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Abarzúa T, Camus I, Ortiz F, Ñunque A, Cubillos FA, Sabat P, Nespolo RF. Modeling heterothermic fitness landscapes in a marsupial hibernator using changes in body composition. Oecologia 2023; 203:79-93. [PMID: 37798536 PMCID: PMC10615951 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is an adaptive strategy that allows animals to enter a hypometabolic state, conserving energy and enhancing their fitness by surviving harsh environmental conditions. However, addressing the adaptive value of hibernation, at the individual level and in natural populations, has been challenging. Here, we applied a non-invasive technique, body composition analysis by quantitative magnetic resonance (qMR), to calculate energy savings by hibernation in a population of hibernating marsupials (Dromiciops gliroides). Using outdoor enclosures installed in a temperate rainforest, and measuring qMR periodically, we determined the amount of fat and lean mass consumed during a whole hibernation cycle. With this information, we estimated the daily energy expenditure of hibernation (DEEH) at the individual level and related to previous fat accumulation. Using model selection approaches and phenotypic selection analysis, we calculated linear (directional, β), quadratic (stabilizing or disruptive, γ) and correlational (ρ) coefficients for DEEH and fat accumulation. We found significant, negative directional selection for DEEH (βDEEH = - 0.58 ± 0.09), a positive value for fat accumulation (βFAT = 0.34 ± 0.07), and positive correlational selection between both traits (ρDEEH × FAT = 0.24 ± 0.07). Then, individuals maximizing previous fat accumulation and minimizing DEEH were promoted by selection, which is visualized by a bi-variate selection surface estimated by generalized additive models. At the comparative level, results fall within the isometric allometry known for hibernation metabolic rate in mammals. Thus, by a combination of a non-invasive technique for body composition analysis and semi-natural enclosures, we were characterized the heterothermic fitness landscape in a semi-natural population of hibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Abarzúa
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Isidora Camus
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Felipe Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Abel Ñunque
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco A Cubillos
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Valdivia, Chile.
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Rimbach R, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Anderson LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Speakman JR, Pontzer H. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:99. [PMID: 35013190 PMCID: PMC8748652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rimbach
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lene F Anderson
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Crewe, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Issaad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, UMR7178, France
| | | | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven Unversity of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | | | - Peter Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Misaka Kimura
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Maastricht and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital's-Hertogenbosch, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack Yanovski
- Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China.
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Oliveira FG, Mathias MDL, Rychlik L, Tapisso JT, von Merten S. Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The global trend of urbanization is creating novel challenges for many animal species. Studies investigating behavioral differences between rural and urban populations often report a general increase in risk-taking behaviors in urban populations. According to the most common energy management model (the performance model), behaviors that increase access to resources, such as aggression and boldness, and behaviors that consume net energy, like locomotion and stress responses, are both positively correlated to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thus, we expect urban populations to not only exhibit a higher level of risk-taking behavior but also a higher RMR. However, these interactions remain poorly investigated. Our main goal was to analyze the relationship between RMR and risk-taking behaviors in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in rural versus urban populations. Trapped shrews were brought to captivity where we measured RMR, boldness, and exploration rate three times in each individual. Our findings revealed that urban shrews were indeed bolder and more exploratory, but contrary to our expectations, their RMR was lower than that of rural shrews. This is likely explained by differences in the environmental conditions of these two habitats, such as higher ambient temperatures and/or lower prey availability in cities. When looking at each population separately, this relationship remained similar: urban shrews with a higher RMR were less bold, and rural shrews with a higher RMR showed a lower exploration rate. We conclude that the energetic strategy of C. russula is dependent on the environmental and observational context and cannot be explained by the performance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G Oliveira
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leszek Rychlik
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joaquim T Tapisso
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sophie von Merten
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Boratyński Z, Szyrmer M, Koteja P. The metabolic performance predicts home range size of bank voles: a support for the behavioral-bioenergetics theory. Oecologia 2020; 193:547-556. [PMID: 32638120 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pace-of-life syndrome describes covariation between life-history, behavioral and physiological traits; while, the emerging behavioral-bioenergetics theory proposes mechanistic links between those traits in a spatial-ecological context. However, little is known about the association between the limits to metabolic rate and spatial performance (i.e., mobility, home range size) in free-living individuals. Here we show, for the first time at the intra-specific level, that mobility traits increased with the aerobic exercise capacity ([Formula: see text]O2max) in a wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus): [Formula: see text]O2max affected directly the movement intensity, which in turn affected home ranges. The results show that evolution of high [Formula: see text]O2max could be driven by selection for spatial performance traits, and corroborate one of the key assumptions of the behavioral-bioenergetics theory. However, the minimum maintenance metabolism, measured as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), was not correlated with movement intensity, and the direction of the BMR-home range correlation tended to change with age of the voles. The latter result indicates that testing the theory will be particularly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. .,CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Monika Szyrmer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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5
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Kryštufek B, Tesakov AS, Lebedev VS, Bannikova AA, Abramson NI, Shenbrot G. Back to the future: the proper name for red-backed voles is Clethrionomys Tilesius and not Myodes Pallas. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo names (Clethrionomys and Myodes) are used interchangeably for red-backed voles, which is contrary to one of the fundamental principles of zoological nomenclature, that each taxon has a single and unique valid name. Fixation of Mus lemmus Linnaeus, 1758, as the type of Myodes Pallas, 1811, meets the requirements stipulated in the Article 69.1.1 of the 4th edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and is therefore valid. Hence, the genus group name Myodes is a junior synonym of Lemmus Link, 1795, and is not available for red-backed voles. The oldest valid name for red-backed voles is Clethrionomys Tilesius, 1850, with the type species (Mus rutilus Pallas, 1779) subsequently designated by Palmer (1928).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kryštufek
- Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexey S. Tesakov
- Laboratory of Quaternary Stratigraphy, Geological Institute RAS, Pyzhevsky lane 7, 119017 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna A. Bannikova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory 1/12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya I. Abramson
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya nab.1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Georgy Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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6
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Mazza V, Dammhahn M, Eccard JA, Palme R, Zaccaroni M, Jacob J. Coping with style: individual differences in responses to environmental variation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Réveillon T, Rota T, Chauvet É, Lecerf A, Sentis A. Repeatable inter‐individual variation in the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Réveillon
- EcoLab, Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Thibaut Rota
