1
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Hauber ME, Nagy J, Sheard C, Antonson ND, Street SE, Healy SD, Lala KN, Mainwaring MC. Nest architecture influences host use by avian brood parasites and is shaped by coevolutionary dynamics. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20231734. [PMID: 38196369 PMCID: PMC10777141 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Brood (social) parasites and their hosts exhibit a wide range of adaptations and counter-adaptations as part of their ongoing coevolutionary arms races. Obligate avian brood parasites are expected to use potential host species with more easily accessible nests, while potential hosts are expected to evade parasitism by building more concealed nests that are difficult for parasites to enter and in which to lay eggs. We used phylogenetically informed comparative analyses, a global database of the world's brood parasites, their host species, and the design of avian host and non-host nests (approx. 6200 bird species) to examine first, whether parasites preferentially target host species that build open nests and, second, whether host species that build enclosed nests are more likely to be targeted by specialist parasites. We found that species building more accessible nests are more likely to serve as hosts, while host species with some of the more inaccessible nests are targeted by more specialist brood parasites. Furthermore, evolutionary-transition analyses demonstrate that host species building enclosed nests frequently evolve to become non-hosts. We conclude that nest architecture and the accessibility of nests for parasitism represent a critical stage of the ongoing coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Hauber
- Advanced Science Research Center and Program in Psychology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jenő Nagy
- HUN-REN-UD Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Catherine Sheard
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Nicholas D. Antonson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sally E. Street
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Susan D. Healy
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Kevin N. Lala
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Mark C. Mainwaring
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
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2
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López AV, Choi S, Park Y, Hanley D, Lee JW, Honza M, Bolmaro RE. Avian obligate brood parasitic lineages evolved variable complex polycrystalline structures to build tougher eggshells. iScience 2023; 26:108552. [PMID: 38144448 PMCID: PMC10746509 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian brood parasites and their hosts display varied egg-puncture behaviors, exerting asymmetric co-evolutionary selection pressures on eggshells' breaking strength. We investigated eggshell structural and textural characteristics that may improve its mechanical performance. Parasitic eggshell calcified layers showed complex ultra- and microstructural patterns. However, stronger parasitic eggshells are not due to lower textural severity (characterized by lower preferred crystallographic orientation, larger local grain misorientation and smaller Kearns factor), but rather to grain boundary (GB) microstructure characteristics within the eggshell outermost layer (palisade layer, PL). Accordingly, the thicker the PL and the more complex the GB pathways are, the tougher the parasitic eggshells will be. These characteristics, which we can identify as a "GB Engineering" driven co-evolutionary process, further improve eggshell breaking strength in those parasitic species that suffer relatively high frequencies of egg-puncturing by congeneric or hosts. Overall, plain textural patterns are not suitable predictors for comparing mechanical performance of bioceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía V. López
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Seung Choi
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yong Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Daniel Hanley
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Jin-Won Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
- Korea Institute of Ornithology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Marcel Honza
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raúl E. Bolmaro
- Instituto de Física Rosario, CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Prov. de Santa Fe S2000EKF, Argentina
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhong G, Wan G, Wang L, Liang W. Brood parasitism and egg recognition in three bunting hosts of the cuckoos. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10659. [PMID: 37869426 PMCID: PMC10587740 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies of egg recognition and rejection between various sympatric hosts provide insight into the coevolutionary history of the hosts and parasites, as well as the degree of antagonism between the species. Although buntings are widely considered to be a suitable host taxon for cuckoos, there has been relatively little research on this example of parasitism and host antiparasitic behaviour. Here we provided the first report on brood parasitism and egg recognition in three sympatric ground-nesting bunting hosts of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), namely the yellow-throated bunting (Emberiza elegans), south rock bunting (E. yunnanensis), and crested bunting (E. lathami). The results show that for the five breeding seasons during 2018-2022, the parasitism rate by common cuckoos was 0.87% and 0.45% in yellow-throated buntings and south rock buntings, respectively, whereas the parasitism rate by an unidentified parasite was 4% during 2018-2023 in the crested bunting. The rejection rates of the three bunting hosts for blue non-mimetic eggs were 89.3%, 88.9%, and 100% for yellow-throated buntings, south rock buntings, and crested buntings, respectively. The rejection rates for red non-mimetic eggs by yellow-throated buntings and south rock buntings were lower at 76.9% and 82.4%, respectively. All three sympatric bunting hosts examined had high levels of egg recognition and egg rejection, suggesting that it may have been subjected to high parasitic history and that egg recognition ability was retained after the loss of parasitism, which needs to be further verified by future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guo Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guixia Wan
