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Roczo D, Alford V, Trainer A, DeFazio A, Pearn A, Delaney C, Cotter M, Hegarty S. Self-reported awareness of genetic testing, the impact of family history, and access to clinical trials for people diagnosed with ovarian cancer in Australia. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 54:101427. [PMID: 38989471 PMCID: PMC11233906 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the understanding of people diagnosed with ovarian cancer regarding genetic testing; to understand knowledge gaps among people diagnosed with ovarian cancer that may impact best practice care; and to monitor overall changes in understanding from 2015 to 2022. Design Longitudinal 'opt-in' study using an online survey tool at three timepoints: 2015, 2018 and 2022. Participants People in Australia (or their families / caregivers) diagnosed with ovarian cancer between 2010 and 2022). Main outcome measures Self-reported awareness of heritable risk factors for ovarian cancer, genetic testing approaches and participation in clinical trials. Results The study indicated that there have been improvements in the understanding and awareness of people diagnosed with ovarian cancer regarding familial risk (an increase from 43.6% (45 of 149) in 2015 to 62.9% (166 of 264) in 2022); but people were less likely to be aware of the difference between somatic (tumour) and germline testing (120 of 266, 45.1%). However, there were self-reported improvements to clinical trial access in non-metropolitan areas (12 of 64, 18.8% in 2022 compared to 22 of 145, 15.2% in 2018), bringing it on par with metropolitan areas (32 of 169, 18.9% in 2022). Conclusions Despite improved awareness about genetic testing among people diagnosed with ovarian cancer, there remain knowledge gaps in understanding of genetic testing types (germline and somatic) and gene variant targeted therapies; and further work to improve clinical trial awareness and access is required.
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Feng Z, Chen S, An N, Xiu Z, Ju X, Chen X, Bi R, Wang J, Zhu S, Wu X, Wen H. Germline Mutational Landscape and Novel Targetable RAD51D Variant in Chinese Patients With Ovarian Cancer. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300454. [PMID: 38905575 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants of ovarian cancer (OV) show ethnic differences, but data from the Chinese population are still insufficient. Here, we elucidate the inheritance landscape in Chinese patients with OV and examine the functional implications of a Chinese-enriched RAD51D variant. METHODS Between 2015 and 2018, 373 consecutive patients with OV were prospectively enrolled. Variants of BRCA1/2, other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. An enriched RAD51D variant was identified, and its functional effects were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, transwell migration, and drug sensitivity assays. RESULTS Overall, 31.1% (116/373) of patients had at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variant. BRCA1 and BRCA2 accounted for 16.09% and 5.36%, respectively, with one patient having both variants. In addition, 32 (8.58%) patients carried other HRR gene variants, whereas three (0.8%) patients had MMR gene variants. The RAD51D variant ranked third (8/373, 2.1%), and its rate was much higher than that in other populations. Remarkably, all eight patients harbored the RAD51D K91fs variant (c.270_271dup, p.Lys91Ilefs*13) and demonstrated satisfactory platinum response and favorable prognosis. This variant confers enhanced sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in OV cells. However, the effects on platinum sensitivity were inconsistent across different cell lines. Against the background of the TP53 variant, RAD51D K91fs variant showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the inheritance landscape of OV and identified an enriched RAD51D variant in Chinese patients with OV. This can serve as an important reference for OV management and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Feng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na An
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihui Xiu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingzhu Ju
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Malik N, Sahu B. Counselling and management of women with genetic predisposition to gynaecological cancers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 294:44-48. [PMID: 38215600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature with reference to counselling and management of women with genetic predisposition to gynaecological cancers. METHODS Histochemical analysis, ultrasound, blood investigations, genetic testing, screening and risk-reducing surgery (RRS) are important tools for the management of gynaecological cancers and mortality reduction. Counselling can assist in timely management of gynaecological cancers. Systematic reviews, review articles, observational studies and clinical trials on PubMed, published in the English language, were included in this review. RESULTS The management of women with genetic predisposition to gynaecological cancers through screening tests and RRS has led to a significant decrease in the risk of malignancy through RRS in cases with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. RRS and screening have also been found to reduce the mortality rate and increase the survival rate in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. The efficacy of endometrial cancer surveillance in women with Lynch syndrome is still unproven. RRS has not been reported to be effective in women with Cowden syndrome. The risk of ovarian malignancies in individuals with germline mutations remains minimal in the general population in comparison with genetic mutations. CONCLUSION Genetic testing and RRS should be implemented in addition to genetic counselling for proper management and mortality reduction of women predisposed to gynaecological cancers.
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Cohen SY, Stoll CR, Anandarajah A, Doering M, Colditz GA. Modifiable risk factors in women at high risk of breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:45. [PMID: 37095519 PMCID: PMC10123992 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors (alcohol, smoking, obesity, hormone use, and physical activity) affect a woman's breast cancer (BC) risk. Whether these factors affect BC risk in women with inherited risk (family history, BRCA1/2 mutations, or familial cancer syndrome) remains unclear. METHODS This review included studies on modifiable risk factors for BC in women with inherited risk. Pre-determined eligibility criteria were used and relevant data were extracted. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 93 eligible studies. For women with family history, most studies indicated that modifiable risk factors had no association with BC and some indicated decreased (physical activity) or increased risk (hormonal contraception (HC)/menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), smoking, alcohol). For women with BRCA mutations, most studies reported no association between modifiable risk factors and BC; however, some observed increased (smoking, MHT/HC, body mass index (BMI)/weight) and decreased risk (alcohol, smoking, MHT/HC, BMI/weight, physical activity). However, measurements varied widely among studies, sample sizes were often small, and a limited number of studies existed. CONCLUSIONS An increasing number of women will recognize their underlying inherited BC risk and seek to modify that risk. Due to heterogeneity and limited power of existing studies, further studies are needed to better understand how modifiable risk factors influence BC risk in women with inherited risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y. Cohen
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Carolyn R. Stoll
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Akila Anandarajah
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Michelle Doering
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Graham A. Colditz
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
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Ghose A, Bolina A, Mahajan I, Raza SA, Clarke M, Pal A, Sanchez E, Rallis KS, Boussios S. Hereditary Ovarian Cancer: Towards a Cost-Effective Prevention Strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912057. [PMID: 36231355 PMCID: PMC9565024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. The search for a widely affordable and accessible screening strategy to reduce mortality from OC is still ongoing. This coupled with the late-stage presentation and poor prognosis harbours significant health-economic implications. OC is also the most heritable of all cancers, with an estimated 25% of cases having a hereditary predisposition. Advancements in technology have detected multiple mutations, with the majority affecting the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes. Women with BRCA mutations are at a significantly increased lifetime risk of developing OC, often presenting with a high-grade serous pathology, which is associated with higher mortality due to its aggressive characteristic. Therefore, a targeted, cost-effective approach to prevention is paramount to improve clinical outcomes and mortality. Current guidelines offer multiple preventive strategies for individuals with hereditary OC (HOC), including genetic counselling to identify the high-risk women and risk-reducing interventions (RRI), such as surgical management or chemoprophylaxis through contraceptive medications. Evidence for sporadic OC is abundant as compared to the existing dearth in the hereditary subgroup. Hence, our review article narrates an overview of HOC and explores the RRI developed over the years. It attempts to compare the cost effectiveness of these strategies with women of the general population in order to answer the crucial question: what is the most prudent clinically and economically effective strategy for prevention amongst high-risk women?
