1
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Schmid S, Bachmann Salvy M, Garcia Jimenez A, Bertrand JAM, Cortesi F, Heim S, Huyghe F, Litsios G, Marcionetti A, O'Donnell JL, Riginos C, Tettamanti V, Salamin N. Gene flow throughout the evolutionary history of a colour polymorphic and generalist clownfish. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17436. [PMID: 38872589 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Even seemingly homogeneous on the surface, the oceans display high environmental heterogeneity across space and time. Indeed, different soft barriers structure the marine environment, which offers an appealing opportunity to study various evolutionary processes such as population differentiation and speciation. Here, we focus on Amphiprion clarkii (Actinopterygii; Perciformes), the most widespread of clownfishes that exhibits the highest colour polymorphism. Clownfishes can only disperse during a short pelagic larval phase before their sedentary adult lifestyle, which might limit connectivity among populations, thus facilitating speciation events. Consequently, the taxonomic status of A. clarkii has been under debate. We used whole-genome resequencing data of 67 A. clarkii specimens spread across the Indian and Pacific Oceans to characterize the species' population structure, demographic history and colour polymorphism. We found that A. clarkii spread from the Indo-Pacific Ocean to the Pacific and Indian Oceans following a stepping-stone dispersal and that gene flow was pervasive throughout its demographic history. Interestingly, colour patterns differed noticeably among the Indonesian populations and the two populations at the extreme of the sampling distribution (i.e. Maldives and New Caledonia), which exhibited more comparable colour patterns despite their geographic and genetic distances. Our study emphasizes how whole-genome studies can uncover the intricate evolutionary past of wide-ranging species with diverse phenotypes, shedding light on the complex nature of the species concept paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmid
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Joris A M Bertrand
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara Heim
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filip Huyghe
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Glenn Litsios
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marcionetti
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James L O'Donnell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valerio Tettamanti
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Moosmann M, Greenway R, Oester R, Matthews B. The role of fish predators and their foraging traits in shaping zooplankton community structure. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14382. [PMID: 38361474 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Differentiation of foraging traits among predator populations may help explain observed variation in the structure of prey communities. However, few studies have investigated the phenotypic effects of predators on their prey in natural communities. Here, we use a comparative analysis of 78 Greenlandic lakes to examine how foraging trait variation among threespine stickleback populations can help explain variation in zooplankton community composition among lakes. We find that landscape-scale variation in zooplankton composition was jointly explained by lake properties, such as size and water chemistry, and the presence and absence of both stickleback and arctic char. Additional variation in zooplankton community structure can be explained by stickleback jaw protrusion, a trait with known utility for foraging on zooplankton, but only in lakes where stickleback co-occur with arctic char. Overall, our results illustrate how trait variation of predators, alongside other ecosystem properties, can influence the composition of prey communities in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Greenway
- Department of Biology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oester
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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3
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Rudman SM, Clare CI, Westrick JA, Wang X, De Meester L, Fryxell JM. Intraspecific genetic variation is critical to robust toxicological predictions of aquatic contaminants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543817. [PMID: 37333160 PMCID: PMC10274664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment is a critical tool for protecting aquatic life and its effectiveness is predicated on predicting how natural populations respond to contaminants. Yet, routine toxicity testing typically examines only one genotype, which may render risk assessments inaccurate as populations are most often composed of genetically distinct individuals. To determine the importance of intraspecific variation in the translation of toxicity testing to populations, we quantified the magnitude of genetic variation within 20 Daphnia magna clones derived from one lake using whole genome sequencing and phenotypic assays. We repeated these assays across two exposure levels of microcystins, a cosmopolitan and lethal aquatic contaminant produced by harmful algal blooms. We found considerable intraspecific genetic variation in survival, growth, and reproduction, which was amplified by microcystins exposure. Finally, using simulations we demonstrate that the common practice of employing a single genotype to calculate toxicity tolerance failed to produce an estimate within the 95% confidence interval over half of the time. These results illuminate the importance of incorporating intraspecific genetic variation into toxicity testing to reliably predict how natural populations will respond to aquatic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S. Shahmohamadloo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seth M. Rudman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Catherine I. Clare
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, United States
| | - Judy A. Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - John M. Fryxell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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Raffard A, Cucherousset J, Santoul F, Di Gesu L, Blanchet S. Climate and intraspecific variation in a consumer species drive ecosystem multifunctionality. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Raffard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029) Moulis France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Environnement CNRS‐INPT‐UPS, Univ. Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, Univ. de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD Toulouse France
| | - Frédéric Santoul
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Environnement CNRS‐INPT‐UPS, Univ. Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Lucie Di Gesu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029) Moulis France