- EcoLab, Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Éric Chauvet
- EcoLab, Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Antoine Lecerf
- EcoLab, Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- IRSTEA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR RECOVER, 3275 route Cézanne FR‐13182 Aix‐en‐Provence France
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8
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Schirmer A, Herde A, Eccard JA, Dammhahn M. Individuals in space: personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization. Oecologia 2019; 189:647-660. [PMID: 30826867 PMCID: PMC6418052 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality-dependent space use and movement might be crucially influencing ecological interactions, giving way to individual niche specialization. This new approach challenges classical niche theory with potentially great ecological consequences, but so far has only scarce empirical support. Here, we investigated if and how consistent inter-individual differences in behavior predict space use and movement patterns in free-ranging bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and thereby contribute to individual niche specialization. Individuals were captured and marked from three different subpopulations in North-East Germany. Inter-individual differences in boldness and exploration were quantified via repeated standardized tests directly in the field after capture. Subsequently, space use and movement patterns of a representative sample of the behavioral variation (n = 21 individuals) were monitored via automated VHF telemetry for a period of four days, yielding on average 384 locations per individual. Bolder individuals occupied larger home ranges and core areas (estimated via kernel density analyses), moved longer distances, spatially overlapped with fewer conspecifics and preferred different microhabitats based on vegetation cover compared to shyer individuals. We found evidence for personality-dependent space use, movement, and occupation of individual spatial niches in bank voles. Thus, besides dietary niche specialization also spatial dimensions of ecological niches vary among individuals within populations, which may have important consequences for ecological interactions within- and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schirmer
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Antje Herde
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Boratyński Z, Koskela E, Mappes T, Mills SC, Mokkonen M. Maintenance costs of male dominance and sexually antagonistic selection in the wild. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- CIBIO/InBIOResearch Center in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesUniversity of Porto, Vairão Vairão Portugal
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Esa Koskela
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Suzanne C. Mills
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL” Corail France
| | - Mikael Mokkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Department of BiologyKwantlen Polytechnic University Surrey British Columbia Canada
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10
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Pettersen AK, White CR, Bryson‐Richardson RJ, Marshall DJ. Does the cost of development scale allometrically with offspring size? Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Pettersen
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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11
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Genoud M, Isler K, Martin RD. Comparative analyses of basal rate of metabolism in mammals: data selection does matter. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:404-438. [PMID: 28752629 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basal rate of metabolism (BMR) is a physiological parameter that should be measured under strictly defined experimental conditions. In comparative analyses among mammals BMR is widely used as an index of the intensity of the metabolic machinery or as a proxy for energy expenditure. Many databases with BMR values for mammals are available, but the criteria used to select metabolic data as BMR estimates have often varied and the potential effect of this variability has rarely been questioned. We provide a new, expanded BMR database reflecting compliance with standard criteria (resting, postabsorptive state; thermal neutrality; adult, non-reproductive status for females) and examine potential effects of differential selectivity on the results of comparative analyses. The database includes 1739 different entries for 817 species of mammals, compiled from the original sources. It provides information permitting assessment of the validity of each estimate and presents the value closest to a proper BMR for each entry. Using different selection criteria, several alternative data sets were extracted and used in comparative analyses of (i) the scaling of BMR to body mass and (ii) the relationship between brain mass and BMR. It was expected that results would be especially dependent on selection criteria with small sample sizes and with relatively weak relationships. Phylogenetically informed regression (phylogenetic generalized least squares, PGLS) was applied to the alternative data sets for several different clades (Mammalia, Eutheria, Metatheria, or individual orders). For Mammalia, a 'subsampling procedure' was also applied, in which random subsamples of different sample sizes were taken from each original data set and successively analysed. In each case, two data sets with identical sample size and species, but comprising BMR data with different degrees of reliability, were compared. Selection criteria had minor effects on scaling equations computed for large clades (Mammalia, Eutheria, Metatheria), although less-reliable estimates of BMR were generally about 12-20% larger than more-reliable ones. Larger effects were found with more-limited clades, such as sciuromorph rodents. For the relationship between BMR and brain mass the results of comparative analyses were found to depend strongly on the data set used, especially with more-limited, order-level clades. In fact, with small sample sizes (e.g. <100) results often appeared erratic. Subsampling revealed that sample size has a non-linear effect on the probability of a zero slope for a given relationship. Depending on the species included, results could differ dramatically, especially with small sample sizes. Overall, our findings indicate a need for due diligence when selecting BMR estimates and caution regarding results (even if seemingly significant) with small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Genoud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karin Isler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert D Martin
- Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, U.S.A.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Auer SK, Killen SS, Rezende EL. Resting vs. active: a meta-analysis of the intra- and inter-specific associations between minimum, sustained, and maximum metabolic rates in vertebrates. Funct Ecol 2017; 31:1728-1738. [PMID: 28979057 PMCID: PMC5600087 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Variation in aerobic capacity has far reaching consequences for the physiology, ecology, and evolution of vertebrates. Whether at rest or active, animals are constrained to operate within the energetic bounds determined by their minimum (minMR) and sustained or maximum metabolic rates (upperMR). MinMR and upperMR can differ considerably among individuals and species but are often presumed to be mechanistically linked to one another. Specifically, minMR is thought to reflect the idling cost of the machinery needed to support upperMR. However, previous analyses based on limited datasets have come to conflicting conclusions regarding the generality and strength of their association. Here we conduct the first comprehensive assessment of their relationship, based on a large number of published estimates of both the intra‐specific (n = 176) and inter‐specific (n = 41) phenotypic correlations between minMR and upperMR, estimated as either exercise‐induced maximum metabolic rate (VO2max), cold‐induced summit metabolic rate (Msum), or daily energy expenditure (DEE). Our meta‐analysis shows that there is a general positive association between minMR and upperMR that is shared among vertebrate taxonomic classes. However, there was stronger evidence for intra‐specific correlations between minMR and Msum and between minMR and DEE than there was for a correlation between minMR and VO2max across different taxa. As expected, inter‐specific correlation estimates were consistently higher than intra‐specific estimates across all traits and vertebrate classes. An interesting exception to this general trend was observed in mammals, which contrast with birds and exhibit no correlation between minMR and Msum. We speculate that this is due to the evolution and recruitment of brown fat as a thermogenic tissue, which illustrates how some species and lineages might circumvent this seemingly general association. We conclude that, in spite of some variability across taxa and traits, the contention that minMR and upperMR are positively correlated generally holds true both within and across vertebrate species. Ecological and comparative studies should therefore take into consideration the possibility that variation in any one of these traits might partly reflect correlated responses to selection on other metabolic parameters.
