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Pachyn E, Aumiller M, Freymüller C, Linek M, Volgger V, Buchner A, Rühm A, Sroka R. Investigation on the influence of the skin tone on hyperspectral imaging for free flap surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13979. [PMID: 38886457 PMCID: PMC11183063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a new emerging modality useful for the noncontact assessment of free flap perfusion. This measurement technique relies on the optical properties within the tissue. Since the optical properties of hemoglobin (Hb) and melanin overlap, the results of the perfusion assessment and other tissue-specific parameters are likely to be distorted by the melanin, especially at higher melanin concentrations. Many spectroscopic devices have been shown to struggle with a melanin related bias, which results in a clinical need to improve non-invasive perfusion assessment, especially for a more pigmented population. This study investigated the influence of skin tones on tissue indices measurements using HSI. In addition, other factors that might affect HSI, such as age, body mass index (BMI), sex or smoking habits, were also considered. Therefore, a prospective feasibility study was conducted, including 101 volunteers from whom tissue indices measurements were performed on 16 different body sites. Skin tone classification was performed using the Fitzpatrick skin type classification questionnaire, and the individual typology angle (ITA) acquired from the RGB images was calculated simultaneously with the measurements. Tissue indices provided by the used HSI-device were correlated to the possible influencing factors. The results show that a dark skin tone and, therefore, higher levels of pigmentation influence the HSI-derived tissue indices. In addition, possible physiological factors influencing the HSI-measurements were found. In conclusion, the HSI-based tissue indices can be used for perfusion assessment for people with lighter skin tone levels but show limitations in people with darker skin tones. Furthermore, it could be used for a more individual perfusion assessment if different physiological influencing factors are respected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pachyn
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Aumiller
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Freymüller
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthäus Linek
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Veronika Volgger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Rodríguez-Luna MR, Okamoto N, Cinelli L, Baratelli L, Ségaud S, Rodríguez-Gómez A, Keller DS, Zonoobi E, Bannone E, Marescaux J, Diana M, Gioux S. Quantification of bowel ischaemia using real-time multispectral Single Snapshot Imaging of Optical Properties (SSOP). Surg Endosc 2023; 37:2395-2403. [PMID: 36443562 PMCID: PMC10017661 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single snapshot imaging of optical properties (SSOP) is a relatively new non-invasive, real-time, contrast-free optical imaging technology, which allows for the real-time quantitative assessment of physiological properties, including tissue oxygenation (StO2). This study evaluates the accuracy of multispectral SSOP in quantifying bowel ischaemia in a preclinical experimental model. METHODS In six pigs, an ischaemic bowel segment was created by dividing the arcade branches. Five regions of interest (ROIs) were identified on the bowel loop, as follows: ROI 1: central ischaemic; ROI 2: left marginal; ROI 3: left vascularised; ROI 4: right marginal; and ROI 5: right vascularised. The Trident imaging system, specifically developed for real-time tissue oxygenation imaging using SSOP, was used to image before (T0) and after ischaemia induction. Capillary and systemic lactates were measured at each time point (T0, T15, T30, T45, T60), as well as StO2 values acquired by means of SSOP (SSOP-StO2). RESULTS The mean value of SSOP-StO2 in ROI 1 was 30.08 ± 6.963 and was significantly lower when compared to marginal ROIs (ROI 2 + ROI 4: 45.67 ± 10.02 p = < 0.0001), and to vascularised ROIs (ROI 3 + ROI 5: 48.08 ± 7.083 p = < 0.0001). SSOP-StO2 was significantly correlated with normalised lactates r = - 0.5892 p < 0.0001 and with histology r =- 0.6251 p = 0.0002. CONCLUSION Multispectral SSOP allows for a contrast-free accurate assessment of small bowel perfusion identifying physiological tissue oxygenation as confirmed with perfusion biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rita Rodríguez-Luna
- Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nariaki Okamoto
- Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lorenzo Cinelli
- Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvère Ségaud
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Deborah S Keller
- Marks Colorectal Surgical Associates, Lankenau Medical Center, Main Line Health, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Elham Zonoobi
- Edinburgh Molecular Imaging Ltd. (EMI), Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Bannone
- Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Department of General and Pancreatic surgery - The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michele Diana
- Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Intuitive Surgical Sàrl, Aubonne, Switzerland
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3
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Song B, Yin X, Fan Y, Zhao Y. Quantitative spatial mapping of tissue water and lipid content using spatial frequency domain imaging in the 900- to 1000-nm wavelength region. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220120GRR. [PMID: 36303279 PMCID: PMC9612091 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.10.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance Water and lipid are key participants of many biological processes, but there are few label-free, non-contact optical methods that can spatially map these components in-vivo. Shortwave infrared meso-patterned imaging (SWIR-MPI) is an emerging technique that successfully addresses this need. However, it requires a dedicated SWIR camera to probe the 900- to 1300-nm wavelength region, which hinders practical translation of the technology. Aim Compared with SWIR-MPI, we aim to develop a new technique that can dramatically reduce the cost in detector while maintaining high accuracy for the quantification of tissue water and lipid content. Approach By utilizing water and lipid absorption features in the 900- to 1000-nm wavelength region as well as optimal wavelength and spatial frequency combinations, we develop a new imaging technique based on spatial frequency domain imaging to quantitatively map tissue water and lipid content using a regular silicon-based camera. Results The proposed method is validated with a phantom study, which shows average error of 0.9 ± 1.2 % for water content estimation, and -0.4 ± 0.7 % for lipid content estimation, respectively. The proposed method is also demonstrated for ex vivo porcine tissue lipid mapping as well as in-vivo longitudinal water content monitoring. Conclusions The proposed technique enables spatial mapping of tissue water and lipid content with the cost in detector reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with SWIR-MPI while maintaining high accuracy. The experimental results highlight the potential of this technique for substantial impact in both scientific and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Song
- Beihang University, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinman Yin
