1
|
Elalouf A, Maoz H, Rosenfeld AY. Bioinformatics-Driven mRNA-Based Vaccine Design for Controlling Tinea Cruris Induced by Trichophyton rubrum. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:983. [PMID: 39204328 PMCID: PMC11357599 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinea cruris, a dermatophyte fungal infection predominantly caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum, primarily affects the groin, pubic region, and adjacent thigh. Its recurrence is frequent, attributable to repeated fungal infections in susceptible individuals, especially those with onychomycosis or tinea pedis, which act as reservoirs for dermatophytes. Given the persistent nature of tinea cruris, vaccination emerges as a promising strategy for fungal infection management, offering targeted, durable protection against various fungal species. Vaccines stimulate both humoral and cell-mediated immunity and are administered prophylactically to prevent infections while minimizing the risk of antifungal resistance development. Developing fungal vaccines is challenging due to the thick fungal cell wall, similarities between fungal and human cells, antigenic variation, and evolutionary resemblance to animals, complicating non-toxic target identification and T-cell response variability. No prior research has shown an mRNA vaccine for T. rubrum. Hence, this study proposes a novel mRNA-based vaccine for tinea cruris, potentially offering long-term immunity and reducing reliance on antifungal medications. This study explores the complete proteome of T. rubrum, identifying potential protein candidates for vaccine development through reverse vaccinology. Immunogenic epitopes from these candidates were mapped and integrated into multitope vaccines and reverse translated to construct mRNA vaccines. Then, the mRNA was translated and computationally assessed for physicochemical, chemical, and immunological attributes. Notably, 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase, CFEM domain-containing protein, cell wall galactomannoprotein, and LysM domain-containing protein emerged as promising vaccine targets. Antigenic, immunogenic, non-toxic, and non-allergenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte, helper T lymphocyte, and B lymphocyte epitopes were selected and linked with appropriate linkers and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants to formulate vaccine candidates targeting T. rubrum. The protein-based vaccines underwent reverse translation to construct the mRNA vaccines, which, after inoculation, were translated again by host ribosomes to work as potential components for triggering the immune response. After that, molecular docking, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation confirmed strong binding affinities and stable complexes between vaccines and TLR receptors. Furthermore, immune simulations of vaccines with and without adjuvant demonstrated activation of immune responses, evidenced by elevated levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgM antibodies, cytokines, and interleukins. There was no significant change in antibody production between vaccines with and without adjuvants, but adjuvants are crucial for activating the innate immune response via TLRs. Although mRNA vaccines hold promise against fungal infections, further research is essential to assess their safety and efficacy. Experimental validation is crucial for evaluating their immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Elalouf
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (H.M.); (A.Y.R.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sumrra SH, Zafar W, Imran M, Chohan ZH. A review on the biomedical efficacy of transition metal triazole compounds. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2059359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wardha Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Computational Drug Repurposing Resources and Approaches for Discovering Novel Antifungal Drugs against Candida albicans N-Myristoyl Transferase. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a yeast that is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and also identified as ubiquitous polymorphic species that is mainly linked with major fungal infections in humans, particularly in the immunocompromised patients including transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients, HIV-infected patients as well as in low-birth-weight infants. Systemic Candida infections have a high mortality rate of around 29 to 76%. For reducing its infection, limited drugs are existing such as caspofungin, fluconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B, etc. which contain unlikable side effects and also toxic. This review intends to utilize advanced bioinformatics technologies such as Molecular docking, Scaffold hopping, Virtual screening, Pharmacophore modeling, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the development of potentially new drug candidates with a drug-repurpose approach against Candida albicans within a limited time frame and also cost reductive.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cebeci YU, Ceylan S, Demirbas N, Karaoğlu ŞA. Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives Containing Tryptamine Skeleton and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200721010921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4-Triazole-3-one (3) obtained from tryptamine was transformed to the corresponding carbox(
thio)amides via several steps (6a-d). Their reaction with sodium hydroxide performed the 1,2,4-
triazole derivatives (7a-d). Compounds 7a-d treatment by 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanoneain an
ambiance with sodium ethoxide afforded the compounds (8a-d). The reduction reaction of 8a-d afforded
1,2,4-triazoles (9a-d). The synthesis of (10a-d), (11a-d) and (12a-d) was afforded treatment of
products 9a-d with 4-chlorobenzyl chloride (for 10a-d) or 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 11a-d) or
2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 12a-d). Besides the improved of entirely novel agents having various
chemical features than those of the existing ones, another aim is to combined two or more groups into a
single hybrid compound. For this reason, a single compound containing more than one group, each
with various modes of effect, could be helpful for the cure of bacterial infections. Microwave-assisted
and conventional techniques were utilized for the syntheses. The structures of recently obtained molecules
were elucidated on the foundation of 1H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT IR, EI MS methods and elemental
analysis. All novel synthesized molecules were investigated for their antimicrobial activity using MIC
(minimum inhibitory concentration) method. The aminoalkylation of triazoles (7a-d) formed products
8a-d which have excellent activity against testing bacteria with values between 0.24 and 125 μg/mL.
