1
|
Nguyen NP, Page BR, Giap H, Dahbi Z, Vinh-Hung V, Gorobets O, Mohammadianpanah M, Motta M, Portaluri M, Arenas M, Bonet M, Lara PC, Kim L, Dutheil F, Natoli E, Loganadane G, Lehrman D, Bose S, Kaur S, Blanco SC, Chi A. Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy for Older Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Are Not Candidates for or Decline Surgery and Chemotherapy: A Practical Proposal by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3112. [PMID: 39272970 PMCID: PMC11394154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is either surgery combined with chemotherapy pre- or postoperatively or concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, older and frail patients may not be candidates for surgery and chemotherapy due to the high mortality risk and are frequently referred to radiotherapy alone, which is better tolerated but carries a high risk of disease recurrence. Recently, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may induce a high response rate among cancer patients with positive programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Immunotherapy is also well tolerated among older patients. Laboratory and clinical studies have reported synergy between radiotherapy and ICI. The combination of ICI and radiotherapy may improve local control and survival for NSCLC patients who are not candidates for surgery and chemotherapy or decline these two modalities. The International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group proposes a protocol combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy based on the presence or absence of PD-L1 to optimize the survival of those patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam P Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Brandi R Page
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Huan Giap
- Radiation Oncology Proton Therapy, OSF HeathCare Cancer Institute, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61603, USA
| | - Zineb Dahbi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca 82403, Morocco
| | - Vincent Vinh-Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin, 50100 Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France
| | - Olena Gorobets
- Department of Oral Surgery, Cancer Tech Care Association, Perpignan 66000, France
| | - Mohammad Mohammadianpanah
- Colorectal Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Micaela Motta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Portaluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, University of Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Bonet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Pedro Carlos Lara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fernando Pessoria Canarias Las Palmas University, 35002 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lyndon Kim
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fabien Dutheil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinique Sainte Clotilde, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Elena Natoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studorium, Bologna University, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - David Lehrman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Satya Bose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Sarabjot Kaur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Sergio Calleja Blanco
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Capital University Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui D, An R, Li L, Jiang L, Jiang C, Jin J. Causal association between Helicobacter pylori infection and Sjogren's syndrome: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:782. [PMID: 39103815 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of observational studies indicate a potential link between Helicobacter pylori infection and Sjogren's syndrome (SS), but the causal relationship between them remains unknown. This study applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate this relationship. METHOD Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics on H. pylori infection [sample size=8735 (EBI, https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/ )] and SS [sample size=368,028 (cases=2495, controls=365533) (FinnGen, https://r9.finngen.fi/ )] were analyzed. We used bidirectional MR to evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and SS and identify causation. The major MR analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR, supplemented by MR‒Egger and weighted median approaches. In addition, the stability and reliability of the results were tested using the retention method, heterogeneity test, and horizontal gene pleiotropy test. RESULTS Evidence of the impact of H. pylori infection on SS risk was found in the IVW results [odds ratio (OR)=1.6705; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.0966 to 2.5446; P=0.0168]. Evidence of the impact of SS on H. pylori infection risk was also found (OR=1.0158; 95% CI=1.0033 to 1.0285; P=0.0128). CONCLUSION The results of MR analysis support a causal association between H. pylori infection and SS and indicate that SS can lead to a greater risk of H. pylori infection. Our research will support the development of novel approaches for continued H. pylori and SS-related research and therapy that consider the genetic relationship between H. pylori infection and SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinglu Cui
- Department of Rheumatology, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Rongxian An
- Department of Rheumatology, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Chunshan Jiang
- Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji, 133000, China.