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029) Moulis France
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5
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Alberti M, Palkovacs E, Roches S, Meester L, Brans K, Govaert L, Grimm NB, Harris NC, Hendry AP, Schell CJ, Szulkin M, Munshi-South J, Urban MC, Verrelli BC. The Complexity of Urban Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks between the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans in cities alter the eco-evolutionary play by simultaneously changing both the actors and the stage on which the eco-evolutionary play takes place. Urbanization modifies land surfaces, microclimates, habitat connectivity, ecological networks, food webs, species diversity, and species composition. These environmental changes can lead to changes in phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of wild populations that have important consequences for ecosystem function and the essential services that nature provides to human society, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, seed dispersal, food production, and water and air purification. Understanding and monitoring urbanization-induced evolutionary changes is important to inform strategies to achieve sustainability. In the present article, we propose that understanding these dynamics requires rigorous characterization of urbanizing regions as rapidly evolving, tightly coupled human–natural systems. We explore how the emergent properties of urbanization affect eco-evolutionary dynamics across space and time. We identify five key urban drivers of change—habitat modification, connectivity, heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and biotic interactions—and highlight the direct consequences of urbanization-driven eco-evolutionary change for nature's contributions to people. Then, we explore five emerging complexities—landscape complexity, urban discontinuities, socio-ecological heterogeneity, cross-scale interactions, legacies and time lags—that need to be tackled in future research. We propose that the evolving metacommunity concept provides a powerful framework to study urban eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | | | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Evolution, and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, Berlin, Germany, and with the Institute of Biology at Freie Universität Berlin, also in Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristien I Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Evolution, and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; with the Department of Aquatic Ecology, in the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, in Dübendorf, Switzerland; and with the University Research Priority Programme on Global Change and Biodiversity at the University of Zurich, in Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nyeema C Harris
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher J Schell
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington
| | | | - Jason Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, New York
| | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Life Sciences Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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6
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Thakur NK, Ojha A. Complex dynamics of delay-induced plankton–fish interaction exhibiting defense. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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7
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Eastcott E, Kern JM, Morris-Drake A, Radford AN. Intrapopulation variation in the behavioral responses of dwarf mongooses to anthropogenic noise. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is an increasingly widespread pollutant, with a rapidly burgeoning literature demonstrating impacts on humans and other animals. However, most studies have simply considered if there is an effect of noise, examining the overall cohort response. Although substantial evidence exists for intraspecific variation in responses to other anthropogenic disturbances, this possibility has received relatively little experimental attention with respect to noise. Here, we used field-based playbacks with dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) to test how traffic noise affects vigilance behavior and to examine potential variation between individuals of different age class, sex, and dominance status. Foragers exhibited a stronger immediate reaction and increased their subsequent vigilance (both that on the ground and as a sentinel) in response to traffic-noise playback compared with ambient-sound playback. Traffic-noise playback also resulted in sentinels conducting longer bouts and being more likely to change post height or location than in ambient-sound playback. Moreover, there was evidence of variation in noise responses with respect to age class and dominance status but not sex. In traffic noise, foraging pups were more likely to flee and were slower to resume foraging than adults; they also tended to increase their vigilance more than adults. Dominants were more likely than subordinates to move post during sentinel bouts conducted in traffic-noise trials. Our findings suggest that the vigilance–foraging trade-off is affected by traffic noise but that individuals differ in how they respond. Future work should, therefore, consider intrapopulation response variation to understand fully the population-wide effects of this global pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eastcott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julie M Kern
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Morris-Drake
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew N Radford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Rennison DJ, Rudman SM, Schluter D. Parallel changes in gut microbiome composition and function during colonization, local adaptation and ecological speciation. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191911. [PMID: 31795865 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of local adaptation and ecological speciation are often strongly shaped by biotic interactions such as competition and predation. One of the strongest lines of evidence that biotic interactions drive evolution comes from the repeated divergence of lineages in association with repeated changes in the community of interacting species. Yet relatively little is known about the repeatability of changes in gut microbial communities and their role in adaptation and divergence of host populations in nature. Here we use three cases of rapid, parallel adaptation and speciation in freshwater threespine stickleback to test for parallel changes in associated gut microbiomes. We find that features of the gut microbial communities have shifted repeatedly in the same direction in association with parallel divergence and speciation of stickleback hosts. These results suggest that changes to gut microbiomes can occur rapidly and predictably in conjunction with host evolution, and that host-microbe interactions might play an important role in host adaptation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Rennison