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London SG1 4AB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Anita Bolina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Ishika Mahajan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Cancer Centre, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Syed Ahmer Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Miranda Clarke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Abhinanda Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, IQ City Medical College and Narayana Hospital, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Kathrine Sofia Rallis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki—Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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LaFargue CJ, Handley KF, Fleming ND, Nick AM, Chelariu-Raicu A, Fellman B, Castellano T, Ogasawara A, Hom-Tedla M, Blake EA, da Costa AABA, Crim AK, Rauh-Hain A, Westin SN, Coleman RL, Matsuo K, Baiocchi G, Hasegawa K, Moore K, Sood AK. Clinical analysis of pathologic complete responders in advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:82-89. [PMID: 35216808 PMCID: PMC8969169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical characteristics of patients who attained pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and to identify specific predictive or prognostic factors associated with pCR. METHODS Two distinct populations of patients who underwent NACT followed by interval tumor reductive surgery (TRS) were used in this retrospective study. The first contained 472 patients from a single institution. The second contained only pCR patients (67); those identified from population one, plus 44 obtained through collaborative institutions. Cox analysis and log-rank tests were performed to assess associations between clinical characteristics and pCR outcome, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The median RFS and OS in our pCR-only population was 24.2 and 80.8 months, respectively, with a median follow-up time of 32.4 months. In our single institution population, 23 patients attained pCR (4.9%) and had longer RFS compared to non-pCR patients with viable microscopic, optimal, or suboptimal residual disease (24.3 vs. 12.1 vs. 11.6 vs. 9.6 months, p = 0.025, 0.012, 0.008, respectively), and longer OS compared to those with optimal or suboptimal residual disease (54.5 vs. 29.4 vs. 25.7 months, p = 0.027, 0.007, respectively). Patients were more than three-fold likely to attain pCR if their CA125 value was normal at the time of surgery (OR 3.54, 95% CI: 1.14-11.05, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Women with pCR after NACT have significantly longer RFS compared to those with residual viable tumor at the time of interval tumor-reductive surgery, and CA125 is plausible biomarker for identifying these extreme responders preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J LaFargue
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Katelyn F Handley
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nicole D Fleming
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alpa M Nick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tara Castellano
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Aiko Ogasawara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Marianne Hom-Tedla
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Erin A Blake
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Aleia K Crim
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Rauh-Hain
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Glauco Baiocchi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America.
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Sandru F, Petca A, Dumitrascu MC, Petca RC, Carsote M. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Skin manifestations and endocrine anomalies (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1387. [PMID: 34650635 PMCID: PMC8506952 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare autosomal dominant serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11)/ liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene-related genodermatosis, is characterized by oral hyperpigmentation (OHP); multiple gastro-intestinal mucosal benign hamartomatous polyps causing local bleeding, occlusion, intussusception, post-resection small bowel syndrome, associated increased risk of small intestinal cancer (incidence during the third decade); and 76% cumulative higher risk than the global population of developing non-gastrointestinal tumors (female predominance) including ovarian/testicular neoplasia, pancreatic and gynecologic (breast, uterus, ovarian) cancers. Suggestive PJS-associated OHP requires STK11 genetic testing. Abdominal pain in an OHP patient may be related to PJS-associated polyps. Other features include focal depigmentation followed by hyperpigmentation, and xeroderma pigmentosum-like lesions. The severity of the dermatological findings is correlated with gastrointestinal polyps. The STK11 gene is linked to reserve of primordial follicles, polycystic ovary syndrome, female fertility, and spermatogenesis. PJS is associated with 2 types of ovarian sex-cord stroma tumors (SCSTs): annular tubules (SCTATs) and pure Sertoli cell tumors. SCSTs accounts for 8% of ovarian cancer and SCTATs represents 2% of SCST, which may be associated with the overproduction of progesterone. PJS-SCTAT vs. non-PJS-SCTAT reveals bilateral/multifocal, small tumors with a benign behavior vs. a unique ovarian, large tumor with increased malignant/metastasis risk. Male precocious puberty is due to large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs). Notably, 30-40% of LCCSCTs are caused by PJS or Carney complex. PJS-LCCSCT is not aggressive, but it may be bilateral/multifocal, with the ultrasound hallmark being micro-calcifications. Testicular, intra-tubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell tumor is the second testicle neoplasia in PJS. The skin and mucosal lesions are useful markers of PJS, assisting with the early identification of hamartomatouspolyps and initiation of serial surveillance of ovarian, or testicular neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Sandru
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Elias’ Emergency Hospital, 022461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Urology, ‘Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele’ Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, ‘C. I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
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Mukand NH, Zolekar A, Ko NY, Calip GS. Risks of Second Primary Gynecologic Cancers following Ovarian Cancer Treatment in Asian Ethnic Subgroups in the United States, 2000-2016. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2220-2229. [PMID: 32856609 PMCID: PMC10772992 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential occurrence of second primary cancers by race following ovarian cancer is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the incidence of second primary gynecologic cancers (SPGC) following definitive therapy for ovarian cancer. Specifically, we aimed to determine differences in SPGC incidence by Asian ethnic subgroups. METHODS We identified 27,602 women ages 20 years and older and diagnosed with first primary epithelial ovarian cancer between 2000 and 2016 who received surgery and chemotherapy in 18 population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program registries. We compared the incidence of SPGC with expected incidence rates in the general population of women using estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The incidence of SPGC was lower among White women (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89), and higher among Black (SIR = 1.80; 95% CI, 0.96-3.08) and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women (SIR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.07-2.93). Increased risk of vaginal cancers was observed among all women, although risk estimates were highest among API women (SIR = 26.76; 95% CI, 5.52-78.2) and were also significant for risk of uterine cancers (SIR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.35-4.33). Among API women, only Filipinas had significantly increased incidence of SPGC overall including both uterine and vaginal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Risk of SPGC following treatment of ovarian cancer differs by race and ethnicity, with Filipina women having the highest rates of second gynecologic cancers among Asian women. IMPACT Ensuring access and adherence to surveillance may mitigate ethnic differences in the early detection and incidence of second gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita H Mukand
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashwini Zolekar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Naomi Y Ko
- Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory S Calip
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois.
