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Shimbo A, Takahashi YK, Langdon AJ, Stalnaker TA, Schoenbaum G. Cracking and Packing Information about the Features of Expected Rewards in the Orbitofrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0714242024. [PMID: 39122558 PMCID: PMC11376335 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0714-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is crucial for tracking various aspects of expected outcomes, thereby helping to guide choices and support learning. Our previous study showed that the effects of reward timing and size on the activity of single units in OFC were dissociable when these attributes were manipulated independently ( Roesch et al., 2006). However, in real-life decision-making scenarios, outcome features often change simultaneously, so here we investigated how OFC neurons in male rats integrate information about the timing and identity (flavor) of reward and respond to changes in these features, according to whether they were changed simultaneously or separately. We found that a substantial number of OFC neurons fired differentially to immediate versus delayed reward and to the different reward flavors. However, contrary to the previous study, selectivity for timing was strongly correlated with selectivity for identity. Taken together with the previous research, these results suggest that when reward features are correlated, OFC tends to "pack" them into unitary constructs, whereas when they are independent, OFC tends to "crack" them into separate constructs. Furthermore, we found that when both reward timing and flavor were changed, reward-responsive OFC neurons showed unique activity patterns preceding and during the omission of an expected reward. Interestingly, this OFC activity is similar and slightly preceded the ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA DA) activity observed in a previous study ( Takahashi et al., 2023), consistent with the role of OFC in providing predictive information to VTA DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimbo
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yuji K Takahashi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Angela J Langdon
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Thomas A Stalnaker
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Lim RY, Lew WCL, Ang KK. Review of EEG Affective Recognition with a Neuroscience Perspective. Brain Sci 2024; 14:364. [PMID: 38672015 PMCID: PMC11048077 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions are a series of subconscious, fleeting, and sometimes elusive manifestations of the human innate system. They play crucial roles in everyday life-influencing the way we evaluate ourselves, our surroundings, and how we interact with our world. To date, there has been an abundance of research on the domains of neuroscience and affective computing, with experimental evidence and neural network models, respectively, to elucidate the neural circuitry involved in and neural correlates for emotion recognition. Recent advances in affective computing neural network models often relate closely to evidence and perspectives gathered from neuroscience to explain the models. Specifically, there has been growing interest in the area of EEG-based emotion recognition to adopt models based on the neural underpinnings of the processing, generation, and subsequent collection of EEG data. In this respect, our review focuses on providing neuroscientific evidence and perspectives to discuss how emotions potentially come forth as the product of neural activities occurring at the level of subcortical structures within the brain's emotional circuitry and the association with current affective computing models in recognizing emotions. Furthermore, we discuss whether such biologically inspired modeling is the solution to advance the field in EEG-based emotion recognition and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosary Yuting Lim
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore; (R.Y.L.); (W.-C.L.L.)
| | - Wai-Cheong Lincoln Lew
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore; (R.Y.L.); (W.-C.L.L.)
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 32 Block N4 02a, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kai Keng Ang
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore; (R.Y.L.); (W.-C.L.L.)
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 32 Block N4 02a, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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3
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Tang X, Guo Z, Chen G, Sun S, Xiao S, Chen P, Tang G, Huang L, Wang Y. A Multimodal Meta-Analytical Evidence of Functional and Structural Brain Abnormalities Across Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102240. [PMID: 38395200 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous neuroimaging studies have reported that Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum have been linked to alterations in intrinsic functional activity and cortical thickness (CT) of some brain areas. However, the findings have been inconsistent and the correlation with the transcriptional profile and neurotransmitter systems remain largely unknown. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to identify multimodal differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)/fractional ALFF (fALFF) and CT in patients with AD and preclinical AD compared to healthy controls (HCs), using the Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software. Transcriptional data were retrieved from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. The atlas-based nuclear imaging-derived neurotransmitter maps were investigated by JuSpace toolbox. RESULTS We included 26 ALFF/fALFF studies comprising 884 patients with AD and 1,020 controls, along with 52 studies comprising 2,046 patients with preclinical AD and 2,336 controls. For CT, we included 11 studies comprising 353 patients with AD and 330 controls. Overall, compared to HCs, patients with AD showed decreased ALFF/fALFF in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC)/precuneus and right angular gyrus, as well as increased ALFF/fALFF in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Patients with peclinical AD showed decreased ALFF/fALFF in the left precuneus. Additionally, patients with AD displayed decreased CT in the bilateral PHG, left PCC, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, sensorimotor areas and temporal lobe. Furthermore, gene sets related to brain structural and functional changes in AD and preclincal AD were enriched for G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, ion gated channel activity, and components of biological membrane. Functional and structural alterations in AD and preclinical AD were spatially associated with dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. CONCLUSIONS The multimodal meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with AD exhibited convergent functional and structural alterations in the PCC/precuneus and PHG, as well as cortical thinning in the primary sensory and motor areas. Furthermore, patients with preclinical AD showed reduced functional activity in the precuneus. AD and preclinical AD showed genetic modulations/neurotransmitter deficits of brain functional and structural impairments. These findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Wei M, Yang L, Su F, Liu Y, Zhao X, Luo L, Sun X, Liu S, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Shi YS, Liang J, Zhang C. ABHD6 drives endocytosis of AMPA receptors to regulate synaptic plasticity and learning flexibility. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102559. [PMID: 38159878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Trafficking of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs), mediated by AMPAR interacting proteins, enabled neurons to maintain tuning capabilities at rest or active state. α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), an endocannabinoid hydrolase, was an AMPAR auxiliary subunit found to negatively regulate the surface delivery of AMPARs. While ABHD6 was found to prevent AMPAR tetramerization in endoplasmic reticulum, ABHD6 was also reported to localize at postsynaptic site. Yet, the role of ABHD6 interacting with AMPAR at postsynaptic site, and the physiological significance of ABHD6 regulating AMPAR trafficking remains elusive. Here, we generated the ABHD6 knockout (ABHD6KO) mice and found that deletion of ABHD6 selectively enhanced AMPAR-mediated basal synaptic responses and the surface expression of postsynaptic AMPARs. Furthermore, we found that loss of ABHD6 impaired hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) and synaptic downscaling in hippocampal synapses. AMPAR internalization assays revealed that ABHD6 was essential for neuronal activity-dependent endocytosis of surface AMPARs, which is independent of ABHD6's hydrolase activity. The defects of AMPAR endocytosis and LTD are expressed as deficits in learning flexibility in ABHD6KO mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that ABHD6 is an endocytic accessory protein promoting AMPAR endocytosis, thereby contributes to the formation of LTD, synaptic downscaling and reversal learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng Su
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhaoqi Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission of the PR China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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Vaziri Z, Salmon CEG, Ghodratitoostani I, Santos ACD, Hyppolito MA, Delbem ACB, Leite JP. Down-Regulation of Tinnitus Negative Valence via Concurrent HD-tDCS and PEI Technique: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050826. [PMID: 37239298 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 30% of the general population experience subjective tinnitus, characterized by conscious attended awareness perception of sound without an external source. Clinical distress tinnitus is more than just experiencing a phantom sound, as it can be highly disruptive and debilitating, leading those affected to seek clinical help. Effective tinnitus treatments are crucial for psychological well-being, but our limited understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms and a lack of a universal cure necessitate further treatment development. In light of the neurofunctional tinnitus model predictions and transcranial electrical stimulation, we conducted an open-label, single-arm, pilot study that utilized high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) concurrent with positive emotion induction (PEI) techniques for ten consecutive sessions to down-regulate tinnitus negative valence in patients with clinical distress tinnitus. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans of 12 tinnitus patients (7 females, mean age = 51.25 ± 12.90 years) before and after the intervention to examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations in specific seed regions. The results showed reduced rsFC at post-intervention between the attention and emotion processing regions as follows: (1) bilateral amygdala and left superior parietal lobule (SPL), (2) left amygdala and right SPL, (3) bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and bilateral pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), and (4) left dlPFC and bilateral pgACC (FWE corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, the post-intervention tinnitus handicap inventory scores were significantly lower than the pre-intervention scores (p < 0.05). We concluded that concurrent HD-tDCS and PEI might be effective in reducing tinnitus negative valence, thus alleviating tinnitus distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Vaziri