| | - Jingchun Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji, 133000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim MK, Jo SI, Kim SY, Lim H, Kang HS, Moon SH, Ye BD, Soh JS, Hwang SW. PD-1-positive cells contribute to the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and can aid in predicting response to vedolizumab. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21329. [PMID: 38044341 PMCID: PMC10694145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from other inflammatory diseases is often challenging. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is expressed in T cells and is an indicator of their exhaustion. The role of PD-1 expression in diagnosing IBD and predicting the response of biologic agents remains inconclusive. In this study, endoscopic biopsy samples of 19 patients diagnosed with IBD, intestinal tuberculosis, and intestinal Behcet's disease were analyzed using multiplexed immunohistochemistry. Additionally, a separate "vedolizumab (VDZ) cohort" established in ulcerative colitis patients who underwent endoscopic biopsy before VDZ administration was analyzed to predict response to VDZ. In the immunohistochemistry analysis, the cell density of T cell subsets, including PD-1 + cells, was investigated and compared between IBD and other inflammatory diseases (OID). Cell densities of PD-1 + cells (p = 0.028), PD-1 + helper T cells (p = 0.008), and PD-1 + regulatory T cells (p = 0.024) were higher in IBD compared with OID. In the VDZ cohort, patients with a 14-week steroid-free clinical response had higher levels of PD-1 + cells (p = 0.026), PD-1 + helper T cells (p = 0.026), and PD-1 + regulatory T cells (p = 0.041) than the no response group. PD-1 + immune cells may contribute to the diagnosis of IBD and could be used to predict response to VDZ in ulcerative colitis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Jo
- PrismCDX Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suster D, Tili E, Nuovo GJ. The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 61:152032. [PMID: 36113259 PMCID: PMC9436872 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. Forty nasopharyngeal swabs with either productive mild infection (n = 20) or negative for SARS-CoV2 (n = 20) were tested along with ten lung sections from people who died of COVID-19 which contained abundant SARS-CoV2 and ten controls. There was a 25-fold increase in the CD3+T cell numbers in the viral positive nasopharyngeal swabs compared to the controls (p < 0.001) and no change in the CD3+T cell count in the fatal COVID-19 lungs versus the controls. CD11b + and CD206+ macrophage counts were significantly higher in the mild versus fatal disease (p = 0.002). In situ analysis for SARS-CoV2 RNA found ten COVID-19 lung sections that had no/rare detectable virus and also lacked the microangiopathy typical of the viral positive sections. These viral negative lung tissues when compared to the viral positive lung samples showed a highly significant increase in CD3+ and CD8 T cells (p < 0.001), equivalent numbers of CD163+ cells, and significantly less PDL1, CD11b and CD206+ cells (p = 0.002). It is concluded that mild SARS-CoV2 infection is marked by a much stronger CD3/CD8 T cell, CD11b, and CD206 macrophage response than the fatal lung disease where viral RNA is abundant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Suster
- Rutgers University Hospital Department of Pathology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; GnomeDX, Powell, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beenen AC, Sauerer T, Schaft N, Dörrie J. Beyond Cancer: Regulation and Function of PD-L1 in Health and Immune-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158599. [PMID: 35955729 PMCID: PMC9369208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274, B7-H1) is a transmembrane protein which is strongly involved in immune modulation, serving as checkpoint regulator. Interaction with its receptor, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), induces an immune-suppressive signal, which modulates the activity of T cells and other effector cells. This mediates peripheral tolerance and contributes to tumor immune escape. PD-L1 became famous due to its deployment in cancer therapy, where blockage of PD-L1 with the help of therapeutic antagonistic antibodies achieved impressive clinical responses by reactivating effector cell functions against tumor cells. Therefore, in the past, the focus has been placed on PD-L1 expression and its function in various malignant cells, whereas its role in healthy tissue and diseases apart from cancer remained largely neglected. In this review, we summarize the function of PD-L1 in non-cancerous cells, outlining its discovery and origin, as well as its involvement in different cellular and immune-related processes. We provide an overview of transcriptional and translational regulation, and expression patterns of PD-L1 in different cells and organs, and illuminate the involvement of PD-L1 in different autoimmune diseases as well as in the context of transplantation and pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amke C. Beenen
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.C.B.); (T.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Sauerer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.C.B.); (T.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.C.B.); (T.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.C.B.); (T.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-31127