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Flatiron Health, New York, New York
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BRCA1, Ki67, and β-Catenin Immunoexpression Is Not Related to Differentiation, Platinum Response, or Prognosis in Women With Low- and High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 28:437-447. [PMID: 29465506 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of BRCA1, Ki67, and β-catenin in women with low-grade (LGSOC) and high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) and their relationship with clinicopathological features, response to platinum-based chemotherapy, and survival. METHODS For this study, 21 LGSOC and 85 HGSOC stage I to IV cases, diagnosed and treated from 1996 to 2013 and followed-up until December 2016, were included. BRCA1, Ki67, and β-catenin expression was assessed using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Women with HGSOC were significantly more likely to have advanced-stage disease (P < 0.001), higher CA125 levels (P < 0.001), postsurgery residual disease (P < 0.01), and higher rates of disease progression and recurrence (P = 0.001). The percentage of women with HGSOC whose tumors expressed Ki67 was significantly higher compared with women with LGSOC (P < 0.001). The expression of BRCA1 and β-catenin did not differ between LGSOC and HGSOC (P = 0.12 and P = 1.00, respectively). The clinicopathological features and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy did not differ according to the BRCA1, Ki67, and β-catenin expression in either group. In HGSOC, only International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage was independently associated with poor survival (PFS and OS). CONCLUSIONS Ki67 expression was significantly higher in HGSOC. BRCA1 and β-catenin expression did not differ between LGSOC and HGSOC samples. BRCA1, Ki67, and β-catenin expression was neither related to clinicopathological features, response to platinum-based chemotherapy, nor survival. Only International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage remained associated with poor survival in women with HGSOC.
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Lockley M, Stoneham SJ, Olson TA. Ovarian cancer in adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27512. [PMID: 30350916 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of ovarian cancer in adolescents and young adults is always challenging. Many issues exist, and most important of these may be access to care with an appropriate provider. A range of histologies occur in the ovaries, and their frequency changes markedly as patients progress from adolescence to young adulthood. The very curable germ cell tumors of adolescence slowly give way to aggressive carcinomas, which require a different treatment approach. Special consideration is needed for treatment of toxicity. In an ideal world, centers consisting of pediatric, medical, and gynecological oncologists may be the most appropriate to care for these complex and diverse patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lockley
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara J Stoneham
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Olson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Ramos MCDA, Folgueira MAAK, Maistro S, Campolina AG, de Soárez PC, de Bock GH, Novaes HMD, Diz MDPE. Cost effectiveness of the cancer prevention program for carriers of the BRCA1/2 mutation. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52:94. [PMID: 30517521 PMCID: PMC6280621 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost effectiveness of the diagnostic program for the germline mutation in BRCA1/2 genes and of preventative strategies for the relatives of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer associated with this mutation. METHODS The study analyzed the cost effectiveness by developing an analysis of the Markov decision process from the perspective of the National Health System. The strategies compared reflect upon the adoption of genetic testing and preventative strategies for relatives or the usual care currently proposed. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed in terms of cost per case avoided. The sensitivity analysis was performed in a univariate and deterministic manner. RESULTS The study showed increments for effectiveness and for costs when performing genetic testing and adopting prophylactic measures for family members. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated at R$908.58 per case of cancer avoided, a figure considered lower than the study's cost-effectiveness threshold (R$7,543.50). CONCLUSIONS The program analyzed should be considered a cost-effective strategy for the national situation. Studies in various other countries have reached similar conclusions. One possible ramification of this research might the need to perform a budgetary-impact analysis of making the program one of the country's health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Aparecida Azevedo Koike Folgueira
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Hospital das Clínicas. Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Simone Maistro
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Hospital das Clínicas. Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alessandro Gonçalves Campolina
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Hospital das Clínicas. Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Patricia Coelho de Soárez
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Geertruida Hendrika de Bock
- University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen. Department of Epidemiology. Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Del Pilar Estevez Diz
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Hospital das Clínicas. Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Divisão de Oncologia Clínica. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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12
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Eliade M, Skrzypski J, Baurand A, Jacquot C, Bertolone G, Loustalot C, Coutant C, Guy F, Fumoleau P, Duffourd Y, Arnould L, Delignette A, Padéano MM, Lepage C, Raichon-Patru G, Boudrant A, Bône-Lépinoy MC, Villing AL, Charpin A, Peignaux K, Chevrier S, Vegran F, Ghiringhelli F, Boidot R, Sevenet N, Lizard S, Faivre L. The transfer of multigene panel testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer to healthcare: What are the implications for the management of patients and families? Oncotarget 2018; 8:1957-1971. [PMID: 27779110 PMCID: PMC5356770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, the molecular diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) was mostly based on BRCA1/2 testing. Next generation sequencing and the recent discovery of new genes involved in HBOC now permit the transfer of genomic capture targeting multiple candidate genes from research to clinical use. However, the implications for the management of patients and their families have not been extensively studied, in particular since some of these genes are not well-established cancer predisposing genes. We studied 583 consecutive patients from Burgundy (France) fulfilling the criteria for BRCA testing using a next generation sequencing 25-genes panel including 20 well-established high-risk cancer genes as well as more recently identified predisposing HBOC cancer. A pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation was found in 51 patients (9%). Besides, we found 37 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in 10 different high to low-risk genes in 34 patients (6%). The most frequently mutated genes were CHEK2 (n = 12; 2%), ATM (n = 9; 1.5%), and PALB2 (n = 4; 0.6%). Three patients had a mutation in two different predisposing genes. The analysis of clinical actionability conducted in mutation-positive individuals revealed that additional disease-specific screening and/or prevention measures beyond those based on personal and family history alone had been recommended in 69% of cases. In conclusion, multigene panel testing is a powerful tool to identifying high to low-risk HBOC susceptibility genes. The penetrance and spectrum of cancers with these other genes are sometimes undefined, and further collaborative work is crucial to address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Eliade
- Centre of Genetic, Children Hospital, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Jeremy Skrzypski
- Oncogenetic Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Amandine Baurand
- Centre of Genetic, Children Hospital, CHU, Dijon, France.,Oncogenetic Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Jacquot
- Centre of Genetic, Children Hospital, CHU, Dijon, France.,Oncogenetic Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Geoffrey Bertolone