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E G Salmon
- InBrain Lab, Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Iman Ghodratitoostani
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory, Center for Engineering Applied to Health, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Hyppolito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C B Delbem
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory, Center for Engineering Applied to Health, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
| | - João P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, Brazil
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Balasubramani PP, Diaz-Delgado J, Grennan G, Alim F, Zafar-Khan M, Maric V, Ramanathan D, Mishra J. Distinct neural activations correlate with maximization of reward magnitude versus frequency. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6038-6050. [PMID: 36573422 PMCID: PMC10422923 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Choice selection strategies and decision-making are typically investigated using multiple-choice gambling paradigms that require participants to maximize expected value of rewards. However, research shows that performance in such paradigms suffers from individual biases towards the frequency of gains such that users often choose smaller frequent gains over larger rarely occurring gains, also referred to as melioration. To understand the basis of this subjective tradeoff, we used a simple 2-choice reward task paradigm in 186 healthy human adult subjects sampled across the adult lifespan. Cortical source reconstruction of simultaneously recorded electroencephalography suggested distinct neural correlates for maximizing reward magnitude versus frequency. We found that activations in the parahippocampal and entorhinal areas, which are typically linked to memory function, specifically correlated with maximization of reward magnitude. In contrast, maximization of reward frequency was correlated with activations in the lateral orbitofrontal cortices and operculum, typical areas involved in reward processing. These findings reveal distinct neural processes serving reward frequency versus magnitude maximization that can have clinical translational utility to optimize decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Juan Diaz-Delgado
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gillian Grennan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fahad Alim
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mariam Zafar-Khan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vojislav Maric
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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7
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Zhou H, He Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Y, Yin J, Chark R, Fong DKC, Fong LHN, Wu AMS. Altered hierarchical organization between empathy and gambling networks in disordered gamblers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083465. [PMID: 36846215 PMCID: PMC9947716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the demonstrated association between empathy and gambling at the behavioral level, limited neuroimaging research on empathy and gambling disorder (GD) has been conducted. Whether and how the brain network of empathy and that of gambling interact in disordered gamblers has not been investigated. This study aimed to address this research gap by examining the hierarchical organizational patterns, in which the differences of causal interactions of these networks between disordered gamblers and healthy controls were revealed. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 32 disordered gamblers and 56 healthy controls were included in the formal analysis. Dynamic causal modeling was used to examine the effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks among all participants. RESULTS All participants showed significant effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks. However, compared with healthy controls, disordered gamblers displayed more excitatory effective connectivity within the gambling network, the tendency to display more excitatory effective connectivity from the empathy network to the gambling network, and reduced inhibitory effective connectivity from the gambling network to the empathy network. CONCLUSION The exploratory study was the first to examine the effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks among disordered gamblers and healthy controls. These results provided insights into the causal relationship between empathy and gambling from the neuroscientific perspective and further confirmed that disordered gamblers show altered effective connectivity within and between these two brain networks, which may be considered to be a potential neural index for GD identification. In addition, the altered interactions between empathy and gambling networks may also indicate the potential targets for the neuro-stimulation intervention approach (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Robin Chark
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Davis Ka Chio Fong
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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8
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Wu YT, Lee AY, Choi NY, Park SA. Psychophysiological Responses of Cut Flower Fragrances as an Olfactory Stimulation by Measurement of Electroencephalogram in Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11639. [PMID: 36141903 PMCID: PMC9517035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural therapy (HT) is green care that can help improve and recover the health of modern people living in cities through natural experiences. Many studies have been conducted to determine HT's therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms, but investigation for developing readily applicable clinical techniques is insufficient. We aimed to investigate adults' brain activity and emotional state during flower arrangement (FA) with different flowers in an HT program. We recruited thirty adults and used a randomized cross-over study method to set them to participate in five FA tasks at 90-s intervals. While performing FA tasks, the participants' prefrontal cortex brain waves were measured by a wireless electroencephalography device and their emotional states between FA tasks were measured by questionnaires. Results showed that each FA task resulted in a different attention level of the participants. The participants showed the highest attention level during FA with stocks and carnations, while FA with lilies showed the lowest attention level among the five FA tasks. Instead, the participants showed the highest arousal, tension, and anxiety for emotional states during FA with lilies. Therefore, this study confirmed the differences in attention level and emotional changes according to flower types for using clinical techniques of HT for various clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Wu
- Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - A-Young Lee
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106032, Taiwan
| | - Na-Yoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sin-Ae Park
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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9
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Neacsiu AD, Szymkiewicz V, Galla JT, Li B, Kulkarni Y, Spector CW. The neurobiology of misophonia and implications for novel, neuroscience-driven interventions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:893903. [PMID: 35958984 PMCID: PMC9359080 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.893903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased tolerance in response to specific every-day sounds (misophonia) is a serious, debilitating disorder that is gaining rapid recognition within the mental health community. Emerging research findings suggest that misophonia may have a unique neural signature. Specifically, when examining responses to misophonic trigger sounds, differences emerge at a physiological and neural level from potentially overlapping psychopathologies. While these findings are preliminary and in need of replication, they support the hypothesis that misophonia is a unique disorder. In this theoretical paper, we begin by reviewing the candidate networks that may be at play in this complex disorder (e.g., regulatory, sensory, and auditory). We then summarize current neuroimaging findings in misophonia and present areas of overlap and divergence from other mental health disorders that are hypothesized to co-occur with misophonia (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder). Future studies needed to further our understanding of the neuroscience of misophonia will also be discussed. Next, we introduce the potential of neurostimulation as a tool to treat neural dysfunction in misophonia. We describe how neurostimulation research has led to novel interventions in psychiatric disorders, targeting regions that may also be relevant to misophonia. The paper is concluded by presenting several options for how neurostimulation interventions for misophonia could be crafted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada D. Neacsiu
- Duke Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Duke Brain Stimulation Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Victoria Szymkiewicz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Galla
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brenden Li
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yashaswini Kulkarni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cade W. Spector
- Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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10
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Neural Mechanisms of the Maintenance and Manipulation of Gustatory Working Memory in Orbitofrontal Cortex. Cognit Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-022-10035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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The neurobiology of drug addiction: cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:276-291. [PMID: 34408275 PMCID: PMC8617203 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical mechanisms to higher-order executive functions as regulated by the prefrontal cortex. Here we review the neuroimaging evidence in humans and non-human primates to demonstrate the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in emotional, cognitive, and behavioral alterations in drug addiction, with particular attention to the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) framework. In support of iRISA, functional and structural neuroimaging studies document a role for the prefrontal cortex in assigning excessive salience to drug over non-drug-related processes with concomitant lapses in self-control, and deficits in reward-related decision-making and insight into illness. Importantly, converging insights from human and non-human primate studies suggest a causal relationship between drug addiction and prefrontal insult, indicating that chronic drug use causes the prefrontal cortex damage that underlies iRISA while changes with abstinence and recovery with treatment suggest plasticity of these same brain regions and functions. We further dissect the overlapping and distinct characteristics of drug classes, potential biomarkers that inform vulnerability and resilience, and advancements in cutting-edge psychological and neuromodulatory treatment strategies, providing a comprehensive landscape of the human and non-human primate drug addiction literature as it relates to the prefrontal cortex.
