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Ratajczak K, Grel H, Olejnik P, Jakiela S, Stobiecka M. Current progress, strategy, and prospects of PD-1/PDL-1 immune checkpoint biosensing platforms for cancer diagnostics, therapy monitoring, and drug screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115644. [PMID: 37660460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advancements in testing and monitoring instrumentation have greatly contributed to the progress in cancer treatment by surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic interventions. However, the mortality rate still remains high, calling for the development of new treatment strategies with higher efficacy. Extensive efforts driven in this direction have included broadening of early cancer screening and applying innovative theranostic nanotechnologies. They have been supported by platforms introduced to enable the detection and monitoring of cancer biomarkers, inhibitors, and other agents, able to slow down cancer progression and prevent metastasis. Despite of the well-recognized principles of the immune checkpoint blockade, the efficacy of immunotherapy achieved so far does not meet the well-founded expectations. For a successful cancer treatment, highly sensitive, robust, and inexpensive multiplex biosensors have to be designed to aid in the biomarkers monitoring and in the development of new inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the efforts undertaken to aid in the development and monitoring of anticancer immunotherapy, based on the programmed cell-death immune checkpoint (PD-1/PDL-1) blockade, by designing biosensors for the detection of relevant cancer biomarkers and their inhibitors screening. This review also emphasizes alternative targets made by exosomes carrying PD-L1 overexpressed in cancer cells and passed into the excreted exosomes. Evaluated are also novel targeted drug delivery nanocarriers, providing simultaneous biosensing, thereby contributing to the emerging immune checkpoint cancer therapy. On the basis of the current trends and the emerging technologies, future perspectives of cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring using biosensing platforms are projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Grel
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Olejnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Liu Y, Huang R, Liu L, Meng Y, Liu X. Epigenetic abnormalities of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and its effect on immune escape. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:242-248. [PMID: 31709594 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a particular kind of malignant tumour that originates from the B cells. The malignant phenotype of cHL is, at least in part, maintained by epigenetic aberrations, which primarily consist of abnormal histone methylation and acetylation. Progress has been made in clinical trials concerning the histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) in cHL. Also, some demethylation regimens could serve the purpose of preventing and treating tumours. Programmed death-ligand receptor 1 (PD-L1, CD274) inhibitors or apoptosis receptor 1 (PD-1, CD279) inhibitors are used in treating patients with relapsed cHL in recent years. Academic researches indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, demonstrate remarkable activity in relapsed cHL. In addition, in recent years, a close association between epigenetic aberrations and immune escape has been explored in cHL. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, HDACis, and immune checkpoint blockade exhibit synergistic effects. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview on the epigenetic abnormalities of cHL and its effect on immune escape, in order to explore the optimal combination approach to treat the disease. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Cancer Statistics 2018 reported that more than 8000 new cases of Hodgkin lymphoma were diagnosed. In recent years, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for cHL have been utilized, and the therapeutic strategies of HDACis combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been raised. It is critical for improving the efficacy and decreasing the toxicity in treating the patients with cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanchun Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ahmadi N, Gao K, Chia N, Kwon MS, Palme CE, Gupta R, Clark J. Association of PD-L1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma with smoking, sex, and p53 expression. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:631-638. [PMID: 31495715 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and PD-L1 expression, and smoking, and p53 expression. STUDY DESIGN Histologic review of archival slides of patients with OSCC, obtained from the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute database from 1995 to 2015, was undertaken with tissue microarray construction and immunohistochemistry to identify PD-L1 and p53 expression. RESULTS Of the 255 patients identified, PD-L1 expression was observed in 70 (27.5%) and more commonly in females (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; P = .005). PD-L1 expression of 1% or greater was associated with p53 expression (P = .019) and associated with absence of smoking (P = .06). PD-L1 expression, at 1%, was not significantly associated with overall survival (P = .482), disease-specific survival (P = .864), and disease-free survival (P = .731). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that PD-L1 expression of 1% or greater is more frequent in OSCC in females, nonsmokers, and in patients with p53-positive OSCC. These findings have important implications for immune therapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ahmadi
- Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Kan Gao
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Noel Chia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Min Sung Kwon
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carsten E Palme