- Centre of Genetic, Children Hospital, CHU, Dijon, France.,Oncogenetic Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | | | - Charles Coutant
- Gynecological Surgery, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France.,Burgundy Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - France Guy
- Radiology Unit, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Fumoleau
- Medical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France.,Burgundy Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | | | - Laurent Arnould
- Biology and Tumor Pathology Department, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Côme Lepage
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, François Mitterand Hospital, CHU, Dijon, France.,Burgundy Franche-Comté University, INSERM LNC UMR866, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karine Peignaux
- Radiotherapy Unit, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Sandy Chevrier
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Vegran
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Medical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | | | - Sarab Lizard
- Biology and Tumor Pathology Department, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre of Genetic, Children Hospital, CHU, Dijon, France.,Oncogenetic Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc Centre, Dijon, France
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13
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Sheng X, Zhong Y, Lu C, Peng J, Yu H, Guo J. Clinical study of hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome in Shandong province, East China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 141:234-239. [PMID: 29359324 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome (HOCS) in Shandong province, East China. METHODS The present retrospective study assessed the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis among patients with HOCS treated at Shandong Cancer Hospital, China, between January 1, 2008, and January 31, 2016. Data from women with primary ovarian cancer who met HOCS diagnostic criteria (genetic-disease group) were compared with data from a control group of 100 women with sporadic ovarian cancer (sporadic-disease group) identified using simple random sampling. RESULTS Among 1247 records of primary ovarian cancer during the study period, 96 (7.7%) women from 77 pedigrees had HOCS (genetic-disease group), and 65 of these pedigrees had sufficient data available for inclusion. In the genetic-disease group, 55 (85%) and 10 (15%) women inherited the disease through the maternal and paternal lines, respectively. Age of onset was earlier in the genetic-disease group compared with the sporadic-disease group (P=0.016), the proportion of mucinous adenocarcinoma was lower in the genetic-disease group (P=0.006), and the genetic-disease group had higher 3-year (P=0.036) and 5-year (P=0.035) survival rates. CONCLUSION HOCS exhibited maternal lineage primarily, and featured an early age of onset, advanced disease (stage III), serous adenocarcinoma, and a better prognosis after comprehensive treatment (including surgery, chemotherapy, and occasionally radiotherapy) relative to sporadic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugui Sheng
- Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Gynecology Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jingwei Peng
- Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China.,University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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14
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Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal malignancy of the female genital tract. Population-based trials in the general population have not demonstrated that screening improves early detection or survival. Therefore, application of prevention strategies is vital to improving outcomes from this disease. Surgical prevention reduces risk and prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is the most effective means to prevent ovarian carcinoma in the high-risk patient although the risks do not outweigh the benefits in average risk patients. Other surgical and medical options have unknown or limited efficacy in the high-risk patient. In this review, we define the patient at high risk for ovarian cancer, discuss how to identify these women and weigh their available ovarian cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Temkin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Bergstrom
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Goli Samimi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lori Minasian
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Pinto R, Assis J, Nogueira A, Pereira C, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Rethinking ovarian cancer genomics: where genome-wide association studies stand? Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1611-1625. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow the finding of genetic variants associated with several traits. Regarding ovarian cancer (OC), 15 GWAS have been conducted since 2009, with the discovery of 49 SNPs associated with disease susceptibility and 46 with impact in the clinical outcome of patients (p < 5.00 × 10-2). Among them, 14 variants reached the genome-wide significance (p < 5.00 × 10−8). Despite the results obtained, they should be validated in independent sets. So far, five validation studies have been conducted which could confirm the association of 12 OC susceptibility SNPs. Consequently, post-GWAS studies are crucial unravel the biological plausibility of GWAS’ findings and the allelic spectrum of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios. 4° piso, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–4072, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios. 4° piso, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–4072, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios. 4° piso, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–4072, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios. 4° piso, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–4072, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Center for Health technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios. 4° piso, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–4072, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League AgainstCancer (NRNorte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, 6657, 4200-172, Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, FernandoPessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Geng Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Wang W, Cui X, Ye K, Xiao X, Wang J. An improved burden-test pipeline for identifying associations from rare germline and somatic variants. BMC Genomics 2017. [PMID: 29513197 PMCID: PMC5657102 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying rare germline and somatic variants associated with cancer progression is an important research topic in cancer genomics. Although many approaches are proposed for rare variant association study, they are not fit for cancer sequencing data due to multiple issues, such as overly relying on pre-selection, losing sight of interacting hotspots, etc. RESULTS In this article, we propose an improved pipeline to identify germline variant and somatic mutation interactions influencing cancer susceptibility from pair-wise cancer sequencing data. The proposed pipeline, RareProb-C performs an algorithmic selection on the given variants by incorporating the variant allelic frequencies. The interactions among the variants are considered within the regions which are limited by a four-gamete test. Then it filters singular cases according to the posterior probability at each site. Finally, it outputs the selected candidates that pass a collapse test. CONCLUSIONS We apply RareProb-C on a series of carefully constructed simulation cases and it outperforms six existing genetic model-free approaches. We also test RareProb-C on 429 TCGA ovarian cancer cases, and RareProb-C successfully identifies the known highlighted variants which are considered increasing disease susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Geng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Zhongmeng Zhao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Data Science and Information Quality, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health Big Data, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xuanping Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Data Science and Information Quality, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health Big Data, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenke Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingjian Cui