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12
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Yuan Z, Lin X, Li P, Gao YJ, Yuan K, Yan W, Zhang YX, Liu L, Zhu XM, Zhang YJ, Bao YP, Chang SH, Lu L, Shi L. The neural correlation of emotion recognition ability and depressive symptoms-evidence from the HCP database. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1090369. [PMID: 36762291 PMCID: PMC9905428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1090369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative bias of emotional face is the core feature of depression, but its underlying neurobiological mechanism is still unclear. The neuroimaging findings of negative emotional recognition and depressive symptoms are inconsistent. METHODS The neural association between depressive symptoms and negative emotional bias were analyzed by measuring the associations between resting state functional connectivity (FC), brain structures, negative emotional bias, and depressive problems. Then, we performed a mediation analysis to assess the potential overlapping neuroimaging mechanisms. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and emotional recognition. Secondly, the structure and function of the inferior and lateral orbitofrontal gyrus are related to depressive symptoms and emotional recognition. Thirdly, the thickness of the inferior orbitofrontal cortex and the FC between the inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, precuneate and cingulate gyrus mediated and even predicted the interaction between emotion recognition and depressive symptoms. Finally, in response to a negative stimulus, the activation of the frontal pole and precuneus lobe associated with the inferior orbitofrontal gyrus was higher in participants with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The core brain regions centered on the inferior orbitofrontal cortex such as middle temporal gyrus, precuneus lobe, frontal pole, insula and cingulate gyrus are the potential neuroimaging basis for the interaction between depressive symptoms and emotional recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yuan
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Mei Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Hua Chang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Shi
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Chu Z, Han W, Liu P, Liu F, Lei G, Deng L, Yang L, Dang Y. Electrolytic lesions of the bilateral ventrolateral orbital cortex not only directly reduce depression-like behavior but also decreased desperate behavior induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress in rats. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:69. [PMID: 34814852 PMCID: PMC8611979 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) may play an important role in the regulation of emotional behavior. However, it is not known what effect VLO damage will have on emotion regulation. RESULTS Data showed that damage of VLO increased the anxiety-like behavior in open field test and elevated plus maze, and decreased the depressive behavior in forced swimming test and learned helplessness test. Besides, the impulsive aggressive behaviors were also increased while the attack latency decreased after VLO lesion. What's more, damage of VLO decreased depressive behaviors induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress in rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the integrity of VLO plays an important role in emotional regulation, and the damage of VLO may inhibit the development of depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chu
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lei
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Deng
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Binge drinking is associated with altered resting state functional connectivity of reward-salience and top down control networks. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1731-1746. [PMID: 31073695 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is characterized by bouts of high-intensity alcohol intake and is associated with an array of health-related harms. Even though the transition from occasional impulsive to addictive alcohol use is not well understood, neurobiological models of addiction suggest that repeated cycles of intoxication and withdrawal contribute to the development of addiction in part through dysregulation of neurofunctional networks. Research on the neural sequelae associated with binge drinking is scant but resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies of alcohol use disorders (AUD) indicate that the development and maintenance of long-term excessive drinking may be mediated by network-level disruptions. The present study examined RSFC in young adult binge (BD) and light (LD) drinkers with seeds representing the networks subserving reward (the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus), salience (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC), and executive control (inferior frontal cortex, IFC). BDs exhibited enhanced connectivity between the striatal reward areas and the orbitofrontal cortex and the ACC, which is consistent with AUD studies and may be indicative of alcohol-motivated appetitive behaviors. Conversely, BDs demonstrated lower connectivity between the IFC and hippocampus which was associated with higher craving. This may indicate impaired ability to suppress unwanted thoughts and a failure to employ memory of the harmful consequences of heavy drinking in prospective plans and intentions. The observed greater connectivity of the reward/salience network and the lower prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity were associated with hazardous drinking levels indicating that dysregulation of neurofunctional networks may underlie binge drinking patterns.
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15
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Different Effects of Alcohol Exposure on Action and Outcome-Related Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0052-21.2021. [PMID: 33785522 PMCID: PMC8174034 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0052-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence can result in long-lasting deficits to decision-making and action control. Neurobiological investigations have identified orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as important for outcome-related contributions to goal-directed actions during decision-making. Prior work has shown that alcohol dependence induces long-lasting changes to OFC function that persist into protracted withdrawal and disrupts goal-directed control over actions. However, it is unclear whether these changes in function alter representation of action and outcome-related neural activity in OFC. Here, we used the well-validated chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure and withdrawal procedure to model alcohol dependence in mice and performed in vivo extracellular recordings during an instrumental task in which lever-press actions made for a food outcome. We found alcohol dependence disrupted goal-directed action control and increased OFC activity associated with lever-pressing but decreased OFC activity during outcome-related epochs. The ability to decode outcome-related information, but not action information, from OFC activity following CIE exposure was reduced. Hence, chronic alcohol exposure induced a long-lasting disruption to OFC function such that activity associated with actions was enhanced, but OFC activity contributions to outcome-related information was diminished. This has important implications for hypotheses regarding compulsive and habitual phenotypes observed in addiction.