A lay summary is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
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Boratyński JS, Jefimow M, Wojciechowski MS. Individual Differences in the Phenotypic Flexibility of Basal Metabolic Rate in Siberian Hamsters Are Consistent on Short- and Long-Term Timescales. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 90:139-152. [PMID: 28277958 DOI: 10.1086/689870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) correlates with the cost of life in endothermic animals. It usually differs consistently among individuals in a population, but it may be adjusted in response to predictable or unpredictable changes in the environment. The phenotypic flexibility of BMR is considered an adaptation to living in a stochastic environment; however, whether it is also repeatable it is still unexplored. Assuming that variations in phenotypic flexibility are evolutionarily important, we hypothesized that they are consistently different among individuals. We predicted that not only BMR but also its flexibility in response to changes in ambient temperature (Ta) are repeatable on short- and long-term timescales. To examine this, we acclimated Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) for 100 d to winterlike and then to summerlike conditions, and after each acclimation we exposed them interchangeably to 10° and 28°C for 14 d. The difference in BMR measured after each exposure defined an individual's phenotypic flexibility (ΔBMR). BMR was repeatable within and among seasons. It was also flexible in both seasons, but in winter this flexibility was lower in individuals responding to seasonal changes than in nonresponding ones. When we accounted for individual responsiveness, the repeatability of ΔBMR was significant in winter (τ = 0.48, P = 0.01) and in summer (τ = 0.55, P = 0.005). Finally, the flexibility of BMR in response to changes in Ta was also repeatable on a long-term timescale, that is, among seasons (τ = 0.31, P = 0.008). Our results indicate the evolutionary importance of the phenotypic flexibility of energy metabolism and suggest that it may be subject to selection.
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Pettersen AK, White CR, Marshall DJ. Why does offspring size affect performance? Integrating metabolic scaling with life-history theory. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1946. [PMID: 26559952 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within species, larger offspring typically outperform smaller offspring. While the relationship between offspring size and performance is ubiquitous, the cause of this relationship remains elusive. By linking metabolic and life-history theory, we provide a general explanation for why larger offspring perform better than smaller offspring. Using high-throughput respirometry arrays, we link metabolic rate to offspring size in two species of marine bryozoan. We found that metabolism scales allometrically with offspring size in both species: while larger offspring use absolutely more energy than smaller offspring, larger offspring use proportionally less of their maternally derived energy throughout the dependent, non-feeding phase. The increased metabolic efficiency of larger offspring while dependent on maternal investment may explain offspring size effects-larger offspring reach nutritional independence (feed for themselves) with a higher proportion of energy relative to structure than smaller offspring. These findings offer a potentially universal explanation for why larger offspring tend to perform better than smaller offspring but studies on other taxa are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Craig R White
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dustin J Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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15
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Sadowska ET, Stawski C, Rudolf A, Dheyongera G, Chrząścik KM, Baliga-Klimczyk K, Koteja P. Evolution of basal metabolic rate in bank voles from a multidirectional selection experiment. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150025. [PMID: 25876844 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major theme in evolutionary and ecological physiology of terrestrial vertebrates encompasses the factors underlying the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals and interspecific variation of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Here, we applied the experimental evolution approach and compared BMR in lines of a wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), selected for 11 generations for: high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (A), ability to maintain body mass on a low-quality herbivorous diet (H) and intensity of predatory behaviour towards crickets (P). Four replicate lines were maintained for each of the selection directions and an unselected control (C). In comparison to C lines, A lines achieved a 49% higher maximum rate of oxygen consumption during swimming, H lines lost 1.3 g less mass in the test with low-quality diet and P lines attacked crickets five times more frequently. BMR was significantly higher in A lines than in C or H lines (60.8, 56.6 and 54.4 ml O2 h(-1), respectively), and the values were intermediate in P lines (59.0 ml O2 h(-1)). Results of the selection experiment provide support for the hypothesis of a positive association between BMR and aerobic exercise performance, but not for the association of adaptation to herbivorous diet with either a high or low BMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Clare Stawski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Agata Rudolf
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Geoffrey Dheyongera
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Chrząścik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Baliga-Klimczyk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
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Nilsson JF, Nilsson JÅ. Fluctuating selection on basal metabolic rate. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1197-202. [PMID: 26839687 PMCID: PMC4725447 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BMR (Basal metabolic rate) is an important trait in animal life history as it represents a significant part of animal energy budgets. BMR has also been shown to be positively related to sustainable work rate and maximal thermoregulatory capacity. To this date, most of the studies have focused on the causes of interspecific and intraspecific variation in BMR, and fairly little is known about the fitness consequences of different metabolic strategies. In this study, we show that winter BMR affects local survival in a population of wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), but that the selection direction differs between years. We argue that this fluctuating selection is probably a consequence of varying winter climate with a positive relation between survival and BMR during cold and harsh conditions, but a negative relation during mild winters. This fluctuating selection can not only explain the pronounced variation in BMR in wild populations, but will also give us new insights into how energy turnover rates can shape the life‐history strategies of animals. Furthermore, the study shows that the process of global warming may cause directional selection for a general reduction in BMR, affecting the general life‐history strategy on the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Lund University Ecology Building SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Lund University Ecology Building SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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17