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Data Science and Information Quality, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health Big Data, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Ye
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Data Science and Information Quality, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health Big Data, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Institute of Data Science and Information Quality, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health Big Data, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- School of Management, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Data Science and Information Quality, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health Big Data, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Nair N, Bellcross C, Haddad L, Martin M, Matthews R, Gabram-Mendola S, Crane B, Meaney-Delman D. Georgia Primary Care Providers' Knowledge of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:119-124. [PMID: 26637472 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is an inherited condition associated with mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) genes. Identification of individuals with HBOC requires that primary care providers understand the genetic principles required to appropriately collect family history and refer individuals for genetic evaluation. A survey was developed and administered to primary care providers in Georgia to assess their existing knowledge of HBOC and direct targeted educational efforts.We found that Georgia providers demonstrate some knowledge of basic genetic principles but were unable to consistently identify individuals at risk for HBOC. Knowledge deficits included lack of understanding of inheritance patterns and failure to recognize the significance of ovarian cancer history. Strategies for improving identification of patients with HBOC include increasing provider knowledge and integrating HBOC risk assessment tools into practice. Identification of individuals at risk is the critical first step in the process of reducing incidence of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Nair
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Haddad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Roland Matthews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | - Dana Meaney-Delman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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18
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Shi T, Wang P, Xie C, Yin S, Shi D, Wei C, Tang W, Jiang R, Cheng X, Wei Q, Wang Q, Zang R. BRCA1andBRCA2mutations in ovarian cancer patients from China: ethnic-related mutations inBRCA1associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2051-2059. [PMID: 28176296 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Shi
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pan Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Caixia Xie
- Shanghai Topgen Bio-Pharm Co, Ltd; Shanghai China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Di Shi
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | | | - Wenbin Tang
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham NC
| | - Qing Wang
- Plateforme de génomique des cancers; Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de la génétique constitutionnelle HCL-CLB; Lyon France
| | - Rongyu Zang
- Ovarian Cancer Program; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
- Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
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19
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Weren RDA, Mensenkamp AR, Simons M, Eijkelenboom A, Sie AS, Ouchene H, van Asseldonk M, Gomez-Garcia EB, Blok MJ, de Hullu JA, Nelen MR, Hoischen A, Bulten J, Tops BBJ, Hoogerbrugge N, Ligtenberg MJL. Novel BRCA1 and BRCA2 Tumor Test as Basis for Treatment Decisions and Referral for Genetic Counselling of Patients with Ovarian Carcinomas. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:226-235. [PMID: 27767231 PMCID: PMC5248611 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the recent introduction of Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors, a promising novel therapy has become available for ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients with inactivating BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in their tumor. To select patients who may benefit from these treatments, assessment of the mutation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the tumor is required. For reliable evaluation of germline and somatic mutations in these genes in DNA derived from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue, we have developed a single‐molecule molecular inversion probe (smMIP)‐based targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Our smMIP‐based NGS approach provides analysis of both strands of the open reading frame of BRCA1 and BRCA2, enabling the discrimination between real variants and formalin‐induced artefacts. The single molecule tag enables compilation of unique reads leading to a high analytical sensitivity and enabling assessment of the reliability of mutation‐negative results. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) were used to detect exon deletions of BRCA1 and methylation of the BRCA1 promoter, respectively. Here, we show that this combined approach allows the rapid and reliable detection of both germline and somatic aberrations affecting BRCA1 and BRCA2 in DNA derived from FFPE OCs, enabling improved hereditary cancer risk assessment and clinical treatment of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert D A Weren
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Simons
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Eijkelenboom
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aisha S Sie
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hicham Ouchene
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Asseldonk
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gomez-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW - School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW - School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne A de Hullu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel R Nelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bulten
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Watson CH, Ulm M, Blackburn P, Smiley L, Reed M, Covington R, Bokovitz L, Tillmanns T. Video-assisted genetic counseling in patients with ovarian, fallopian and peritoneal carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:109-112. [PMID: 27416795 PMCID: PMC9813871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the proportion of patients with ovarian, fallopian or peritoneal carcinoma who receive genetic testing after observing a genetic counseling video versus after traditional referral for genetic counseling and testing at physician discretion. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients seen at the West Cancer Center for evaluation of ovarian, fallopian or peritoneal carcinoma from 7/2014 to 8/2015. Patients seen between 7/2014 and 12/2014 were offered standard genetic counseling. We adopted a new standard of care from 3/2015 to 8/2015 involving the use of a genetic counseling video on a digital tablet. The video was shown to patients with ovarian, fallopian or peritoneal cancer, who were then given the option to undergo genetic testing at the end of the viewing. We compared the number and proportion of patients who received genetic testing in both groups. RESULTS The initial group of 267 patients received referral and te\sting at the physician's discretion between 8/2014 and 12/2014. 77/267 (29%) of these patients underwent genetic testing. 295 patients viewed the condensed genetic counseling video with the option to receive testing the same day between 3/2015 and 8/2015. 162/295 (55%) of these patients received testing. The transition from a referral method to the video counseling method resulted in a significant increase of patients tested (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Using a genetic counseling video and providing an immediate option for testing significantly increased the proportion of patients with ovarian, fallopian or peritoneal carcinoma who received genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Watson
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Department of OB/GYN, United States,Corresponding author at: University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 853 Jefferson Avenue, Rm E102, Memphis, TN 38163, United States. (C.H. Watson)
| | - Michael Ulm
- West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Patrick Blackburn
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Department of OB/GYN, United States