Especially compounds 8a and 8d exhibited much better activity against E. coli than ampicillin used as
standard drug. The microwave process ensured a more efficient road to the creation of desired molecules.
The antibacterial examination demonstrated that after the carbonyl group is increased the antibacterial
activity of the compounds is greatly increased. That's why molecules formed as a result of the
alkylation reactions of triazoles has high activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yıldız Uygun Cebeci
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon,Turkey
| | - Sule Ceylan
- Artvin Coruh University, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, 08000, Artvin,Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demirbas
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon,Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
History of the development of antifungal azoles: A review on structures, SAR, and mechanism of action. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
6
|
Wani F, Amaduddin, Aneja B, Sheehan G, Kavanagh K, Ahmad R, Abid M, Patel R. Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazolium Gemini Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Anti-Candida Activity. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11871-11879. [PMID: 31460297 PMCID: PMC6682078 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rise in antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic drug resistance, there is a desperate need to formulate newer as well as more effective agents. With this perspective, here we outline the synthesis of two novel gemini surfactants with different substitutions at the nitrogen atom of the benzimidazolium ring. Both the compounds induced significant reductions in Candida growth in various yeast strains. The reduction in Candida growth seemed likely through the reduction in ergosterol biosynthesis: a sterol constituent of yeast cell membranes. Different concentrations of both compounds were used to determine the cellular ergosterol content which indicates an important disordering of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Cytotoxic studies were carried out using HEK 293 (human embryonic-kidney cells) and Galleria mellonella larvae (an in vivo model of antimicrobial studies). Administration of both the compounds to G. mellonella larvae diseased by the yeast Candida albicans resulted in increased survival indicating their in vivo activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farooq
Ahmad Wani
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central
University), New Delhi 110025, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, and Department of
Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Amaduddin
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, and Department of
Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, and Department of
Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gerard Sheehan
- Department
of Biology, Maynooth University, Co Kildare 045, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department
of Biology, Maynooth University, Co Kildare 045, Ireland
| | - Rabia Ahmad
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, and Department of
Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, and Department of
Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central
University), New Delhi 110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Emami S, Ghobadi E, Saednia S, Hashemi SM. Current advances of triazole alcohols derived from fluconazole: Design, in vitro and in silico studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:173-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
8
|
Ben Yaakov D, Shadkchan Y, Albert N, Kontoyiannis DP, Osherov N. The quinoline bromoquinol exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in Aspergillus fumigatus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2263-2272. [PMID: 28475687 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Over the last 30 years, the number of invasive fungal infections among immunosuppressed patients has increased significantly, while the number of effective systemic antifungal drugs remains low. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize antifungal compounds that inhibit fungus-specific metabolic pathways not conserved in humans. Methods We screened a diverse compound library for antifungal activity in the pathogenic mould Aspergillus fumigatus . We determined the in vitro activity of bromoquinol by MIC determination against a panel of fungi, bacteria and cell lines. The mode of action of bromoquinol was determined by screening an Aspergillus nidulans overexpression genomic library for resistance-conferring genes and by RNAseq analysis in A. fumigatus . In vivo efficacy was tested in Galleria mellonella and murine models of A. fumigatus infection. Results Screening of a diverse chemical library identified three compounds interfering with fungal iron utilization. The most potent, bromoquinol, shows potent wide-spectrum antifungal activity that was blocked in the presence of exogenous iron. Mode-of-action analysis revealed that overexpression of the dba secondary metabolite cluster gene dbaD , encoding a metabolite transporter, confers bromoquinol resistance in A. nidulans , possibly by efflux. RNAseq analysis and subsequent experimental validation revealed that bromoquinol induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in A. fumigatus . Bromoquinol significantly reduced mortality rates of G. mellonella infected with A. fumigatus , but was ineffective in a murine model of infection. Conclusions Bromoquinol is a promising antifungal candidate with a unique mode of action. Its activity is potentiated by iron starvation, as occurs during in vivo growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Ben Yaakov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yana Shadkchan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathaniel Albert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu N, Tu J, Dong G, Wang Y, Sheng C. Emerging New Targets for the Treatment of Resistant Fungal Infections. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5484-5511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Discovery of simplified sampangine derivatives as novel fungal biofilm inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1510-1523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
11
|
Zacchino SA, Butassi E, Liberto MD, Raimondi M, Postigo A, Sortino M. Plant phenolics and terpenoids as adjuvants of antibacterial and antifungal drugs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 37:27-48. [PMID: 29174958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensive use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs has dramatically increased the microbial resistance and has led to a higher number of difficult-to-eradicate infections. Combination therapy with two or more antimicrobial drugs has emerged some years ago to overcome the issue, but it has proven to be not completely effective. Natural secondary metabolites of MW ≤ 500 represent promising adjuvants for antimicrobials and have been the object of several researches that have increased in the last two decades. PURPOSE The purpose of this Review is to do a literature search of the natural compounds that showed high enhancing capacity of antibacterials' and antifungals' effects against planktonic bacteria and fungi and to analyze which are the natural products most used in combination with a focus on polyphenols and terpenoids. RESULTS One hundred of papers were collected for reviewing. Fifty six (56) of them deal with combinations of low MW natural products with antibacterial drugs against planktonic bacteria and forty four (44) on natural products with antifungal drugs against planktonic fungi. Of the antibacterial adjuvants, 41 (73%) were either polyphenols (27; 48%) or terpenes (14; 25%). The remaining 15 papers (27%), deal with different class of natural products. Since most natural potentiators belong to the terpene or phenolic structural types, a more detailed description of the works dealing with these type of compounds is provided here. Bacterial and fungal resistance mechanisms, the modes of action of the main classes of antibacterial and antifungal drugs and the methodologies most used to assess the type of interactions in the combinations were included in the Review too. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Several promising results on the potentiation effects of antifungals' and antibacterials' activities by low MW natural products mainly on polyphenols and terpenes were reported in the literature and, in spite of that most works included only in vitro assays, this knowledge opens a wide range of possibilities for the combination antimicrobial therapy. Further research including in vivo assays and clinical trials are required to determine the relevance of these antimicrobial enhancers in the clinical area and should be the focus of future studies in order to develop new antimicrobial combination agents that overpass the drawbacks of the existing antibiotics and antifungals in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Estefania Butassi
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Melina Di Liberto
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Marcela Raimondi
- Area Microbiología, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Agustina Postigo
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; Área Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gontijo FDA, de Melo AT, Pascon RC, Fernandes L, Paes HC, Alspaugh JA, Vallim MA. The role of Aspartyl aminopeptidase (Ape4) in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence and authophagy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177461. [PMID: 28542452 PMCID: PMC5444613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survive and cause disease, microbial pathogens must be able to proliferate at the temperature of their infected host. We identified novel microbial features associated with thermotolerance in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans using a random insertional mutagenesis strategy, screening for mutants with defective growth at 37°C. Among several thermosensitive mutants, we identified one bearing a disruption in a gene predicted to encode the Ape4 aspartyl aminopeptidase protein. Ape4 metalloproteases in other fungi, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are activated by nitrogen starvation, and they are required for autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. However, none have been previously associated with altered growth at elevated temperatures. We demonstrated that the C. neoformans ape4 mutant does not grow at 37°C, and it also has defects in the expression of important virulence factors such as phospholipase production and capsule formation. C. neoformans Ape4 activity was required for this facultative intracellular pathogen to survive within macrophages, as well as for virulence in an animal model of cryptococcal infection. Similar to S. cerevisiae Ape4, the C. neoformans GFP-Ape4 fusion protein co-localized with intracytoplasmic vesicles during nitrogen depletion. APE4 expression was also induced by the combination of nutrient and thermal stress. Together these results suggest that autophagy is an important cellular process for this microbial pathogen to survive within the environment of the infected host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata C Pascon