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16
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Takei K, Fujita K, Kashimori Y. A Neural Mechanism of Cue-Outcome Expectancy Generated by the Interaction Between Orbitofrontal Cortex and Amygdala. Chem Senses 2021; 45:15-26. [PMID: 31599930 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste perception is important for animals to take adequate nutrients and avoid toxins for their survival. Appetitive and aversive behaviors are produced by value evaluation of taste and taste expectation caused by other sensations. The value evaluation, coupled with a cue presentation, produces outcome expectation and guides flexible behaviors when the environment is changed. Experimental studies demonstrated distinct functional roles of basolateral amygdala (ABL) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in value evaluation and adaptive behavior. ABL is involved in generating a cue-outcome association, whereas OFC makes a contribution of generating a cue-triggered expectation to guide adaptive behavior. However, it remains unclear how ABL and OFC form their functional roles, with the learning of adaptive behavior. To address this issue, we focus on an odor discrimination task of rats and develop a computational model that consists of OFC and ABL, interacting with reward and decision systems. We present the neural mechanisms underlying the rapid formation of cue-outcome association in ABL and late behavioral adaptation mediated by OFC. Moreover, we offer 2 functions of cue-selective neurons in OFC: one is that the activation of cue-selective neurons transmits value information to decision area to guide behavior and another is that persistent activity of cue-selective neurons evokes a weak activity of taste-sensitive OFC neurons, leading to cue-outcome expectation. Our model further accounts for ABL and OFC responses caused by lesions of these areas. The results provide a computational framework of how ABL and OFC are functionally linked through their interactions with the reward and decision systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takei
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Fujita
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kashimori
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Theories of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function have evolved substantially over the last few decades. There is now a general consensus that the OFC is important for predicting aspects of future events and for using these predictions to guide behavior. Yet the precise content of these predictions and the degree to which OFC contributes to agency contingent upon them has become contentious, with several plausible theories advocating different answers to these questions. In this review we will focus on three of these ideas-the economic value, credit assignment, and cognitive map hypotheses-describing both their successes and failures. We will propose that these failures hint at a more nuanced and perhaps unique role for the OFC, particularly the lateral subdivision, in supporting the proposed functions when an underlying model or map of the causal structures in the environment must be constructed or updated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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18
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Howard JD, Kahnt T. Causal investigations into orbitofrontal control of human decision making. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021; 38:14-19. [PMID: 32864400 PMCID: PMC7448682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is important for decision making, its precise contribution to behavior remains a topic of debate. While many loss of function experiments have been conducted in animals, causal studies of human OFC function are relatively scarce. This review discusses recent causal investigations into the human OFC, with an emphasis on advances in network-based brain stimulation approaches to indirectly perturb OFC function. Findings show that disruption of human OFC impairs decisions that require mental simulation of outcomes. Taken together, these results support the idea that human OFC contributes to decision making by representing a cognitive map of the task environment, facilitating inference of outcomes not yet experienced. Future work may utilize similar non-invasive approaches in clinical settings to mitigate decision making deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Howard
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences
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Burke L, Androutsos C, Jogia J, Byrne P, Frangou S. The Maudsley Early Onset Schizophrenia Study: The effect of age of onset and illness duration on fronto-parietal gray matter. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 23:233-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveIn Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS; onset before the 18th birthday) late brain maturational changes may interact with disease mechanisms leading to a wave of back to front structural changes during adolescence. To further explore this effect we examined the relationship between age of onset and duration of illness on brain morphology in adolescents with EOS.Subjects and methodsStructural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 40 adolescents with EOS. We used Voxel Based Morphometry and multiple regressions analyses, implemented in SPM, to examine the relationship between gray matter volume with age of onset and illness duration.ResultsAge of onset showed a positive correlation with regional gray matter volume in the right superior parietal lobule (Brodmann Area 7). Duration of illness was inversely related to regional gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 11/47).ConclusionsParietal gray matter loss may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia while orbitofrontal gray matter loss is associated with illness duration.
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20
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Orbitofrontal morphology in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 25:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAbnormalities of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sulcogyral patterns have been reported in schizophrenia, but it is not known if these predate psychosis.MethodsHundred and forty-six subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia, 34 first episode of schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 36 healthy controls were scanned and clinically assessed. Utilising the classification system proposed by Chiavaras, we categorised OFC patterns and compared their distribution between the groups, as well as between those high risk subjects who did, and did not develop schizophrenia. The relationship between OFC pattern and schizotypy was explored in high risk subjects.ResultsWe refined Chiavaras’ classification system, with the identification of a previously unreported variant of OFC surface structure. There were significant differences in distribution of OFC patterns between high risk subjects who did or did not develop schizophrenia as well as between the first episode of schizophrenia group and healthy controls. Within the high risk group, possession of OFC Type III was associated with higher ratings on the Structured Inventory for Schizotypy (SIS) psychotic factor.ConclusionsOur results suggest that OFC Type III is associated with psychotic features before the development of schizophrenia. Characterisation of OFC morphology may have a role in the identification of those at greatest risk of developing schizophrenia.