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Li J, Zhang XH, Bei SH, Feng L. PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists in gastric cancer: Current studies and perspectives. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:101-109. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints release suppressive signals for T cells, which enable the tumors to escape from immune destruction and provide a new concept that uses the capabilities of the immune system as a therapeutic target for tumors. At present, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has become the most promising therapeutic target. PD-1/PD-L1 blockades exhibit long-lasting antitumor efficacy and safety in patients with various cancers, such as melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Moreover, PD-L1 is highly expressed in the peripheral blood and tumor specimens of patients with cancer, and the expression of PD-L1 is positively correlated with various pathological features and may serve as a predictor of poor prognosis or a diagnostic tool. Clinical trials have verified that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy benefits patients with advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Furthermore, there are many molecules involved in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and the modification of these molecules via drugs and combinations with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastric cancer. In this review, the efficacy, safety, and possible combination treatment options of PD-1/PD-L1 in gastric cancer are reviewed in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Song-Hua Bei
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Li Feng
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
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Dahl O, Brydøy M. The pioneers behind immune checkpoint blockers awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine 2018. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1-8. [PMID: 30698061 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1555375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olav Dahl
- Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Brydøy
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Huang W, Wei X, Wei Y, Feng R. Biology of Tumor Associated Macrophages in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:947-952. [PMID: 30403536 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor associated microenvironment is known to play a vital role during the development and progression of different malignant tumors. As a part of tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial for the genesis, proliferation, metastasis, and survival of tumor cells. Recently, more and more studies showed that TAMs were related with poor clinical status and survival in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Considering the complex roles which TAMs play in the tumor microenvironment of DLBCL, the aim of this study was to review the biological mechanisms between TAMs and DLBCL cells, including extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis promotion, tumor promotion, immune suppression, and phagocytosis inhibition. This review will help us to further understand the comprehensive impact of TAMs on DLBCL and explore possible prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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Dada R, Zabani Y. Nivolumab induces impressive responses in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma: Single institutional experience. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:1586-1589. [PMID: 30253728 DOI: 10.1177/1078155218800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer can escape the immune system through different mechanisms. One such mechanism is the expression of program death ligand-1 which binds to PD-1 receptor on activated T cells, subsequently leading to inhibition of the immune response against cancer cells. Nivolumab is a novel antibody that binds to PD-1 and prevents such immune tolerance. Two recently published controlled clinical trials confirmed the clinical efficacy of single-agent nivolumab in pretreated patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We treated 10 heavily pretreated patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma with the new novel PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab. We report on the outcome and safety of this agent in these patients. RESULTS After four cycles, the response rate was 80%. Seven of 10 gained complete metabolic remission. No serious adverse events were observed. The available literature is being reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Pretreated classical Hodgkin lymphoma is amenable to novel immunotherapy. Nivolumab induces clinically meaningful responses with excellent tolerability. The drug enriches our treatment options by reviving the response of the immune system against cancer. Further controlled studies are needed to determine the effectiveness on a large patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyad Dada
- 1 King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,2 College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Zabani
- 3 College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Huang R, Zhang X, Min Z, Shadia AS, Yang S, Liu X. MGCD0103 induces apoptosis and simultaneously increases the expression of NF-κB and PD-L1 in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3827-3834. [PMID: 30344659 PMCID: PMC6176203 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At present there is no consensus on the treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) following relapse. The aim of the present study was to access the class I-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (HDACI) MGCD0103 on the expression levels of Bcl-2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in CHL, to explore the possible therapeutic value of MGCD0103 in combined relative target drugs for patients with CHL. In L1236 and L428 cell lines, apoptosis and cell cycle stage were identified using flow cytometry, and the effects of HDACI on CHL were assessed in terms of Bcl-2, NF-κB and PD-L1 expression levels, which were detected