- Beihang University, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beihang University, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Beihang University, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Kang X, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Ren H, Wang Q, Chen M, Zhang Y. Wavelength and frequency optimization in spatial frequency domain imaging for two-layer tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3224-3242. [PMID: 35781948 PMCID: PMC9208585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.455386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging is a non-contact, wide-field, fast-diffusion optical imaging technique, which in principle uses steady-state spatially modulated light to irradiate biological tissue, reconstruct two-dimensional or three-dimensional tissue optical characteristic map through optical transmission model, and further quantify the spatial distribution of tissue physiological parameters by multispectral imaging technique. The selection of light source wavelength and light field spatial modulation frequency is directly related to the accuracy of tissue optical properties and tissue physiological parameters extraction. For improvement of the measurement accuracy of optical properties and physiological parameters in the two-layer tissue, a multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging system is built based on liquid crystal tunable filter, and a data mapping table of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and optical properties of two-layer tissue is established based on scaling Monte Carlo method. Combined with the dispersion effect and window effect of light-tissue interaction, the study applies numerical simulation to optimize the wavelength in the 650-850 nm range with spectral resolution of 10 nm. In order to minimize the uncertainty of the optical properties, Cramér-Rao bound is used to optimize the optical field spatial modulation frequency by transmitting the uncertainty of optical properties. The results showed that in order to realize the detection of melanin, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, water and other physiological parameters in two-layer tissue, the best wavelength combination was determined as 720, 730, 760 and 810 nm according to the condition number. The findings of the Cramér-Rao bound analysis reveal that the uncertainty of optical characteristics for the frequency combinations [0, 0.3] mm-1, [0, 0.2] mm-1, and [0, 0.1] mm-1 increases successively. Under the optimal combination of wavelength and frequency, the diffuse reflectance of the gradient gray-scale plate measured by the multi-spectral spatial frequency domain imaging system is linearly correlated with the calibration value. The error between the measured liquid phantom absorption coefficient and the collimation projection system based on colorimetric dish is less than 2%. The experimental results of human brachial artery occlusion indicate that under the optimal wavelength combination, the change of the second layer absorption coefficient captured by the three frequency combinations decreases in turn, so as the change of oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Xu Kang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Yang Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhiguo Shi
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huiming Ren
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Quanfu Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
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Marks HL, Cook K, Roussakis E, Cascales JP, Korunes‐Miller JT, Grinstaff MW, Evans CL. Quantitative Luminescence Photography of a Swellable Hydrogel Dressing with a Traffic-Light Response to Oxygen. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101605. [PMID: 35120400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensor-integrated wound dressings are emerging tools applicable to a wide variety of medical applications from emergency triage to at-home monitoring. Uncomfortable, unnecessary wound dressing changes may be avoided by providing quantitative insight into tissue characteristics related to wound healing such as tissue oxygenation, pH, and exudate/transudate volume. Here, a simple cost-effective methodology for quantifying oxygen and pH in a swellable hydrogel dressing using a single photograph is presented. The red and green luminescence of a novel dendritic polyamine Pt-porphyrin and fluorescein conjugate quantitatively responds to oxygen and pH, respectively, and enables robust sensing. The porphyrin conjugate, when combined with a four-arm star polyethylene glycol (PEG) amine polymer, rapidly crosslinks at room temperature with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-PEG crosslinker to form a color-changing hydrogel dressing with tunable swelling capabilities applicable to a variety of wound environments. An inexpensive digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera modified with bandpass filters captures the hydrogel luminescence using simple macroscopic photography, and conversion to HSB colorspace allows for intensity-independent image analysis of the hydrogels' dual modality response. The hydrogel formulation exhibits a robust and validated visible red-orange-green "traffic light" spectrum in response to oxygen changes, regardless of swelling state, pH, or autofluorescence from skin, thereby enabling the clinician friendly naked-eye feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L. Marks
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | - Katherine Cook
- Department of Chemistry Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | - Juan Pedro Cascales
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
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Lyu L, Kim H, Bae JS, Hua C, Kim JH, Kim EH, Mo JH, Park I. The application of SFDI and LSI system to evaluate the blood perfusion in skin flap mouse model. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1069-1079. [PMID: 34213684 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the blood perfusion to tissues for detecting ischemic necrosis can be quantitatively monitored by spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) in a skin flap mouse model. Skin flaps were made on Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Using SFDI and LSI, the following parameters were estimated: oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), total hemoglobin (THb), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), and speckle flow index (SFI). Histologically, epithelium thickness, collagen deposition, and blood vessel count of skin flap tissues were analyzed. Then, the correlation of SFDI and histological results was assessed by application of Spearman rank correlation method. As the result, the number of blood vessels and the percentage of collagen areas showed significant difference between the necrotic tissue group and the non-necrotic one. Especially, the necrotic tissue had a complete epithelial loss and loses its normal structure. We identified that SFDI/LSI parameters were significantly different between non-necrotic and necrotic tissue groups. Especially, all SFDI and LSI parameters measured on the 1st day after surgery showed significant difference between necrotic tissue and non-necrotic tissue. In addition, the number of blood vessel and percentage of collagen area were positively correlated with HbO2 and StO2 among SFDI/LSI parameters. Meanwhile, the number of blood vessel and percentage of collagen area showed the negative correlation with Hb. By applying SFDI and LSI simultaneously to the skin flap, we could quantitatively monitor the blood perfusion and the tissue condition which can help us to detect ischemic necrosis objectively in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Lyu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongbeom Kim
