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Gholampour Y, Jaderipour A, Khani Jeihooni A, Kashfi SM, Afzali Harsini P. The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model and Social Support on the Rate of Participation of Individuals in Performing Fecal Occult Blood Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION : APJCP 2018; 19:2777-2787. [PMID: 30360606 PMCID: PMC6291048 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.10.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim: Among the screening tests for colorectal cancer, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is important in comparison other methods due to its ease of use and low cost.The aim of this study is to survey the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model and social support on the rate of participation of individuals in performing fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening among men who referred to the health centers in FasaCity, Fars province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 200 men (100 in experimental group and 100 in control group) in FasaCity, Fars province, Iranwere selected in 2017. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, HBM constructs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self- efficacy and cues to action) and social support was used to measure the rate of participation of individuals in performing Fecal Occult Blood Test for colorectal cancer screening before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 viadescriptive and inferential statistics, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.5. Results: The mean age of the men was 63.18 ± 8.25 years in the experimental group and 65.11 ± 7.66 years in the control group. Three months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, Self-efficacy, cues to action, social support and the level of referrals (participation) of subjects for FOBTcompared to the control group. Conclusion: This study showed the effectiveness of HBM constructs and social support in adoption of the level of participation of subjects for FOBTin men. Hence, these models can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for undergoing FOBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Gholampour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Khani Jeihooni A, Kashfi SM, Shokri A, Kashfi SH, Karimi S. Investigating Factors Associated with FOBT Screening for Colorectal Cancer Based on the Components of Health Belief
Model and Social Support. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2163-2169. [PMID: 28843251 PMCID: PMC5697476 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with FOBT screening for colorectal cancer based on the components of Health Belief Model and social support in Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 240 subjects in people of Fasa city who had 50 years old and above. The subjects in this study were assigned to two groups of 120 patients. The first group included people over 50 years, who referred to the diagnostic laboratories for doing FOBT, but the second group included people aged 50 years and above who did not refer to a laboratory for doing FOBT and were assessed by questionnaires at home. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on health belief model and perceived social support. Results: The referring group included 61.3 percent women and 38.7 percent men, with a mean age of 65.24 ± 8.01. The non-referring group included 59.7 percent women and 40.3 percent men, with a mean age of 64.21 ±7.53 (p=0.24). In the referring group, 64.2 percent had undergone FOBT in the past year, while in the non-referring group only 12.72percent had done so (p=0.001). The results showed that the referring group obtained higher scores on awareness about CRC and ways to prevent it, and on HBM Model constructs, and social support compared to the non-referring group (p<0.001). In addition, the referring group reported significantly lower Perceived Barriers compared to the non-referring group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of HBM components and perceived social support for doing FOBT. Therefore, theory-based educational interventions can be used to increase individuals’ Perceived Severity, Perceived Susceptibility, and Perceived Benefits and reduce their Perceived Barriers in order to empower and encourage people to perform FOBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa.
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Diet, Alcohol Use, and Colorectal Cancer Screening among Black Church-goers. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2017; 4:118-128. [PMID: 28798944 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.4.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventions for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention among black adults are needed. Connections between CRC screening non-adherence and other health risk behaviors may inform intervention development. METHODS Associations between red meat (RM) and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, at-risk alcohol use, and CRC ever-screening were examined using adjusted logistic regressions among 520 church-going black adults in Houston, Texas, aged >50. RESULTS In the final adjusted model, being younger, uninsured, eating more RM and engaging in at-risk alcohol use were associated with lower likelihood of CRC ever-screening. CONCLUSIONS Church-based interventions to increase CRC screening among black adults might capitalize on associations with RM consumption and alcohol use behaviors as part of a broader wellness promotion initiative.
