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Strong AL, Rohrich RJ, Tonnard PL, Vargo JD, Cederna PS. Technical Precision with Autologous Fat Grafting for Facial Rejuvenation: A Review of the Evolving Science. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:360-377. [PMID: 37159906 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The scientific study of facial aging has transformed modern facial rejuvenation. As people age, fat loss in specific fat compartments is a major contributor to structural aging of the face. Autologous fat grafting is safe, abundant, readily available, and completely biocompatible, which makes it the preferred soft-tissue filler in the correction of facial atrophy. The addition of volume through fat grafting gives an aging face a more youthful, healthy, and aesthetic appearance. Harvesting and preparation with different cannula sizes and filter-cartridge techniques have allowed for fat grafts to be divided based on parcel size and cell type into three major subtypes: macrofat, microfat, and nanofat. Macrofat and microfat have the benefit of providing volume to restore areas of facial deflation and atrophy in addition to improving skin quality; nanofat has been shown to improve skin texture and pigmentation. In this article, the authors discuss the current opinions regarding fat grafting and how the evolving science of fat grafting has led to the clinical utility of each type of fat to optimize facial rejuvenation. The opportunity exists to individualize the use of autologous fat grafting with the various subtypes of fat for the targeted correction of aging in different anatomic areas of the face. Fat grafting has become a powerful tool that has revolutionized facial rejuvenation, and developing precise, individualized plans for autologous fat grafting for each patient is an important advancement in the evolution of facial rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Rod J Rohrich
- Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute
- Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - James D Vargo
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
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2
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Sun Y, Wu G, Dai T, Li S, Cao W, Dai T. Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel (SVF-Gel) Combined with Nanofat for Tear Trough Deformity. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:213-220. [PMID: 37957391 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tear trough deformity makes patients appear tired. Patients with less severe tear trough deformity prefer a less invasive method to correct the deformity. The infraorbital area is a multilayered tissue, and the aging of various components leads to tear trough deformity. To this end, we utilized the different characteristics of different fat derivatives to correct tear trough deformity. METHODS Thirty-two patients with Barton Grade I/II tear trough deformity were enrolled in this study between September 2020 and March 2021. We injected Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel (SVF-Gel) into the suborbicularis oculi fat layer and Nanofat into the subcutaneous. After 12 months of follow-up, we evaluated the changes using standardized clinical photogrammetric techniques, volume, global aesthetic improvement scale, and patient self-evaluation. RESULTS There were no major complications in any of the 32 patients. The measured data points demonstrated improvements in all aesthetic parameters. The width of the tear trough and the distance from the pupil to the tear trough improved. The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) showed a high score (2.45±0.64 points), with patient self-assessment showing satisfactory results. CONCLUSION SVF-Gel combined with Nanofat injection can effectively correct tear trough deformities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Sun
- Department of Wound Reconstructive Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoyang Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Department of Wound Reconstructive Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weigang Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, China.