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen J, Finkelman BS, Escobar D, Xue Y, Wolniak K, Pezhouh M. Over-expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Hum Pathol 2022; 126:19-27. [PMID: 35489437 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) dysregulation has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, but its role in regulating intestinal mucosa inflammation is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess PD-L1 expression in the intestinal mucosa of patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared to controls. We evaluated PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in colectomy specimens of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) compared to controls. PD-L1 expression was assessed in colonic epithelium and inflammatory cells, along with the location of the inflammatory cells expressing PD-L1. All cases were stained with CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD20, CD68, and CD90 immunostains to determine the types of cells expressing PD-L1. The UC group showed significantly higher PD-L1 expression in the colonic epithelium compared to both CD and control groups (both P<0.001), and CD was also significantly higher than the control group (P=0.004). Both UC and CD groups showed similar PD-L1 expression in the inflammatory infiltrate, but significantly higher than the control group (both P<0.001). Among both IBD groups, higher IBD activity was associated with higher levels of PD-L1 expression in the colonic epithelium (P<0.05) and inflammatory infiltrate (P<0.001). When comparing PD-L1 expression to lineage specific markers, CD3+, CD4+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD90+ colonic stromal cells appeared to be expressing PD-L1. These findings implicate a role for PD-L1 in the dysregulation of the immune response in refractory IBD. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role of the immune regulatory pathways in intestinal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Brian S Finkelman
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Yue Xue
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Kristy Wolniak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Maryam Pezhouh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kato I, Zhang J, Sun J. Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:425. [PMID: 35053587 PMCID: PMC8773491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Etchegaray-Morales I, Jiménez-Herrera EA, Mendoza-Pinto C, Rojas-Villarraga A, Macías-Díaz S, Osorio-Peña ÁD, Munguía-Realpozo P, García-Carrasco M. Helicobacter pylori and its association with autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren syndrome. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100135. [PMID: 34825158 PMCID: PMC8605081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that adapts to the gastric mucosa and provokes symptoms associated with gastritis. Chronic H. pylori infection in patients with a genetic predisposition can trigger autoimmune diseases due to the immune interaction of cellular and humoral responses. Infections are a triggering factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren syndrome (SS), although the association between H. pylori and these diseases is unclear. Therefore, we reviewed this interaction and its clinical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivet Etchegaray-Morales
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420, Puebla, Mexico
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research, Unit of Specialties, Hospital UMAE, Mexican Social Security Institute, 2 Norte 2004, 72000, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Rojas-Villarraga
- Research Institute, Fundación Universitaria De Ciencias De La Salud, University of Health Sciences, Cra. 19 N 8a-32, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Salvador Macías-Díaz
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital General de Zona N°1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Francisco I. Madero 407, 42070, Hidalgo, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology. Medicine School. Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ángel David Osorio-Peña
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pamela Munguía-Realpozo
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Mario García-Carrasco
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420, Puebla, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roosenboom B, Horjus Talabur Horje CS, Smids C, Leeuwis JW, van Koolwijk E, Groenen MJM, Wahab PJ, van Lochem EG. Distribution of mucosal PD-1 expressing T cells in patients with colitis of different etiologies. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:671-679. [PMID: 33779456 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1906316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy, targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) enhances antitumor T-cell activity in patients with malignancies. Blocking PD-1 or its ligand may lead to fulminant colitis as serious adverse event in these patients. Since little is known of the presence and role of PD-1+T cells in colitis of different etiologies, we determined PD-1+T cells in mucosal specimens of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, infectious colitis (InfC), immunotherapy-related colitis (ImC) and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Newly diagnosed patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 73), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 50), InfC (n = 5), ImC (n = 8) and HC (n = 8) were included. Baseline inflamed colonic biopsies were studied with immunohistochemistry and flowcytometry. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, PD-1 was not present on lymphocytes in the epithelium of all patients, nor in HC. The percentage PD-1+ of all lymphocytes in the lamina propria was 40% in UC, 5% in InfC, 3% in ImC and 0% in HC. Flowcytometry showed significant higher percentages of PD-1+T cells in inflamed biopsy specimens of UC patients (22%) compared to all other groups: CD patients (13%), InfC (12%), ImC (5%) and HC (6%). CONCLUSION There are relevant differences in distribution and frequencies of mucosal PD-1+ T-cell subsets in patients with UC, CD, InfC and ImC, supporting the hypothesis that these types of colitis are driven by different immunological pathways. The increased numbers of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa of UC patients suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway might be more activated in UC than in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Roosenboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen S Horjus Talabur Horje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carolijn Smids
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elly van Koolwijk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J M Groenen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Wahab
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen G van Lochem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of PD-L1 in Gut Mucosa Tolerance and Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239165. [PMID: 33271941 PMCID: PMC7730745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is among the most complex systems in the body. It has a diverse commensal microbiome challenged continuously by food and microbial components while delivering essential nutrients and defending against pathogens. For these reasons, regulatory cells and receptors are likely to play a central role in maintaining the gut mucosal homeostasis. Recent lessons from cancer immunotherapy point out the critical role of the B7 negative co-stimulator PD-L1 in mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge supporting the critical role of PD-L1 in gastrointestinal mucosal tolerance and how abnormalities in its expression and signaling contribute to gut inflammation and cancers. Abnormal expression of PD-L1 and/or the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways have been observed in the pathology of the GI tract. We also discuss the current gap in our knowledge with regards to PD-L1 signaling in the GI tract under homeostasis and pathology. Finally, we summarize the current understanding of how this pathway is currently targeted to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cassol CA, Owen D, Kendra K, Braga JR, Frankel WL, Arnold CA. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PD-1 inhibitor-associated colitis and its mimics. Histopathology 2020; 77:240-249. [PMID: 32298485 DOI: 10.1111/his.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the treatment of advanced malignancies by boosting immune-mediated destruction of neoplastic cells, but are associated with side effects stemming from generalised immune system activation against normal tissues. Checkpoint ligand expression in non-tumoral cells of tissues affected by immune-related adverse effects has been described in ICI-associated hypophysitis, myocarditis, and acute interstitial nephritis. We aimed to investigate the tissue expression of the immune checkpoint receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in PD-1 inhibitor-associated colitis (PD1i colitis). METHODS AND RESULTS PD-1 and PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression levels were analysed in 15 cases of PD1i colitis and potential mimics-infectious colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Increased epithelial expression of PD-L1 was observed in PD1i colitis as compared with normal colon and infectious colitis, but the expression level was lower than that in IBD. Conversely, PD-1 expression in inflammatory cells was higher in infectious colitis, intermediate in IBD, and minimal or absent in normal colon and in patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Although our results do not justify the use of PD-L1 as a discriminatory marker of PD1i colitis against other entities within the differential diagnosis, they support the concept that PD1i colitis and IBD have similar pathogenetic mechanisms. They also highlight the fact that PD-L1 epithelial overexpression is a commonly used mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa to protect itself from inflammatory-mediated damage resulting from different aetiologies, which probably underpins the high incidence of gastrointestinal immune-related adverse effects in patients receiving ICI therapies, in whom this mechanism is disrupted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Cassol
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dwight Owen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kari Kendra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juarez R Braga
