Cathepsins B Induces Neuroprotection Against Secondary Degeneration in Ipsilateral Substantia Nigra After Focal Cortical Infarction in Adult Male Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:125. [PMID: 29867438 PMCID: PMC5954112 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the world. In general, recovery from stroke is incomplete. Accumulating evidences have shown that focal cerebral infarction leads to dynamic trans-neuronal degeneration in non-ischemic remote brain regions, with the disruption of connections to synapsed neurons sustaining ischemic insults. Previously, we had reported that the ipsilateral striatum, thalamus degenerated in succession after permanent distal branch of middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and cathepsin (Cath) B was activated before these relay degeneration. Here, we investigate the role of CathB in the secondary degeneration of ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN) after focal cortical infarction. We further examined whether the inhibition of CathB with L-3-trans-(Propyl-carbamoyloxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-isoleucyl-L-proline methyl ester (CA-074Me) would attenuate secondary degeneration through enhancing the cortico-striatum-nigral connections and contribute to the neuroprotective effects. Our results demonstrated that secondary degeneration in the ipsilateral SN occurred and CathB was upregulated in the ipsilateral SN after focal cortical infarction. The inhibition of CathB with CA-074Me reduced the neuronal loss and gliosis in the ipsilateral SN. Using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) or pseudorabies virus (PRV) 152 as anterograde or retrograde tracer to trace striatum-nigral and cortico-nigral projections pathway, CA-074Me can effectively enhance the cortico-striatum-nigral connections and exert neuroprotection against secondary degeneration in the ipsilateral SN after cortical ischemia. Our study suggests that the lysosomal protease CathB mediates the secondary damage in the ipsilateral SN after dMCAO, thus it can be a promising neuroprotective target for the rehabilitation of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Zuo
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jizi Jin
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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Wang P, Shao BZ, Deng Z, Chen S, Yue Z, Miao CY. Autophagy in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:98-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Liu F, Sun X, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Curative effects of GM1 in the treatment of severe ischemic brain injury and its effects on serum TNF-α and NDS. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4851-4855. [PMID: 29805504 PMCID: PMC5952089 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The curative effects of monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1) in the treatment of severe ischemic brain injury and its effects on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and neuropathy disability score (NDS). Sixty patients with severe ischemic brain injury admitted to The First People's Hospital of Jining (Jining, China) from June 2014 to March 2016 were selected. They were randomly divided into the control group (n=30) and the experimental group (n=30). The patients in the control group were treated with routine therapy while those in the experimental group were treated with GM1. The level of TNF-α in the serum was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The NDS was used to grade the two groups; Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to analyze the correlation between the content of TNF-α and NDS; the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected using xanthine oxidase assay, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by thiobarbituric acid method. The clinical recovery time of two groups of patients was recorded. At 14 days after GM1 treatment, the serum TNF-α content and the NDS in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The content of TNF-α in the patients was positively correlated with the NDS. After treatment, the serum MDA content of patients in the experimental group was lower, while the SOD content was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After GM1 treatment, hemodynamic parameters of patients in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group. The total effective rate of GM1 treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). GM1 has a good clinical significance in the treatment of patients with severe ischemic brain injury and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yancang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yiwu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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50
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Chen GZ, Shan XY, Li XS, Tao HM. Remote ischemic postconditioning protects the brain from focal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy through the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Neurol Res 2018; 40:182-188. [PMID: 29369005 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1424696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-zhong Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-yun Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-sheng Li
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-miao Tao
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
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