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Li Z, Wang HC, Chen J, Li Y, Yu N, Xiao Y, Du F, Wang X, Huang J, Long X. Fat Grafting Reduces Skin Hyperpigmentation of Localized Scleroderma Patients: A Prospective Self-controlled Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:2084-2092. [PMID: 37592146 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized scleroderma (LS) is characterized by skin fibrosis, hyperpigmentation and soft tissue atrophy. Fat grafting has been widely used to correct LS deformity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fat grafting on the skin pigmentation of LS lesions. METHODS A prospective self-controlled study was conducted. Skin melanin and erythema indexes were measured by Mexameter® MX18 before and 3 months after surgery. Differences between lesions and contralateral normal sites were compared to evaluate changes induced by fat grafting. Localized Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tool and PUMC Localized Scleroderma Facial Aesthetic Index were used for clinical evaluation. RESULTS Fourteen frontal linear LS patients participated in the study. Before surgery, the melanin index of the lesions was significantly higher than the contralateral sites (p = 0.023), while the erythema indexes were not significantly different (p = 0.426). Three months post-operation, the melanin index of the lesions significantly decreased (p = 0.008). There was no significant change in the erythema index of the lesions before and after fat grafting (p = 0.322). The LoSCAT and PUMC LSFAI scores demonstrated improved disease condition and facial esthetics after surgery. CONCLUSION Fat grafting could alleviate skin hyperpigmentation and skin damage of LS lesions while having little effect on skin erythema and disease activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hayson Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiding Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhou Du
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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La Padula S, Ponzo M, Lombardi M, Iazzetta V, Errico C, Polverino G, Russo F, D'Andrea L, Hersant B, Meningaud JP, Salzano G, Pensato R. Nanofat in Plastic Reconstructive, Regenerative, and Aesthetic Surgery: A Review of Advancements in Face-Focused Applications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4351. [PMID: 37445386 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofat is a relatively novel technique in fat grafting that has gained significant interest in the fields of regenerative medicine, aesthetic and translational research. It involves the extraction of autologous fat from a patient, which is then transformed into "nanofat", consisting of small fat particles with a diameter of less than 0.1 mm and containing high concentrations of stem cells and growth factors. This article focuses on the use of nanofat in facial rejuvenation and its potential for lipomodelling. Fat tissue is a "stem cell depot" and nanofat contains many stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types. The Lipogem technology, developed in 2013, enables the isolation of nanofat with an intact perivascular structure, utilizing the high concentration of mesenchymal stromal cells near the pericytes of the adipose vascular system. Nowadays nanofat is used primarily for cosmetic purposes particularly in rejuvenating and improving the appearance of the skin, especially the face. Indeed, it has wide applicability; it can be used to treat fine lines, wrinkles, acne scars, sun-damaged skin, scar repair, and as an alopecia treatment. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of this technique. In conclusion, nanofat is a safe and minimally invasive option for tissue regeneration with considerable therapeutic potential. This study reviews the application and effects of nanofat in regenerative medicine and facial cosmetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone La Padula
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, University Paris, XII, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Martina Ponzo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Lombardi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iazzetta
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Errico
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Polverino
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Russo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Andrea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Hersant
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, University Paris, XII, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean Paul Meningaud
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, University Paris, XII, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosita Pensato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derivatives in modern dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1837-1852. [PMID: 35102608 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-mediated therapies in combination with biomaterial and growth factor-based approaches in regenerative medicine are rapidly evolving with increasing application beyond the dermatologic field. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the more frequently used adult stem cells due to their abundance and easy access. In the case of volumetric defects, adipose tissue can take the shape of defects, restoring the volume and enhancing the regeneration of receiving tissue. When regenerative purposes prevail on volume restoration, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in staminal cells, purified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or their cell-free derivatives grafting are favoured. The therapeutic efficacy of acellular approaches is explained by the fact that a significant part of the natural propensity of stem cells to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components. Therefore, the secretome's ability to modulate multiple targets simultaneously demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in reversing pathological mechanisms of complex conditions such atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, psoriasis, acne and Lichen sclerosus (LS), non-resolving wounds and alopecia. This review analysing both in vivo and in vitro models gives an overview of the clinical relevance of adipose tissue-derivatives such as autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, purified stem cells and secretome for skin disorders application. Finally, we highlighted the major disease-specific limitations and the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Lin TJ, Huang YL, Kang YN, Chen C. Effectiveness of Topical Conditioned Medium of Stem Cells in Facial Skin Nonsurgical Resurfacing Modalities for Antiaging: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 47:799-807. [PMID: 36396862 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Facial skin nonsurgical resurfacing modalities, including laser, chemical peeling, and microneedling, have become common due to increasing public concern about skin aging. The potential effect of stem cell conditioned medium (CM) for antiaging has been reported in recent years, and such medium may be able to improve the efficacy of resurfacing modalities. This study investigated the efficacy of topical CM combined with resurfacing in comparison with resurfacing alone. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2) to assess the risk of bias of the included studies and Review Manager (version 5.4) for data analysis. Means and standard deviations of outcomes, namely wrinkle, pigmentation, pore, and overall improvement, were extracted. After screening, we included five RCTs in the analysis, four of which were quantitatively analyzed. The result revealed that stem cell CM significantly reduced wrinkles (P = 0.0006), pigmentation (P = 0.004), and pores (P = 0.01) and improved overall skin condition (P < 0.0001). In summary, we suggest that stem cell CM is a safe treatment that can enhance the efficacy of facial skin nonsurgical resurfacing modalities.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jung Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 111 sec. 3 Xinlong Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Applications of Stem Cell Therapy and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Skin Repair. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-022-00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Chen J, Zheng Y, Hu C, Jin X, Chen X, Xiao Y, Wang C. Hair Graying Regulators Beyond Hair Follicle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839859. [PMID: 35283766 PMCID: PMC8908028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair graying is an interesting physiological alteration associated with aging and certain diseases. The occurrence is due to depigmentation of the hair caused by depletion and dysfunction of melanocyte stem cells (MeSCs). However, what causes the depletion and dysfunction of MeSCs remains unclear. MeSCs reside in the hair follicle bulge which provides the appropriate niche for the homeostasis of various stem cells within hair follicle including MeSCs. In addition to local signaling from the cells composed of hair follicle, emerging evidences have shown that nerves, adipocytes and immune cells outside of hair follicle per se also play important roles in the regulation of MeSCs. Here, we review the recent studies on different cells in the MeSCs microenvironment beyond the hair follicle per se, discuss their function in regulating hair graying and potentially novel treatments of hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Chen Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexiao Jin
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Ying Xiao,
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- *Correspondence: Chaochen Wang,
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Menkü Özdemir FD, Üstün GG, Vargel İ, Özgür FF. "Treatment of En Coup de Sabre Deformity with Fat Grafting and Demineralized Bone Matrix: A Case Series". J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:3353-3360. [PMID: 34417126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
En coup de sabre deformity (ECDS) is a form of localized scleroderma in the frontoparietal region caused by progressive subcutaneous tissue atrophy and bony defect. Although ECDS involves two layers, skin/subcutaneous tissue and bone, the existing literature mainly focuses only on treating the skin/subcutaneous tissue layer. In this case series, we aimed to propose a novel approach that includes the combined use of fat grafting and demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Four patients with ECDS deformity, operated between February 2016 and October 2018, were retrospectively evaluated. All the patients were treated with the novel approach. Patients were evaluated with localized scleroderma scale and computed tomography (CT) scan in the preoperative period and at the annual follow-up. We observed remarkable improvement in the localized scleroderma scale including appearance, palpation, and size scores in all patients at the annual follow-up. CT scans at the annual follow-up revealed new callus formation at the bony defect area in all patients. Reinforcing fat grafting with DBM could promote healing of the bony and skin/subcutaneous tissue defects associated with ECDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethiye Damla Menkü Özdemir
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Research and Application Center for the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Deformities, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Galip Gencay Üstün
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Research and Application Center for the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Deformities, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Vargel
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Research and Application Center for the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Deformities, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Figen Özgür