| | | | - Mark Reed
- West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Stoppa-Lyonnet D. The biological effects and clinical implications of BRCA mutations: where do we go from here? Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24 Suppl 1:S3-9. [PMID: 27514841 PMCID: PMC5141575 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour-suppressor genes encoding proteins that are essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR). Cells that lack either BRCA1 or BRCA2 repair these lesions by alternative, more error-prone mechanisms. Individuals carrying germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at highly elevated risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Genetic testing for germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has proved to be a valuable tool for determining eligibility for cancer screening and prevention programmes. In view of increasing evidence that the HR DNA repair pathway can also be disrupted by sequence variants in other genes, screening for other BRCA-like defects has potential implications for patient care. Additionally, there is a growing argument for directly testing tumours for pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other genes involved in HR-DNA repair as inactivation of these genes may be strictly somatic. Tumours in which HR-DNA repair is altered are most likely to respond to emerging targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of poly-ADP ribose polymerase. This review highlights the biological role of pathogenic BRCA mutations and other associated defects in DNA damage repair mechanisms in breast and ovarian cancer, with particular focus on implications for patient management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department de Génétique, Université Paris Descartes, Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Yard BD, Reilly NM, Bedenbaugh MK, Pittman DL. RNF138 interacts with RAD51D and is required for DNA interstrand crosslink repair and maintaining chromosome integrity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 42:82-93. [PMID: 27161866 PMCID: PMC4884500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The RAD51 family is integral for homologous recombination (HR) mediated DNA repair and maintaining chromosome integrity. RAD51D, the fourth member of the family, is a known ovarian cancer susceptibility gene and required for the repair of interstrand crosslink DNA damage and preserving chromosomal stability. In this report, we describe the RNF138 E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates the RAD51D HR protein. RNF138 is a member of an E3 ligase family that contains an amino-terminal RING finger domain and a putative carboxyl-terminal ubiquitin interaction motif. In mammalian cells, depletion of RNF138 increased the stability of the RAD51D protein, suggesting that RNF138 governs ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of RAD51D. However, RNF138 depletion conferred sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, reduced RAD51 focus formation, and increased chromosomal instability. Site-specific mutagenesis of the RNF138 RING finger domain demonstrated that it was necessary for RAD51D ubiquitination. Presence of RNF138 also enhanced the interaction between RAD51D and a known interacting RAD51 family member XRCC2 in a yeast three-hybrid assay. Therefore, RNF138 is a newly identified regulatory component of the HR mediated DNA repair pathway that has implications toward understanding how ubiquitination modifies the functions of the RAD51 paralog protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Yard
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nicole M Reilly
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael K Bedenbaugh
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29615, USA
| | - Douglas L Pittman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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23
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Synchronous Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor and Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor Present in a Female With Hyperandrogenism. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2016; 35:554-560. [PMID: 27167674 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the ileum are generally slow-growing tumors with metastatic potential that may cause systemic symptoms from the secretion of serotonin, cortisol, and other biologically active substances. Likewise, steroid cell tumors of the ovary are slow-growing tumors that cause systemic symptoms from the functional production of androgens, estrogens, and other hormones. To the best of our knowledge, synchronous ileal NET and ovarian steroid cell tumors have not been previously reported in the English literature. We present a case of a 59-yr-old woman with 2 primary tumors that were found incidentally: a Stage III (T2N1M0) 1.6 cm well-differentiated NET (NET G2) of the terminal ileum with metastasis to a mesenteric lymph node and a 2.4 cm steroid cell tumor of the left ovary. The patient had suffered from hyperandrogenism for several years before diagnosis of an ovarian steroid cell tumor, but had no symptoms attributable to the NET. From review of the literature, this is the first case description of these 2 primaries arising in the same individual.
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer, consisting mainly of ovarian carcinoma, is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Improvements in outcome for patients with advanced-stage disease are limited by intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance and by tumor heterogeneity at different anatomic sites and along disease progression. Molecules and cellular pathways mediating chemoresistance appear to be different for the different histological types of ovarian carcinoma, with most recent research focusing on serous and clear cell carcinoma. This review discusses recent data implicating various biomarkers in chemoresistance in this cancer, with focus on studies in which clinical specimens have been central.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- a Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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25
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Kanchi KL, Johnson KJ, Lu C, McLellan MD, Leiserson MDM, Wendl MC, Zhang Q, Koboldt DC, Xie M, Kandoth C, McMichael JF, Wyczalkowski MA, Larson DE, Schmidt HK, Miller CA, Fulton RS, Spellman PT, Mardis ER, Druley TE, Graubert TA, Goodfellow PJ, Raphael BJ, Wilson RK, Ding L. Integrated analysis of germline and somatic variants in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 5:3156. [PMID: 24448499 PMCID: PMC4025965 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first large-scale exome-wide analysis of the combined germline-somatic landscape in ovarian cancer. Here we analyse germline and somatic alterations in 429 ovarian carcinoma cases and 557 controls. We identify 3,635 high confidence, rare truncation and 22,953 missense variants with predicted functional impact. We find germline truncation variants and large deletions across Fanconi pathway genes in 20% of cases. Enrichment of rare truncations is shown in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. In addition, we observe germline truncation variants in genes not previously associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility (NF1, MAP3K4, CDKN2B and MLL3). Evidence for loss of heterozygosity was found in 100 and 76% of cases with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 truncations, respectively. Germline-somatic interaction analysis combined with extensive bioinformatics annotation identifies 222 candidate functional germline truncation and missense variants, including two pathogenic BRCA1 and 1 TP53 deleterious variants. Finally, integrated analyses of germline and somatic variants identify significantly altered pathways, including the Fanconi, MAPK and MLL pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna L Kanchi
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2]
| | - Kimberly J Johnson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA [3] Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA [4]
| | - Charles Lu
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2]
| | - Michael D McLellan
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mark D M Leiserson
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Department of Mathematics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Qunyuan Zhang
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mingchao Xie
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Cyriac Kandoth
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Joshua F McMichael