by western blotting and co-focusing experiments. The results demonstrated that MGCD0103 could induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, down-regulate Bcl-2 and increase NF-κB and PD-L1 expression levels in L1236 and L428 cell lines. MGCD0103 decreases Bcl-2 levels and upregulates PD-L1, which indicates that the combined use of HDACIs and a PD-L1 inhibitor in theory may improve treatment outcomes in patients with CHL. MGCD0103 may also up-regulate NF-κB, which seems to induce resistance towards anti-apoptotic drugs. Clinical trials combining HDACIs with NF-κB and/or PD-L1 inhibitors should be designed to further improve treatment outcomes for patients with CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Abdelbari Sophia Shadia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Shun'e Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Guo LL, Wang GC, Li PJ, Wang CM, Liu LB. Recombinant adenovirus expressing a dendritic cell-targeted melanoma surface antigen for tumor-specific immunotherapy in melanoma mice model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5394-5402. [PMID: 29844804 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors represent a potential strategy for the treatment of human malignant tumors. Currently, recombinant adenovirus vectors are commonly used as gene therapy vehicles, as it possesses a proven safety profile in normal human cells. The recombinant adenovirus system has an ability to highly express exogenous genes and increase the stability of the carrier, which is only transiently expressed in the host cell genome, without integrating. Malignant melanoma cells are produced by the skin, and melanocyte tumors that exhibit higher malignant degrees lead to earlier transfer and higher mortality. In the present study, a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) was generated to express Anti-programmed death-1 (rAd-Anti-PD-1) and used to investigate the efficacy in melanoma cells and tumors. The results demonstrated that B16-F10 cell growth was significantly inhibited and the apoptosis incidence rate was markedly promoted following rAd-PD-1 treatment. The present study demonstrated that the production of α and β interferon was increased, which led to the induction of dendritic cell (DCs) maturation in rAd-anti-PD-1-treated mice. The present study indicated that rAd-anti-PD-1 exhibited the ability to generate more cluster of differentiation (CD)4+CD8+ T cells and induce a PD-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte through DC-targeted surface antigens in mice. This resulted in a further enhanced recognition of melanoma cells due to DCs being targeted by the rAd-anti-PD-1-encoded PD-1. Notably, mice treated with the rAd-anti-PD-1-targeted PD-1 demonstrated an improved protection compared with tumor-bearing mice from the challenge group treated with a recombinant gutless adenovirus and Anti-PD-1. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that targeting the melanoma surface antigens via the rAd-anti-PD-1-infected tumor cells enhanced the ability of recombinant adenovirus to induce a potent tumor-inhibitory effect and antigen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Cheng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jie Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Bo Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Feng YC, Ji WL, Yue N, Huang YC, Ma XM. The relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and DNA mismatch repair in cervical cancer and its clinical significance. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:105-113. [PMID: 29403308 PMCID: PMC5783151 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s152232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to recent clinical observations, deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) is capable of improving antitumor effects of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, suggesting that dMMR may act as a prognostic indicator of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs. In this study, we examined the dMMR and PD-1/PD-L1 expression, as well as explored the correlation of dMMR status with PD-1/PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer patients, in order to optimize cervical cancer patient selection for PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drug treatment, which is helpful to avoid adverse effects and keep costs manageable. Methods Sixty-six tissue samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma were collected, and data of their clinical characteristics were also gathered. Based on these samples, the expression levels of MLH1, MSH2, and PD-L1 in cancer cells were tested by immunohistochemical assay (IHC). Moreover, PD-1/PD-L1 expression in tumor-invading lymphocytes (TILs) was detected by IHC as well. Six single-nucleotide-repeat markers of microsatellite instability (MSI), including NR-27, MONO-27, BAT-25, NR-24, NR-21, and BAT-26, were tested by capillary electrophoresis sequencer analysis. According to expression of MLH1, MSH2 and the MSI test, all 66 cases were divided into dMMR or proficient DNA mismatch repair (pMMR) groups. The comparisons of dMMR and PD-L1 in cancer cells and of PD-1/PD-L1 in TILs were conducted categorized by age, childbearing history, history of abortion, ethnicity, and cancer cell differentiation subgroup. Furthermore, PD-L1 levels in cancer cells and PD-1/PD-L1 in TILs were analyzed and compared in both dMMR and pMMR subgroups. Results Of the patient samples, 25.8% were associated with dMMR. PD-L1 in cancer cells, PD-L1 in TILs, and PD-1 in TILs took up 59.1%, 47.0%, and 60.6%, respectively. The data indicated that both dMMR and PD-L1 overexpression resulted from lower cancer differentiation, more incidences of childbearing, and a history of abortion. Abortion could significantly increase PD-1 expression levels in TILs. Additionally, more incidence of childbearing or older age (35–55 years) was able to upregulate PD-L1 expression in TILs. Statistical difference of PD-L1 in cancer cells could be observed between dMMR and pMMR subgroups. In the dMMR group, PD-L1 in cancer cells and PD-1 in TILs had no correlation (rs=0.161, p=0.537), but in the pMMR group, they had good correlation (rs=0.645, p<0.001). Conclusion According to prior studies and our own experiments, PD-L1 in both cancer cells and TILs and PD-1 in TILs are widely observed in cervical cancer patients, indicating that there may be potential to apply PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs in cervical cancer. dMMR patients are associated with higher PD-L1 expression compared with pMMR ones, which suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs may work well in dMMR cervical cancer patients. Moreover, in patients with more incidences of childbearing or abortion, dMMR may be a molecular detection target for clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun Feng