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Research and Application Center for the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Deformities, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Pattayadeekul T, Pawcsuntorn T, Nararatwanchai T. The efficacy and safety of autologous stromal vascular fraction transplantation for infraorbital skin rejuvenation: A clinical prospective study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:220-226. [PMID: 33720512 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stromal vascular fraction of fat tissue contributes to its rejuvenation properties. The stromal vascular fraction is a minimal processed cell population. Therefore, it is purportedly a suitable cell therapy for skin rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transplantation of autologous stromal vascular fraction to aging skin in the infraorbital region. PATIENTS/METHODS Nineteen patients were candidates for stromal vascular fraction isolation and transplantation. They underwent lipoaspiration of the abdomen to obtain samples of fat tissue. The stromal vascular fraction was thereafter harvested and transplanted in each infraorbital area. The patients' outcomes were measured and were based on surface evaluation of wrinkles, surface evaluation of scaliness, and melanin evaluation with a Mexameter. The red blood cell volume and skin elasticity were measured with an erythrometer and cutometer, respectively. RESULTS Three months and 6 months after autologous stromal vascular fraction transplantation, the elasticity, wrinkle, and pigmentation of the infraorbital skin improved significantly, but not surface evaluation of scaliness and erythema. The phenotype also improved in the infraorbital skin area, as evaluated by physicians. CONCLUSION The stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue represents an attractive cell source. In our study, preliminary data showed that clinical outcomes were also generally satisfactory with no serious adverse effects. Thus, stromal vascular fraction cells are safe for clinical rejuvenation use. We encourage future evidence-based controlled studies to maintain a strong focus on the efficacy and safety profile of stromal vascular fraction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak Pattayadeekul
- School of Anti Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanomkit Pawcsuntorn
- School of Anti Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Dermal Adipose Tissue Secretes HGF to Promote Human Hair Growth and Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1633-1645.e13. [PMID: 33493531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are immersed within dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), yet human adipocyte‒HF communication remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated how perifollicular adipocytes affect the physiology of human anagen scalp HFs. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry, X-ray microcomputed tomography, and transmission electron microscopy showed that the number and size of perifollicular adipocytes declined during anagen‒catagen transition, whereas fluorescence-lifetime imaging revealed increased lipid oxidation in adipocytes surrounding the bulge and/or sub-bulge region. Ex vivo, dWAT tendentially promoted hair shaft production, and significantly stimulated hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and HF pigmentation. Both dWAT pericytes and PREF1/DLK1+ adipocyte progenitors secreted HGF during human HF‒dWAT co-culture, for which the c-Met receptor was expressed in the hair matrix and dermal papilla. These effects were reproduced using recombinant HGF and abrogated by an HGF-neutralizing antibody. Laser-capture microdissection‒based microarray analysis of the hair matrix showed that dWAT-derived HGF upregulated keratin (K) genes (K27, K73, K75, K84, K86) and TCHH. Mechanistically, HGF stimulated Wnt/β-catenin activity in the human hair matrix (increased AXIN2, LEF1) by upregulating WNT6 and WNT10B, and inhibiting SFRP1 in the dermal papilla. Our study demonstrates that dWAT regulates human hair growth and pigmentation through HGF secretion, and thus identifies dWAT and HGF as important novel molecular and cellular targets for therapeutic intervention in human hair growth and pigmentation disorders.
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12
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The Paracrine Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Orchestrates Competition between Different Damaged Dermal Fibroblasts to Repair UVB-Induced Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8878370. [PMID: 33381190 PMCID: PMC7759414 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are the primary cells in skin and are associated with UVB-induced skin photoaging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been proposed as a treatment for skin aging. The goal of this study was to investigate paracrine mechanisms by which ASCs repair HDFs damage from UVB exposure. Methods ASCs were cocultured with UVB-irradiated and nonirradiated HDFs. We compared HDF senescence, proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression. In a nude mouse UVB-induced photoaging model, ASCs were injected subcutaneously, and skin samples were collected weekly between postoperative weeks 3 through 7. Histological analysis, PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the effect of ASCs. Results Compared with UVB-irradiated HDFs, nonirradiated HDFs showed higher proliferation and migration, reduced apoptosis, and fewer senescent cells when cocultured with ASCs. The expression of extracellular matrix-related cytokines was also regulated by ASCs. In addition, ASCs effectively reversed UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo. We propose that ASCs more robustly coordinate healthy HDFs than UVB-damaged HDFs to repair aging skin. Conclusions ASCs improved the function of both UVB-damaged and healthy HDFs through paracrine effects. However, the impact of ASCs on healthy HDFs was greater than UVB-damaged HDFs. These findings help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the skin rejuvenation effect of ASCs.