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Castellanos-Frías E, García-Perea R, Gisbert J, Bozinovic F, Virgós E. Intraspecific variation in the energetics of the Cabrera vole. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 190:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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The Sex Specific Genetic Variation of Energetics in Bank Voles, Consequences of Introgression? Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Løvlie H, Immonen E, Gustavsson E, Kazancioğlu E, Arnqvist G. The influence of mitonuclear genetic variation on personality in seed beetles. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20141039. [PMID: 25320161 PMCID: PMC4213632 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing awareness of the influence of mitochondrial genetic variation on life-history phenotypes, particularly via epistatic interactions with nuclear genes. Owing to their direct effect on traits such as metabolic and growth rates, mitonuclear interactions may also affect variation in behavioural types or personalities (i.e. behavioural variation that is consistent within individuals, but differs among individuals). However, this possibility is largely unexplored. We used mitonuclear introgression lines, where three mitochondrial genomes were introgressed into three nuclear genetic backgrounds, to disentangle genetic effects on behavioural variation in a seed beetle. We found within-individual consistency in a suite of activity-related behaviours, providing evidence for variation in personality. Composite measures of overall activity of individuals in behavioural assays were influenced by both nuclear genetic variation and by the interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. More importantly, the degree of expression of behavioural and life-history phenotypes was correlated and mitonuclear genetic variation affected expression of these concerted phenotypes. These results show that mitonuclear genetic variation affects both behavioural and life-history traits, and they provide novel insights into the maintenance of genetic variation in behaviour and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Løvlie
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elina Immonen
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Gustavsson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erem Kazancioğlu
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Auer SK, Salin K, Rudolf AM, Anderson GJ, Metcalfe NB. Flexibility in metabolic rate confers a growth advantage under changing food availability. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1405-11. [PMID: 25939669 PMCID: PMC4682473 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility in physiological, morphological and behavioural traits can allow organisms to cope with environmental challenges. Given recent climate change and the degree of habitat modification currently experienced by many organisms, it is therefore critical to quantify the degree of phenotypic variation present within populations, individual capacities to change and what their consequences are for fitness.
Flexibility in standard metabolic rate (SMR) may be particularly important since SMR reflects the minimal energetic cost of living and is one of the primary traits underlying organismal performance. SMR can increase or decrease in response to food availability, but the consequences of these changes for growth rates and other fitness components are not well known.
We examined individual variation in metabolic flexibility in response to changing food levels and its consequences for somatic growth in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta).
SMR increased when individuals were switched to a high food ration and decreased when they were switched to a low food regime. These shifts in SMR, in turn, were linked with individual differences in somatic growth; those individuals that increased their SMR more in response to elevated food levels grew fastest, while growth at the low food level was fastest in those individuals that depressed their SMR most.
Flexibility in energy metabolism is therefore a key mechanism to maximize growth rates under the challenges imposed by variability in food availability and is likely to be an important determinant of species’ resilience in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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21
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Sadowska J, Gębczyński AK, Konarzewski M. Effect of reproduction on the consistency of the between-line type divergence in laboratory mice selected on Basal metabolic rate. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:328-35. [PMID: 25860830 DOI: 10.1086/680167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Artificial selection experiments are an effective tool for testing evolutionary hypotheses, because they allow one to separate genetic and environmental variances of the phenotype. However, it is unclear whether trait divergence typically selected early in life persists over an animal's life and altered physiological states, such as reproduction. Here we analyzed the long-term consistency of the between-line type divergence in basal metabolic rate (BMR) selected at 12 wk of age in laboratory mice. We measured BMR in nonreproducing and reproducing females at the age of 22 wk and then at 27 wk of age. Our results show that within both the reproducing group and the control group, the between-line type separation in BMR is consistently retained over time and reproductive status. Metabolically active internal organs (heart, liver, kidneys, and small intestine) also consistently differed in size between the two line types with no significant long-term effect of reproduction. The observed consistency of the between-line type divergence in BMR suggests the existence of the persistent effect of the selection on metabolic traits applied early in life. Moreover, BMR variation achieved by means of artificial selection is considerably higher than that found in natural/unmanipulated populations. The latter may therefore be characterized by insufficient variance to statistically resolve correlations involving BMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Sadowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
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Stawski C, Koteja P, Sadowska ET, Jefimow M, Wojciechowski MS. Selection for high activity-related aerobic metabolism does not alter the capacity of non-shivering thermogenesis in bank voles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 180:51-6. [PMID: 25446149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing question is how the capacity of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST)-a special mechanism supporting endothermic thermoregulation in mammals-is affected by selection for high exercise metabolism. It has been proposed that high NST could be a mechanism to compensate for a low basal production of heat. On the other hand, high basal or activity metabolism is associated with physiological characteristics such as high performance of the circulatory system, which are also required for achieving a high NST. Here we tested whether selection for high aerobic exercise performance, which correlates with an increased basal metabolic rate, led to a correlated evolution of maximum and facultative NST. Therefore, we measured the NST of bank voles, Myodes (= Clethrionomys) glareolus, from lines selected for 13-14 generations (n=46) for high aerobic metabolism achieved during swimming and from unselected, control lines (n=46). Open-flow respirometry was used to measure the rate of oxygen consumption (V(·)O2) in anesthetized bank voles injected with noradrenaline (NA). After adjusting for body mass, maximum NST (maximum V(·)O2 recorded after injection of NA) did not differ between the selected (2.38±0.08 mLO2min(-1)) and control lines (2.36±0.08 mLO2min(-1); P=0.891). Facultative NST (= maximum NST minus resting metabolic rate of anesthetized animals) did not differ between the selected (1.49±0.07 mLO2min(-1)) and control lines (1.50±0.07 mLO2min(-1); P=0.985), either. Therefore, our results suggest that NST capacity is not strongly linked to maximum activity-related aerobic metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Stawski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jefimow
- Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał S Wojciechowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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23