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.,Clinical Laboratory Center
| | - Wen-Li Ji
- Clinical Pathology Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yue
- Clinical Pathology Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiu-Min Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
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The role of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 agents in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: The future is now. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:52-62. [PMID: 28427522 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints inhibitors have been incorporated into standard treatment protocols for advanced solid tumors. The aim of T-cell-based immune therapy in cancer has been to generate durable clinical benefits for patients, paired with enhanced side effect profiles. The beneficial antitumoral activity of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been thoroughly demonstrated in certain metastatic malignancies (e.g. melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma); however, the therapeutic role in lymphoid cancers is complex. Nonetheless, the striking clinical activity seen in early clinical trials of various subtypes of relapsed lymphoma have paved the way for these exciting innovative therapeutic alternatives in these tumors. In this article we assess the literature on the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and describe future strategies involving these new anticancer agents in this lymphoid neoplasm.
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12
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Chan TSY, Luk TH, Lau JSM, Khong PL, Kwong YL. Low-dose pembrolizumab for relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: high efficacy with minimal toxicity. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:647-651. [PMID: 28138786 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Five patients with refractory/relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), four having failed multiple lines of chemotherapy and brentuximab vedotin, were treated with low-dose pembrolizumab (median dose 100 mg, range: 100-200 mg, every 3 weeks). Complete response (CR) was achieved in four patients (80%), after a median cumulative dose of merely 495 (300-800) milligrams. Three CR patients have continued to receive pembrolizumab for a median of 16 (14-25) cycles, remaining in CR for a median of 18 (9-18) months. One CR patient underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has remained in CR for 9 months. Partial response (PR) was achieved in one patient (20%), after a cumulative dose of 400 mg. The overall response rate was therefore 100% (CR: 80%; PR: 20%). Toxicity was virtually absent, with only grade 1 diarrhea and eczema each observed in one patient. Low-dose pembrolizumab was highly efficacious, achieving responses with minimal toxicity and at much lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Y Chan
- Department of Medicine, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsan-Hei Luk
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - June S M Lau
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pek-Lan Khong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Judd J, Dulaimi E, Li T, Millenson MM, Borghaei H, Smith MR, Al-Saleem T. Low Level of Blood CD4 + T Cells Is an Independent Predictor of Inferior Progression-free Survival in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 17:83-88. [PMID: 28027895 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating immune cells influence diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) outcomes. Relatively little, however, is known about the significance of peripheral blood immune cell numbers on DLBCL behavior. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, 43 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL had pretreatment multiparameter peripheral blood flow cytometry performed to assess the immune cell numbers. These cell numbers were correlated with the outcomes of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. RESULTS After follow-up period of 0.8 to 152 months (median, 73), 25 patients (56%) were still alive. As continuous variables on univariate analysis, the predictors of PFS were patient age and absolute CD4 cell count (ACD4C), with the International Prognostic Index (IPI) marginally significant. Age was also a significant predictor of overall survival, and the IPI and ACD4C were marginally significant (P = .08). The 17 patients with a greater ACD4C (≥ 450/mm3) had better 5-year PFS than the 26 with a low ACD4C (88% vs. 50%; P = .02). Multivariable analysis, including age as a continuous variable, IPI group, and ACD4C of 450/mm3 showed that age and ACD4C were significant for PFS (P = .01 and P = .02, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data, although from a small series, suggest that the blood ACD4C might be a predictor of PFS for patients with DLBCL, independent of age and the IPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Judd
- Department of Internal Medicine Residency, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Essel Dulaimi
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Hossein Borghaei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mitchell R Smith
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
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