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ilyong Park
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Pardo A, Streeter SS, Maloney BW, Gutierrez-Gutierrez JA, McClatchy DM, Wells WA, Paulsen KD, Lopez-Higuera JM, Pogue BW, Conde OM. Modeling and Synthesis of Breast Cancer Optical Property Signatures With Generative Models. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:1687-1701. [PMID: 33684035 PMCID: PMC8224479 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3064464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Is it possible to find deterministic relationships between optical measurements and pathophysiology in an unsupervised manner and based on data alone? Optical property quantification is a rapidly growing biomedical imaging technique for characterizing biological tissues that shows promise in a range of clinical applications, such as intraoperative breast-conserving surgery margin assessment. However, translating tissue optical properties to clinical pathology information is still a cumbersome problem due to, amongst other things, inter- and intrapatient variability, calibration, and ultimately the nonlinear behavior of light in turbid media. These challenges limit the ability of standard statistical methods to generate a simple model of pathology, requiring more advanced algorithms. We present a data-driven, nonlinear model of breast cancer pathology for real-time margin assessment of resected samples using optical properties derived from spatial frequency domain imaging data. A series of deep neural network models are employed to obtain sets of latent embeddings that relate optical data signatures to the underlying tissue pathology in a tractable manner. These self-explanatory models can translate absorption and scattering properties measured from pathology, while also being able to synthesize new data. The method was tested on a total of 70 resected breast tissue samples containing 137 regions of interest, achieving rapid optical property modeling with errors only limited by current semi-empirical models, allowing for mass sample synthesis and providing a systematic understanding of dataset properties, paving the way for deep automated margin assessment algorithms using structured light imaging or, in principle, any other optical imaging technique seeking modeling. Code is available.
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8
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Spatial-Frequency Domain Imaging: An Emerging Depth-Varying and Wide-Field Technique for Optical Property Measurement of Biological Tissues. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of optical properties is critical for understanding light-tissue interaction, properly interpreting measurement data, and gaining better knowledge of tissue physicochemical properties. However, conventional optical measuring techniques are limited in point measurement, which partly hinders the applications on characterizing spatial distribution and inhomogeneity of optical properties of biological tissues. Spatial-frequency domain imaging (SFDI), as an emerging non-contact, depth-varying and wide-field optical imaging technique, is capable of measuring the optical properties in a wide field-of-view on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This review first describes the typical SFDI system and the principle for estimating optical properties using the SFDI technique. Then, the applications of SFDI in the fields of biomedicine, as well as food and agriculture, are reviewed, including burn assessment, skin tissue evaluation, tumor tissue detection, brain tissue monitoring, and quality evaluation of agro-products. Finally, a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives of SFDI for optical property estimation is presented.
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9
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Chen MT, Papadakis M, Durr NJ. Speckle illumination SFDI for projector-free optical property mapping. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:673-676. [PMID: 33528438 PMCID: PMC8285059 DOI: 10.1364/ol.411187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging can map tissue scattering and absorption properties over a wide field of view, making it useful for clinical applications such as wound assessment and surgical guidance. This technique has previously required the projection of fully characterized illumination patterns. Here, we show that random and unknown speckle illumination can be used to sample the modulation transfer function of tissues at known spatial frequencies, allowing the quantitative mapping of optical properties with simple laser diode illumination. We compute low- and high-spatial frequency response parameters from the local power spectral density for each pixel and use a lookup table to accurately estimate absorption and scattering coefficients in tissue phantoms, in vivo human hand, and ex vivo swine esophagus. Because speckle patterns can be generated over a large depth of field and field of view with simple coherent illumination, this approach may enable optical property mapping in new form-factors and applications, including endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason T. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Melina Papadakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Durr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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10
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Zhao Y, Deng Y, Yue S, Wang M, Song B, Fan Y. Direct mapping from diffuse reflectance to chromophore concentrations in multi- fx spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with a deep residual network (DRN). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:433-443. [PMID: 33659081 PMCID: PMC7899520 DOI: 10.1364/boe.409654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an emerging technology that enables label-free, non-contact, and wide-field mapping of tissue chromophore contents, such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations. It has been shown that the use of more than two spatial frequencies (multi-fx ) can vastly improve measurement accuracy and reduce chromophore estimation uncertainties, but real-time multi-fx SFDI for chromophore monitoring has been limited in practice due to the slow speed of available chromophore inversion algorithms. Existing inversion algorithms have to first convert the multi-fx diffuse reflectance to optical absorptions, and then solve a set of linear equations to estimate chromophore concentrations. In this work, we present a deep learning framework, noted as a deep residual network (DRN), that is able to directly map from diffuse reflectance to chromophore concentrations. The proposed DRN is over 10x faster than the state-of-the-art method for chromophore inversion and enables 25x improvement on the frame rate for in vivo real-time oxygenation mapping. The proposed deep learning model will help enable real-time and highly accurate chromophore monitoring with multi-fx SFDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yue Deng