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seth M Rudman
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Harding HR, Gordon TAC, Eastcott E, Simpson SD, Radford AN. Causes and consequences of intraspecific variation in animal responses to anthropogenic noise. Behav Ecol 2019; 30:1501-1511. [PMID: 31723315 PMCID: PMC6838653 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a recognized global pollutant, affecting a wide range of nonhuman animals. However, most research considers only whether noise pollution has an impact, ignoring that individuals within a species or population exhibit substantial variation in responses to stress. Here, we first outline how intrinsic characteristics (e.g., body size, condition, sex, and personality) and extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental context, repeated exposure, prior experience, and multiple stressors) can affect responses to environmental stressors. We then present the results of a systematic search of the anthropogenic-noise literature, identifying articles that investigated intraspecific variation in the responses of nonhuman animals to noise. This reveals that fewer than 10% of articles (51 of 589) examining impacts of noise test experimentally for intraspecific variation in responses; of those that do, more than 75% report significant effects. We assess these existing studies to determine the current scope of research and findings to-date, and to provide suggestions for good practice in the design, implementation, and reporting of robust experiments in this field. We close by explaining how understanding intraspecific variation in responses to anthropogenic noise is crucial for improving how we manage captive animals, monitor wild populations, model species responses, and mitigate effects of noise pollution on wildlife. Our aim is to stimulate greater knowledge and more effective management of the harmful consequences of this global pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Harding
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Timothy A C Gordon
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emma Eastcott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew N Radford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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10
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Pretorius JD, Lichtenstein JLL, Eliason EJ, Stier AC, Pruitt JN. Predator‐induced selection on urchin activity level depends on urchin body size. Ethology 2019; 125:716-723. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Pretorius
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - James L. L. Lichtenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Erika J. Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Adrian C. Stier
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Jonathan N. Pruitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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11
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Start D, Gilbert B. Trait variation across biological scales shapes community structure and ecosystem function. Ecology 2019; 100:e02769. [PMID: 31162633 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trait variation underlies our understanding of the patterns and importance of biodiversity, yet we have a poor understanding of how variation at different levels of biological organization structures communities and ecosystems. Here, we use a mesocosm experiment to test for the effects of a larval dragonfly functional trait on community and ecosystem dynamics by creating artificial populations to mirror within- and between-population trait variation observed in our study area. Specifically, we manipulate variation in activity rate, a key functional trait shaping food webs, across three levels of biological organization: within-populations (differences in trait variation in a population), among-populations (differences in population mean trait values), and among-species (species-level differences of co-occurring dragonflies). We show that differences in activity rate alter prey communities, trophic cascades, and multiple ecosystem processes. However, trait variation among populations had much larger effects than differences between co-occurring species or even the presence of a predator, whereas within-population variation had a relatively minor impact. Interestingly, combined with earlier work in the same system, our study suggests that the relative importance of species vs. individual level differences for ecosystem functioning will depend on the spatial scale considered. Ecological processes, including biodiversity-ecosystem-functioning relationships, cannot be understood without accounting for trait variation across biological scales of organization, including at fine scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denon Start
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3B2, Canada
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12
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Rudman SM, Goos JM, Burant JB, Brix KV, Gibbons TC, Brauner CJ, Jeyasingh PD. Ionome and elemental transport kinetics shaped by parallel evolution in threespine stickleback. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:645-653. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Rudman
- Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jared M. Goos
- Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Joseph B. Burant
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Kevin V. Brix
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology University of Miami RSMAS Miami FL USA
| | - Taylor C. Gibbons
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Colin J. Brauner
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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13
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De Meester L, Brans KI, Govaert L, Souffreau C, Mukherjee S, Vanvelk H, Korzeniowski K, Kilsdonk L, Decaestecker E, Stoks R, Urban MC. Analysing eco‐evolutionary dynamics—The challenging complexity of the real world. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Caroline Souffreau
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Shinjini Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Héléne Vanvelk
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Konrad Korzeniowski
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Laurens Kilsdonk