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Learning ability in bank voles selected for high aerobic metabolism, predatory behaviour and herbivorous capability. Physiol Behav 2014; 135:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Szafrańska PA, Zub K, Konarzewski M. Seasonal variation of resting metabolic rate and body mass in free-living weasels Mustela nivalis. Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:791-8. [PMID: 24241075 DOI: 10.1086/673286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic rates and body mass of mammals vary seasonally along with ambient temperatures and food availability. At the population level, seasonal changes in metabolic rate and mass can be due to selective mortality or emigration of individuals whose metabolic rate or mass differs from the average for the population. Alternatively, the metabolic rates of individuals can change seasonally, such that the population average increases or decreases due to shifts in the physiology of the overall population. The latter implies that individuals respond in a similar manner to changing seasonal conditions. We studied seasonal changes in body mass (BM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in free-ranging male weasels (Mustela nivalis) to test the consistency of these traits in individuals caught in different seasons of the year. At the population level, BM was remarkably stable across the seasons (F(3, 124)=0.25, P=0.9). In contrast, BM- corrected RMR varied significantly between seasons and was the lowest in winter (F(3, 135)=9.13, P<0.0001). We demonstrated that individual weasels were consistent in how their BM and RMR deviated from the seasonal means for the population (intraclass correlation, τ=0.78 and 0.33, respectively). This variation among individuals explained ~76% and 27% of the total variation of BM and basal metabolic rate, respectively. Hence, the relatively constant BM at the population level across seasons is due to a relative constancy of BM in individuals. Our study is one of relatively few research projects that demonstrate that seasonal changes in RMR observed in the wild population are in part due to a consistency in individual responses to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A Szafrańska
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża 17-230, Poland; 2University of Białystok, Białystok 15-097, Poland
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Speakman JR. Measuring energy metabolism in the mouse - theoretical, practical, and analytical considerations. Front Physiol 2013; 4:34. [PMID: 23504620 PMCID: PMC3596737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse is one of the most important model organisms for understanding human genetic function and disease. This includes characterization of the factors that influence energy expenditure and dysregulation of energy balance leading to obesity and its sequelae. Measuring energy metabolism in the mouse presents a challenge because the animals are small, and in this respect it presents similar challenges to measuring energy demands in many other species of small mammal. This paper considers some theoretical, practical, and analytical considerations to be considered when measuring energy expenditure in mice. Theoretically total daily energy expenditure is comprised of several different components: basal or resting expenditure, physical activity, thermoregulation, and the thermic effect of food. Energy expenditure in mice is normally measured using open flow indirect calorimetry apparatus. Two types of system are available – one of which involves a single small Spartan chamber linked to a single analyzer, which is ideal for measuring the individual components of energy demand. The other type of system involves a large chamber which mimics the home cage environment and is generally configured with several chambers/analyzer. These latter systems are ideal for measuring total daily energy expenditure but at present do not allow accurate decomposition of the total expenditure into its components. The greatest analytical challenge for mouse expenditure data is how to account for body size differences between individuals. This has been a matter of some discussion for at least 120 years. The statistically most appropriate approach is to use analysis of covariance with individual aspects of body composition as independent predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Bartelik A, Ciesla M, Kotlinowski J, Bartelik S, Czaplicki D, Grochot-Przeczek A, Kurowski K, Koteja P, Dulak J, Józkowicz A. Development of hyperglycemia and diabetes in captive Polish bank voles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 183:69-78. [PMID: 23291363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has been detected in Danish and Swedish bank voles (Myodes glareolus). There are no data, however, concerning the prevalence of diabetes in populations from other geographic regions. We investigated the frequency and physiological effects of glucose metabolism disorders in captive bank voles from Poland. Single measurement of fasting blood glucose concentration performed in the 3-4month old captive-born bank Polish voles without any disease symptoms showed that 8% of individuals (22/284) displayed an impaired fasting glucose (IFG, blood glucose (BG) ≥100mg/dL) and 1% (4/284) showed hyperglycemia (BG ≥126mg/dL) which could suggest diabetes. Next, we analyzed blood glucose in samples taken once a month from an additional cohort of bank voles with (FHD), or without (H), a family history of diabetes. The prevalence of IFG at age six months was 26% (16/62) among bank voles from the H group. In the FHD group the prevalence increased to 49% (43/88), and additional 12% (11/88) became diabetic (DB, BG ≥126mg/dL at two time points). Postnatal stress (three maternal deprivations before weaning) did not affect the risk of developing IFG or DB in H voles, but significantly reduced the frequency of glucose metabolism disorders (IFG and DB combined) in FHD voles. IFG was associated with hyperinsulinemia, but not with other biochemical disturbances. Diabetic animals displayed a progressive malformation and vacuolization of β-cells in the pancreas, without visible leukocytic infiltrations. In summary, our results indicate that Polish captive bank voles can develop diabetes, which shows features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in humans. Risk of diabetes is higher in animal with FHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bartelik
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Merritt L, Matthews PGD, White CR. Performance correlates of resting metabolic rate in garden skinks Lampropholis delicata. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 183:663-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Franco M, Contreras C, Cortés P, Chappell MA, Soto-Gamboa M, Nespolo RF. Aerobic power, huddling and the efficiency of torpor in the South American marsupial, Dromiciops gliroides. Biol Open 2012; 1:1178-84. [PMID: 23259051 PMCID: PMC3522878 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During periods of cold, small endotherms depend on a continuous supply of food and energy to maintain euthermic body temperature (T(b)), which can be challenging if food is limited. In these conditions, energy-saving strategies are critical to reduce the energetic requirements for survival. Mammals from temperate regions show a wide arrange of such strategies, including torpor and huddling. Here we provide a quantitative description of thermoregulatory capacities and energy-saving strategies in Dromiciops gliroides, a Microbiotherid marsupial inhabiting temperate rain forests. Unlike many mammals from temperate regions, preliminary studies have suggested that this species has low capacity for control and regulation of body temperature, but there is still an incomplete picture of its bioenergetics. In order to more fully understand the physiological capacities of this "living fossil", we measured its scope of aerobic power and the interaction between huddling and torpor. Specifically, we evaluated: (1) the relation between basal (BMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and (2) the role of huddling on the characteristics of torpor at different temperatures. We found that BMR and MMR were above the expected values for marsupials and the factorial aerobic scope (from [Formula: see text]CO(2)) was 6.0±0.45 (using [Formula: see text]CO(2)) and 6.2±0.23 (using [Formula: see text]O(2)), an unusually low value for mammals. Also, repeatability of physiological variables was non-significant, as in previous studies, suggesting poor time-consistency of energy metabolism. Comparisons of energy expenditure and body temperature (using attached data-loggers) between grouped and isolated individuals showed that at 20°C both average resting metabolic rate and body temperature were higher in groups, essentially because animals remained non-torpid. At 10°C, however, all individuals became torpid and no differences were observed between grouped and isolated individuals. In summary, our study suggests that the main response of Dromiciops gliroides to low ambient temperature is reduced body temperature and torpor, irrespective of huddling. Low aerobic power and low time-consistency of most thermoregulatory traits of Dromiciops gliroides support the idea of poor thermoregulatory abilities in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Franco
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile , Casilla 567, Valdivia , Chile