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13
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Skin Brightening Efficacy of Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells: A Prospective, Split-Face, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that stem cells and their derivatives, including conditioned media (CM), have inhibitory effects on skin pigmentation. However, evidence supporting the skin brightening effect of exosomes derived from stem cells is lacking. We studied the antipigmentation effect in vitro and skin brightening efficacy in vivo of exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASC-exosomes). Exosomes were isolated from the CM of ASCs using the tangential flow filtration method. ASC-exosomes reduced intracellular melanin levels in B16F10 melanoma cells regardless of the presence of the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The skin brightening efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing ASC-exosomes was assessed in human volunteers with hyperpigmentation in a prospective, split-face, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study. The ASC-exosome-containing formulation statistically decreased the melanin contents compared to the placebo control. However, the melanin-reduction activity was limited and diminished along with time. A further improvement in efficient transdermal delivery of ASC-exosomes will be helpful for more profound efficacy. In summary, these results suggest that ASC-exosomes can be used as a cosmeceutical for skin brightening.
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14
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Ziade G, Karam D. Emulsified fat and nanofat for the treatment of dark circles. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14100. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Ziade
- Faculty of Medicine American College of Surgeons, Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
| | - Desiree Karam
- Faculty of Medicine Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Mount Lebanon Lebanon
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15
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Subcutaneous Injections of Nanofat Adipose-derived Stem Cell Grafting in Facial Rejuvenation. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2550. [PMID: 32095390 PMCID: PMC7015601 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess whether our novel Nanofat grafting procedure improves skin quality while yielding a regenerative effect and whether this novel technique can also achieve a lifting effect. Methods Patients who requested nonsurgical facial rejuvenation were enrolled between June 2018 and December 2018. Fat was aspirated from the medial thigh, inner part of the knee, or lower abdomen regions. Following aspiration and flushing, microfat was obtained after washing with saline. This microfat was emulsified to obtain a Nanofat suspension, which was injected using a 25-G cannula into the subcutaneous layer at different facial sites. Images were obtained before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after facial rejuvenation. Patients were also administered a survey. Characterization of the isolated stromal vascular fraction (3 patients), and before/after biopsies were performed. Results Fifty patients were included (2 men and 48 women; mean age, 35-65 years; mean follow-up, 9 months). The clinical results were apparent between 2 and 4 weeks after injection, and improvements were continuously observed until 6 months postoperatively. All patients confirmed an improvement in skin quality. A lifting effect was also observed. The data confirm that the Nanofat procedure does not damage cells, maintaining cell viability, and number of adipose-derived stem cells. Biopsies showed an increased dermal cellularity, vascular density, and elastic and collagen fiber density. Conclusion Facial rejuvenation with subcutaneous Nanofat injections appears to be an effective method, representing a skin rejuvenation effect by modifying the pattern of the dermis, although additional studies are necessary.