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, IRF Life Sciences, KULAK KU Leuven Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory or Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Mark C. Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Risk University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut
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14
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Reznick DN, Losos J, Travis J. From low to high gear: there has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of evolution. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:233-244. [PMID: 30478871 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of evolution performed in nature and the associated demonstration of rapid evolution, observable on a time scale of months to years, were an acclaimed novelty in the 1980-1990s. Contemporary evolution is now considered ordinary and is an integrated feature of many areas of research. This shift from extraordinary to ordinary reflects a change in the perception of evolution. It was formerly thought of as a historical process, perceived through the footprints left in the fossil record or living organisms. It is now seen as a contemporary process that acts in real time. Here we review how this shift occurred and its consequences for fields as diverse as wildlife management, conservation biology, and ecosystems ecology. Incorporating contemporary evolution in these fields has caused old questions to be recast, changed the answers, caused new and previously inconceivable questions to be addressed, and inspired the development of new subdisciplines. We argue further that the potential of contemporary evolution has yet to be fulfilled. Incorporating evolutionary dynamics in any research program can provide a better assessment of how and why organisms and communities came to be as they are than is attainable without an explicit treatment of these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Jonathan Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4340
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15
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Raffard A, Santoul F, Cucherousset J, Blanchet S. The community and ecosystem consequences of intraspecific diversity: a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:648-661. [PMID: 30294844 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has major implications. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are generally investigated at the interspecific level, although intraspecific diversity (i.e. within-species diversity) is increasingly perceived as an important ecological facet of biodiversity. Here, we provide a quantitative and integrative synthesis testing, across diverse plant and animal species, whether intraspecific diversity is a major driver of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. We specifically tested (i) whether the number of genotypes/phenotypes (i.e. intraspecific richness) or the specific identity of genotypes/phenotypes (i.e. intraspecific variation) in populations modulate the structure of communities and the functioning of ecosystems, (ii) whether the ecological effects of intraspecific richness and variation are strong in magnitude, and (iii) whether these effects vary among taxonomic groups and ecological responses. We found a non-linear relationship between intraspecific richness and community and ecosystem dynamics that follows a saturating curve shape, as observed for biodiversity-function relationships measured at the interspecific level. Importantly, intraspecific richness modulated ecological dynamics with a magnitude that was equal to that previously reported for interspecific richness. Our results further confirm, based on a database containing more than 50 species, that intraspecific variation also has substantial effects on ecological dynamics. We demonstrated that the effects of intraspecific variation are twice as high as expected by chance, and that they might have been underestimated previously. Finally, we found that the ecological effects of intraspecific variation are not homogeneous and are actually stronger when intraspecific variation is manipulated in primary producers than in consumer species, and when they are measured at the ecosystem rather than at the community level. Overall, we demonstrated that the two facets of intraspecific diversity (richness and variation) can both strongly affect community and ecosystem dynamics, which reveals the pivotal role of within-species biodiversity for understanding ecological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Raffard
- CNRS, Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis UMR-5321, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 2 route du CNRS, F-09200, Moulis, France.,EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Santoul
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- CNRS, IRD, UPS, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Simon Blanchet
- CNRS, Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis UMR-5321, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 2 route du CNRS, F-09200, Moulis, France.,CNRS, IRD, UPS, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
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16
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Compson ZG, Hungate BA, Whitham TG, Koch GW, Dijkstra P, Siders AC, Wojtowicz T, Jacobs R, Rakestraw DN, Allred KE, Sayer CK, Marks JC. Linking tree genetics and stream consumers: isotopic tracers elucidate controls on carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Ecology 2018; 99:1759-1770. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zacchaeus G. Compson
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5620 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5620 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5620 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5620 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - George W. Koch
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5620 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5620 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5620 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5620 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Adam C. Siders
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5620 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5620 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Todd Wojtowicz
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Ryan Jacobs
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - David N. Rakestraw
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Kiel E. Allred
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Chelsea K. Sayer
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
| | - Jane C. Marks
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5620 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5620 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; 800 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 6077 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-6077 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 617 S. Beaver Street, P.O. Box 5640 Flagstaff Arizona 86011-5640 USA