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Czogalla B, Pham D, Trillsch F, Rottmann M, Gallwas J, Burges A, Mahner S, Kirchner T, Jeschke U, Mayr D, Schmoeckel E. PD-L1 expression and survival in p16-negative and -positive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:569-577. [PMID: 32025868 PMCID: PMC7040065 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has become a widely used predictive biomarker for therapy with checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of cancers. Here, we studied the expression of PD-L1 in squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva (SCCV) with regard to HPV status via its surrogate marker p16. Additionally, the status of PD-L1 and p16 were analyzed for prognostic information and potential correlation to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). METHODS PD-L1 was analyzed in 128 cases of SCCV using the tumor proportion score (TPS), the immune cell score (ICS) and the combined positive score (CPS). Cases were immunostained for p16 and analyzed for stromal TILs. PD-L1, p16, and TILs were compared to clinico-pathological parameters and patient's survival. RESULTS TPS ≥ 50% and CPS ≥ 50 were correlated to a worse grading (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031), but not to FIGO-stage. CPS ≥ 50 was associated to a worse prognosis with overall survival (p = 0.021) but was not correlated to the progression-free survival. P16-positivity was correlated to a longer progression-free survival (p = 0.006) and overall survival (p = 0.023). PD-L1 expression was independent from p16 status. TILs ≥ 50% were present in 24% of the cases and were strongly correlated to PD-L1 (TPS p = 0.02, ICS p < 0.001, CPS p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that PD-L1 expression is frequent in SCCV and independent from p16 status. High PD-L1 expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome whereas p16-positivity turned out to be an independent positive prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Deborah Pham
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Rottmann
- Munich Cancer Registry, Bavarian Cancer Registry-Regional Centre Munich (LGL) at the University Hospital of Munich, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Charras A, Arvaniti P, Le Dantec C, Dalekos GN, Zachou K, Bordron A, Renaudineau Y. JAK Inhibitors and Oxidative Stress Control. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2814. [PMID: 31867003 PMCID: PMC6908489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a complex autoimmune epithelitis, with few treatment options, but the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors is promising because suppression of the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway improves sicca manifestations. Playing a primary and pathogenic role in disease development, the oxidative stress response is upregulated in activated salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from patients with SjS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether JAK inhibitors would suppress SGEC activation in response to an oxidative stress. For this purpose, the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line was used, and cells were treated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or with interferons (IFN Type I and Type II), used as positive controls, to mimic activated SGECs as observed in SjS patients. Afterward, the levels of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the regulatory programmed-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were measured by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, and the STAT1/3 phosphorylation status was assessed by Western blotting. Using the HSG cell line, our results showed that both ICAM-1 and PD-L1 are induced by ROS through pSTAT3, and that this activation pathway is reversed by the use of JAK inhibitors, AG490 and ruxolitinib, as well as by N-acetylcysteine, which is a direct inhibitor of ROS. These findings open new perspectives regarding the pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities for SjS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Charras
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Pinelopi Arvaniti
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France.,Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christelle Le Dantec
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - George N Dalekos
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kaliopi Zachou
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anne Bordron
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A comparison of the detection of biomarkers in infections due to low risk versus high-risk human papillomavirus types. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 41:57-61. [PMID: 31132653 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adjunctive immunohistochemistry tests for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection include p16 and Ki67 as well as the more recently discovered biomarkers importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and PDL1. The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of these biomarkers in HPV infection due to the high-risk types such as HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 51 versus lesions that contain the low risk types HPV 2, 6 or 11. We studied 35 lesions with low risk HPV types (verruca vulgaris = 10 cases, condyloma acuminatum = 15 cases, CIN 1 with HPV 6/11 = 10 cases) and 25 CIN 1 or 2 lesions with a high-risk HPV type. The 25 high-risk positive CIN 1-2 cases had strong expression of the panel p16, Ki67, importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and PDL1 where each protein localized to the cells in the parabasal aspect of the lesion. In comparison, neither p16, importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, nor PDL1 were increased in the epithelia of the lesions with the low risk HPV types; Ki67 showed variable expression. HPV viral capsid L1 protein and viral DNA were excellent markers of infection in the lesions with low risk types. Thus, p16, importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and PDL1 are not only biomarkers of high-risk HPV infection but can also differentiate such lesions from those that contain low risk HPV types. Low risk HPV infections can be best differentiated from their mimics by viral L1 capsid detection and/or HPV DNA by in situ hybridization.