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - J Andrew Alspaugh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Marcelo A Vallim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Emami S, Tavangar P, Keighobadi M. An overview of azoles targeting sterol 14α-demethylase for antileishmanial therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:241-259. [PMID: 28456033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The azole antifungal drugs are an important class of chemotherapeutic agents with broad-spectrum of activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi, act in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway through inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase. Azole antifungals have also been repurposed for treatment of tropical protozoan infections including human leishmaniasis. Recent advances in molecular biology and computational chemistry areas have increased our knowledge about sterol biochemical pathway in Leishmania parasites. Based on the importance of sterol biosynthetic pathway in Leishmania parasites, we reviewed all studies reported on azoles for potential antileishmanial therapy along their structural and biological aspects. This review may help medicinal chemists for design of new azole-derived antileishmanial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Pegah Tavangar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cordeiro RDA, de Melo CVS, Marques FJDF, Serpa R, Evangelista AJDJ, Caetano EP, Mafezoli J, de Oliveira MDCF, da Silva MR, Bandeira TDJPG, Moreira JLB, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of isoniazid-derived hydrazones against Coccidioides posadasii. Microb Pathog 2016; 98:1-5. [PMID: 27334293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a potentially severe infection caused by dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Although guidelines are well established, refractory disease is a matter of concern in the clinical management of coccidioidomycosis. In the present study three isoniazid-derived hydrazones N'-[(E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, and N'-[(E)-1-(phenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal activity against C. posadasii. Susceptibility assays were performed by macrodilution testing. Interactions between the hydrazones and amphotericin B or itraconazole were evaluated by the checkerboard method. We also investigated the impairment of such compounds on cell ergosterol and membrane integrity. The synthesized molecules were able to inhibit C. posadasii in vitro with MIC values that ranged from 25 to 400 μg/mL. Drug interactions between synthesized molecules and amphotericin B proved synergistic for the majority of tested isolates; regarding itraconazole, synergism was observed only when strains were tested against N'-[(E)-1-(phenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide. Reduction of cellular ergosterol was observed when strains were challenged with the hydrazones alone or combined with antifungals. Only N'-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide altered membrane permeability of C. posadasii cells. Isoniazid-derived hydrazones were able to inhibit C. posadasii cells causing reduction of ergosterol content and alterations in the permeability of cell membrane. This study confirms the antifungal potential of hydrazones against pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosana Serpa
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Erica Pacheco Caetano
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jair Mafezoli
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Reinaldo da Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ben Yaakov D, Rivkin A, Mircus G, Albert N, Dietl AM, Kovalerchick D, Carmeli S, Haas H, Kontoyiannis DP, Osherov N. Identification and characterization of haemofungin, a novel antifungal compound that inhibits the final step of haem biosynthesis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:946-52. [PMID: 26747101 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During recent decades, the number of invasive fungal infections among immunosuppressed patients has increased significantly, whereas the number of effective systemic antifungal drugs remains low and unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to characterize a novel antifungal compound, CW-8/haemofungin, which we previously identified in a screen for compounds affecting fungal cell wall integrity. METHODS The in vitro characteristics of haemofungin were investigated by MIC evaluation against a panel of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and mammalian cells in culture. Haemofungin mode-of-action studies were performed by screening an Aspergillus nidulans overexpression genomic library for resistance-conferring plasmids and biochemical validation of the target. In vivo efficacy was tested in the Galleria mellonella and Drosophila melanogaster insect models of infection. RESULTS We demonstrate that haemofungin causes swelling and lysis of growing fungal cells. It inhibits the growth of