- School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Longwu Wang
- School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
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4
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Attisano A, Gill BJ, Anderson MG, Gula R, Langmore NE, Okahisa Y, Sato NJ, Tanaka KD, Thorogood R, Ueda K, Theuerkauf J. Polymorphism at the nestling stage and host-specific mimicry in an Australasian cuckoo-host arms race. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:30-43. [PMID: 36426636 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have shown that the coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts can promote phenotypic diversification in hosts and brood parasites. However, relatively little is known about the role of brood parasitism in promoting phenotypic diversification of nestlings. We review field data collected over four decades in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand to assess potential for coevolutionary interactions between the shining bronze-cuckoo (Chalcites lucidus) and its hosts, and how diversification at the nestling stage may be generating different subspecies. The shining bronze-cuckoo is a specialist parasite of a few hosts in the family Acanthizidae. It has diversified into subspecies, of which the nestlings closely mimic the respective host nestlings in each region. Additionally, some cuckoo subspecies have polymorphic nestlings. The Acanthizidae hosts have similar breeding and nesting habits and only moderately effective frontline defences against parasitism at cuckoo egg laying or at the egg stages. However, some hosts have developed highly effective defences at the nestling stage by recognising and ejecting cuckoo nestlings from the nest. As with the cuckoo nestlings, some hosts have polymorphic nestlings. The coevolutionary interactions in each region suggest different evolutionary stages of the arms race in which either the parasite or the host is currently in the lead. The presence of moderately effective defences at the egg laying and egg stages might explain why some hosts do not have defences at the nestling stage. The south-Pacific cuckoo - host systems are excellent models to explore the evolutionary mechanisms driving the diversification at the nestling stage in the coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Attisano
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian J Gill
- Auckland Museum (retired), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael G Anderson
- School of Natural Sciences, Auckland Campus, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roman Gula
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Naomi E Langmore
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Rose Thorogood
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jörn Theuerkauf
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Holleley CE, Grieve AC, Grealy A, Medina I, Langmore NE. Thicker eggshells are not predicted by host egg ejection behaviour in four species of Australian cuckoo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6320. [PMID: 35428801 PMCID: PMC9012832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defences of hosts against brood parasitic cuckoos include detection and ejection of cuckoo eggs from the nest. Ejection behaviour often involves puncturing the cuckoo egg, which is predicted to drive the evolution of thicker eggshells in cuckoos that parasitise such hosts. Here we test this prediction in four Australian cuckoo species and their hosts, using Hall-effect magnetic-inference to directly estimate eggshell thickness in parasitised clutches. In Australia, hosts that build cup-shaped nests are generally adept at ejecting cuckoo eggs, whereas hosts that build dome-shaped nests mostly accept foreign eggs. We analysed two datasets: a small sample of hosts with known egg ejection rates and a broader sample of hosts where egg ejection behaviour was inferred based on nest type (dome or cup). Contrary to predictions, cuckoos that exploit dome-nesting hosts (acceptor hosts) had significantly thicker eggshells relative to their hosts than cuckoos that exploit cup-nesting hosts (ejector hosts). No difference in eggshell thicknesses was observed in the smaller sample of hosts with known egg ejection rates, probably due to lack of power. Overall cuckoo eggshell thickness did not deviate from the expected avian relationship between eggshell thickness and egg length estimated from 74 bird species. Our results do not support the hypothesis that thicker eggshells have evolved in response to host ejection behaviour in Australian cuckoos, but are consistent with the hypothesis that thicker eggshells have evolved to reduce the risk of breakage when eggs are dropped into dome nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Holleley
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Alice C Grieve