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jung M, Bae JM, Jeon YK, Jung KC, Cho SW, Won JK. Parathyroid adenoma with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate having histological features highly suggestive of IgG4-related disease: a case report and literature review. Endocr J 2019; 66:379-385. [PMID: 30726786 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid adenoma with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate is a rare disease. Until now, 11 patients have been reported. Herein, we report a 57-year-old man who had a neck mass that was incidentally found. Aspiration cytology and subsequent needle biopsy of the tumor were performed and suggested papillary thyroid carcinoma. From the resected specimen, however, the patient was finally diagnosed with parathyroid adenoma with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate, characterized by hyperplastic parathyroid cells with nuclear atypia within fibrotic stroma along with numerous lymphocytes forming germinal centers. Some eosinophils and plasma cells were also observed with some histological features highly suggestive of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), including increased IgG4-positive plasma cells and IgG4/IgG-positive plasma cell ratio, storiform-type fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. It turned out that microfollicular or trabecular architecture and cellular atypia with high expression of HBME-1 observed in the aspiration cytology and needle biopsy had been misinterpreted as a thyroid malignancy. This is the first report describing microscopic features of aspiration cytology and needle biopsy of parathyroid adenoma with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate, warning that it can mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma in biopsy specimens. Furthermore, the IgG4-RD-like features of the present case and previous reports imply that parathyroid adenoma with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate may be a type of IgG4-RD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nuovo G, Nicol A, de Andrade CV, Magro C. New biomarkers of human papillomavirus infection in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:81-87. [PMID: 31075668 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cause of epidermodysplasia verruciformis is infection by human papillomavirus, usually types 5 or 8, and it exhibits a high potential for malignant transformation. The diagnostic histologic features of epidermodysplasia verruciformis are not always present and can be mimicked by non-viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to interrogate such lesions for new potential biomarkers to aid in the diagnostic accuracy. HPV DNA was high copy and localized to the upper half of the lesion in cells with cytologic features that included perinuclear halos, blue-grey cytoplasm, and hyper/parakeratosis. Serial section analyses demonstrated that there was increased expression of importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, p16, Ki67 and PDL1 in 13/13 epidermodysplasia verruciformis lesions. Each of these proteins localized primarily to the less differentiated cells in the parabasal aspect of the lesion. Only Ki67 and exportin-5 were expressed in the normal epithelia, though much less so, in 13/13 aged matched controls. It is concluded that the host response to HPV 5/8 infection in epidermodysplasia verruciformis includes the up regulation of several proteins including p16, Ki67, importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and PDL1. Thus, these proteins may serve as new biomarkers of this disease that can aid in cases that are equivocal for epidermodysplasia verruciformis on histologic examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Phylogeny Medical Laboratory, Powell, OH, United States of America.
| | - Alcina Nicol
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fiocruz National Institute of Women's, Children and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nicol AF, de Andrade CV, Gomes SC, Brusadelli MG, Lodin HM, Wells SI, Nuovo GJ. The distribution of novel biomarkers in carcinoma-in-situ, microinvasive, and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 38:115-122. [PMID: 30579259 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Importin-β, exportin-5, p16, Ki-67, Mcl1, PDL1, and cFLIP are each over-expressed in the majority of CIN 1 lesions. These biomarkers, plus HPV E6/E7 RNA, were analyzed in carcinoma-in-situ (CIS), microinvasive, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix and cervical carcinoma cell lines. Only p16 and Ki-67 continued to be over-expressed in CIS, with a concomitant marked increase in E6/E7 RNA. There was a highly significant increase in PDL1 expression and decrease in Ki-67 (each p < 0.001) in microinvasive cancer compared to CIS whereas p16 and E6/E7 remained stable. As the lesion progressed to SCC, p16 and E6/E7 RNA remained strongly overexpressed with a concomitant over expression of importin-β and Ki67. HPV positive Caski cells showed significant elevations of p16, importin-β, exportin-5 and PDL1 compared to the HPV negative cervical cancer cell line C33A, consistent with viral induction of these biomarkers. The data suggest that PDL1 may be a useful biomarker to differentiate CIS from microinvasive cancer and, thus, anti-PDL1 therapy may inhibit the progression of CIS to the invasive stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alcina F Nicol
