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Mendez AI, Tokish H, McQueen E, Chawla S, Klin A, Maitre NL, Klaiman C. A Comparison of the Clinical Presentation of Preterm Birth and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Commonalities and Distinctions in Children Under 3. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:81-101. [PMID: 36868715 PMCID: PMC10842306 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Premature infants and infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share many commonalities in clinical presentations. However, prematurity and ASD also have differences in clinical presentation. These overlapping phenotypes can lead to misdiagnoses of ASD or missing a diagnosis of ASD in preterm infants. We document these commonalities and differences in various developmental domains with the hope of aiding in the accurate early detection of ASD and timely intervention implementation in children born premature. Given the degree of similarities in presentation, evidence-based interventions designed specifically for preterm toddlers or toddlers with ASD may ultimately aid both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Mendez
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hannah Tokish
- Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Emma McQueen
- Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shivaang Chawla
- Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ami Klin
- Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nathalie L Maitre
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Isik M, Eskikurt G, Erdogan ET. Neuromodulation of the left auditory cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has no effect on the categorical perception of speech sounds. Neuropsychologia 2023; 178:108442. [PMID: 36481255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Temporal cue analysis in auditory stimulus is essential in the perception of speech sounds. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on auditory temporal processing remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether tDCS applied over the left auditory cortex (AC) has a polarity-specific behavioral effect on the categorical perception of speech sounds whose temporal features are modulated. Sixteen healthy volunteers in each group were received anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS. A phonetic categorization task including auditory stimuli with varying voice onset time was performed before and during tDCS, and responses were analyzed. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups (anode, cathode, sham) and within the groups (pre-tDCS, during tDCS) in comparisons of the slope parameter of the identification function obtained from the phonetic categorization task data. Our results show that a single-session application of tDCS over the left AC does not significantly affect the categorical perception of speech sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlude Isik
- Neurological Sciences Research and Application Center (İSÜCAN), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gokcer Eskikurt
- Department of Physiology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Tuna Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Koç University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Silva G, Gonçalves R, Taveira I, Mouzinho M, Osório R, Nzwalo H. Stroke-Associated Cortical Deafness: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiological Characteristics. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1383. [PMID: 34827382 PMCID: PMC8615419 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the leading cause of cortical deafness (CD), the most severe form of central hearing impairment. CD remains poorly characterized and perhaps underdiagnosed. We perform a systematic review to describe the clinical and radiological features of stroke-associated CD. METHODS PubMed and the Web of Science databases were used to identify relevant publications up to 30 June 2021 using the MeSH terms: "deafness" and "stroke", or "hearing loss" and "stroke" or "auditory agnosia" and "stroke". RESULTS We found 46 cases, caused by bilateral lesions within the central auditory pathway, mostly located within or surrounding the superior temporal lobe gyri and/or the Heschl's gyri (30/81%). In five (13.51%) patients, CD was caused by the subcortical hemispheric and in two (0.05%) in brainstem lesions. Sensorineural hearing loss was universal. Occasionally, a misdiagnosis by peripheral or psychiatric disorders occurred. A few (20%) had clinical improvement, with a regained oral conversation or evolution to pure word deafness (36.6%). A persistent inability of oral communication occurred in 43.3%. A full recovery of conversation was restricted to patients with subcortical lesions. CONCLUSIONS Stroke-associated CD is rare, severe and results from combinations of cortical and subcortical lesions within the central auditory pathway. The recovery of functional hearing occurs, essentially, when caused by subcortical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracinda Silva
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Rita Gonçalves
- Southern Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, University Hospital Center of Algarve, 8150-022 São Brás de Alportel, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Taveira
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center of Algarve, Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Mouzinho
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Rui Osório
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.M.); (R.O.)
- Stroke Unit, University Hospital Center of Algarve, Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal
| | - Hipólito Nzwalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.M.); (R.O.)
- Stroke Unit, University Hospital Center of Algarve, Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal
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Colmenárez-Raga AC, Díaz I, Pernia M, Pérez-González D, Delgado-García JM, Carro J, Plaza I, Merchán MA. Reversible Functional Changes Evoked by Anodal Epidural Direct Current Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Auditory Cortex. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:356. [PMID: 31031588 PMCID: PMC6473088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat auditory cortex was subjected to 0.1 mA anodal direct current in seven 10-min sessions on alternate days. Based on the well-known auditory cortex control of olivocochlear regulation through corticofugal projections, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded as an indirect test of the effectiveness and reversibility of the multisession protocol of epidural stimulation. Increases of 20-30 dB ABR auditory thresholds shown after epidural stimulation reverted back to control levels 10 min after a single session. However, increases in thresholds revert 4 days after multisession stimulation. Less changes in wave amplitudes and threshold shifts were shown in ABR recorded contralaterally to the electrically stimulated side of the brain. To assess tissue effects of epidural electric stimulation on the brain cortex, well characterized functional anatomical markers of glial cells (GFAP/astrocytes and Iba1/microglial cells) and neurons (c-Fos) were analyzed in alternate serial sections by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Restricted astroglial and microglial reactivity was observed within the cytoarchitectural limits of the auditory cortex. However, interstitial GFAP overstaining was also observed in the ventricular surface and around blood vessels, thus supporting a potential global electrolytic stimulation of the brain. These results correlate with extensive changes in the distribution of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons among layers along sensory cortices after multisession stimulation. Quantitative immunocytochemical analysis supported this idea by showing a significant increase in the number of positive neurons in supragranular layers and a decrease in layer 6 with no quantitative changes detected in layer 5. Our data indicate that epidural stimulation of the auditory cortex induces a reversible decrease in hearing sensitivity due to local, restricted epidural stimulation. A global plastic response of the sensory cortices, also reported here, may be related to electrolytic effects of electric currents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marianny Pernia
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Pérez-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carro
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Plaza
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Merchán
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Chen M. The research of human individual’s conformity behavior in emergency situations. LIBRARY HI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/lht-08-2018-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper (including three studies) is to investigate the idea that individuals in an emergency situation experience significantly a higher level of emotional activation, lower performance of task, and change in decision making, escaping behavior and conformity as compared to being in a non-emergency situation. It is also suggested that the level of emotional activation mediates the association between situation and the performance of task.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 was an experimental study with 43 university students and revealed that different situations induced different levels of emotional activation and they are positively and significantly related. Study 2 was a further exploration of study 1, in which 49 participants were asked to watch a recomposed video telling a reasonable story about escaping from the emergency and complete several tasks associated with two kinds of situations (non-emergency vs emergency). In study 3, 168 participants, randomly assigned to three groups, were asked to work on judgment tasks with different numbers of options.FindingsResults revealed that individuals in an emergency situation experience significantly lower performance of task and higher conformity tendency than in a non-emergency situation. Also, the causal effect of the situation on the performance of task is mediated by the level of emotional activation. Moreover, results found that the performance of task is also a mediator between the level of emotional activation and conformity. Result showed that the number of choices is negatively related to conformity, and performance is a mediator between the number of choices and conformity.Originality/valueThis paper suggested that the level of emotional activation mediates the association between situation and the performance of task.
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