1
|
Urits I, Gress K, Charipova K, Zamarripa AM, Patel PM, Lassiter G, Jung JW, Kaye AD, Viswanath O. Pharmacological options for the treatment of chronic migraine pain. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2020; 34:383-407. [PMID: 33004155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition with symptoms typically consisting of unilateral and pulsating headache, sensitivity to sensory stimuli, nausea, and vomiting. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that migraine is the third most prevalent medical disorder and second most disabling neurological condition in the world. There are several options for preventive migraine treatments that include, but are not limited to, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, botulinum toxins, NSAIDs, riboflavin, and magnesium. Patients may also benefit from adjunct nonpharmacological options in the comprehensive prevention of migraines, such as cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation therapies, biofeedback, lifestyle guidance, and education. Preventative therapies are an essential component of the overall approach to the pharmacological treatment of migraine. Comparative studies of newer therapies are needed to help patients receive the best treatment option for chronic migraine pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Urits
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kyle Gress
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Alec M Zamarripa
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Parth M Patel
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Grace Lassiter
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jai Won Jung
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA; Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, USA; Valley Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamed SA. Ocular dysfunctions and toxicities induced by antiepileptic medications: Types, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:309-328. [PMID: 30840840 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1591274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular dysfunctions and toxicities induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are rarely reviewed and not frequently received attention by treating physicians compared to other adverse effects (e.g. endocrinologic, cognitive and metabolic). However, some are frequent and progressive even in therapeutic concentrations or result in permanent blindness. Although some adverse effects are non-specific, others are related to the specific pharmacodynamics of the drug. Areas covered: This review was written after detailed search in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI web, SciELO, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register databases (from 1970 to 2019). It summarized the reported ophthalmologic adverse effects of the currently available AEDs; their risks and possible pathogenic mechanisms. They include ocular motility dysfunctions, retinopathy, maculopathy, glaucoma, myopia, optic neuropathy, and impaired retinal vascular autoregulation. In general, ophthalmo-neuro- or retino-toxic adverse effects of AEDs are classified as type A (dose-dependent), type B (host-dependent or idiosyncratic) or type C which is due to the cumulative effect from long-term use. Expert opinion: Ocular adverse effects of AEDs are rarely reviewed although some are frequent or may result in permanent blindness. Increasing knowledge of their incidence and improving understanding of their risks and pathogenic mechanisms are crucial for monitoring, prevention, and management of patients' at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A Hamed
- a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stafuzza C, Landis T, Guyot JP. Palinopsia Following Acute Unilateral Partial Vestibular Deafferentation: A Case Report. Front Neurol 2018; 9:773. [PMID: 30298046 PMCID: PMC6160561 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Palinopsia is defined as the persistence or reappearance of images after cessation of the visual stimulus. One patient presented episodes of palinopsia after the functional loss of the 3 semicircular canals of the right ear while the otolithic function was preserved. None of classical causes was identified in this patient, intoxications, brain tumors, migraines, psychiatric disorders, etc. For a movement to be perceived as a single event, central processes of temporal integration are necessary to correct the shift between the rapid vestibular information, and the slow visual information. However, it has been shown on animal models that vestibular inputs are slower than normal in case of peripheral deafferentation limited to the canalar function with preservation of the otolithic function, which is the case in this patient. Therefore, we hypothesize that episodes of palinopsia he presents result from the fact that temporal integration processes do not take into account the slower than normal vestibular information due to the peripheral disorder and continue to slow it down. Thus, the patient keeps the visual image in memory until the late arrival of the vestibular information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Stafuzza
- Service of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Guyot
- Service of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marmura MJ, Kumpinsky AS. Refining the Benefit/Risk Profile of Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Headache Disorders. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:735-746. [PMID: 30073584 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anti-epileptic drugs are among the most effective drugs for migraine prophylaxis, and will likely continue to have a role even as new therapies emerge. Topiramate and valproate are effective for the preventive treatment of migraine, and other medications such as gabapentin or lamotrigine may have a role in the treatment of those with allodynia or frequent aura, respectively. Oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, gabapentin, and others may alleviate pain in trigeminal neuralgia. While many anti-epileptic drugs can be effective in those with migraine or other headaches, most of these agents can potentially cause serious side effects. In particular, valproate, topiramate, carbamazepine, and phenytoin may lead to adverse outcomes for infants of exposed mothers. Valproate should not be given to women of childbearing potential for migraine prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Marmura
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut ST #200, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Aliza S Kumpinsky
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut ST #200, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Praveen-Kumar S, Rajesh A. Palinopsia without visual field defect: case report and minireview. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014; 125:207-9. [PMID: 25178913 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Praveen-Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospitals, Bangalore, India.
| | - A Rajesh
- Department of Neurology, Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospitals, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine is a very common medical disorder characterized by attacks of moderate-severe headache, nausea and disability. Topiramate is an effective, popular prophylactic migraine treatment, which is approved for use in adults and adolescents. Due to its multiple mechanisms of action, topiramate has multiple potential safety issues, including systemic and CNS adverse events, which may complicate therapy. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates common adverse events as seen in the pivotal trials of topiramate for migraine as well as those observed in postmarketing studies. These include weight loss, metabolic acidosis, renal calculi, acute angle closure glaucoma, visual distortions and cognitive slowing. Topiramate use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of cleft lip. This review highlights both common and unusual safety issues associated with topiramate use, including important drug interactions and a comparison with other migraine prophylactic agents. EXPERT OPINION Topiramate is highly effective in migraine prophylaxis but clinicians using the drug need to be aware of the potential for bothersome or serious adverse events. When treating with topiramate, use a slow titration to the goal dose of 100 mg or the lowest dose, which helps prevent migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Marmura
- Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology , 900 Walnut Street, Suite 200, PA 19107 , USA +1 215 955 2243 ; +1 215 955 2060 ;
| |
Collapse
|