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16
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Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Carvas M. Fat Grafting for Facial Rejuvenation with Nanofat Grafts. Clin Plast Surg 2020; 47:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Jung JA, Kim BJ, Kim MS, You HJ, Yoon ES, Dhong ES, Park SH, Kim DW. Protective Effect of Botulinum Toxin against Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Pigmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:347-356. [PMID: 31348342 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmentation following ultraviolet irradiation has cosmetic concerns. Botulinum toxin type A can favorably affect skin pigmentation. However, the mechanism of skin pigmentation is unclear. METHODS In vitro, human epidermal melanocytes were co-cultured with human keratinocytes. After cells were treated with botulinum toxin type A, cell morphology, proliferation, and dendricity were analyzed, and immunofluorescence, tyrosinase activity, and melanin contents were determined. To evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on ultraviolet B-irradiated mouse skin, ultraviolet B alone was applied to one side of the back of each mouse as a control, whereas ultraviolet B plus injection of botulinum toxin type A was applied to the contralateral side. Skin pigmentation, histology, and the number of dihydroxyphenylalanine-positive melanocytes were evaluated. The L* colorimeter value was measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determinations of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 were performed. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining revealed botulinum toxin type A in the cytoplasm of melanocytes and in the positive control. In vitro, melanocyte dendricity and melanin contents were decreased slightly but significantly (p < 0.05) after botulinum toxin type A treatment. In vivo, botulinum toxin type A suppressed skin pigmentation. The number of dihydroxyphenylalanine-positive melanocytes was also significantly lower than in the control side. Tyrosinase activity and melanin content were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Botulinum toxin type A also significantly reduced the amounts of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin type A can suppress epidermal melanogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-A Jung
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Min-Sook Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Hi-Jin You
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Eul-Sik Yoon
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Eun-Sang Dhong
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Seung-Ha Park
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
| | - Deok-Woo Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center
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18
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Zavala G, Sandoval C, Meza D, Contreras R, Gubelin W, Khoury M. Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells to functional CD105 neg CD73 low melanocyte precursors guided by defined culture condition. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 31399041 PMCID: PMC6688240 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The generation of functional human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) from stem cells provides an unprecedented source for cell-based therapy in vitiligo. Despite the important efforts exerted to obtain melanin-producing cells from stem cells, pre-clinical results still lack the safety and scalability characteristics essential for their translational application. Methods Here, we report a rapid and efficient protocol based on defined culture conditions capable of differentiating adult adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) to scalable amounts of proliferative melanocyte precursors (PreMel) within 30 days. PreMel were characterized in vitro through qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, biochemical assays, and in vivo assays in immunocompromised mice (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ, or NSG). Results After 30 days of differentiation, the stem cell-derived PreMel were defined as CD105neg CD73low according to immunophenotypic changes in comparison with parental stem cell markers. In addition, expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), active tyrosinase (TYR), and the terminal differentiation-involved premelanosome protein (PMEL) were detected. Furthermore, PreMel had the potential to synthesize melanin and package it into melanosomes both in vitro and in vivo in NSG mice skin. Conclusions This study proposes a rapid and scalable protocol for the generation of proliferative melanocyte precursors (PreMel) from ADSC. These PreMel display the essential functional characteristics of bona fide HEM, opening a new path for an autologous cellular therapy for vitiligo patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1364-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Zavala
- Consorcio Regenero, La Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Sandoval
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Meza
- Consorcio Regenero, La Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Contreras
- Cells for Cells, La Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Walter Gubelin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Consorcio Regenero, La Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Cells for Cells, La Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Wolf DA, Beeson W, Rachel JD, Keller GS, Hanke CW, Waibel J, Leavitt M, Sacopulos M. Mesothelial Stem Cells and Stromal Vascular Fraction for Skin Rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2018; 26:513-532. [PMID: 30213431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine and specifically facial rejuvenation is thought provoking and controversial. Today there is increased emphasis on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which translates into a need for a reliable source of stem cells in addition to biomaterial scaffolds and cytokine growth factors. Adipose tissue is currently recognized as an accessible and abundant source for adult stem cells. Cellular therapies and tissue engineering are still in their infancy, and additional basic science and preclinical studies are needed before cosmetic and reconstructive surgical applications can be routinely undertaken and satisfactory levels of patient safety achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wolf
- Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; EarthTomorrow, Inc, 1714 Neptune Lane, Houston, TX 77062, USA; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - William Beeson
- Facial Plastics, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | | | - Gregory S Keller