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17
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Adam N, Kallenbach M, Meldau S, Veit D, van Dam NM, Baldwin IT, Schuman MC. Functional variation in a key defense gene structures herbivore communities and alters plant performance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197221. [PMID: 29874269 PMCID: PMC5991399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant genetic diversity structures animal communities and affects plant population productivity. However, few studies have investigated which traits are involved and the mechanisms mediating these effects. We studied the consequences of varying the expression of a single biosynthetic gene in jasmonate (JA) defense hormones, which are essential for defense against herbivores but constrain plant growth, in experimental mesocosm populations of wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) plants under attack from three native herbivores. Empoasca leafhoppers preferentially attack JA-deficient N. attenuata plants in nature, and the specialist Tupiocoris notatus mirids avoid Empoasca-damaged plants. However, in experimental mesocosm populations having equal numbers of wild-type (WT) and JA-deficient plants that are silenced in the expression of the biosynthetic gene lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3), Empoasca sp. attacked both genotypes. Empoasca sp. damage, rather than JA, determined T. notatus damage, which was reduced in mixed populations. The growth of specialist Manduca sexta larvae was reduced on WT vs. asLOX3 monocultures, but differed in mixtures depending on caterpillar density. However, seed capsule number remained similar for WT and asLOX3 plants in mixtures, not in monocultures, in two experimental scenarios reflecting high and low caterpillar attack. At high caterpillar density, WT plants growing in mixtures produced more seed capsules than those growing in monocultures while seed production of asLOX3 plants did not differ by population type. However, at low caterpillar density, asLOX3 plants growing in mixed populations produced more seed capsules than those growing in monoculture, while seed capsule production did not differ for WT by population type. Thus, mixed populations had a more stable output of seed capsules under the two scenarios. This may result from a balance between JA-mediated herbivore defense and plant competitive ability in mixed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Adam
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Kallenbach
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Meldau
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Veit
- Technical Service, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith C. Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Adaptation Without Boundaries: Population Genomics in Marine Systems. POPULATION GENOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2018_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Wohlgemuth D, Solan M, Godbold JA. Species contributions to ecosystem process and function can be population dependent and modified by biotic and abiotic setting. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2016.2805. [PMID: 28566482 PMCID: PMC5454255 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is unequivocal evidence that altered biodiversity, through changes in the expression and distribution of functional traits, can have large impacts on ecosystem properties. However, trait-based summaries of how organisms affect ecosystem properties often assume that traits show constancy within and between populations and that species contributions to ecosystem functioning are not overly affected by the presence of other species or variations in abiotic conditions. Here, we evaluate the validity of these assumptions using an experiment in which three geographically distinct populations of intertidal sediment-dwelling invertebrates are reciprocally substituted. We find that the mediation of macronutrient generation by these species can vary between different populations and show that changes in biotic and/or abiotic conditions can further modify functionally important aspects of the behaviour of individuals within a population. Our results demonstrate the importance of knowing how, when, and why traits are expressed and suggest that these dimensions of species functionality are not sufficiently well-constrained to facilitate the accurate projection of the functional consequences of change. Information regarding the ecological role of key species and assumptions about the form of species–environment interactions needs urgent refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wohlgemuth
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Martin Solan
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Jasmin A Godbold
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.,Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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20
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The ecological importance of intraspecific variation. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:57-64. [PMID: 29203921 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human activity is causing wild populations to experience rapid trait change and local extirpation. The resulting effects on intraspecific variation could have substantial consequences for ecological processes and ecosystem services. Although researchers have long acknowledged that variation among species influences the surrounding environment, only recently has evidence accumulated for the ecological importance of variation within species. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing the ecological effects of variation within a species (intraspecific effects) with the effects of replacement or removal of that species (species effects). We evaluated direct and indirect ecological responses, including changes in abundance (or biomass), rates of ecological processes and changes in community composition. Our results show that intraspecific effects are often comparable to, and sometimes stronger than, species effects. Species effects tend to be larger for direct ecological responses (for example, through consumption), whereas intraspecific effects and species effects tend to be similar for indirect responses (for example, through trophic cascades). Intraspecific effects are especially strong when indirect interactions alter community composition. Our results summarize data from the first generation of studies examining the relative ecological effects of intraspecific variation. Our conclusions can help inform the design of future experiments and the formulation of strategies to quantify and conserve biodiversity.