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Alicia Grealy
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Langmore Group, Research School of Biology, Building 46, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Iliana Medina
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Naomi E Langmore
- Langmore Group, Research School of Biology, Building 46, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
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6
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Clutch size and the rejection of parasitic eggs: a comparative test of the maternal investment hypothesis. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Turcotte-van de Rydt AV, Petalas C, Sblendorio JM, Pearl CA, Gill SA, Guigueno MF. Clutch Abandoning Parasitised Yellow Warblers Have Increased Circulating Corticosterone With No Effect of Past Corticosterone or Differences in Egg Maculation Characteristics. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.711732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental care can be costly to parents’ fitness. As such, abandonment of the current reproductive attempt may benefit potential future opportunities, maximising lifetime reproductive success. Obligate brood parasitism, a reproductive strategy in which parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other species and rely solely on them to raise the parasitic young, is an ideal system to study brood abandonment. Some parasitised host species have evolved anti-parasitic defences, notably clutch abandonment (egg burial and nest desertion), that may mitigate negative consequences of parasitism. Abandonment of clutches due to parasitism is not unlike abandonment of reproduction in times of stress, suggesting that host responses to parasitism could be triggered at least partly by elevated stress hormones that mediate individual decisions. Yet, the mechanistic basis for clutch abandonment remains unclear. Here, we experimentally parasitised clutches of yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia), a common host of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), with model cowbird eggs to examine whether host circulating corticosterone (CORT) differed among females that accepted parasitic eggs or rejected them through clutch abandonment. We also assessed whether feather CORT, a measure of past corticosterone exposure, differed between accepters and abandoners. Finally, we investigated whether egg visual signals, specifically differences in maculation characteristics between model cowbird and host eggs, predicted abandonment of experimentally parasitised clutches. Circulating CORT was higher in females who abandoned their parasitised clutches, but not in those who accepted, relative to controls with no egg addition. Past stress and differences in maculation characteristics did not predict whether individuals accepted or abandoned experimentally parasitised clutches. Moreover, differences in maculation characteristics between the host and model cowbird eggs did not predict CORT levels or nest abandonment. Thus, parasitism with subsequent clutch abandonment may be associated with elevated circulating CORT, but neither past stress nor differences in maculation characteristics influenced abandonment. The combination of these results contributes to our understanding of the roles of corticosterone and egg visual signals in the context of clutch abandonment in brood parasitism specifically, and of parental care more broadly.
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8
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Ma L, Liu J, Yang C, Liang W. Egg mimicry and host selection by common cuckoos among four sympatric host species breeding within a reed habitat. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the case of cuckoo parasitism, the maintenance of host specificity may be closely related to active host selection. In the reed wetlands of the Yongnian National Wetland Park, China, four host species of common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) with similar nest structures breed sympatrically, namely, the Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) (ORW), vinous-throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana) (VP), reed parrotbill (Paradoxornis heudei) (RP) and blunt-winged warbler (Acrocephalus concinens) (BW). Cuckoo parasitism rates on ORW (14.5%) and BW (18.2%) were found to be significantly higher than those on two species of parrotbills (RP 1.4% and VP 0%), and cuckoo eggs mimicked the size and coloration of ORW eggs significantly more closely than those of the eggs of the other three hosts. Egg recognition experiments revealed that the ability of ORW and VP to recognize nonmimetic eggs was significantly greater than that of BW and RP. Different life history strategies of the four hosts, including antiparasitic strategy, breeding time period and population density may partly explain the difference of parasitism in this multiple cuckoo-host system. Our study suggests that determining host life history traits and antiparasitic strategies are important for a better understanding of the specificity of host selection in common cuckoos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laikun Ma
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation, Hengshui University, Hengshui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Canchao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
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9