- School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Institute of Spacecraft Application System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Bowen Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Marks H, Bucknor A, Roussakis E, Nowell N, Kamali P, Cascales JP, Kazei D, Lin SJ, Evans CL. A paintable phosphorescent bandage for postoperative tissue oxygen assessment in DIEP flap reconstruction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd1061. [PMID: 33355131 PMCID: PMC11206211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flaps are common in plastic surgery to reconstruct large tissue defects in cases such as trauma or cancer. However, most tissue oximeters used for monitoring ischemia in postoperative flaps are bulky, wired devices, which hinder direct flap observation. Here, we present the results of a clinical trial using a previously untried paintable transparent phosphorescent bandage to assess the tissue's partial pressure of oxygen (pO2). Statistical analysis revealed a strong relationship (P < 0.0001) between the rates of change of tissue oxygenation measured by the bandage and blood oxygen saturation (%stO2) readings from a standard-of-care ViOptix near-infrared spectroscopy oximeter. In addition, the oxygen-sensing bandage showed no adverse effects, proved easy handling, and yielded bright images across all skin tones with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. This demonstrates the feasibility of using phosphorescent materials to monitor flaps postoperatively and lays the groundwork for future exploration in other tissue oxygen sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Marks
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexandra Bucknor
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas Nowell
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Parisa Kamali
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Cascales
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Darya Kazei
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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12
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Chen MT, Durr NJ. Rapid tissue oxygenation mapping from snapshot structured-light images with adversarial deep learning. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200210SSR. [PMID: 33251783 PMCID: PMC7701163 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Spatial frequency-domain imaging (SFDI) is a powerful technique for mapping tissue oxygen saturation over a wide field of view. However, current SFDI methods either require a sequence of several images with different illumination patterns or, in the case of single-snapshot optical properties (SSOP), introduce artifacts and sacrifice accuracy. AIM We introduce OxyGAN, a data-driven, content-aware method to estimate tissue oxygenation directly from single structured-light images. APPROACH OxyGAN is an end-to-end approach that uses supervised generative adversarial networks. Conventional SFDI is used to obtain ground truth tissue oxygenation maps for ex vivo human esophagi, in vivo hands and feet, and an in vivo pig colon sample under 659- and 851-nm sinusoidal illumination. We benchmark OxyGAN by comparing it with SSOP and a two-step hybrid technique that uses a previously developed deep learning model to predict optical properties followed by a physical model to calculate tissue oxygenation. RESULTS When tested on human feet, cross-validated OxyGAN maps tissue oxygenation with an accuracy of 96.5%. When applied to sample types not included in the training set, such as human hands and pig colon, OxyGAN achieves a 93% accuracy, demonstrating robustness to various tissue types. On average, OxyGAN outperforms SSOP and a hybrid model in estimating tissue oxygenation by 24.9% and 24.7%, respectively. Finally, we optimize OxyGAN inference so that oxygenation maps are computed ∼10 times faster than previous work, enabling video-rate, 25-Hz imaging. CONCLUSIONS Due to its rapid acquisition and processing speed, OxyGAN has the potential to enable real-time, high-fidelity tissue oxygenation mapping that may be useful for many clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason T. Chen
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Durr
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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13
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Murphy GA, Singh-Moon RP, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ, Rowe VL, Armstrong DG. Quantifying dermal microcirculatory changes of neuropathic and neuroischemic diabetic foot ulcers using spatial frequency domain imaging: a shade of things to come? BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001815. [PMID: 33219118 PMCID: PMC7682192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of non-invasive vascular and perfusion diagnostics are an important part of assessing lower extremity ulceration and amputation risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods for detecting impaired microvascular vasodilatory function in patients with diabetes may have the potential to identify sites at risk of ulceration prior to clinically identifiable signs. Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) uses patterned near-infrared and visible light spectroscopy to determine tissue oxygen saturation and hemoglobin distribution within the superficial and deep dermis, showing distinct microcirculatory and oxygenation changes that occur prior to neuropathic and neuroischemic ulceration. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS 35 patients with diabetes mellitus and a history of diabetic foot ulceration were recruited for monthly imaging with SFDI. Two patients who ulcerated during the year-long longitudinal study were selected for presentation of their clinical course alongside the dermal microcirculation biomarkers from SFDI. RESULTS Patient 1 developed a neuropathic ulcer portended by a focal increase in tissue oxygen saturation and decrease in superficial papillary hemoglobin concentration 3 months prior. Patient 2 developed bilateral neuroischemic ulcers showing decreased tissue oxygen saturation and increased superficial papillary and deep dermal reticular hemoglobin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Wounds of different etiology show unique dermal microcirculatory changes prior to gross ulceration. Before predictive models can be developed from SFDI, biomarker data must be correlated with the clinical course of patients who ulcerate while being followed longitudinally. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03341559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Murphy
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Amaan Mazhar
- Department of Research and Development, Modulim, Irvine, California, USA
| | - David J Cuccia
- Department of Research and Development, Modulim, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vincent L Rowe
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David G Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Gu J, Tomioka Y, Kida K, Xiao Y, Saito I, Okazaki M, Someya T, Sekino M. Measurement of optical reflection and temperature changes after blood occlusion using a wearable device. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11491. [PMID: 32661264 PMCID: PMC7359365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of compromised circulation is essential for postoperative monitoring of free flap. Hourly clinical check-ups such as inspection and palpation still result in a delay in detection. Conversely, optical reflection and temperature measurement are useful alternatives for detecting blood circulation. However, conventional methods that verify ischemia and congestion within a short period have not been reported. In this study, we measured short-term changes in optical reflection and temperature in a rat flap using a wearable flexible sensor probe previously developed in our laboratory. Five ischemia and five congestion groin flap models were measured using a sensor probe and reference devices. Curve fitting was performed on transition signals to evaluate changes in signals and their time constants. The optical reflection signal decreased after venous ligation and increased after arterial ligation. The parameters of the fitted curves indicate a significant difference between congestion and ischemia at p < 0.01 (probability value), which was detected within a few minutes after ligation. However, insufficient significance was observed in the temperature signal. Our method gives supporting information to verify ischemia and congestion, and has the potential to rapidly detect compromised circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tomioka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kida