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21
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Frangou S, Kington J, Raymont V, Shergill SS. Examining ventral and dorsal prefrontal function in bipolar disorder: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 23:300-8. [PMID: 17656073 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSeveral lines of research suggest both dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortical dysfunction in bipolar disorder (BD). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare patterns of brain activation in remitted BD patients and controls whilst performing tasks selected for their relative specificity in engaging either the dorsal (n-back sequential-letter working memory task) or ventral (gambling task) PFC. Seven BD patients were selected from participants of the Maudsley Bipolar Disorder Project on the basis of clinical remission, absence of cognitive deficits, and monotherapy with mood stabilisers. Subjects were individually matched by gender, age, and IQ to an equal number of healthy controls. In the n-back task, group differences were only present in response to increasing memory load. Patients did not show the predicted dynamic response in the dorsal PFC, but had increased activation in the parietal cortices. During the gambling task, controls showed significant activation in the ventral and dorsal PFC; this was attenuated in BD patients where increased activation was seen in lateral temporal and polar regions. Our findings suggest that there are trait abnormalities in dorsal and ventral PFC function in BD that may be more pronounced during tasks that rely on ventral–dorsal PFC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frangou
- Section of Neurobiology of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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22
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Oh Y, Chesebrough C, Erickson B, Zhang F, Kounios J. An insight-related neural reward signal. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116757. [PMID: 32194279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moments of insight, a phenomenon of creative cognition in which an idea suddenly emerges into awareness as an "Aha!" are often reported to be affectively positive experiences. We tested the hypothesis that problem-solving by insight is accompanied by neural reward processing. We recorded high-density EEGs while participants solved a series of anagrams. For each solution, they reported whether the answer had occurred to them as a sudden insight or whether they had derived it deliberately and incrementally (i.e., "analytically'). Afterwards, they filled out a questionnaire that measures general dispositional reward sensitivity. We computed the time-frequency representations of the EEGs for trials with insight (I) solutions and trials with analytic (A) solutions and subtracted them to obtain an I-A time-frequency representation for each electrode. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analyses tested for significant I-A and reward-sensitivity effects. SPM revealed the time, frequency, and scalp locations of several I > A effects. No A > I effect was observed. The primary neural correlate of insight was a burst of (I > A) gamma-band oscillatory activity over prefrontal cortex approximately 500 ms before participants pressed a button to indicate that they had solved the problem. We correlated the I-A time-frequency representation with reward sensitivity to discover insight-related effects that were modulated by reward sensitivity. This revealed a separate anterior prefrontal burst of gamma-band activity, approximately 100 ms after the primary I-A insight effect, which we interpreted to be an insight-related reward signal. This interpretation was supported by source reconstruction showing that this signal was generated in part by orbitofrontal cortex, a region associated with reward learning and hedonically pleasurable experiences such as food, positive social experiences, addictive drugs, and orgasm. These findings support the notion that for many people insight is rewarding. Additionally, these results may explain why many people choose to engage in insight-generating recreational and vocational activities such as solving puzzles, reading murder mysteries, creating inventions, or doing research. This insight-related reward signal may be a manifestation of an evolutionarily adaptive mechanism for the reinforcement of exploration, problem solving, and creative cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtaek Oh
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Brian Erickson
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Polskaia N, St-Amant G, Fraser S, Lajoie Y. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) examination of how self-initiated sequential movements become automatic. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:657-666. [PMID: 32030471 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying movement automaticity have been investigated using PET and fMRI and more recently functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). As fNIRS is an emerging technique, the objective of the present study was to replicate the functional magnetic resonance imaging-related motor sequence findings as reported by Wu et al. (J Neurophysiol 91:1690-1698, https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01052.2003, 2004) using fNIRS. Seventeen right-handed participants practiced self-initiated sequential finger movements of two lengths (4 and 12) until a level of automaticity was achieved. Automaticity was evaluated by performing a visual-letter-counting task concurrently with the sequential finger movements. Our data were unable to replicate the pre-to-post-practice decrease in cortical activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for both motor sequence tasks. The findings did reveal increased contribution from the right hemisphere following learning. The observed lateralization is suggestive of explicit learning and the involvement of working memory in motor sequence production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Polskaia
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gabrielle St-Amant
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Faculty of Health Science, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yves Lajoie
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Howard JD, Reynolds R, Smith DE, Voss JL, Schoenbaum G, Kahnt T. Targeted Stimulation of Human Orbitofrontal Networks Disrupts Outcome-Guided Behavior. Curr Biol 2020; 30:490-498.e4. [PMID: 31956033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Outcome-guided behavior requires knowledge about the current value of expected outcomes. Such behavior can be isolated in the reinforcer devaluation task, which assesses the ability to infer the current value of specific rewards after devaluation. Animal lesion studies demonstrate that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is necessary for normal behavior in this task, but a causal role for human OFC in outcome-guided behavior has not been established. Here, we used sham-controlled, non-invasive, continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to temporarily disrupt human OFC network activity by stimulating a site in the lateral prefrontal cortex that is strongly connected to OFC prior to devaluation of food odor rewards. Subjects in the sham group appropriately avoided Pavlovian cues associated with devalued food odors. However, subjects in the stimulation group persistently chose those cues, even though devaluation of food odors themselves was unaffected by cTBS. This behavioral impairment was mirrored in changes in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) activity such that subjects in the stimulation group exhibited reduced OFC network connectivity after cTBS, and the magnitude of this reduction was correlated with choices after devaluation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of indirectly targeting the human OFC with non-invasive cTBS and indicate that OFC is specifically required for inferring the value of expected outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Howard
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 11-643, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Rachel Reynolds
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 11-643, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Devyn E Smith
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 11-643, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joel L Voss
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 11-643, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Ward 19, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 446 E. Ontario Street, Suite 7-200, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Room 04A505, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 11-643, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 446 E. Ontario Street, Suite 7-200, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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25
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Rolls ET. The texture and taste of food in the brain. J Texture Stud 2019; 51:23-44. [PMID: 31598975 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral texture is represented in the brain areas that represent taste, including the primary taste cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the amygdala. Some neurons represent viscosity, and their responses correlate with the subjective thickness of a food. Other neurons represent fat in the mouth, and represent it by its texture not by its chemical composition, in that they also respond to paraffin oil and silicone in the mouth. The discovery has been made that these fat-responsive neurons encode the coefficient of sliding friction and not viscosity, and this opens the way for the development of new foods with the pleasant mouth feel of fat and with health-promoting designed nutritional properties. A few other neurons respond to free fatty acids (such as linoleic acid), do not respond to fat in the mouth, and may contribute to some "off" tastes in the mouth. Some other neurons code for astringency. Others neurons respond to other aspects of texture such as the crisp fresh texture of a slice of apple versus the same apple after blending. Different neurons respond to different combinations of these texture properties, oral temperature, taste, and in the orbitofrontal cortex to olfactory and visual properties of food. In the orbitofrontal cortex, the pleasantness and reward value of the food is represented, but the primary taste cortex represents taste and texture independently of value. These discoveries were made in macaques that have similar cortical brain areas for taste and texture processing as humans, and complementary human functional neuroimaging studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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26