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A novel cuckoo search algorithm with adaptive discovery probability based on double Mersenne numbers. Neural Comput Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Chaumont MHJ, Langmore NE, Welbergen JA. The ghosts of parasitism past: lingering frontline anti-brood parasite defenses in a former host. Curr Zool 2021; 67:573-583. [PMID: 34805534 PMCID: PMC8598987 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts provide tractable systems for understanding antagonistic coevolution in nature; however, little is known about the fate of frontline antiparasite defenses when the host “wins” the coevolutionary arms race. By recreating bygone species interactions, using artificial parasitism experiments, lingering defensive behaviors that evolved in the context of parasitism can be understood and may even be used to identify the unknown agent of parasitism past. Here we present the first study of this type by evaluating lingering “frontline” nest defenses that have evolved to prevent egg laying in a former brood parasite host. The Australian reed warbler Acrocephalus australis is currently not parasitized but is known to exhibit fine-tuned egg discrimination—a defensive behavior indicative of a past brood parasite–host arms race and common in closely related parasitized species. Here, using 3D-printed models of adult brood parasites, we examined whether the Australian reed warbler also exhibits frontline defenses to adult brood parasites, and whether we could use these defenses to identify the warbler’s “ghost of parasitism past.” Our findings provide evidence that the Australian reed warbler readily engages in frontline defenses that are considered adaptive specifically in the context of brood parasitism. However, individuals were unable to discriminate between adults of different brood parasite species at their nest. Overall, our results demonstrate that despite a relaxation in selection, defenses against brood parasitism can be maintained across multiple stages of the host’s nesting cycle, and further suggest that, in accordance with previous findings, that learning may be important for fine-tuning frontline defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H J Chaumont
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Naomi E Langmore
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Justin A Welbergen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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11
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Ausprey IJ, Hauber ME. Host and brood parasite coevolutionary interactions covary with comparative patterns of the avian visual system. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210309. [PMID: 34582733 PMCID: PMC8478515 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In coevolutionary arms-races, reciprocal ecological interactions and their fitness impacts shape the course of phenotypic evolution. The classic example of avian host–brood parasite interactions selects for host recognition and rejection of increasingly mimetic foreign eggs. An essential component of perceptual mimicry is that parasitic eggs escape detection by host sensory systems, yet there is no direct evidence that the avian visual system covaries with parasitic egg recognition or mimicry. Here, we used eye size measurements collected from preserved museum specimens as a metric of the avian visual system for species involved in host–brood parasite interactions. We discovered that (i) hosts had smaller eyes compared with non-hosts, (ii) parasites had larger eyes compared with hosts before but not after phylogenetic corrections, perhaps owing to the limited number of independent evolutionary origins of obligate brood parasitism, (iii) egg rejection in hosts with non-mimetic parasitic eggs positively correlated with eye size, and (iv) eye size was positively associated with increased avian-perceived host–parasite eggshell similarity. These results imply that both host-use by parasites and anti-parasitic responses by hosts covary with a metric of the visual system across relevant bird species, providing comparative evidence for coevolutionary patterns of host and brood parasite sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Ausprey
- Florida Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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12
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Samaš P, Hauber ME, Honza M. A Meta-Analysis of Avian Egg Traits Cueing Egg-Rejection Defenses Against Brood Parasitism. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.703208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of hosts to reject the odd egg from their nest is one of the key defenses against avian brood parasitism. Considerable research effort has been devoted to exploring which phenotypic traits of eggshells facilitate to cue the recognition of the parasitic egg. Here we have reviewed studies addressing salient egg traits involved in the rejection of foreign eggs and used a formal meta-analysis to quantify their relative importance. Hosts appear to rely to a large extent on eggshell color traits, followed by maculation patterns. Hosts respond with similar rates of egg rejection to natural vs. model eggs and when breeding in both closed and open nests. Analyses of experiments on hosts of Cuculus and Molothrus parasites, the two best studied brood parasitic lineages with different co-evolutionary histories, yield similar conclusions. We also identify several poorly studied potential egg recognition cues, such as odor or weight, and recommend exploring even the visual traits in more detail, including chromatic and achromatic contrasts or experimentally manipulated egg maculation characteristics. Recent technological and sensory ecological advances open many new research avenues to experimentally examine the role of diverse egg characteristics in antiparasite defenses.