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas - INI-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- National Institute of Health of Women, Children, and Adolescents, Fernandes Figueira - IFF-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Saint Clair Gomes
- National Institute of Health of Women, Children, and Adolescents, Fernandes Figueira - IFF-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marion G Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah M Lodin
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Phylogeny Inc, Powell, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Reynders K, Wauters E, Moisse M, Decaluwé H, De Leyn P, Peeters S, Lambrecht M, Nackaerts K, Dooms C, Janssens W, Vansteenkiste J, Lambrechts D, De Ruysscher D. RNA-sequencing in non-small cell lung cancer shows gene downregulation of therapeutic targets in tumor tissue compared to non-malignant lung tissue. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:131. [PMID: 30016964 PMCID: PMC6050654 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression of specific therapeutic targets in non-malignant lung tissue might play an important role in optimizing targeted therapies. This study aims to identify different expression patterns of fifteen genes important for targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We prospectively collected tissue of NSCLC and non-malignant lung tissue from 25 primary resected patients. RNA-sequencing and 450 K methylation array profiling was applied to both NSCLC and non-malignant lung tissue and data were analyzed for 14 target genes. We analyzed differential expression and methylation as well as expression according to patient characteristics like smoking status, histology, age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, C-reactive protein (CRP) and gender. TCGA data served as a validation set. Results Nineteen men and 6 women were included. Important targets like PD-L2 (p = 0.035), VEGFR2 (p < 0.001) and VEGFR3 (p < 0.001) were downregulated (respective fold changes = 1.8, 3.1, 2.7, 3.5) in tumor compared to non-malignant lung tissue. The TCGA set confirmed these findings almost universally. PD-L1 (p < 0.001) became also significantly downregulated in the TCGA set. In NSCLC, MUC1 (p = 0.003) showed a higher expression in patients with a CRP < 5 mg/L compared to > 5 mg/L. In the TCGA data but not in our primary data, PD-L1 & 2 were both borderline more expressed in tumors of active smokers vs. tumors of ex-smokers (p = 0.044 and 0.052). Conclusions Our results suggest a lower PD-L1 & 2 and VEGFR expression in NSCLC vs. non-malignant lung tissue. Specific patient characteristics did not seem to change the overall expression differences as they were in line with the overall results. This information may contribute to the optimization of targeted treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-018-1075-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kobe Reynders
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Lab of Experimental Radiotherapy, UH-Gasthuisberg, CDG-8th floor-box 815, Herestraat 49 - 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Els Wauters
- Respiratory Oncology Department, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herbert Decaluwé
- Department of Thoracic surgery, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul De Leyn
- Department of Thoracic surgery, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Lambrecht
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Nackaerts
- Respiratory Oncology Department, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Dooms
- Respiratory Oncology Department, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Respiratory Oncology Department, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nuovo GJ, de Andrade CV, Wells SI, Brusadelli M, Nicol AF. New biomarkers of human papillomavirus infection in acute cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 36:21-27. [PMID: 29966832 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN) is marked by high copy episomal viral DNA and L1/L2 capsid protein expression (productive infection) in the cells towards the surface that facilitate sexual viral transmission. Viral DNA is low copy and not associated with viral capsid protein expression in the less differentiated lower part of the CIN (nonproductive infection). The purpose of this study was to examine the host response in these two areas. Serial section and co-localization analyses demonstrated that in 29/33 (88%) of cases the NF-κB pathway was activated and localized to the suprabasal nonproductively infected cells in the CIN lesions. There was a concomitant increased expression of importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, p16, Ki67 and cFLIP in 32/33 (96%) of CIN lesions that likewise localized primarily to the nonproductively infected cells. Only Ki67 and exportin-5 were expressed, though much less so, in the adjacent, normal squamous epithelia. The viral proteins E1^E4 and L1 were localized to productively infected cells whereas E6/E7 protein/RNA was rarely present in early CIN. It is concluded that the host viral response to acute cervical HPV infection includes strong increased expression of proteins besides p16 and Ki67. These include importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and cFLIP in cells with low copy and relatively quiescent viral DNA that, in turn, may serve as new biomarkers of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Phylogeny Laboratory, Powell, OH, United States of America.