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Sociocultural and health correlates related to colorectal cancer screening adherence among urban African Americans. Cancer Nurs 2016; 38:118-24. [PMID: 24836955 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are highest among African Americans. African Americans lag behind whites in CRC screening rates. Research has examined the role of CRC screening knowledge and beliefs and their relationship to CRC screening adherence. However, studies have not examined the effect cultural identity, social support, CRC beliefs, an informed decision, and having a chronic disease has on CRC screening among African Americans. OBJECTIVES This study examined CRC screening adherence among African Americans within the context of sociocultural variables, an informed decision, and health factors. METHODS A secondary data analysis was performed on survey data collected from 129 African American men and women. RESULTS Social support and family influence were related to having a colonoscopy. Having diabetes was negatively related to having a colonoscopy. There was no relationship between having a primary care provider and making an informed decision about CRC screening. Religiosity and having a primary care provider predicted colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that certain sociocultural variables are related to colonoscopy. However, those same variables may not be related to or predictive of fecal occult blood test adherence. The diagnosis of diabetes may present a challenge to CRC screening adherence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results of the study suggest that social support and family influence concerning CRC screening be assessed to provide additional support to colonoscopy adherence. The results also suggest that diabetic patients may require additional intervention to increase colonoscopy adherence rates.
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Choi KC, So WKW, Chen JMT, Lau GC, Lee PCW, Chan CWH. Comparison Study of Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Testing between Ethnic Minorities and the General Population in Hong Kong. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7713-20. [PMID: 26625786 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. This study aimed to compare the uptake of CRC testing in the general public and in ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey covered 2,327 South Asian and Chinese adults aged over 50, recruited from two separate studies. A structured questionnaires were administered by research staff over the telephone or in face- to-face interviews. RESULTS The uptake rate of CRC testing among South Asians was significantly lower than that of the general population in Hong Kong. Factors associated with the uptake rate were health professional's recommendation, perception of regular visits to doctor, use of complementary therapy, ethnicity, perceived susceptibility to cancer, presence of chronic illness, and education level. In addition, a significant interaction (p<0.05) between ethnicity and health professionals' recommendations was found, after adjustment for the main independent factors identified. CONCLUSIONS Older people with lower educational attainment, without chronic illness and those have lower perceived susceptibility to cancer may be targeted for CRC testing promotion in the society. In addition, health professionals can play a highly influential role in promoting such testing, particularly among ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chow Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong E-mail :
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Atkinson TM, Salz T, Touza KK, Li Y, Hay JL. Does colorectal cancer risk perception predict screening behavior? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Med 2015; 38:837-50. [PMID: 26280755 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although health behavior theories postulate that risk perception should motivate colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, this relationship is unclear. This meta-analysis aims to examine the relationship between CRC risk perception and screening behavior, while considering potential moderators and study quality. A search of six databases yielded 58 studies (63 effect sizes) that quantitatively assessed the relationship between CRC risk perception and screening behavior. Most included effect sizes (75 %) reported a positive association between CRC risk perception and screening behavior. A random effects meta-analysis yielded an overall effect size of z = 0.13 (95 % CI 0.10-0.16), which was heterogeneous (I (2) = 99 %, τ(2) = 0.01). Effect sizes from high-quality studies were significantly lower than those from lower quality studies (z = 0.02 vs. 0.16). We found a small, positive relationship between CRC risk perception and reported screening behavior, with important identified heterogeneity across moderators. Future studies should focus on high quality study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Atkinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Talya Salz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Kaitlin K Touza
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yuelin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Hay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
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Wirth MD, Brandt HM, Dolinger H, Hardin JW, Sharpe PA, Eberth JM. Examining connections between screening for breast, cervical and prostate cancer and colorectal cancer screening. COLORECTAL CANCER 2014; 3:253-263. [PMID: 25143785 PMCID: PMC4134878 DOI: 10.2217/crc.14.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare participation in breast, cervical and prostate cancer screening with colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. MATERIALS & METHODS This random digit-dialed survey includes participants (aged 50-75 years) from South Carolina (USA). Past participation information in fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, mammography, clinical breast examination, Pap test, prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination was obtained.Adjusted odds ratios are reported. RESULTS Among European-American women, any cervical or breast cancer screening was associated with adherence to any CRC screening. Among African-American women, mammography was associated with adherence to any CRC screening. Digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests were associated with adherence to any CRC screening test among all men. CONCLUSION Future research should explore approaches inclusive of cancer screening recommendations for multiple cancer types for reduction of cancer screening disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Heather M Brandt