- Facial Plastics, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Facial Plastics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C William Hanke
- Dermatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Laser and Skin Center of Indiana, 13400 North Meridian Street, Suite 290, Carmel, IN 46032, USA; ACGME Micrographic Surgery, Dermatologic Oncology Fellowship Training Program, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jill Waibel
- Dermatology, Miami Dermatology and Laser Institute, 7800 Southwest 87th Avenue, Suite B200, Miami, FL 33173, USA; Baptist Hospital of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matt Leavitt
- Dermatology, Orlando, FL, USA; Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, The Hair Foundation, 260 Lookout Place Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA; University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Nova Southeastern University, 4850 Millenium Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32839, USA
| | - Michael Sacopulos
- Medical Risk Management, Medical Risk Institute, 676 Ohio Street, Terre Haute, IN 47807, USA
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20
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Hwang I, Hong S. Neural Stem Cells and Its Derivatives as a New Material for Melanin Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010036. [PMID: 29271951 PMCID: PMC5795986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pigment molecule, melanin, is produced from melanosomes of melanocytes through melanogenesis, which is a complex process involving a combination of chemical and enzymatically catalyzed reactions. The synthesis of melanin is primarily influenced by tyrosinase (TYR), which has attracted interest as a target molecule for the regulation of pigmentation or depigmentation in skin. Thus, direct inhibitors of TYR activity have been sought from various natural and synthetic materials. However, due to issues with these inhibitors, such as weak or permanent ability for depigmentation, allergy, irritant dermatitis and rapid oxidation, in vitro and in vivo, the development of new materials that inhibit melanin production is essential. A conditioned medium (CM) derived from stem cells contains many cell-secreted factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles including exosomes. In addition, the secreted factors could negatively regulate melanin production through stimulation of a microenvironment of skin tissue in a paracrine manner, which allows the neural stem cell CM to be explored as a new material for skin depigmentation. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regulating depigmentation, and discuss the potential of neural stem cells and their derivatives, as a new material for skin depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insik Hwang
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
| | - Sunghoi Hong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University Graduate School, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
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21
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Foubert P, Zafra D, Liu M, Rajoria R, Gutierrez D, Tenenhaus M, Fraser JK. Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cell therapy modulates development of hypertrophic scarring in a red Duroc porcine model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:261. [PMID: 29141687 PMCID: PMC5688645 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars (HTSs), a common consequence of deep-partial thickness injury, remain a significant clinical challenge. Previous studies from our group have shown that autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) represent a promising approach to improve wound healing and, thereby, impact HTS development. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of local delivery of ADRCs immediately following deep-partial thickness cutaneous injury on HTS development in the red Duroc (RD) porcine model. Methods Bilateral pairs of deep-partial thickness excisional wounds (2 mm depth; 58 cm2 area) were created using an electric dermatome on RD pigs (n = 12). Autologous ADRCs were isolated from the inguinal fat pad and then sprayed directly onto the wound at a dose of 0.25 × 106 viable cells/cm2. The paired contralateral wound received vehicle control. Wound healing and development of HTS were assessed over 6 months using digital imaging, quantitative measurement of skin hardness and pigmentation, and histology. Results Data showed that ADRC treatment led to reduced scar hyperpigmentation compared to control (p < 0.05). Using the Durometer, at 2 and 6 months post-injury, skin hardness was 10–20% lower in ADRCs-treated wounds compared to control vehicle (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed with the skin fibrometer. ADRC treatment promoted more normal collagen organization, improvement in the number of rete ridges (p < 0.01), longer elastic fiber length (p < 0.01), and reduced hypervascularity (blood vessel density; p < 0.05). ADRC treatment was associated with modulation of IL-6 expression within the wound/scar with upregulation 2 weeks after injury (wound healing phase) and downregulation at 2 months (early scarring phase) post-treatment compared to control Conclusions These findings support the potential therapeutic value of autologous ADRC administration for reduction of HTS development following deep-partial cutaneous injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0704-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Foubert
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Diana Zafra
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mike Liu
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mayer Tenenhaus
- UCSD Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John K Fraser
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
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22
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue in Clinical Applications for Dermatological Indications and Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010208. [PMID: 28117680 PMCID: PMC5297838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Operating at multiple levels of control, mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSCs) communicate with organ systems to adjust immune response, provide signals for differentiation, migration, enzymatic reactions, and to equilibrate the regenerative demands of balanced tissue homeostasis. The identification of the mechanisms by which ADSCs accomplish these functions for dermatological rejuvenation and wound healing has great potential to identify novel targets for the treatment of disorders and combat aging. Herein, we review new insights into the role of adipose-derived stem cells in the maintenance of dermal and epidermal homeostasis, and recent advances in clinical applications of ADSCs related to dermatology.