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingyi Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mutsumi Okazaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Snapshot Multispectral Imaging Is Not Inferior to SPY Laser Fluorescence Imaging When Predicting Murine Flap Necrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:85e-93e. [PMID: 31881615 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective assessment of tissue viability is critical to improve outcomes of cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. A widely used method to predict tissue viability is indocyanine green angiography. The authors present an alternative method that determines the relative proportions of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin through multispectral reflectance imaging. This affordable, hand-held device is noninvasive and may be used in clinic settings. The authors hypothesize that multispectral reflectance imaging is not inferior to indocyanine green angiography in predicting flap necrosis in the murine model. METHODS Reverse McFarlane skin flaps measuring 10 × 3 cm were raised on 300- to 400-g male Sprague-Dawley rats. Indocyanine green angiography and multispectral reflectance imaging was performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 30 minutes after surgery. Clinical outcome images acquired 72 hours after surgery were evaluated by three independent plastic surgeons. Objective data obtained immediately after surgery were compared to postsurgical clinical outcomes to determine which method more accurately predicted flap necrosis. RESULTS Nine reverse McFarlane skin flaps were evaluated 72 hours after flap elevation. Data analysis demonstrated that the 95 percent confidence intervals for the sensitivity of postoperative multispectral reflectance imaging and indocyanine green angiography imaging to predict 72-hour tissue viability at a fixed specificity of 90 percent for predicting tissue necrosis were 86.3 to 91.0 and 79.1 to 86.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this experimental animal model, multispectral reflectance imaging does not appear to be inferior to indocyanine green angiography in detecting compromised tissue viability. With the advantages of noninvasiveness, portability, affordability, and lack of disposables, multispectral reflectance imaging has an exciting potential for widespread use in cosmetic and reconstructive procedures.
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16
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Carles G, Brewer L, Harvey AR. Measurement of absorption in scattering media using objective laser speckle: application to blood oximetry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5119-5133. [PMID: 32121739 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-spectral imaging enables non-invasive sensing of chemical concentrations in biological tissue based on measurement of optical absorption, but invariably in the presence of high levels of scatter. Absorption is normally inferred from measurement of contrast of biological features, such as the vasculature, and so accuracy is degraded by the poorly characterized modulation-transfer function of the imaging optics and overlying tissue. We report how experimental characterization of the spectral variation of the tissue point-spread function and associated objective speckle pattern can be used to characterize the absorption spectrum and chromophore concentration, with a particular emphasis on determination of the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin within blood. Absorption measurements are determined purely by the geometry of the experiment, without degradation due to optical aberrations and associated light scatter. The technique offers enhanced and low-cost determination of in vitro or in vivo chromophore characterizations, including blood-gas analysis.
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17
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Jones GE, King VA, Yoo A, Abu-Ghname A, Rammos CK. Use of New Technologies in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg 2019; 33:258-263. [PMID: 31632209 PMCID: PMC6797494 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes after mastectomy and prosthetic-based breast reconstruction have improved immensely since the development of the first tissue expander and breast implant in the 1960s. One major factor contributing to our improved outcomes over the past two decades is the increasing availability and improvement of perfusion assessment technology. Instrumental methods now exist which allow surgeons to assess tissue viability intraoperatively, and provide actionable, objective data that augments clinical assessment. In this article, the authors detail two commercially available, state-of-the-art technologies that surgeons may use to assist in mastectomy flap assessment and facilitate the reconstructive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn E. Jones
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Victor A. King
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Aran Yoo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Amjed Abu-Ghname
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Charalambos K. Rammos
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
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18
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Aguénounon E, Dadouche F, Uhring W, Gioux S. Real-time optical properties and oxygenation imaging using custom parallel processing in the spatial frequency domain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3916-3928. [PMID: 31452984 PMCID: PMC6701546 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of real-time, wide-field and quantitative diffuse optical imaging methods is becoming increasingly popular for biological and medical applications. Recent developments introduced a novel approach for real-time multispectral acquisition in the spatial frequency domain using spatio-temporal modulation of light. Using this method, optical properties maps (absorption and reduced scattering) could be obtained for two wavelengths (665 nm and 860 nm). These maps, in turn, are used to deduce oxygen saturation levels in tissues. However, while the acquisition was performed in real-time, processing was performed post-acquisition and was not in real-time. In the present article, we present CPU and GPU processing implementations for this method with special emphasis on processing time. The obtained results show that the proposed custom direct method using a General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit (GPGPU) and C CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) implementation enables 1.6 milliseconds processing time for a 1 Mega-pixel image with a maximum average error of 0.1% in extracting optical properties.