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Schimpf NG, Matthews PGD, White CR. Standard metabolic rate is associated with gestation duration, but not clutch size, in speckled cockroaches Nauphoeta cinerea. Biol Open 2012; 1:1185-91. [PMID: 23259052 PMCID: PMC3522879 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rate varies significantly between individuals, and these differences persist even when the wide range of biotic and abiotic factors that influence metabolism are accounted for. It is important to understand the life history implications of variation in metabolic rate, but they remain poorly characterised despite a growing body of work examining relationships between metabolism and a range of traits. In the present study we used laboratory-bred families (one sire to three dams) of Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) (speckled cockroaches) to examine the relationship between standard metabolic rate (SMR) and reproductive performance (number of offspring and gestation duration). We show that SMR is negatively associated with female gestation duration. Age at mating is negatively associated with gestation duration for females, and mass is negatively associated with the average gestation duration of the females a male was mated with. In addition to the results in the current literature, the results from the present study suggest that the association between metabolism and life history is more complex than simple relationships between metabolism and various fitness traits. Future work should consider longitudinal, ontogenetic as well as selective and quantitative genetic breeding approaches to fully examine the associations between metabolism and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G Schimpf
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland , St Lucia 4072 , Australia
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Reid D, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. The performance advantage of a high resting metabolic rate in juvenile salmon is habitat dependent. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:868-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chappell MA, Savard JF, Siani J, Coleman SW, Keagy J, Borgia G. Aerobic capacity in wild satin bowerbirds: repeatability and effects of age, sex and condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 214:3186-96. [PMID: 21900466 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.055046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in aerobic capacity has been extensively studied, especially with respect to condition, maturity or pathogen infection, and to gain insights into mechanistic foundations of performance. However, its relationship to mate competition is less well understood, particularly for animals in natural habitats. We examined aerobic capacity [maximum rate of O2 consumption (VO2,max) in forced exercise] in wild satin bowerbirds, an Australian passerine with a non-resource based mating system and strong intermale sexual competition. We tested for repeatability of mass and VO2,max, differences among age and sex classes, and effects of several condition indices. In adult males, we examined interactions between aerobic performance and bower ownership (required for male mating success). There was significant repeatability of mass and VO2,max within and between years, but between-year repeatability was lower than within-year repeatability. VO2,max varied with an overall scaling to mass(0.791), but most variance in VO2,max was not explained by mass. Indicators of condition (tarsus and wing length asymmetry, the ratio of tarsus length to mass) were not correlated to VO2,max. Ectoparasite counts were weakly correlated to VO2,max across all age-sex classes but not within any class. Adult males, the cohort with the most intense levels of mating competition, had higher VO2,max than juvenile birds or adult females. However, there was no difference between the VO2,max of bower-owning males and that of males not known to hold bowers. Thus one major factor determining male reproductive success was not correlated to aerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chappell
- Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Boratyński Z, Alves PC, Berto S, Koskela E, Mappes T, Melo-Ferreira J. Introgression of mitochondrial DNA among Myodes voles: consequences for energetics? BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:355. [PMID: 22151479 PMCID: PMC3260118 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is among the most frequently described cases of reticulate evolution. The tendency of mtDNA to cross interspecific barriers is somewhat counter-intuitive considering the key function of enzymes that it encodes in the oxidative-phosphorylation process, which could give rise to hybrid dysfunction. How mtDNA reticulation affects the evolution of metabolic functions is, however, uncertain. Here we investigated how morpho-physiological traits vary in natural populations of a common rodent (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus) and whether this variation could be associated with mtDNA introgression. First, we confirmed that M. glareolus harbour mtDNA introgressed from M. rutilus by analyzing mtDNA (cytochrome b, 954 bp) and nuclear DNA (four markers; 2333 bp in total) sequence variation and reconstructing loci phylogenies among six natural populations in Finland. We then studied geographic variation in body size and basal metabolic rate (BMR) among the populations of M. glareolus and tested its relationship with mtDNA type. RESULTS Myodes glareolus and its arctic neighbour, M. rutilus, are reciprocally monophyletic at the analyzed nuclear DNA loci. In contrast, the two northernmost populations of M. glareolus have a fixed mitotype that is shared with M. rutilus, likely due to introgressive hybridization. The analyses of phenotypic traits revealed that the body mass and whole-body, but not mass corrected, BMR are significantly reduced in M. glareolus females from northern Finland that also have the introgressed mitotype. Restricting the analysis to the single population where the mitotypes coexist, the association of mtDNA type with whole-body BMR remained but those with mass corrected BMR and body mass did not. Mitochondrial sequence variation in the introgressed haplotypes is compatible with demographic growth of the populations, but may also be a result of positive selection. CONCLUSION Our results show that the phenotypic traits vary markedly along the north-south axis of populations of M. glareolus. This variation may be related to adaptation to local environments and coincides with the gradient of genome reticulation between M. glareolus and M. rutilus, which was assessed by mtDNA introgression. Introgression of mtDNA may have affected morpho-physiological traits but do not show strong effects on either body mass or basal metabolic rate alone. We discuss the causes and biological meaning of our results and the means to clarify these questions in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Stress-induced rise in body temperature is repeatable in free-ranging Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). J Comp Physiol B 2011; 182:403-14. [PMID: 22076533 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In response to handling or other acute stressors, most mammals, including humans, experience a temporary rise in body temperature (T(b)). Although this stress-induced rise in T(b) has been extensively studied on model organisms under controlled environments, individual variation in this interesting phenomenon has not been examined in the field. We investigated the stress-induced rise in T(b) in free-ranging eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) to determine first if it is repeatable. We predicted that the stress-induced rise in T(b) should be positively correlated to factors affecting heat production and heat dissipation, including ambient temperature (T(a)), body mass (M(b)), and field metabolic rate (FMR). Over two summers, we recorded both T(b) within the first minute of handling time (T(b1)) and after 5 min of handling time (T(b5)) 294 times on 140 individuals. The mean ∆T(b) (T(b5) - T(b1)) during this short interval was 0.30 ± 0.02°C, confirming that the stress-induced rise in T(b) occurs in chipmunks. Consistent differences among individuals accounted for 40% of the total variation in ∆T(b) (i.e. the stress-induced rise in T(b) is significantly repeatable). We also found that the stress-induced rise in T(b) was positively correlated to T(a), M(b), and mass-adjusted FMR. These results confirm that individuals consistently differ in their expression of the stress-induced rise in T(b) and that the extent of its expression is affected by factors related to heat production and dissipation. We highlight some research constraints and opportunities related to the integration of this laboratory paradigm into physiological and evolutionary ecology.