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23
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Amirkhani MA, Shoae-Hassani A, Soleimani M, Hejazi S, Ghalichi L, Nilforoushzadeh MA. Rejuvenation of facial skin and improvement in the dermal architecture by transplantation of autologous stromal vascular fraction: a clinical study. BIOIMPACTS 2016; 6:149-154. [PMID: 27853678 PMCID: PMC5108987 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction:
The rejuvenation characteristics of fat tissue grafting has been established for many years. Recently it has been shown that stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of fat tissue contributes to its rejuvenation properties. As the SVF is a minimal processed cell population (based on FDA guidance), therefore it is a suitable cell therapy for skin rejuvenation. This clinical trial was aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural improvement of aging skin in the facial nasolabial region after transplantation of autologous SVF.
Methods: Our study was conducted in 16 patients aged between 38 and 56 years old that were interested in face lifting at first. All of the cases underwent the lipoaspiration procedure from the abdomen for sampling of fat tissue. Quickly, the SVF was harvested from 100 mL of harvested fat tissue and then transplanted at dose of 2.0×107 nucleated cells in each nasolabial fold. The changes in the skin were evaluated using Visioface scanner, skin-scanner DUB, Visioline, and Cutometer with multi probe adopter.
Results: By administration of autologous SVF, the elasticity and density of skin were improved significantly. There were no changes in the epidermis density in scanner results, but we noticed a significant increase in the dermis density and also its thickness with enrichment in the vascular bed of the hypodermis. The score of Visioface scanner showed slight changes in wrinkle scores. The endothelial cells and mesenchymal progenitors from the SVF were found to chang the architecture of the skin slightly, but there was not obvious phenotypic changes in the nasolabial grooves.
Conclusion: The current clinical trial showed the modification of dermis region and its microvascular bed, but no changes in the density of the epidermis. Our data represent the rejuvenation process of facial skin by improving the dermal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Shoae-Hassani
- Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hejazi
- Skin and Stem cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ghalichi
- Skin and Stem cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fawzy MM, El Maadawi ZM, Hegazy RA, El Fatah NSA. Vitiligo - The story from within: A transmission electron microscopic study before and after narrow-band ultraviolet B. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40:265-75. [PMID: 27594347 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1218987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte loss is the main feature of vitiligo, but evidence refers to pathological multiplayers. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to further explore vitiligo before and after narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy. Skin biopsies were retrieved from lesional and perilesional skin and compared to normal control skin. Sections were examined for melanocytes and keratinocytes and the number of melanosomes and thickness of basal lamina were measured. In lesional skin, keratinocytes revealed two types of degeneration with a significant increase in the mean thickness of basal lamina and decrease in the number of melanosomes. After treatment, lesional and perilesional skin showed variable ultrastructural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Fawzy
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Zeinab M El Maadawi
- b Department of Histology & Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rehab A Hegazy
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Dermal Adipocytes: From Irrelevance to Metabolic Targets? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:1-10. [PMID: 26643658 PMCID: PMC4698208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has received little appreciation in the past as a distinct entity from the better recognized subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). However, recent work has established dWAT as an important contributor to a multitude of processes, including immune response, wound healing and scarring, hair follicle (HF) growth, and thermoregulation. Unique metabolic contributions have also been attributed to dWAT, at least in part due to its thermic insulation properties and response to cold exposure. Dermal adipocytes can also undergo an adipocyte-myofibroblast transition (AMT), a process that is suspected to have an important role in several pathophysiological processes within the skin. Here, we discuss emerging concepts regarding dWAT physiology and its significance to a variety of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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26
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Analysis of lncRNAs expression in UVB-induced stress responses of melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 81:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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