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19
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Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-18. [PMID: 31222987 PMCID: PMC6995958 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
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20
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Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019. [PMID: 31222987 DOI: 10.1117/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
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21
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He X, Li T, Fu X, Jiang X, Gao Y, Rao X. Fast estimation of optical properties of pear using a single snapshot technique combined with a least-squares support vector regression model based on spatial frequency domain imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:4075-4084. [PMID: 31158164 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.004075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging has great potential in agricultural produce quality control due to its advantage of wide-field mapping of absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (μs') parameters. However, it is not widely adopted in real applications due to the large time cost during image acquisition and inversion calculation processes. In this study, a single snapshot technique was used to obtain ac and dc components (Rd_ac, Rd_dc) of diffuse reflectance of turbid media (phantoms and pears). The validation results for the snapshot method indicate that at the spatial frequency of 1000/3 m-1, it achieved the optimal demodulation, by comparison with the results obtained by the commonly used time-domain amplitude demodulation method. Diffusion approximation, artificial neural network, least-squares support vector machine regression (LSSVR), and LSSVR combined with a genetic algorithm (LSSVR+GA) were then used to predict μa and μs' from the obtained Rd_ac, Rd_dc at the fx of 1000/3 m-1. Validation results indicated that the LSSVR method took the least time to calculate μa and μs' with high performance. The proposed imaging system and algorithm were implemented for the inspection of a pear bruise. Results indicated that the bruise, which is not obviously distinguishable in original gray maps, can show obvious contrast in calculated μa and μs' maps, especially in μa maps. Further, the contrast becomes more obvious with the passage of time. In summary, this study developed a low-cost spatial frequency imaging system and matching software that could realize fast detection of optical properties for a pear with the proposed snapshot and LSSVR algorithms.
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22
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Aguénounon E, Dadouche F, Uhring W, Ducros N, Gioux S. Single snapshot imaging of optical properties using a single-pixel camera: a simulation study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-6. [PMID: 31037929 PMCID: PMC6995955 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present the effects of using a single-pixel camera approach to extract optical properties with the single-snapshot spatial frequency-domain imaging method. We acquired images of a human hand for spatial frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mm - 1 with increasing compression ratios using adaptive basis scan wavelet prediction strategy. In summary, our findings indicate that the extracted optical properties remained usable up to 99% of compression rate at a spatial frequency of 0.2 mm - 1 with errors of 5% in reduced scattering and 10% in absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Foudil Dadouche
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Illkirch, France
| | - Wilfried Uhring
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Ducros
- University Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS 5220, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Illkirch, France
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23
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Angelo JP, Chen SJ, Ochoa M, Sunar U, Gioux S, Intes X. Review of structured light in diffuse optical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-20. [PMID: 30218503 PMCID: PMC6676045 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical imaging probes deep living tissue enabling structural, functional, metabolic, and molecular imaging. Recently, due to the availability of spatial light modulators, wide-field quantitative diffuse optical techniques have been implemented, which benefit greatly from structured light methodologies. Such implementations facilitate the quantification and characterization of depth-resolved optical and physiological properties of thick and deep tissue at fast acquisition speeds. We summarize the current state of work and applications in the three main techniques leveraging structured light: spatial frequency-domain imaging, optical tomography, and single-pixel imaging. The theory, measurement, and analysis of spatial frequency-domain imaging are described. Then, advanced theories, processing, and imaging systems are summarized. Preclinical and clinical applications on physiological measurements for guidance and diagnosis are summarized. General theory and method development of tomographic approaches as well as applications including fluorescence molecular tomography are introduced. Lastly, recent developments of single-pixel imaging methodologies and applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Angelo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph P. Angelo, E-mail: ; Sez-Jade Chen, E-mail:
| | - Sez-Jade Chen
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph P. Angelo, E-mail: ; Sez-Jade Chen, E-mail:
| | - Marien Ochoa
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Wright State University, Department of Biomedical Industrial and Human Factor Engineering, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Intes
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
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24
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Karinja SJ, Lee BT. Advances in flap monitoring and impact of enhanced recovery protocols. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:758-767. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Karinja
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of SurgeryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Plastic Surgery Residency Training ProgramBoston Massachusetts
| | - Bernard T. Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Massachusetts
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25
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A systematic review of near-infrared spectroscopy in flap monitoring: Current basic and clinical evidence and prospects. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 71:246-257. [PMID: 29175135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been reported to be a reliable non-invasive modality for free flap monitoring; however, the history of its application in flap monitoring is short, and there is no definite consensus regarding its use at present. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to clarify the evidence related to post-operative flap monitoring using NIRS and examine its appropriateness and usability. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using the strings "flap monitoring AND near-infrared spectroscopy" and "flap monitoring AND tissue oxygen saturation," with a study period from inception to December 31, 2016. Two authors independently extracted articles and assessed the quality of the studies. Articles related to NIRS for flap perfusion monitoring were classified and selected regardless of study type. RESULTS A total of 15 clinical studies and 8 animal studies were identified and reviewed. The evidence and information on various aspects of NIRS flap monitoring were summarized. The overall flap success rate was 99.5%, and the flap salvage rate was 91.1%, when measuring StO2 at intervals of every 2 h or sooner. Single StO2 monitoring was able to detect vascular compromise with 99.1% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity, and earlier than other monitoring methods, but additional Hb concentration monitoring was useful for avoiding false negatives and differentiating arterial and venous occlusion. CONCLUSIONS NIRS can be used for flap monitoring and displays high accuracy in various situations; however, further studies are needed to take full advantage of the potential of NIRS.