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - David E Larson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Heather K Schmidt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - Robert S Fulton
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Todd E Druley
- 1] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Timothy A Graubert
- 1] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Li Ding
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [4] Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Early Detection: Challenges for the Advanced Practice Nurse. Semin Oncol Nurs 2015; 31:306-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Davidson B, Tropé CG. Ovarian cancer: diagnostic, biological and prognostic aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:519-33. [PMID: 25335543 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, owing to late detection, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance and remarkable heterogeneity. Despite optimization of surgical and chemotherapy protocols and initiation of clinical trials incorporating targeted therapy, only modest gains have been achieved in prolonging survival in this cancer. This review provides an update of recent developments in our understanding of the etiology, origin, diagnosis, progression and treatment of this malignancy, with emphasis on clinically relevant genetic classification approaches. In the authors' opinion, focused effort directed at understanding the molecular make-up of recurrent and metastatic ovarian cancer, while keeping in mind the unique molecular character of each of its histological types, is central to our effort to improve patient outcome in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
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Janatova M, Soukupova J, Stribrna J, Kleiblova P, Vocka M, Boudova P, Kleibl Z, Pohlreich P. Mutation Analysis of the RAD51C and RAD51D Genes in High-Risk Ovarian Cancer Patients and Families from the Czech Republic. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127711. [PMID: 26057125 PMCID: PMC4461297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have conferred that the RAD51C and RAD51D genes, which code for the essential proteins involved in homologous recombination, are ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility genes that may explain genetic risks in high-risk patients. We performed a mutation analysis in 171 high-risk BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative OC patients, to evaluate the frequency of hereditary RAD51C and RAD51D variants in Czech population. The analysis involved direct sequencing, high resolution melting and multiple ligation-dependent probe analysis. We identified two (1.2%) and three (1.8%) inactivating germline mutations in both respective genes, two of which (c.379_380insG, p.P127Rfs*28 in RAD51C and c.879delG, p.C294Vfs*16 in RAD51D) were novel. Interestingly, an indicative family cancer history was not present in four carriers. Moreover, the ages at the OC diagnoses in identified mutation carriers were substantially lower than those reported in previous studies (four carriers were younger than 45 years). Further, we also described rare missense variants, two in RAD51C and one in RAD51D whose clinical significance needs to be verified. Truncating mutations and rare missense variants ascertained in OC patients were not detected in 1226 control samples. Although the cumulative frequency of RAD51C and RAD51D truncating mutations in our patients was lower than that of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, it may explain OC susceptibility in approximately 3% of high-risk OC patients. Therefore, an RAD51C and RAD51D analysis should be implemented into the comprehensive multi-gene testing for high-risk OC patients, including early-onset OC patients without a family cancer history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Stribrna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Boudova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pohlreich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Minion LE, Dolinsky JS, Chase DM, Dunlop CL, Chao EC, Monk BJ. Hereditary predisposition to ovarian cancer, looking beyond BRCA1/BRCA2. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 137:86-92. [PMID: 25622547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic predisposition to ovarian cancer is well documented. With the advent of next generation sequencing, hereditary panel testing provides an efficient method for evaluating multiple genes simultaneously. Therefore, we sought to investigate the contribution of 19 genes identified in the literature as increasing the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in a BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative population of patients with a personal history of breast and/or ovarian cancer by means of a hereditary cancer panel. METHODS Subjects were referred for multi-gene panel testing between February 2012 and March 2014. Clinical data was ascertained from requisition forms. The incidence of pathogenic mutations (including likely pathogenic), and variant of unknown significance were then calculated for each gene and/or patient cohort. RESULTS In this cohort of 911 subjects, panel testing identified 67 mutations. With 7.4% of subjects harboring a mutation on this multi-gene panel, the diagnostic yield was increased, compared to testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations alone. In the ovarian cancer probands, the most frequently mutated genes were BRIP1 (n=8; 1.72%) and MSH6 (n=6; 1.29%). In the breast cancer probands, mutations were most commonly observed in CHEK2 (n=9; 2.54%), ATM (n=3; 0.85%), and TP53 (n=3; 0.85%). CONCLUSIONS Although further studies are needed to clarify the exact management of patients with a mutation in each gene, this study highlights information that can be captured with panel testing and provides support for incorporation of panel testing into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Minion
- Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jill S Dolinsky
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States
| | - Dana M Chase
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Charles L Dunlop
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Chao
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bradley J Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
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Sopik V, Akbari M, Narod S. Genetic testing forRAD51Cmutations: in the clinic and community. Clin Genet 2015; 88:303-12. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sopik
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
| | - M.R. Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
| | - S.A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
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Al Bakir M, Gabra H. The molecular genetics of hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancer: implications for the future. Br Med Bull 2014; 112:57-69. [PMID: 25473022 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous condition with poor survival outcomes. The genetics of hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancers will be covered and its implications to management and future research are discussed. SOURCES OF DATA Key recent published literature. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of EOC. Most EOCs develop sporadically and are divided into low-grade/genetically stable type I tumours and high-grade/genetically unstable type II tumours. The commonest hereditary syndromes are hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC-BRCA mutations) and Lynch syndrome (DNA mismatch repair mutations). AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The different histological types of EOC may not solely originate from the ovary but from the fallopian tube and endometriosis deposits; there is increasing evidence to support this. GROWING POINTS Our understanding of the genetics and frequencies of mutations in ovarian cancer is expanding. The proportion of heritable EOC is larger than previously estimated and not all patients have a clear family history for this. Mutations in genes involving the downstream BRCA signalling pathway have recently been implicated in HBOC. TP53 mutations are the single most commonly identified mutations in aggressive sporadic high-grade serous carcinomas, affecting essentially 100% of such tumours. Furthermore, there is increasing recognition that the different histological sub-types need to be treated as separate entities. AREAS FOR TIMELY RESEARCH Given how heterogeneous 'ovarian' cancer is, trials into new drugs should report responses for the different histo-/geno-types rather than simply using staging. Although the effect of new drugs such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are being investigated in ovarian cancer, there is still a need to develop targeted therapies-especially to tackle mutations in PI3 K pathway, RAS pathway and TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maise Al Bakir