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13
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Liu JP, Zhang L, Zhang L, Yang CC, Yao CT, Lu X, Møller AP, Wan DM, Liang W. Egg recognition abilities of tit species in the Paridae family: do Indomalayan tits exhibit higher recognition than Palearctic tits? Zool Res 2020; 41:726-733. [PMID: 32918406 PMCID: PMC7671913 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the closely related cinereous tit ( Parus cinereus) and green-backed tit ( P. monticolus) in China display strong egg recognition ability in contrast to tit species in Europe, which lack such ability. However, egg recognition in other populations of cinereous and green-backed tits and additional Paridae species still requires further research. Here, we compared the egg recognition abilities of cinereous tits across China, green-backed tits ( P. m. insperatus) in Taiwan, China, and five other species from the Paridae family, including the marsh tit ( Poecile palustris), varied tit ( Sittiparus varius), willow tit ( Poecile montanus), coal tit ( Periparus ater), and ground tit ( Pseudopodoces humilis). Results showed that the Hebei (58.8% egg rejection, n=17) and Liaoning populations (53.3%, n=15) of cinereous tits, and the Guizhou (100%, n=12) and Taiwan populations (75%, n=12) of green-backed tits all exhibited high egg recognition ability. The egg recognition ability of these tits was significantly greater than that of the other five species in the Paridae family. The varied tit (5.4%, n=37), marsh tit (8.3%, n=12), willow tit (Hebei: 25%, n=20; Beijing: 9.5%, n=21), coal tit (16.7%, n=18), and ground tit (0, n=5) species all showed low egg recognition abilities, with no significant differences found among them. Egg recognition was not associated with a single phylogenetic group but occurred in several groups of tits. In particular, those species widely distributed in the Indomalayan realm, thus overlapping with small cuckoo species, displayed strong egg recognition ability, whereas tit species in the Palearctic realm exhibited low or no egg recognition ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China
| | - Can-Chao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Cheng-Te Yao
- High Altitude Experimental Station, Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan 55244, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex F-91405, France
| | - Dong-Mei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China. E-mail:
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China. E-mail:
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Medina I, Kilner RM, Langmore NE. From micro- to macroevolution: brood parasitism as a driver of phenotypic diversity in birds. Curr Zool 2020; 66:515-526. [PMID: 33293930 PMCID: PMC7705515 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how diversity evolves and why some clades are more diverse than others. Phenotypic diversity has often been shown to result from morphological adaptation to different habitats. The role of behavioral interactions as a driver of broadscale phenotypic diversity has received comparatively less attention. Behavioral interactions, however, are a key agent of natural selection. Antagonistic behavioral interactions with predators or with parasites can have significant fitness consequences, and hence act as strong evolutionary forces on the phenotype of species, ultimately generating diversity between species of both victims and exploiters. Avian obligate brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other species, their hosts, and this behavioral interaction between hosts and parasites is often considered one of the best examples of coevolution in the natural world. In this review, we use the coevolution between brood parasites and their hosts to illustrate the potential of behavioral interactions to drive evolution of phenotypic diversity at different taxonomic scales. We provide a bridge between behavioral ecology and macroevolution by describing how this interaction has increased avian phenotypic diversity not only in the brood parasitic clades but also in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Medina
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Kilner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Naomi E Langmore
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Hanley D, Gern K, Hauber ME, Grim T. Host Responses to Foreign Eggs across the Avian Visual Color Space. Am Nat 2019; 194:17-27. [DOI: 10.1086/703534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Cotter SC, Pincheira-Donoso D, Thorogood R. Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180207. [PMID: 30967090 PMCID: PMC6388036 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic interactions are so ubiquitous that all multicellular organisms have evolved a system of defences to reduce their costs, whether the parasites they encounter are the classic parasites which feed on the individual, or brood parasites which usurp parental care. Many parallels have been drawn between defences deployed against both types of parasite, but typically, while defences against classic parasites have been selected to protect survival, those against brood parasites have been selected to protect the parent's inclusive fitness, suggesting that the selection pressures they impose are fundamentally different. However, there is another class of defences against classic parasites that have specifically been selected to protect an individual's inclusive fitness, known as social