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Norin T, Malte H. Repeatability of standard metabolic rate, active metabolic rate and aerobic scope in young brown trout during a period of moderate food availability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 214:1668-75. [PMID: 21525312 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.054205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and active metabolic rate (AMR) are two fundamental physiological parameters providing the floor and ceiling in aerobic energy metabolism. The total amount of energy available within these two parameters confines constitutes the absolute aerobic scope (AAS). Previous studies on fish have found SMR to closely correlate with dominance and position in the social hierarchy, and to be highly repeatable over time when fish were provided an ad libitum diet. In this study we tested the temporal repeatability of individual SMR, AMR and AAS, as well as repeatability of body mass, in young brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) fed a moderately restricted diet (0.5-0.7% fish mass day⁻¹). Metabolism was estimated from measurements of oxygen consumption rate (M(.)(O₂)) and repeatability was evaluated four times across a 15-week period. Individual body mass was highly repeatable across the entire 15 week experimental period whereas residual body-mass-corrected SMR, AMR and AAS showed a gradual loss of repeatability over time. Individual residual SMR, AMR and AAS were significantly repeatable in the short term (5 weeks), gradually declined across the medium term (10 weeks) and completely disappeared in the long term (15 weeks). We suggest that this gradual decline in repeatability was due to the slightly restricted feeding regime. This is discussed in the context of phenotypic plasticity, natural selection and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Norin
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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37
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Reid D, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. Estimated standard metabolic rate interacts with territory quality and density to determine the growth rates of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Lantová P, Zub K, Koskela E, Šíchová K, Borowski Z. Is there a linkage between metabolism and personality in small mammals? The root vole (Microtus oeconomus) example. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:378-83. [PMID: 21536058 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant inter-individual variation in the rate of animal metabolism is a widespread phenomenon that has started to accumulate general interest. Here we follow recent calls to focus on linkage between the variation in energy metabolism and animal personality. By using wild caught root voles as a study species, we examined the relationship between the behavioral patterns (assessed in open field test) and resting metabolic rate (RMR), both of which are known to show large individual differences and intra-individual consistency in voles. Our results showed only a weak relationship between personality traits and metabolism, since the most parsimonious model (according to AICc) explaining RMR included only body mass and season as factors (explaining 84.8% of variation in RMR). However, the next two alternative models (within ΔAICc=2) also included the personality trait reflecting proactive behaviors (PC1) in addition to body mass, sex and season (85.2 and 85.8% of RMR variance explained, respectively). In all, our study does not provide compelling support for recent ideas of close linkage between behavior and metabolism. Still, our study highlights that even in the case of wild caught individuals, when behavior and metabolism often carry effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic conditions, the potential metabolic effects of varying energetically costly behaviors cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lantová
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO Box 35, FI 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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39
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Bushuev AV, Kerimov AB, Ivankina EV. Estimation of heritability and repeatability of resting metabolic rate in birds by the example of free-living pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Passeriformes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086411010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Arnqvist G, Dowling DK, Eady P, Gay L, Tregenza T, Tuda M, Hosken DJ. Genetic architecture of metabolic rate: environment specific epistasis between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in an insect. Evolution 2010; 64:3354-63. [PMID: 20874734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation is involved in adaptive evolutionary change is currently being reevaluated. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that mtDNA genes coevolve with the nuclear genes with which they interact to form the energy producing enzyme complexes in the mitochondria. This suggests that intergenomic epistasis between mitochondrial and nuclear genes may affect whole-organism metabolic phenotypes. Here, we use crossed combinations of mitochondrial and nuclear lineages of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and assay metabolic rate under two different temperature regimes. Metabolic rate was affected by an interaction between the mitochondrial and nuclear lineages and the temperature regime. Sequence data suggests that mitochondrial genetic variation has a role in determining the outcome of this interaction. Our genetic dissection of metabolic rate reveals a high level of complexity, encompassing genetic interactions over two genomes, and genotype × genotype × environment interactions. The evolutionary implications of these results are twofold. First, because metabolic rate is at the root of life histories, our results provide insights into the complexity of life-history evolution in general, and thermal adaptation in particular. Second, our results suggest a mechanism that could contribute to the maintenance of nonneutral mtDNA polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Uppsala, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Boratyński Z, Koteja P. Sexual and natural selection on body mass and metabolic rates in free-living bank voles. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BORATYŃSKI Z, KOSKELA E, MAPPES T, OKSANEN TA. Sex-specific selection on energy metabolism - selection coefficients for winter survival. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:1969-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Duarte LC, Vaanholt LM, Sinclair RE, Gamo Y, Speakman JR. Limits to sustained energy intake XII: is the poor relation between resting metabolic rate and reproductive performance because resting metabolism is not a repeatable trait? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:278-87. [PMID: 20038662 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the consequences of individual variation in resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt) on reproductive performance. Despite strong theoretical reasons for expecting such an association, results have generally been disappointing. A fundamental assumption of these studies is that RMRt is a repeatable trait. We examined repeatability of RMRt in female MF1 mice over short (15 days apart; N=238) and long intervals (110 days apart; N=33). In the long-term experiment, after the first RMRt measurement, females were separated in two groups: the first was kept virgin (N=16); the second was allowed to breed (N=17) and measured 15 days after they had weaned their pups. We also examined the association between RMRt and reproduction. We used Pearson's correlation (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients (rho) to estimate repeatability. There was a strong effect of body mass on RMRt for all measurements. Over the short interval, repeatability was significant for body mass (r=0.86; rho=0.86), RMRt (r=0.68; rho=0.68,) and residual-RMRt (r=0.58; rho=0.58). Over long intervals, repeatability of residual-RMRt was high in virgin females (r=0.59; rho=0.60), but not in the breeders (r=0.38; rho=0.39); body mass was repeatable only for non-breeders measured by r (r=0.55). There was no significant correlation between RMRt or residual-RMRt and litter size or litter mass. In conclusion, RMRt and residual-RMRt are highly repeatable traits in virgin MF1 female mice. The lack of association between non-reproductive RMRt and reproductive performance in MF1 mice does not come about because of its poor repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Duarte