pathogenic Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium and Rhizopus isolates at micromolar concentrations, while only weakly affecting the growth of mammalian cell lines. Genetic and biochemical analyses in A. nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus indicate that haemofungin primarily inhibits ferrochelatase (HemH), the last enzyme in the haem biosynthetic pathway. Haemofungin was non-toxic and significantly reduced mortality rates of G. mellonella and D. melanogaster infected with A. fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Further development and in vivo validation of haemofungin is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Ben Yaakov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Rivkin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Mircus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathaniel Albert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Dietl
- Biocenter-Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitry Kovalerchick
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Biocenter-Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Delso I, Valero-González J, Marca E, Tejero T, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Merino P. Rational Design of Glycomimetic Compounds Targeting the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transglycosylase Gas2. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:163-70. [PMID: 26280762 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transglycosylase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gas2 (ScGas2) belongs to a large family of enzymes that are key players in yeast cell wall remodeling. Despite its biologic importance, no studies on the synthesis of substrate-based compounds as potential inhibitors have been reported. We have synthesized a series of docking-guided glycomimetics that were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments, revealing that a minimum of three glucose units linked via a β-(1,3) linkage are required for achieving molecular recognition at the binding donor site. The binding mode of our compounds is further supported by STD-NMR experiments using the active site-mutants Y107Q and Y244Q. Our results are important for both understanding of ScGas2-substrate interactions and setting up the basis for future design of glycomimetics as new antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Delso
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica, Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain.,Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química y Materiales de Aragón (CEQMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus San Francisco, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain
| | - Jessika Valero-González
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain
| | - Eduardo Marca
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica, Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica, Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Aragón 50009, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica, Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Identification and characterization of a novel family of selective antifungal compounds (CANBEFs) that interfere with fungal protein synthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5631-40. [PMID: 26149982 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00850-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mycotic infections have become more common during recent decades, posing an increasing threat to public health. However, despite the growing needs, treatments for invasive fungal infections remain unsatisfactory and are limited to a small number of antifungals. The aim of this study was to identify novel fungal cell wall inhibitors from a library of small chemical compounds using a conditional protein kinase C (PKC)-expressing strain of Aspergillus nidulans sensitive to cell wall-active agents. Eight "hit" compounds affecting cell wall integrity were identified from a screen of 35,000 small chemical compounds. Five shared a common basic molecular structure of 4-chloro-6-arylamino-7-nitro-benzofurazane (CANBEF). The most potent compound, CANBEF-24, was characterized further and was shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, and Rhizopus isolates at micromolar concentrations but not to affect the growth of mammalian cell lines. CANBEF-24 demonstrated strong synergy in combination with caspofungin, an antifungal that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis. Genetic and biochemical analyses with Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that CANBEFs selectively inhibit fungal rRNA maturation and protein synthesis, suggesting that their effect on the cell wall is indirect. CANBEFs were nontoxic in insect (Galleria mellonella, Drosophila melanogaster) and mouse models of fungal infection. Preliminary evidence showing no therapeutic benefit in these models suggests that further cycles of optimization are needed for the development of this novel class of compounds for systemic use.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang Z, Liu N, Hu D, Dong G, Miao Z, Yao J, He H, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Sheng C. The discovery of novel antifungal scaffolds by structural simplification of the natural product sampangine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14648-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05699c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural simplification of the natural product sampangine led to the discovery of two novel antifungal compounds with excellent activity and low toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Lead Compound Research