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21
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Rudman SM, Barbour MA, Csilléry K, Gienapp P, Guillaume F, Hairston Jr NG, Hendry AP, Lasky JR, Rafajlović M, Räsänen K, Schmidt PS, Seehausen O, Therkildsen NO, Turcotte MM, Levine JM. What genomic data can reveal about eco-evolutionary dynamics. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:9-15. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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DNA metabarcoding reveals diverse diet of the three-spined stickleback in a coastal ecosystem. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186929. [PMID: 29059215 PMCID: PMC5653352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., hereafter ‘stickleback’) is a common mesopredatory fish in marine, coastal and freshwater areas. In large parts of the Baltic Sea, stickleback densities have increased >10-fold during the last decades, and it is now one of the dominating fish species both in terms of biomass and effects on lower trophic levels. Still, relatively little is known about its diet—knowledge which is essential to understand the increasing role sticklebacks play in the ecosystem. Fish diet analyses typically rely on visual identification of stomach contents, a labour-intensive method that is made difficult by prey digestion and requires expert taxonomic knowledge. However, advances in DNA-based metabarcoding methods promise a simultaneous identification of most prey items, even from semi-digested tissue. Here, we studied the diet of stickleback from the western Baltic Sea coast using both DNA metabarcoding and visual analysis of stomach contents. Using the cytochrome oxidase (CO1) marker we identified 120 prey taxa in the diet, belonging to 15 phyla, 83 genera and 84 species. Compared to previous studies, this is an unusually high prey diversity. Chironomids, cladocerans and harpacticoids were dominating prey items. Large sticklebacks were found to feed more on benthic prey, such as amphipods, gastropods and isopods. DNA metabarcoding gave much higher taxonomic resolution (median rank genus) than visual analysis (median rank order), and many taxa identified using barcoding could not have been identified visually. However, a few taxa identified by visual inspection were not revealed by barcoding. In summary, our results suggest that the three-spined stickleback feeds on a wide variety of both pelagic and benthic organisms, indicating that the strong increase in stickleback populations may affect many parts of the Baltic Sea coastal ecosystem.
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23
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Fryxell DC, Palkovacs EP. Warming Strengthens the Ecological Role of Intraspecific Variation in a Predator. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Tuckett QM, Simon KS, Kinnison MT. Cultural Eutrophication Mediates Context-Dependent Eco-Evolutionary Feedbacks of a Fish Invader. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ot-16-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Nakazawa T, Liu SYV, Sakai Y, Araki KS, Tsai CH, Okuda N. Spatial genetic structure and body size divergence in endangered Gymnogobius isaza in ancient Lake Biwa. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:756-764. [PMID: 28745537 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1357708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gymnogobius isaza is a freshwater goby endemic to ancient Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. The species is now listed as 'Critically Endangered' in the Red Data Book of Japan. Nevertheless, it remains subject to fishing without any specific management strategies. Previous studies using mitochondrial DNA markers showed that this fish species has two cryptic lineages. However, little is known about spatial genetic structure and ecological differences across the broad lakescape. In this study, we collected fish samples at nine locations along the lakeshore during the breeding season and tested for the presence of spatial heterogeneity in the lineage's composition while measuring body size as the most fundamental biological trait. The results showed that the major lineage dominated all the sampling locations whereas the minor lineage consisted of only 11% (16/143) of samples. Furthermore, although their spatial distributions overlapped (i.e. the two lineages may be well mixed), we found it possible that the minor lineage may have a potentially narrower distribution than the major lineage. In addition, we found that the two lineages differ in body size; specifically, the minor lineage is smaller in size. From the viewpoint of genetic diversity conservation and sustainable resource use, this fish should be managed as two genetic stocks and spatial and/or body size-based fishery management is desirable, with particular attention to the minor (smaller sized) lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Nakazawa
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Vanson Liu
- b Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources , National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yoichiro Sakai
- c Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute , Shiga , Japan
| | - Kiwako S Araki
- d Faculty of Life Sciences , Ristumeikan University , Shiga , Japan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- e Australian Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine and Tropical Biology , James Cook University , Australia
| | - Noboru Okuda
- f Research Institute for Humanity and Nature , Kyoto , Japan
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26