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Drug-related Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity is Associated with Gamma Activity in Reward and Executive Control Circuit in Methamphetamine Use Disorders. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:509-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Johnston K, Murray K, Spain D, Walker I, Russell A. Executive Function: Cognition and Behaviour in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:4181-4192. [PMID: 31281952 PMCID: PMC6751156 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies of executive function (EF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed findings. Possible confounds include EF domain assessed and co-occurring neurodevelopmental diagnoses. EF task performance across multiple domains and everyday function of autistic adults (n = 110) was significantly different to age- and IQ-matched controls (n = 31). Although significantly more likely to fall into the clinically impaired range, 35.8% of the ASD group showed no impairment on EF measures. Factor analysis revealed a single unifying EF construct rather than a selective pattern of impairment. Dysexecutive behaviours were frequently reported in the ASD group, unrelated to Autism symptoms, EF task performance or co-occurring conditions. This study suggests autistic adults can experience clinically significant executive function difficulties and co-occuring dysexecutive behaviours that are disabling in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Johnston
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, National & Specialist CAMHS, Adolescent At-risk & Forensic Service, Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AZ UK
| | - Kim Murray
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie Spain
- Autism Assessment and Behavioural Genetics Clinic, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Ian Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Ailsa Russell
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
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28
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Bierzynska M, Sobczak PA, Kozak A, Bielecki M, Strelau J, Kossut MM. No Risk, No Differences. Neural Correlates of Temperamental Traits Revealed Using Naturalistic fMRI Method. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1757. [PMID: 31447728 PMCID: PMC6691771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to identify the moderating role of temperamental traits, as defined by Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), in explaining brain activity evoked by video stimuli of varying stimulatory value. fMRI scans were performed in a group of 61 young females in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The validity of stimulus selection had been verified prior to the main study by collecting declarative measures of affective reactions, including valence, arousal, and basic emotions ratings. The choice of dynamic and complex video-stimuli allowed us to induce high levels of arousal effectively. Three categories of movies used in the experiment included neutral, low arousing, and highly arousing scenes. Movies classified into the last category depicted extreme-sport activities allowing us to confront the subjects with recordings potentially life-threatening situations. Results of the study revealed that activation of orbitofrontal cortex in highly arousing conditions is linked to the levels of activity, while traits of perseverance and emotional reactivity were negatively correlated with the BOLD signal in this structure. Low arousing movies evoked higher activation of the amygdala and left hippocampus in emotionally reactive subjects. Obtained results might be coherently interpreted in the light of RTT theory, therefore providing its first validation using functional brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bierzynska
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Anna Sobczak
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kozak
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Strelau
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Maria Kossut
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Nakagawa S, Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Kotozaki Y, Shinada T, Maruyama T, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Yokoyama R, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Makoto Miyauchi C, Magistro D, Sakaki K, Jeong H, Sasaki Y, Kawashima R. Mean diffusivity related to rule-breaking guilt: the Macbeth effect in the sensorimotor regions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12227. [PMID: 31439852 PMCID: PMC6706442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guilt, a self-conscious emotion, includes self-focused role taking and also correlates with other-oriented role-taking. Excess guilt proneness might be relevant to obsessive compulsive disorders. The white matter (WM) neural correlates of the degree of guilt have not yet been determined. We hypothesized that the WM structures involved in feelings of guilt are associated with social and moral cognition (inferior parietal lobule [IPL], prefrontal cortex [PFC], and cingulate), and aimed to visualize this using diffusion MRI. We investigated the association between regional WM structures (WM volume, and fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity [MD]), and feelings of guilt in 1196 healthy, young students using MRI and the Guilty Feeling Scale, which comprises interpersonal situation (IPS; guilt from hurting friends) and rule-breaking situation (RBS; deontological guilt) scores. The primary novel finding presented here is that MD in the right somatosensory and motor cortices from arm to hand were positively correlated with RBS scores. Further, consistent with our hypothesis, RBS scores were positively correlated with MD in the same regions. These results would be predicted by the Macbeth effect, an obsession with dirt leading to hand-washing rituals resulting from guilt, made famous by the Shakespearian character Lady Macbeth. “What, will these hands ne’er be clean?” William Shakespeare (Shakespeare, 1606) Macbeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishu Nakagawa
- Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shinada
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Maruyama
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hyeonjeong Jeong
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukako Sasaki
- Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Rolls ET. The orbitofrontal cortex and emotion in health and disease, including depression. Neuropsychologia 2019; 128:14-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Zhou J, Gardner MPH, Stalnaker TA, Ramus SJ, Wikenheiser AM, Niv Y, Schoenbaum G. Rat Orbitofrontal Ensemble Activity Contains Multiplexed but Dissociable Representations of Value and Task Structure in an Odor Sequence Task. Curr Biol 2019; 29:897-907.e3. [PMID: 30827919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has long been implicated in signaling information about expected outcomes to facilitate adaptive or flexible behavior. Current proposals focus on signaling of expected value versus the representation of a value-agnostic cognitive map of the task. While often suggested as mutually exclusive, these alternatives may represent extreme ends of a continuum determined by task complexity and experience. As learning proceeds, an initial, detailed cognitive map might be acquired, based largely on external information. With more experience, this hypothesized map can then be tailored to include relevant abstract hidden cognitive constructs. The map would default to an expected value in situations where other attributes are largely irrelevant, but, in richer tasks, a more detailed structure might continue to be represented, at least where relevant to behavior. Here, we examined this by recording single-unit activity from the OFC in rats navigating an odor sequence task analogous to a spatial maze. The odor sequences provided a mappable state space, with 24 unique "positions" defined by sensory information, likelihood of reward, or both. Consistent with the hypothesis that the OFC represents a cognitive map tailored to the subjects' intentions or plans, we found a close correspondence between how subjects were using the sequences and the neural representations of the sequences in OFC ensembles. Multiplexed with this value-invariant representation of the task, we also found a representation of the expected value at each location. Thus, the value and task structure co-existed as dissociable components of the neural code in OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Zhou
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Matthew P H Gardner
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Stalnaker
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Wikenheiser
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yael Niv
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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32
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Perry A, Roberts G, Mitchell PB, Breakspear M. Connectomics of bipolar disorder: a critical review, and evidence for dynamic instabilities within interoceptive networks. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1296-1318. [PMID: 30279458 PMCID: PMC6756092 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The notion that specific cognitive and emotional processes arise from functionally distinct brain regions has lately shifted toward a connectivity-based approach that emphasizes the role of network-mediated integration across regions. The clinical neurosciences have likewise shifted from a predominantly lesion-based approach to a connectomic paradigm-framing disorders as diverse as stroke, schizophrenia (SCZ), and dementia as "dysconnection syndromes". Here we position bipolar disorder (BD) within this paradigm. We first summarise the disruptions in structural, functional and effective connectivity that have been documented in BD. Not surprisingly, these disturbances show a preferential impact on circuits that support emotional processes, cognitive control and executive functions. Those at high risk (HR) for BD also show patterns of connectivity that differ from both matched control populations and those with BD, and which may thus speak to neurobiological markers of both risk and resilience. We highlight research fields that aim to link brain network disturbances to the phenotype of BD, including the study of large-scale brain dynamics, the principles of network stability and control, and the study of interoception (the perception of physiological states). Together, these findings suggest that the affective dysregulation of BD arises from dynamic instabilities in interoceptive circuits which subsequently impact on fear circuitry and cognitive control systems. We describe the resulting disturbance as a "psychosis of interoception".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Perry