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dandan Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Haiying He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Lead Compound Research
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choi JY, Podust LM, Roush WR. Drug strategies targeting CYP51 in neglected tropical diseases. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11242-71. [PMID: 25337991 PMCID: PMC4254036 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Larissa M. Podust
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, and Department of
Pathology, University of California—San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William R. Roush
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Calvet C, Vieira D, Choi JY, Kellar D, Cameron MD, Siqueira-Neto JL, Gut J, Johnston JB, Lin L, Khan S, McKerrow JH, Roush WR, Podust LM. 4-Aminopyridyl-based CYP51 inhibitors as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drug leads with improved pharmacokinetic profile and in vivo potency. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6989-7005. [PMID: 25101801 PMCID: PMC4148169 DOI: 10.1021/jm500448u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CYP51 is a P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the sterol components of eukaryotic cell membranes. CYP51 inhibitors have been developed to treat infections caused by fungi, and more recently the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. To specifically optimize drug candidates for T. cruzi CYP51 (TcCYP51), we explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a N-indolyl-oxopyridinyl-4-aminopropanyl-based scaffold originally identified in a target-based screen. This scaffold evolved via medicinal chemistry to yield orally bioavailable leads with potent anti-T. cruzi activity in vivo. Using an animal model of infection with a transgenic T. cruzi Y luc strain expressing firefly luciferase, we prioritized the biaryl and N-arylpiperazine analogues by oral bioavailability and potency. The drug-target complexes for both scaffold variants were characterized by X-ray structure analysis. Optimization of both binding mode and pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds led to potent inhibitors against experimental T. cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia
M. Calvet
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cellular
Ultra-Structure Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz
Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de
Janeiro, Re de Janeiro 21040-362, Brazil
| | - Debora
F. Vieira
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps
Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Danielle Kellar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps
Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Jair Lage Siqueira-Neto
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jiri Gut
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Johnston
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps
Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Susan Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps
Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William R. Roush
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps
Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Larissa M. Podust
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic
Diseases, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The role of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans high temperature growth and virulence. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 70:12-23. [PMID: 25011011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are often difficult to treat due to the inherent similarities between fungal and animal cells and the resulting host toxicity from many antifungal compounds. Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans that causes life-threatening disease, primarily in immunocompromised patients. Since antifungal therapy for this microorganism is limited, many investigators have explored novel drug targets aim at virulence factors, such as the ability to grow at mammalian physiological temperature (37°C). To address this issue, we used the Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene delivery system to create a random insertion mutagenesis library that was screened for altered growth at elevated temperatures. Among several mutants unable to grow at 37°C, we explored one bearing an interruption in the URA4 gene. This gene encodes dihydroorotase (DHOase) that is involved in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides. Loss of the C. neoformans Ura4 protein, by targeted gene interruption, resulted in an expected uracil/uridine auxotrophy and an unexpected high temperature growth defect. In addition, the ura4 mutant displayed phenotypic defects in other prominent virulence factors (melanin, capsule and phospholipase) and reduced stress response compared to wild type and reconstituted strains. Accordingly, this mutant had a decreased survival rate in macrophages and attenuated virulence in a murine model of cryptococcal infection. Quantitative PCR analysis suggests that this biosynthetic pathway is induced during the transition from 30°C to 37°C, and that transcriptional regulation of de novo and salvage pyrimidine pathway are under the control of the Ura4 protein.