immunity. Social immune responses include the anti-parasite defences typically provided for others in kin-structured groups, such as the antifungal secretions produced by termite workers to protect the brood. Defences against brood parasites, therefore, are more closely aligned with social immune responses. Much like social immunity, host defences against brood parasitism are employed by a donor (a parent) for the benefit of one or more recipients (typically kin), and as with social defences against classic parasites, defences have therefore evolved to protect the donor's inclusive fitness, not the survival or ultimately the fitness of individual recipients This can lead to severe conflicts between the different parties, whose interests are not always aligned. Here, we consider defences against brood parasitism in the light of social immunity, at different stages of parasite encounter, addressing where conflicts occur and how they might be resolved. We finish with considering how this approach could help us to address longstanding questions in our understanding of brood parasitism. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Cotter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, UK
| | - D. Pincheira-Donoso
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG1 8NS, UK
| | - R. Thorogood
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Medina I, Hall ML, Taylor CJ, Mulder RA, Langmore NE. Experimental increase in eviction load does not impose a growth cost for cuckoo chicks. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Canniff L, Dainson M, López AV, Hauber ME, Grim T, Samaš P, Hanley D. Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30199015 DOI: 10.3791/57512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brood parasites lay their eggs in other females' nests, leaving the host parents to hatch and rear their young. Studying how brood parasites manipulate hosts into raising their young and how hosts detect parasitism provide important insights in the field of coevolutionary biology. Brood parasites, such as cuckoos and cowbirds, gain an evolutionary advantage because they do not have to pay the costs of rearing their own young. However, these costs select for host defenses against all developmental stages of parasites, including eggs, their young, and adults. Egg rejection experiments are the most common method used to study host defenses. During these experiments, a researcher places an experimental egg in a host nest and monitors how hosts respond. Color is often manipulated, and the expectation is that the likelihood of egg discrimination and the degree of dissimilarity between the host and experimental egg are positively related. This paper serves as a guide for conducting egg rejection experiments from describing methods for creating consistent egg colors to analyzing the findings of such experiments. Special attention is given to a new method involving uniquely colored eggs along color gradients that has the potential to explore color biases in host recognition. Without standardization, it is not possible to compare findings between studies in a meaningful way; a standard protocol within this field will allow for increasingly accurate and comparable results for further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miri Dainson
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois
| | - Analía V López
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois
| | - Tomáš Grim
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacký University
| | - Peter Samaš
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
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19
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Bojarska K, Kuehn R, Gazda MA, Sato NJ, Okahisa Y, Tanaka KD, Attisano A, Gula R, Ueda K, Theuerkauf J. Mating system and extra-pair paternity in the Fan-tailed Gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis in relation to parasitism by the Shining Bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518150 PMCID: PMC5843341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-pair copulation can increase genetic diversity and offspring fitness. However, it may also increase intra-nest variability in avian hosts of brood parasites, which can decrease the discrimination ability of host parents towards the parasite. In New Caledonia, the Fan-tailed Gerygone (Gerygone flavolateralis), which is parasitized by the Shining Bronze-cuckoo (Chalcites lucidus), has two nestling morphs, dark and bright, that can occur in monomorphic and polymorphic broods. Gerygone parents recognize and eject parasite nestlings from their nest, but the presence of polymorphic broods may increase the chances of recognition errors. Using 17 microsatellite markers, we investigated the mating system of the Fan-tailed Gerygone to understand the mechanisms underlying nestling polymorphism. We hypothesised that extra-pair copulations would lead to a higher proportion of polymorphic broods caused by higher genetic variability, thus creating a trade-off between genetic benefits and host defence reliability. Extra-pair paternity occurred in 6 of 36 broods, which resulted in 6 of 69 offspring sired by extra-pair males. Broods with and without mixed paternity were comparably often parasitized. Extra-pair paternity did not influence the proportions of bright, dark and polymorphic broods. Compared to bright siblings in polymorphic broods, dark nestlings tended to have lower heterozygosity, particularly in loci associated with skin