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200 Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Heather Dolinger
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200 Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- American Cancer Society, Inc., 128 Stonemark Lane, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James W Hardin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Patricia A Sharpe
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street Room 124, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street Room 124, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Jan M Eberth
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Griffith KA, Passmore SR, Smith D, Wenzel J. African Americans With a Family History of Colorectal Cancer: Barriers and Facilitators to Screening. Oncol Nurs Forum 2012; 39:299-306. [DOI: 10.1188/12.onf.299-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maruthur NM, Bolen S, Gudzune K, Brancati FL, Clark JM. Body mass index and colon cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:737-46. [PMID: 22492832 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased colon cancer mortality and lower rates of mammography and Pap testing. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to determine whether obesity is associated with lower rates of colon cancer screening. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Two investigators reviewed citations, abstracts, and articles independently. Two investigators abstracted study information sequentially and evaluated quality independently using standardized forms. We included all studies in our qualitative syntheses. We used random effects meta-analyses to combine those studies providing screening results by the following body mass index (BMI) categories: Normal, 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) (reference); overweight, 25-29.9 kg/m(2); class I obesity, 30-34.9 kg/m(2); class II obesity, 35-39.9 kg/m(2); and class III obesity, ≥ 40 kg/m(2). RESULTS Of 5,543 citations, we included 23 articles. Almost all studies were cross-sectional and ascertained BMI and screening through self-report. BMI was not associated with colon cancer screening overall. The subgroup of obese white women reported lower rates of colon cancer screening compared with those with a normal BMI with combined ORs (95% CI) of 0.87 (0.82-0.93), 0.80 (0.65-0.99), and 0.73 (0.58-0.94) for class I, II, and III obesity, respectively. Results were similar among white men with class II obesity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, BMI was not associated with colon cancer screening. Obese white men and women may be less likely to undergo colon cancer screening compared with those with a normal BMI. IMPACT Further investigation of this disparity may reduce the risk of obesity-related colon cancer death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa M Maruthur
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Brandt HM, Dolinger HR, Sharpe PA, Hardin JW, Berger FG. Relationship of colorectal cancer awareness and knowledge with colorectal cancer screening. COLORECTAL CANCER 2012; 1:383-396. [PMID: 26257828 PMCID: PMC4529290 DOI: 10.2217/crc.12.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to describe the association of awareness and knowledge with participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. MATERIALS & METHODS Telephone survey research was conducted with South Carolina (USA) residents aged 50-75 years using a 144-item instrument. Data were analyzed with SAS and Stata. Adjusted odds ratios are reported. RESULTS Respondents (n = 1302) had heard of CRC screening (96%) and exhibited high levels of CRC awareness and knowledge; only 74% had ever been screened. Higher levels of knowledge were associated with a greater likelihood of having ever been screened (odds ratio: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.41; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Results showed high levels of awareness and knowledge, but modest participation in CRC. Transforming awareness and knowledge into CRC screening participation should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Brandt
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior & Cancer Prevention & Control Program, 915 Greene Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Heather R Dolinger
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Patricia A Sharpe
- Arnold School of Public Health, Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James W Hardin
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Families in Society, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Franklin G Berger
- Department of Biological Sciences & Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Reiter PL, Linnan LA. Cancer Screening Behaviors of African American Women Enrolled in a Community-Based Cancer Prevention Trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20:429-438. [PMID: 21332413 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: African American women have increased mortality rates for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers, yet not all receive the recommended screening tests for these cancers. We characterized the cancer screening behaviors of African American women enrolled in a community-based cancer prevention trial. Methods: We examined cross-sectional data from 1123 African American customers aged ≥18 years from 37 beauty salons in North Carolina who completed the North Carolina BEAUTY and Health Project baseline survey. Mixed logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of receiving cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening tests within recommended screening guidelines. Results: Overall, 94% (1026 of 1089) of women aged ≥18 years reported receiving a Pap smear test within the last 3 years, 70% (298 of 425) of women aged ≥40 years reported receiving a mammography within the last year, and 64% (116 of 180) of women aged ≥50 years were considered to be within recommended screening guidelines for colorectal cancer. Age was correlated with recent Pap smear testing and mammography. Women who reported receiving a recent Pap smear test were more likely to report a mammogram in the last year, and women with a recent mammogram were more likely to be within recommended screening guidelines for colorectal cancer. Many women reported multiple barriers to getting recommended cancer screening tests. Conclusions: Almost all women reported receiving a Pap smear test within the last 3 years. Future interventions should focus on increasing breast and colorectal cancer screening among African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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