Collapse
|
22
|
Early state research on antifungal natural products. Molecules 2014; 19:2925-56. [PMID: 24609016 PMCID: PMC6271505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19032925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by fungi have increased greatly in recent years, mainly due to the rising number of immunocompromised patients. However, the available antifungal therapeutic arsenal is limited, and the development of new drugs has been slow. Therefore, the search for alternative drugs with low resistance rates and fewer side effects remains a major challenge. Plants produce a variety of medicinal components that can inhibit pathogen growth. Studies of plant species have been conducted to evaluate the characteristics of natural drug products, including their sustainability, affordability, and antimicrobial activity. A considerable number of studies of medicinal plants and alternative compounds, such as secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, essential oils and extracts, have been performed. Thus, this review discusses the history of the antifungal arsenal, surveys natural products with potential antifungal activity, discusses strategies to develop derivatives of natural products, and presents perspectives on the development of novel antifungal drug candidates.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan WL, Chan YS, Yin CM, Dan XL, Wang HX, Fang EF, Lam SK, Ngai PHK, Xia LX, Liu F, Ye XY, Zhang GQ, Liu QH, Sha O, Lin P, Ki C, Bekhit AA, Bekhit AED, Wan DCC, Ye XJ, Xia J, Ng TB. Antifungal and antiviral products of marine organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3475-94. [PMID: 24562325 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, and cephalochordates produce a variety of products with antifungal activity including bacterial chitinases, lipopeptides, and lactones; fungal (-)-sclerotiorin and peptaibols, purpurides B and C, berkedrimane B and purpuride; algal gambieric acids A and B, phlorotannins; 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol, spongistatin 1, eurysterols A and B, nortetillapyrone, bromotyrosine alkaloids, bis-indole alkaloid, ageloxime B and (-)-ageloxime D, haliscosamine, hamigeran G, hippolachnin A from sponges; echinoderm triterpene glycosides and alkene sulfates; molluscan kahalalide F and a 1485-Da peptide with a sequence SRSELIVHQR; and cepalochordate chitotriosidase and a 5026.9-Da antifungal peptide. The antiviral compounds from marine organisms include bacterial polysaccharide and furan-2-yl acetate; fungal macrolide, purpurester A, purpurquinone B, isoindolone derivatives, alterporriol Q, tetrahydroaltersolanol C and asperterrestide A, algal diterpenes, xylogalactofucan, alginic acid, glycolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, sulfated polysaccharide p-KG03, meroditerpenoids, methyl ester derivative of vatomaric acid, lectins, polysaccharides, tannins, cnidarian zoanthoxanthin alkaloids, norditerpenoid and capilloquinol; crustacean antilipopolysaccharide factors, molluscan hemocyanin; echinoderm triterpenoid glycosides; tunicate didemnin B, tamandarins A and B and; tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (TH 1-5), seabream SauMx1, SauMx2, and SauMx3, and orange-spotted grouper β-defensin. Although the mechanisms of antifungal and antiviral activities of only some of the aforementioned compounds have been elucidated, the possibility to use those known to have distinctly different mechanisms, good bioavailability, and minimal toxicity in combination therapy remains to be investigated. It is also worthwhile to test the marine antimicrobials for possible synergism with existing drugs. The prospects of employing them in clinical practice are promising in view of the wealth of these compounds from marine organisms. The compounds may also be used in agriculture and the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- David S Askew
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li L, Ding H, Wang B, Yu S, Zou Y, Chai X, Wu Q. Synthesis and evaluation of novel azoles as potent antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:192-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
26
|
Sakko M, Moore C, Novak-Frazer L, Rautemaa V, Sorsa T, Hietala P, Järvinen A, Bowyer P, Tjäderhane L, Rautemaa R. 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid is fungicidal for Candida and Aspergillus species. Mycoses 2013; 57:214-21. [PMID: 24125484 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid derivative 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) is a nutritional additive used to increase muscle mass. Low levels can be detected in human plasma as a result of leucine metabolism. It has broad antibacterial activity but its efficacy against pathogenic fungi is not known. The aim was to test the efficacy of HICA against Candida and Aspergillus species. Efficacy of HICA against 19 clinical and reference isolates representing five Candida and three Aspergillus species with variable azole antifungal sensitivity profiles was tested using a microdilution method. The concentrations were 18, 36 and 72 mg ml(-1) . Growth was determined spectrophotometrically for Candida isolates and by visual inspection for Aspergillus isolates, viability was tested by culture and impact on morphology by microscopy. HICA of 72 mg ml(-1) was fungicidal against all Candida and Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus isolates. Lower concentrations were fungistatic. Aspergillus flavus was not inhibited by HICA. HICA inhibited hyphal formation in susceptible Candida albicans and A. fumigatus isolates and affected cell wall integrity. In conclusion, HICA has broad antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus at concentrations relevant for topical therapy. As a fungicidal agent with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, it may be useful in the topical treatment of multispecies superficial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sakko
- Finnish Doctoral Program of Oral Sciences, Turku, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Biswas C, Sorrell TC, Djordjevic JT, Zuo X, Jolliffe KA, Chen SCA. In vitro activity of miltefosine as a single agent and in combination with voriconazole or posaconazole against uncommon filamentous fungal pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2842-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|