coloration. The results also suggested that there is no obstacle for genetic exchange between individuals from forest and savannah, possibly due to dispersal of offspring. We conclude that the Fan-tailed Gerygone is a socially monogamous species with a low rate of extra-pair paternity compared to closely related species. Extra-pair paternity increased offspring genetic variability without measurable associated costs by brood parasitism. The results highlight the importance of studying host mating systems to assess the trade-offs between host defence and offspring fitness in co-evolutionary arms races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bojarska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Unit of Molecular Zoology, Chair of Zoology, Department of Animal Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Kuehn
- Unit of Molecular Zoology, Chair of Zoology, Department of Animal Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,Department of Fish, Wildlife & Conservation Ecology and Molecular Biology Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Małgorzata A Gazda
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nozomu J Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Okahisa
- Department of Life Sciences, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita D Tanaka
- Department of Life Sciences, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alfredo Attisano
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Gula
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Department of Life Sciences, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jörn Theuerkauf
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Medina I, Langmore NE, Lanfear R, Kokko H. The Evolution of Clutch Size in Hosts of Avian Brood Parasites. Am Nat 2017; 190:E112-E123. [PMID: 29053356 DOI: 10.1086/693778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coevolution with avian brood parasites shapes a range of traits in their hosts, including morphology, behavior, and breeding systems. Here we explore whether brood parasitism is also associated with the evolution of host clutch size. Several studies have proposed that hosts of highly virulent parasites could decrease the costs of parasitism by evolving a smaller clutch size, because hosts with smaller clutches will lose fewer progeny when their clutch is parasitized. We describe a model of the evolution of clutch size, which challenges this logic and shows instead that an increase in clutch size (or no change) should evolve in hosts. We test this prediction using a broad-scale comparative analysis to ask whether there are differences in clutch size within hosts and between hosts and nonhosts. Consistent with our model, this analysis revealed that host species do not have smaller clutches and that hosts that incur larger costs from raising a parasite lay larger clutches. We suggest that brood parasitism might be an influential factor in clutch-size evolution and could potentially select for the evolution of larger clutches in host species.
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Ladin ZS, D'Amico V, Baetens JM, Roth RR, Shriver WG. Long‐term dynamics in local host–parasite interactions linked to regional population trends. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Ladin
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware 264 Townsend Hall Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Vincent D'Amico
- US Forest Service, Northern Research Station 531 South College Avenue Townsend Hall Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Jan M. Baetens
- Department of Mathematical Modeling, Statistics and Bioinformatics Ghent University Coupure links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Roland R. Roth
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware 250 Townsend Hall Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - W. Gregory Shriver
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware 250 Townsend Hall Newark Delaware 19716 USA
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Medina I, Langmore NE. The evolution of host specialisation in avian brood parasites. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1110-8. [PMID: 27417381 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional ecological theory predicts that specialisation can promote speciation; hence, recently derived species are specialists. However, an alternative view is that new species have broad niches, which become narrower and specialised over time. Here, we test these hypotheses using avian brood parasites and three different measures of host specialisation. Brood parasites provide an ideal system in which to investigate the evolution of specialisation, because some exploit more than 40 host species and others specialise on only one. We find that young brood parasite species are smaller and specialise on a narrower range of host sizes, as expected, if specialisation is linked with the generation of new species. Moreover, we show that highly virulent parasites are more specialised, supporting findings in other host-parasite systems. Finally, we demonstrate that different measures of specialisation can lead to different conclusions, and specialisation indices should be designed taking into account the biology of each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Medina
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Naomi E Langmore