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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44
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NILSSON JÅ, ÅKESSON M, NILSSON JF. Heritability of resting metabolic rate in a wild population of blue tits. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1867-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Millidine KJ, Metcalfe NB, Armstrong JD. Presence of a conspecific causes divergent changes in resting metabolism, depending on its relative size. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3989-93. [PMID: 19710067 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the average metabolism of many species of fish varies with group size. However, it is not clear whether all individuals respond in the same way. Here, we use a newly calibrated method of measuring the metabolic rate of fish from opercular (ventilatory) movements that allows for the first-time estimation of changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) of each individual within different social groups and when alone. The presence of a conspecific had divergent effects on the RMR of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, depending on its relative body size: the presence of a smaller fish caused a 40 per cent reduction, whereas the presence of a slightly larger fish approximately doubled RMR. These effects occurred in the absence of activity and were sustained at lower magnitude in the case of the relatively smaller conspecific even if a transparent barrier prevented any physical interactions between fish. Changes in RMR were mirrored by changes in eye colour that indicate they were linked to stress levels. These contrasting and strong responses show that even the nearby presence of a conspecific can have profound and variable effects on an individual's energy budget; they also highlight the complex trade-offs involved in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Millidine
- Marine Scotland Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, UK.
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Williams TD, Vézina F, Speakman JR. Individually variable energy management during egg production is repeatable across breeding attempts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:1101-5. [PMID: 19329743 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.026815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is axiomatic that whole-animal metabolism, measured for example as daily energy expenditure (DEE), plays a central role in determining reproductive success and survival (fitness) in all organisms. Nevertheless, strong evidence for consistent systematic relationships between DEE and either individual traits (age, sex, body size), environmental factors (e.g. food availability, temperature) or 'fitness' traits (e.g. number of offspring, survival) remains far from compelling in birds and mammals. Recently, we suggested that female birds might utilise complex, individually variable energy management strategies to meet the metabolic demands of reproduction, generating a wide spectrum of effects on reproductive DEE, from overcompensation (net decrease in DEE) to additive effects (net increase in DEE). Here we show that this individually variable adjustment or 'plasticity' in energy expenditure associated with egg production is repeatable among individuals between successive breeding attempts in female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Our study highlights the importance (a) of measuring 'plasticity' or change associated with transitions of physiological state (e.g. non-breeding to breeding) based on multiple measurements of the same individual, and (b) of extending consideration of how selection might drive the evolution of phenotypic plasticity per se to include physiological and metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada, V5A 1S6.
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47
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Mathot KJ, Godde S, Careau V, Thomas DW, Giraldeau LA. Testing dynamic variance-sensitive foraging using individual differences in basal metabolic rates of zebra finches. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Boratyński Z, Koteja P. The association between body mass, metabolic rates and survival of bank voles. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cortés P, Quijano SA, Nespolo RF. Bioenergetics and inter-individual variation in physiological capacities in a relict mammal - the Monito del Monte (Dromiciops gliroides). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:297-304. [PMID: 19112149 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.021212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In evolutionary physiology, studies of inter-individual variation (i.e. repeatability) in functional capacities are valuable as they indicate - within populations - what attributes could respond to natural selection. Although repeatability and quantitative genetics of physiological traits in energy metabolism of eutherian mammals have been well characterized, few or no studies have been performed on marsupials. We studied the repeatability (i.e. intraclass correlation coefficient, tau) of bioenergetics for Monito del Monte (Dromiciops gliroides), the sole living representative of an otherwise extinct marsupial order (Microbiotheria). We measured resting metabolic rate as CO(2) production (V(CO(2))) and O(2) consumption (V(O(2))) simultaneously, together with minimum thermal conductance (C), evaporative water loss (EWL) and respiratory quotient (RQ), in a sample of ca. 20 individuals. Our results suggest that D. gliroides exhibits poor control of body temperature (T(b)), with a thermal amplitude of ca. 10 degrees C in normothermia. As a consequence, repeatability of T(b) and metabolic rate (either as V(CO(2)) or V(O(2))) were relatively low (tau(T)(b)=0.25+/-0.04, tau(VCO2)=0.14+/-0.03, tau(V)(O2)=0.24+/-0.02, jackknife estimations of standard errors). Thermal conductance exhibited near-zero or negative repeatability and was lower than expected for marsupials. However, we found significant repeatability for RQ and EWL (tau=0.32+/-0.03 and 0.49+/-0.09, respectively). In general, these results suggest that Monito del Monte exhibits some ;reptilian' physiological characteristics. The relatively low repeatability of physiological variables, which otherwise exhibit large inter-individual and genetic variance in eutherian mammals, suggests that these capacities do not exhibit evolutionary potential in the ancient order Microbiotheria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cortés
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Artacho P, Nespolo R. Intrapopulation Variation in the Standard Metabolism of a Terrestrial Mollusc: Repeatability of the CO2Production in the Land SnailHelix aspersa. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:181-9. [DOI: 10.1086/590222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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