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Sibai M, Fisher C, Veilleux I, Elliott JT, Leblond F, Roberts DW, Wilson BC. Preclinical evaluation of spatial frequency domain-enabled wide-field quantitative imaging for enhanced glioma resection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:76007. [PMID: 28697235 PMCID: PMC5995142 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.076007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevelunic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) enables maximum safe resection of glioma by providing real-time tumor contrast. However, the subjective visual assessment and the variable intrinsic optical attenuation of tissue limit this technique to reliably delineating only high-grade tumors that display strong fluorescence. We have previously shown, using a fiber-optic probe, that quantitative assessment using noninvasive point spectroscopic measurements of the absolute PpIX concentration in tissue further improves the accuracy of FGR, extending it to surgically curable low-grade glioma. More recently, we have shown that implementing spatial frequency domain imaging with a fluorescent-light transport model enables recovery of two-dimensional images of [PpIX], alleviating the need for time-consuming point sampling of the brain surface. We present first results of this technique modified for <italic<in vivo</italic< imaging on an RG2 rat brain tumor model. Despite the moderate errors in retrieving the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in the subdiffusive regime of 14% and 19%, respectively, the recovered [PpIX] maps agree within 10% of the point [PpIX] values measured by the fiber-optic probe, validating its potential as an extension or an alternative to point sampling during glioma resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Sibai
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl Fisher
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada
| | - Israel Veilleux
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan T. Elliott
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Frederic Leblond
- École Polytechnique De Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Québec, Canada
| | - David W. Roberts
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada
- Address all correspondence to: Brian C. Wilson, E-mail:
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Pichette J, Laurence A, Angulo L, Lesage F, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK, Leblond F. Intraoperative video-rate hemodynamic response assessment in human cortex using snapshot hyperspectral optical imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:045003. [PMID: 27752519 PMCID: PMC5061108 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using light, we are able to visualize the hemodynamic behavior of the brain to better understand neurovascular coupling and cerebral metabolism. In vivo optical imaging of tissue using endogenous chromophores necessitates spectroscopic detection to ensure molecular specificity as well as sufficiently high imaging speed and signal-to-noise ratio, to allow dynamic physiological changes to be captured, isolated, and used as surrogate of pathophysiological processes. An optical imaging system is introduced using a 16-bands on-chip hyperspectral camera. Using this system, we show that up to three dyes can be imaged and quantified in a tissue phantom at video-rate through the optics of a surgical microscope. In vivo human patient data are presented demonstrating brain hemodynamic response can be measured intraoperatively with molecular specificity at high speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pichette
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Audrey Laurence
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Leticia Angulo
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Electrical Engineering, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montréal H2L4M1, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Division of Neurology, 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montréal H2L4M1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Frederic Leblond
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X0A9, Canada
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Sun J, Miller JP, Hathi D, Zhou H, Achilefu S, Shokeen M, Akers WJ. Enhancing in vivo tumor boundary delineation with structured illumination fluorescence molecular imaging and spatial gradient mapping. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:80502. [PMID: 27580364 PMCID: PMC5005463 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging, in combination with tumor-avid near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecular probes, provides high specificity and sensitivity for cancer detection in preclinical animal models, and more recently, assistance during oncologic surgery. However, conventional camera-based fluorescence imaging techniques are heavily surface-weighted such that surface reflection from skin or other nontumor tissue and nonspecific fluorescence signals dominate, obscuring true cancer-specific signals and blurring tumor boundaries. To address this challenge, we applied structured illumination fluorescence molecular imaging (SIFMI) in live animals for automated subtraction of nonspecific surface signals to better delineate accumulation of an NIR fluorescent probe targeting α4β1 integrin in mice bearing subcutaneous plasma cell xenografts. SIFMI demonstrated a fivefold improvement in tumor-to-background contrast when compared with other full-field fluorescence imaging methods and required significantly reduced scanning time compared with diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging. Furthermore, the spatial gradient mapping enhanced highlighting of tumor boundaries. Through the relatively simple hardware and software modifications described, SIFMI can be integrated with clinical fluorescence imaging systems, enhancing intraoperative tumor boundary delineation from the uninvolved tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sun
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jessica P. Miller
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Deep Hathi
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Walter J. Akers
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Walter J. Akers, E-mail:
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Vargas CR, Nguyen JT, Ashitate Y, Angelo J, Venugopal V, Kettenring F, Neacsu F, Frangioni JV, Gioux S, Lee BT. Intraoperative Hemifacial Composite Flap Perfusion Assessment Using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging: A Pilot Study in Preparation for Facial Transplantation. Ann Plast Surg 2016; 76:249-55. [PMID: 26418791 PMCID: PMC4712079 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascularized composite allotransplantation represents an important advancement in the field of reconstructive microsurgery and has continued to increase in popularity. The significant clinical morbidity associated with flap failure represents an important barrier to even more widespread use of these techniques. Early identification of vascular compromise has been associated with a higher salvage rate, yet most surgeons rely only on clinical assessment intraoperatively. Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) presents a noncontact, objective measurement of tissue oxygenation over a large field of view. This study aims to evaluate the use of SFDI technology in hemifacial composite flap compromise as could occur during facial transplant. METHODS Six composite hemifacial flaps were created in three 35-kg Yorkshire pigs and continuously imaged using SFDI before, during, and after 15-minute selective vascular pedicle occlusion. Arterial and venous clamping trials were performed for each flap. Changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration, deoxyhemoglobin concentration, and total hemoglobin were quantified over time. RESULTS The SFDI successfully measured changes in oxygenation parameters in all 6 composite tissue flaps. Significant changes in oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin were seen relative to controls. Early and distinct patterns of alteration were noted in arterial and in venous compromise relative to one another. CONCLUSIONS The need for noninvasive, reliable assessment of composite tissue graft viability is apparent, given the morbidity associated with flap failure. The results of this study suggest that SFDI technology shows promise in providing intraoperative guidance with regard to pedicle vessel integrity during reconstructive microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Vargas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John T. Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yoshitomo Ashitate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Vivek Venugopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Kettenring