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Esplin ED, Oei L, Snyder MP. Personalized sequencing and the future of medicine: discovery, diagnosis and defeat of disease. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:1771-1790. [PMID: 25493570 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for personalized sequencing to individually optimize medical treatment in diseases such as cancer and for pharmacogenomic application is just beginning to be realized, and the utility of sequencing healthy individuals for managing health is also being explored. The data produced requires additional advancements in interpretation of variants of unknown significance to maximize clinical benefit. Nevertheless, personalized sequencing, only recently applied to clinical medicine, has already been broadly applied to the discovery and study of disease. It is poised to enable the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of disease risk and occurrence, guide prevention and individualized intervention as well as facilitate monitoring of healthy and treated patients, and play a role in the prevention and recurrence of future disease. This article documents the advancing capacity of personalized sequencing, reviews its impact on disease-oriented scientific discovery and anticipates its role in the future of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Esplin
- 300 Pasteur Drive, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore BRCA mutation frequency and to evaluate its impact on prognosis of advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients treated with debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy.MethodsPatients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer were enrolled in a prospective, single-center study from September 2008 to December 2011. All cases were screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and BRCA1/2 wild-type patients.ResultsOne hundred seven patients were enrolled and screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; 51.4% patients were positive for BRCA1/2 gene mutation, 63.6% of which carried a single Baltic mutation, and 98.2% of them had serous histology. Older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.032; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010–1.055; P = 0.0047), nonoptimal cytoreduction (HR, 3.170; 95% CI, 1.986–5.060; P < 0.0001), and BRCA1/2 wild type (HR, 1.625 [1.003–2.632]; P = 0.0486) were significantly associated with shorter PFS in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Only the nonoptimal cytoreduction was a statistically significant risk factor for shorter overall survival (HR, 2.684; 95% CI, 1.264–5.701; P= 0.0102).ConclusionsAdvanced ovarian cancer patients harboring BRCA1/2 mutation treated with debulking surgery and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy have a longer PFS.
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Gutiérrez-Enríquez S, Bonache S, de Garibay GR, Osorio A, Santamariña M, Ramón y Cajal T, Esteban-Cardeñosa E, Tenés A, Yanowsky K, Barroso A, Montalban G, Blanco A, Cornet M, Gadea N, Infante M, Caldés T, Díaz-Rubio E, Balmaña J, Lasa A, Vega A, Benítez J, de la Hoya M, Diez O. About 1% of the breast and ovarian Spanish families testing negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 are carriers of RAD51D pathogenic variants. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2088-97. [PMID: 24130102 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RAD51D mutations have been recently identified in breast (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) families. Although an etiological role in OC appears to be present, the association of RAD51D mutations and BC risk is more unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of germline RAD51D mutations in Spanish BC/OC families negative for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. We analyzed 842 index patients: 491 from BC/OC families, 171 BC families, 51 OC families and 129 patients without family history but with early-onset BC or OC or metachronous BC and OC. Mutation detection was performed with high-resolution melting, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography or Sanger sequencing. Three mutations were found in four families with BC and OC cases (0.82%). Two were novel: c.1A>T (p.Met1?) and c.667+2_667+23del, leading to the exon 7 skipping and one previously described: c.674C>T (p.Arg232*). All were present in BC/OC families with only one OC. The c.667+2_667+23del cosegregated in the family with one early-onset BC and two bilateral BC cases. We also identified the c.629C>T (p.Ala210Val) variant, which was predicted in silico to be potentially pathogenic. About 1% of the BC and OC Spanish families negative for BRCA1/BRCA2 are carriers of RAD51D mutations. The presence of several BC mutation carriers, albeit in the context of familial OC, suggests an increased risk for BC, which should be taken into account in the follow-up and early detection measures. RAD51D testing should be considered in clinical setting for families with BC and OC, irrespective of the number of OC cases in the family.
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Meaney-Delman D, Bellcross CA. Hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome: a primer for obstetricians/gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013; 40:475-512. [PMID: 24021253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the diagnosis and clinical management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is essential for obstetricians/gynecologists. This article provides practical information regarding collecting a family history, cancer risk assessment and genetic testing, BRCA-associated cancer prognosis and treatment, screening recommendations, and prevention strategies. Through appropriate cancer risk assessment, women with BRCA1/2 mutations can be identified, and screening and prevention strategies can be used before a diagnosis of cancer occurs. Women's health providers with a strong working knowledge of HBOC are able to improve the quality of care for women and families impacted by BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Meaney-Delman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Miesfeldt S, Lamb A, Duarte C. Management of genetic syndromes predisposing to gynecologic cancers. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2013; 14:34-50. [PMID: 23315239 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-012-0215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Women with personal and family histories consistent with gynecologic cancer-associated hereditary cancer susceptibility disorders should be referred for genetic risk assessment and counseling. Genetic counseling facilitates informed medical decision making regarding genetic testing, screening, and treatment, including chemoprevention and risk-reducing surgery. Because of limitations of ovarian cancer screening, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-affected women are offered risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) between ages 35 and 40 years, or when childbearing is complete. Women with documented Lynch syndrome, associated with mutations in mismatch repair genes, should be screened at a young age and provided prevention options, including consideration of risk-reducing total abdominal hysterectomy and BSO, as well as intensive gastrointestinal screening. Clinicians caring for high-risk women must consider the potential adverse ethical, legal, and social issues associated with hereditary cancer risk assessment and testing. Additionally, at-risk family members should be alerted to their cancer risks, as well as the availability of risk assessment, counseling, and treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Miesfeldt
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Program, Maine Medical Center Cancer Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
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Hazard FK, Longacre TA. Ovarian Surface Epithelial Neoplasms in the Pediatric Population. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 37:548-53. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e318273a9ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Folkins AK, Longacre TA. Hereditary gynaecological malignancies: advances in screening and treatment. Histopathology 2012; 62:2-30. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Folkins
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford; CA; USA
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford; CA; USA
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