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin/London, Germany. .,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gloria Roberts
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.415193.bBlack Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.415193.bBlack Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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33
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Piantadosi PT, Lieberman AG, Pickens CL, Bergstrom HC, Holmes A. A novel multichoice touchscreen paradigm for assessing cognitive flexibility in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:24-30. [PMID: 30559117 PMCID: PMC6298539 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048264.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility refers to various processes which enable behaviors to be modified on the basis of a change in the contingencies between stimuli or responses and their associated outcomes. Reversal learning is a form of cognitive flexibility which measures the ability to adjust responding based on a switch in the stimulus–outcome contingencies of, typically two, perceptually distinct stimuli. Reversal tasks have provided valuable insight into the neural basis of cognitive flexibility, implicating brain regions including the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). However, with two-stimulus reversal, it is difficult to determine whether response errors are due excessive perseveration, deficient learning, or other problems with updating. To address this limitation, we developed a mouse three-choice touchscreen-based visual reversal task, in which the contingencies of two stimuli were switched on reversal but a third, simultaneously presented, stimulus was never reinforced. We found that, in male C57BL/6J mice, responding at the previously rewarded stimulus predominated over the newly and never-reinforced stimuli during early reversal. Next, we showed that acute pharmacological inhibition of lOFC, but not dmPFC, impaired early reversal performance, relative to noninactivated controls. Interestingly, however, lOFC inactivation deficits were characterized by increased choice of the never-reinforced stimulus and a decrease in (perseverative-like) responding at the previously rewarded stimulus. These effects are inconsistent with the historical notion of lOFC mediating response inhibition and closer to recent views of the lOFC's role in response/outcome tracking. Overall, these findings provide initial support the utility of this novel paradigm for studying cognitive flexibility and its underlying neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Piantadosi
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Abby G Lieberman
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Charles L Pickens
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Hadley C Bergstrom
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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34
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Yu S, Shen Z, Lai R, Feng F, Guo B, Wang Z, Yang J, Hu Y, Gong L. The Orbitofrontal Cortex Gray Matter Is Associated With the Interaction Between Insomnia and Depression. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:651. [PMID: 30564152 PMCID: PMC6288475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia and depression are highly comorbid symptoms in both primary insomnia (PI) and major depressive disorder (MDD). In the current study, we aimed at exploring both the homogeneous and heterogeneous brain structure alteration in PI and MDD patients. Sixty-five MDD patients and 67 matched PI patients were recruited and underwent a structural MRI scan. The subjects were sub-divided into four groups, namely MDD patients with higher or lower insomnia, and PI patients with higher or lower severe depression. A general linear model was employed to explore the changes in cortical thickness and volume as a result of depression or insomnia, and their interaction. In addition, partial correlation analysis was conducted to detect the clinical significance of the altered brain structural regions. A main effect of depression on cortical thickness was seen in the superior parietal lobe, middle cingulate cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus, while a main effect of insomnia on cortical thickness was found in the posterior cingulate cortex. Importantly, the interaction between depression and insomnia was associated with decreased gray matter volume in the right orbitofrontal cortex, i.e., patients with co-occurring depression and insomnia showed smaller brain volume in the right orbitofrontal cortex when compared to patients with lower insomnia/depression. These findings highlighted the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the neuropathology of the comorbidity of insomnia and depression. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of the brain mechanism underlying comorbidity of insomnia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Shen
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, China
| | - Fen Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Baojun Guo
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youping Hu
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Food commercials do not affect energy intake in a laboratory meal but do alter brain responses to visual food cues in children. Appetite 2018; 132:154-165. [PMID: 30312738 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Food commercials promote snack intake and alter food decision-making, yet the influence of exposure to food commercials on subsequent neural processing of food cues and intake at a meal is unclear. This study tested whether exposing children to food or toy commercials altered subsequent brain response to high- and low-energy dense food cues and influenced laboratory intake at a multi-item, ad libitum meal. Forty-one 7-9-year-old children (25 healthy weight; 16 with overweight/obesity) completed five visits as part of a within-subjects design where they consumed multi-item test-meals under three conditions: no exposure, food commercial exposure, and toy commercial exposure. On the fourth and fifth visits, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed while children viewed low- and high-energy dense food images following exposure to either food or toy commercials. Linear mixed models tested for differences in meal energy intake by commercial condition. A whole-brain analysis was conducted to compare differences in response by commercial condition and child weight status. Meal intake did not differ by commercial condition (p = 0.40). Relative to toy commercials, food commercials reduced brain response to high-energy food stimuli in cognitive control regions, including bilateral superior temporal gyri, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Commercial condition * weight status interactions were observed in orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Children with overweight/obesity showed increased response in these regions to high-energy stimuli following food commercials. Food commercial exposure affected children's subsequent processing of food cues by reducing engagement of the prefrontal cortex, a region implicated in cognitive control. Even though food commercial exposure did not increase intake at a meal, the effect of reduced prefrontal cortical engagement on a broader range of consumption patterns warrants investigation.
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36
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Sadacca BF, Wied HM, Lopatina N, Saini GK, Nemirovsky D, Schoenbaum G. Orbitofrontal neurons signal sensory associations underlying model-based inference in a sensory preconditioning task. eLife 2018; 7:e30373. [PMID: 29513220 PMCID: PMC5847331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using knowledge of the structure of the world to infer value is at the heart of model-based reasoning and relies on a circuit that includes the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Some accounts link this to the representation of biological significance or value by neurons in OFC, while other models focus on the representation of associative structure or cognitive maps. Here we tested between these accounts by recording OFC neurons in rats during an OFC-dependent sensory preconditioning task. We found that while OFC neurons were strongly driven by biological significance or reward predictions at the end of training, they also showed clear evidence of acquiring the incidental stimulus-stimulus pairings in the preconditioning phase, prior to reward training. These results support a role for OFC in representing associative structure, independent of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Sadacca
- Intramural Research program of the National Institute on Drug AbuseNIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Heather M Wied
- Intramural Research program of the National Institute on Drug AbuseNIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nina Lopatina
- Intramural Research program of the National Institute on Drug AbuseNIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Gurpreet K Saini
- Intramural Research program of the National Institute on Drug AbuseNIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel Nemirovsky
- Intramural Research program of the National Institute on Drug AbuseNIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- Intramural Research program of the National Institute on Drug AbuseNIHBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Stalnaker TA, Liu TL, Takahashi YK, Schoenbaum G. Orbitofrontal neurons signal reward predictions, not reward prediction errors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 153:137-143. [PMID: 29408053 PMCID: PMC6136456 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) fire in anticipation of and during rewards. Such firing has been suggested to encode reward predictions and to account in some way for the role of this area in adaptive behavior and learning. However, it has also been reported that neural activity in OFC reflects reward prediction errors, which might drive learning directly. Here we tested this question by analyzing the firing of OFC neurons recorded in an odor discrimination task in which rats were trained to sample odor cues and respond left or right on each trial for reward. Neurons were recorded across blocks of trials in which we switched either the number or the flavor of the reward delivered in each well. Previously we have described how neurons in this dataset fired to the predictive cues (Stalnaker et al., 2014); here we focused on the firing in anticipation of and just after delivery of each drop of reward, looking specifically for differences in firing based on whether the reward number or flavor was unexpected or expected. Unlike dopamine neurons recorded in this setting, which exhibited phasic error-like responses after surprising changes in either reward number or reward flavor (Takahashi et al., 2017), OFC neurons showed no such error correlates and instead fired in a way that reflected reward predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Stalnaker