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Florin Neacsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John V. Frangioni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Curadel, LLC, 377 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bernard T. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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van de Giessen M, Angelo JP, Gioux S. Real-time, profile-corrected single snapshot imaging of optical properties. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4051-62. [PMID: 26504653 PMCID: PMC4605062 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel acquisition and processing method that enables real-time, single snapshot of optical properties (SSOP) and 3-dimensional (3D) profile measurements in the spatial frequency domain is described. This method makes use of a dual sinusoidal wave projection pattern permitting to extract the DC and AC components in the frequency domain to recover optical properties as well as the phase for measuring the 3D profile. In this method, the 3D profile is used to correct for the effect of sample's height and angle and directly obtain profile-corrected absorption and reduced scattering maps from a single acquired image. In this manuscript, the 3D-SSOP method is described and validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms as well as in vivo, in comparison with the standard profile-corrected SFDI (3D-SFDI) method. On average, in comparison with 3D-SFDI method, the 3D-SSOP method allows to recover the profile within 1.2mm and profile-corrected optical properties within 12% for absorption and 6% for reduced scattering over a large field-of-view and in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van de Giessen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph P. Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 300 Bd S. Brant, 67412 Illkirch cedex, France
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Oh BH, Jang HS, Lee J, Choi MJ, Nam KA, Chung KY. Delayed Reconstruction for the Non-Amputative Treatment of Subungual Melanoma. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:417-22. [PMID: 26273158 PMCID: PMC4530152 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cases of early stage subungual melanoma (SUM), conservative treatment with non-amputative wide excision of the nail unit and subsequent skin graft is preferred over amputation to preserve the involved digit. OBJECTIVE We report a series of patients with SUM treated with conservative surgery and suggest an effective supplementary treatment process. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients (2 males, 8 females) who were diagnosed with in situ or minimally invasive SUM on the first biopsy and underwent non-amputative wide excision of the nail unit. All patients underwent secondary intention healing during the histopathological re-evaluation of the entire excised lesion, and additional treatment was administered according to the final report. RESULTS In two of 10 patients, amputation was performed because of the detection of deep invasion (Breslow thickness: 4.0, 2.3 mm) from the final pathologic results, which differed from the initial biopsy. In six patients who received delayed skin graft, the mean total time required for complete healing after secondary intention healing and the skin graft was 66.83±15.09 days. As a result of this delayed skin graft, the final scarring was similar to the original shape of the nail unit, scored between 5 and 10 on a visual analogue scale. Most patients were satisfied with this conservative surgery except one patient, who had volar portion involvement and received an interpolated flap instead of a skin graft. CONCLUSION Our treatment process can reduce the risk of incomplete resection and improve cosmetic outcomes in patients with SUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ju Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ae Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ponticorvo A, Taydas E, Mazhar A, Ellstrom CL, Rimler J, Scholz T, Tong J, Evans GRD, Cuccia DJ, Durkin AJ. Evaluating visual perception for assessing reconstructed flap health. J Surg Res 2015; 197:210-7. [PMID: 25935469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting failing tissue flaps before they are clinically apparent has the potential to improve postoperative flap management and salvage rates. This study demonstrates a model to quantitatively compare clinical appearance, as recorded via digital camera, with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), a noninvasive imaging technique using patterned illumination to generate images of total hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation (stO2). METHODS Using a swine pedicle model in which blood flow was carefully controlled with occlusion cuffs and monitored with ultrasound probes, throughput was reduced by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of baseline values in either the artery or the vein of each of the flaps. The color changes recorded by a digital camera were quantified to predict which occlusion levels were visible to the human eye. SFDI was also used to quantify the changes in physiological parameters including total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation associated with each occlusion. RESULTS There were no statistically significant changes in color above the noticeable perception levels associated with human vision during any of the occlusion levels. However, there were statistically significant changes in total hemoglobin and stO2 levels detected at the 50%, 75%, and 100% occlusion levels for arterial and venous occlusions. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by the color imaging data, visual flap changes are difficult to detect until significant occlusion has occurred. SFDI is capable of detecting changes in total hemoglobin and stO2 as a result of partial occlusions before they are perceivable, thereby potentially improving response times and salvage rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ponticorvo
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Eren Taydas
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Amaan Mazhar
- Modulated Imaging Inc., Beckman Laser Institute Photonic Incubator, Irvine, California
| | - Christopher L Ellstrom
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Jonathan Rimler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Thomas Scholz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - June Tong
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - David J Cuccia
- Modulated Imaging Inc., Beckman Laser Institute Photonic Incubator, Irvine, California
| | - Anthony J Durkin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
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Huang J, Zhang S, Gnyawali S, Sen CK, Xu RX. Second derivative multispectral algorithm for quantitative assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:036001. [PMID: 25734405 PMCID: PMC4347514 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.3.036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a second derivative multispectral algorithm for quantitative assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂). The algorithm is based on a forward model of light transport in multilayered skin tissue and an inverse algorithm for StO₂ reconstruction. Based on the forward simulation results, a parameter of a second derivative ratio (SDR) is derived as a function of cutaneous tissue StO₂. The SDR function is optimized at a wavelength set of 544, 552, 568, 576, 592, and 600 nm so that cutaneous tissue StO₂ can be derived with minimal artifacts by blood concentration, tissue scattering, and melanin concentration. The proposed multispectral StO₂ imaging algorithm is verified in both benchtop and in vivo experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed multispectral imaging algorithm is able to map cutaneous tissue StO₂ in high temporal resolution with reduced measurement artifacts induced by different skin conditions in comparison with other three commercial tissue oxygen measurement systems. These results indicate that the multispectral StO₂ imaging technique has the potential for noninvasive and quantitative assessment of skin tissue oxygenation with a high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Huang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Surya Gnyawali
- The Ohio State University, Department of Surgery, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- The Ohio State University, Department of Surgery, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- University of Science and Technology of China, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Address all correspondence to: Ronald X. Xu, E-mail:
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