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Durston DJ, El‐Sabaawi RW. Bony traits and genetics drive intraspecific variation in vertebrate elemental composition. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Leal MC, Best RJ, Durston D, El-Sabaawi RW, Matthews B. Stoichiometric traits of stickleback: Effects of genetic background, rearing environment, and ontogeny. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2617-2625. [PMID: 28428852 PMCID: PMC5395448 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes can both evolve in response to, and affect, ecosystem change, but few examples of diverging ecosystem‐effect traits have been investigated. Bony armor traits of fish are good candidates for this because they evolve rapidly in some freshwater fish populations, and bone is phosphorus rich and likely to affect nutrient recycling in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we explore how ontogeny, rearing environment, and bone allocation among body parts affect the stoichiometric phenotype (i.e., stoichiometric composition of bodies and excretion) of threespine stickleback. We use two populations from distinct freshwater lineages with contrasting lateral plating phenotypes (full vs. low plating) and their hybrids, which are mostly fully plated. We found that ontogeny, rearing environment, and body condition were the most important predictors of organismal stoichiometry. Although elemental composition was similar between both populations and their hybrids, we found significant divergence in phosphorus allocation among body parts and in phosphorus excretion rates. Overall, body armor differences did not explain variation in whole body phosphorus, phosphorus allocation, or phosphorus excretion. Evolutionary divergence between these lineages in both allocation and excretion is likely to have important direct consequences for ecosystems, but may be mediated by evolution of multiple morphological or physiological traits beyond plating phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Costa Leal
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Rebecca J Best
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Dan Durston
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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28
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Leal MC, Seehausen O, Matthews B. The Ecology and Evolution of Stoichiometric Phenotypes. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 32:108-117. [PMID: 28017452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry has generated new insights into how the balance of elements affects ecological interactions and ecosystem processes, but little is known about the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of stoichiometric traits. Understanding the origins and drivers of stoichiometric trait variation between and within species will improve our understanding about the ecological responses of communities to environmental change and the ecosystem effects of organisms. In addition, studying the plasticity, heritability, and genetic basis of stoichiometric traits might improve predictions about how organisms adapt to changing environmental conditions, and help to identify interactions and feedbacks between phenotypic evolution and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Leal
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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29
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Rudman SM, Heavyside J, Rennison DJ, Schluter D. Piscivore addition causes a trophic cascade within and across ecosystem boundaries. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Rudman
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of British Columbia 4200-6270 University Blvd. Vancouver; BC V6T1Z4 Canada
| | - Julian Heavyside
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of British Columbia 4200-6270 University Blvd. Vancouver; BC V6T1Z4 Canada
| | - Diana J. Rennison
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of British Columbia 4200-6270 University Blvd. Vancouver; BC V6T1Z4 Canada
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of British Columbia 4200-6270 University Blvd. Vancouver; BC V6T1Z4 Canada
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30
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El-Sabaawi RW, Warbanski ML, Rudman SM, Hovel R, Matthews B. Investment in boney defensive traits alters organismal stoichiometry and excretion in fish. Oecologia 2016; 181:1209-20. [PMID: 27075487 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how trait diversification alters ecosystem processes is an important goal for ecological and evolutionary studies. Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework for predicting how traits affect ecosystem function. The growth rate hypothesis of ecological stoichiometry links growth and phosphorus (P) body composition in taxa where nucleic acids are a significant pool of body P. In vertebrates, however, most of the P is bound within bone, and organisms with boney structures can vary in terms of the relative contributions of bones to body composition. Threespine stickleback populations have substantial variation in boney armour plating. Shaped by natural selection, this variation provides a model system to study the links between evolution of bone content, elemental body composition, and P excretion. We measure carbon:nitrogen:P body composition from stickleback populations that vary in armour phenotype. We develop a mechanistic mass-balance model to explore factors affecting P excretion, and measure P excretion from two populations with contrasting armour phenotypes. Completely armoured morphs have higher body %P but excrete more P per unit body mass than other morphs. The model suggests that such differences are driven by phenotypic differences in P intake as well as body %P composition. Our results show that while investment in boney traits alters the elemental composition of vertebrate bodies, excretion rates depend on how acquisition and assimilation traits covary with boney trait investment. These results also provide a stoichiometric hypothesis to explain the repeated loss of boney armour in threespine sticklebacks upon colonizing freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana W El-Sabaawi
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Misha L Warbanski
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Seth M Rudman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rachel Hovel
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
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31
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Rudman SM, Schluter D. Ecological Impacts of Reverse Speciation in Threespine Stickleback. Curr Biol 2016; 26:490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Read QD, Hoban SM, Eppinga MB, Schweitzer JA, Bailey JK. Accounting for the nested nature of genetic variation across levels of organization improves our understanding of biodiversity and community ecology. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin D. Read
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; PO Box 519 Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA
| | - Sean M. Hoban
- National Inst. of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Maarten B. Eppinga
- Dept of Environmental Sciences; Copernicus Inst. of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; PO Box 80115 NL-3508 TC Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - Joseph K. Bailey
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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