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- National Institute of Health of Women, Children, and Adolescents, Fernandes Figueira - IFF-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States of America; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Marion Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States of America; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Alcina F Nicol
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas - INI-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nuovo G, Tran H, Gutierrez A, Fadda P, Pichiorri F, Caserta E, Hofmeister CC, Chesi M, Leif Bergsagel P, Morris D, Shi Q, Coffey M, Thirukkumaran C. Importin-β and exportin-5 are strong biomarkers of productive reoviral infection of cancer cells. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 32:28-34. [PMID: 29414394 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute reoviral infection has been extensively studied given the virus's propensity to target malignant cells and activate caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. Reovirus infection of malignant N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells led to significant increased expression of importin-β and exportin-5 mRNAs (qRTPCR) and proteins (immunohistochemistry) which was partially blocked by small interfering LNA oligomers directed against the reoviral genome. Co-expression analysis showed that the N1E-115 cells that contained reoviral capsid protein had accumulated importin-β and exportin-5, as well as activated caspase 3. Reoviral oncolysis using a syngeneic mouse model of multiple myeloma similarly induced a significant increase in importin-β and exportin-5 proteins that were co-expressed with reoviral capsid protein and caspase-3. Apoptotic proteins (BAD, BIM, PUMA, NOXA, BAK, BAX) were increased with infection and co-localized with reoviral capsid protein. Surprisingly the anti-apoptotic MCL1 and bcl2 were also increased and co-localized with the capsid protein suggesting that it was the balance of pro-apoptotic molecules that correlated with activation of caspase-3. In summary, productive reoviral infection is strongly correlated with elevated importin-β and exportin-5 levels which may serve as biomarkers of the disease in clinical specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Nuovo
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Phylogeny Medical Laboratory, Powell, OH, USA.
| | | | | | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Division of hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Don Morris
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary 1331, 29th Street NW, Calgary, Canada
| | - Qiao Shi
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary 1331, 29th Street NW, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Importin-β and exportin-5 are indicators of acute viral infection: Correlation of their detection with commercially available detection kits. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:36-41. [PMID: 29661725 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on immunohistochemistry markers of acute viral infections. Viral infected cells were detected by in situ based methods (reovirus, rabies virus) or cytologic changes (human papillomavirus, molloscum contagiosum virus, herpes simplex virus). Two proteins involved in nuclear trafficking, importin-β and exportin-5, were detected in the infected cells for each virus and not in the control tissues. A wide variety of other proteins, including caspase-3, and bcl-2 family members (bcl2, bclX, MCL1, BAK, BAX, BIM, BAD) showed wide variations in expression among the different viral infections. Specificity of the importin-β and exportin-5 signals varied greatly with different commercially available peroxidase conjugates. It is concluded that immunohistochemistry detection of importin-β and exportin-5 may be useful markers of acute viral infection, which suggests that increased nuclear trafficking may be an important concomitant of viral proliferation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is usually acquired in early childhood and the infection persists lifelong without causing symptoms. In a small of cases, the infection leads to gastric or duodenal ulcer disease, or gastric cancer. Why disease occurs in these individuals remains unclear, however the host response is known to play a very important part. Understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining control over the immune and inflammatory response is therefore extremely important. Vaccines against H. pylori have remained elusive but are desperately needed for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. This review focuses on research findings which may prove useful in the development of prognostic tests for gastric cancer development, therapeutic agents to control immunopathology, and effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kazuyo Kaneko
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Leif Percival Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|