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Liang W, Møller AP, Stokke BG, Yang C, Kovařík P, Wang H, Yao CT, Ding P, Lu X, Moksnes A, Røskaft E, Grim T. Geographic variation in egg ejection rate by great tits across 2 continents. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ruiz-Raya F, Soler M, Roncalli G, Abaurrea T, Ibáñez-Álamo JD. Egg rejection in blackbirds Turdus merula: a by-product of conspecific parasitism or successful resistance against interspecific brood parasites? Front Zool 2016; 13:16. [PMID: 27073406 PMCID: PMC4828832 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional theory assumes that egg recognition and rejection abilities arise as a response against interspecific brood parasitism (IBP). However, rejection also appears in some species that are currently not exploited by interspecific parasites, such as Turdus thrushes. Recent evidences suggest that rejection abilities evolved in these species as a response to conspecific brood parasitism (CBP). To test these two alternative hypotheses, we performed an experimental study by parasitizing nests of the common blackbird (Turdus merula) with conspecifics or heterospecific eggs under different risk of parasitism (presence of interspecific or conspecific parasites near the nest). Common blackbird is a potential host of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) but suffers low levels of CBP too. RESULTS We found that blackbirds were able to recognize and eject heterospecific eggs at high rates whereas most of conspecifics eggs were not recognized and, therefore, accepted. Ejection rates of conspecific eggs did not exceed 13 %, even in situations of high risk of CBP (blackbird female placed near the nest), which contradict the main prediction derived from the CBP hypothesis. Conversely, ejection rates of experimental eggs simulating IBP were much higher (80-100 %). Furthermore, female blackbirds were more aggressive towards cuckoos than towards blackbird dummies. CONCLUSIONS Our results considered together support the IBP hypothesis, indicating that recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs in blackbirds have probably evolved due to previous cuckoo parasitism. The current absence of IBP in blackbirds may be due to the highly efficient rejection abilities in this species. Thus, these abilities have been retained in absence of brood parasitism as a consequence of the low costs involved for blackbirds, resulting in a successful resistance against interspecific brood parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ruiz-Raya
- />Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Soler
- />Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gianluca Roncalli
- />Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Abaurrea
- />Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo
- />Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- />Behavioral and Physiological Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P. O. box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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Medina I, Troscianko J, Stevens M, Langmore NE. Brood Parasitism Is Linked to Egg Pattern Diversity within and among Species of Australian Passerines. Am Nat 2016; 187:351-62. [DOI: 10.1086/684627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stokke BG, Røskaft E, Moksnes A, Møller AP, Antonov A, Fossøy F, Liang W, López-Iborra G, Moskát C, Shykoff JA, Soler M, Vikan JR, Yang C, Takasu F. Disappearance of eggs from nonparasitized nests of brood parasite hosts: the evolutionary equilibrium hypothesis revisited. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bård G. Stokke
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology; NO-7491; Trondheim Norway
| | - Eivin Røskaft
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology; NO-7491; Trondheim Norway
| | - Arne Moksnes
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology; NO-7491; Trondheim Norway
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution; CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; 91400 Orsay France
| | - Anton Antonov
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology; NO-7491; Trondheim Norway
| | - Frode Fossøy
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology; NO-7491; Trondheim Norway
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology; College of Life Sciences; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 China
| | - Germán López-Iborra
- Departamento de Ecología/IMEM Ramon Margalef; Universidad de Alicante; Apartado 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Csaba Moskát
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; c/o Biological Institute; Eötvös Lóránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c; H-1117, Budapest Hungary and Hungarian Natural History Museum; Baross u. 13 Budapest H-1088 Hungary
| | - Jacqui A. Shykoff
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution; CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; 91400 Orsay France
| | - Manuel Soler
- Grupo Coevolución; Departamento de Biología Animal; Unidad Asociada al CSIC; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada E-18071 Spain
| | - Johan R. Vikan
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology; NO-7491; Trondheim Norway
| | - Canchao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology; College of Life Sciences; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 China
| | - Fugo Takasu
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences; Nara Women's University; Kita-Uoya Nishimachi; Nara 630-8506 Japan
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