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Tzu-Lan Liu
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Yuji K Takahashi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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Martis LS, Krog S, Tran TP, Bouzinova E, Christiansen SL, Møller A, Holmes MC, Wiborg O. The effect of rat strain and stress exposure on performance in touchscreen tasks. Physiol Behav 2017; 184:83-90. [PMID: 29129610 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from depression-associated cognitive impairments often recover incompletely after remission from the core symptoms of depression (lack of energy, depressed mood and anhedonia). This study aimed to set the basis for clinically relevant testing of cognitive impairments in a preclinical model of depression. Hence, we used the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression, which provokes the core symptom of anhedonia in a fraction of the stress exposed animals, while others remain resilient, and assessed the entire CMS groups' cognitive performance on the touchscreen operant platform. Specifically, we applied the pairwise discrimination (PD) and reversal task including a retention phase on Wistar and Long Evans controls and CMS exposed Long Evans rats. We observed differences between the albino Wistar and the pigmented Long Evans strain regarding performance in the PD and reversal task as well as in memory consolidation. CMS exposure did not alter learning and memory in the PD and reversal task, even though it altered affective behaviours in the elevated plus-maze and open field test. This is likely due to the heterogeneity of the CMS group, in which stress exposure elicited the expected range of phenotypes from anhedonic-like to resilient shown with the sucrose consumption test. Thus, our study suggests that pigmented rat strains, such as Long Evans, are superior to albino rats in the vision-based touchscreen studies. Furthermore, we propose investigation of the CMS subgroups in more complex, hippocampus-dependent tasks to refine a translational preclinical model of depression-induced cognitive impairments. Hence, this study increased awareness of strain-specific differences in touchscreen performance and added to the literature regarding the sensitivity of the PD and reversal task to stress-induced cognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Sophie Martis
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Simone Krog
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Thao Phuong Tran
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elena Bouzinova
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Sofie L Christiansen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Megan C Holmes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Bodapati AS, Jenkins LM, Sharma RP, Rosen C. Visual memory uniquely predicts anhedonia in schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. J Neuropsychol 2017; 13:136-146. [PMID: 28419772 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in memory have been suggested as an influential mechanism of anhedonia, because while pleasant experiences may be enjoyed in-the-moment, the cognitive processes involved in reporting anticipated or remembered enjoyable experiences is thought to be impaired. This study will determine whether any aspects of memory, including visual memory, verbal memory or working memory, are significantly predictive of anhedonia in a sample of schizophrenia, psychotic bipolar disorder and healthy controls. METHODS The study included 38 individuals with schizophrenia, 19 individuals with bipolar disorder with psychosis, and 43 age-matched healthy controls. All participants completed a self-report social and physical anhedonia questionnaire along with a cognitive screening battery, which assessed the domains of attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, and reasoning and problem-solving. RESULTS Anhedonia scores were regressed onto domain scores to determine which areas of cognition uniquely predicted level of anhedonia in each group. For the schizophrenia group, physical anhedonia was significantly predicted by worse visual memory performance. The regression models did not find significant cognitive predictors of physical or social anhedonia in the bipolar disorder or control groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found a significant relationship between visual memory and physical anhedonia in schizophrenia patients that was not present in a sample of psychotic bipolar patients or healthy controls, adding to an accumulating body of evidence that visual memory is related to anhedonia in schizophrenia. This relationship may be explained by underlying abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuli S Bodapati
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajiv P Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cherise Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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40
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Functional dynamics of hippocampal glutamate during associative learning assessed with in vivo 1H functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2017; 153:189-197. [PMID: 28363835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
fMRI has provided vibrant characterization of regional and network responses associated with associative learning and memory; however, their relationship to functional neurochemistry is unclear. Here, we introduce a novel application of in vivo proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H fMRS) to investigate the dynamics of hippocampal glutamate during paired-associated learning and memory in healthy young adults. We show that the temporal dynamics of glutamate differed significantly during processes of memory consolidation and retrieval. Moreover, learning proficiency was predictive of the temporal dynamics of glutamate such that fast learners were characterized by a significant increase in glutamate levels early in learning, whereas this increase was only observed later in slow learners. The observed functional dynamics of glutamate provides a novel in vivo marker of brain function. Previously demonstrated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated synaptic plasticity during associative memory formation may be expressed in glutamate dynamics, which the novel application of 1H MRS is sensitive to. The novel application of 1H fMRS can provide highly innovative vistas for characterizing brain function in vivo, with significant implications for studying glutamatergic neurotransmission in health and disorders such as schizophrenia.
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41
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General and emotion-specific neural effects of ketamine during emotional memory formation. Neuroimage 2017; 150:308-317. [PMID: 28232170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent signalling in limbic and prefrontal regions is critically involved in both cognitive and emotional functions. In humans, ketamine-induced transient, and disorder associated chronic NMDAR hypofunction (i.e. in schizophrenia) has been associated with deficient performance in the domains of memory and higher-order emotional functioning, as well as altered neural activity in the underlying limbic-prefrontal circuits. To model the effects of NMDAR hypofunction on the integration of emotion and cognition the present pharmacological fMRI study applied the NMDAR antagonist ketamine (target plasma level=100ng/ml) to 21 healthy volunteers in a within-subject placebo-controlled crossover design during encoding of neutral, positive and negative pictures. Our results show that irrespective of emotion, ketamine suppressed parahippocampal and medial prefrontal activity. In contrast, ketamine selectively increased amygdala and orbitofrontal activity during successful encoding of negative stimuli. On the network level ketamine generally increased medial prefrontal-parahippocampal coupling while specifically decreasing amygdala-orbitofrontal interplay during encoding of negative stimuli. On the behavioural level, ketamine produced generally decreased memory performance and abolished the emotional enhancement of memory after a wash-out period of 5 days. The present findings suggest that ketamine produces general as well as valence-specific effects during emotional memory formation. The pattern partly overlaps with alterations previously observed in patients with schizophrenia.
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42
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Hernández-Martin E, Marcano F, Casanova O, Modroño C, Plata-Bello J, González-Mora JL. Comparing diffuse optical tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging signals during a cognitive task: pilot study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:015003. [PMID: 28386575 PMCID: PMC5350545 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) measures concentration changes in both oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin providing three-dimensional images of local brain activations. A pilot study, which compares both DOT and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) volumes through t-maps given by canonical statistical parametric mapping (SPM) processing for both data modalities, is presented. The DOT series were processed using a method that is based on a Bayesian filter application on raw DOT data to remove physiological changes and minimum description length application index to select a number of singular values, which reduce the data dimensionality during image reconstruction and adaptation of DOT volume series to normalized standard space. Therefore, statistical analysis is performed with canonical SPM software in the same way as fMRI analysis is done, accepting DOT volumes as if they were fMRI volumes. The results show the reproducibility and ruggedness of the method to process DOT series on group analysis using cognitive paradigms on the prefrontal cortex. Difficulties such as the fact that scalp-brain distances vary between subjects or cerebral activations are difficult to reproduce due to strategies used by the subjects to solve arithmetic problems are considered. T-images given by fMRI and DOT volume series analyzed in SPM show that at the functional level, both DOT and fMRI measures detect the same areas, although DOT provides complementary information to fMRI signals about cerebral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Hernández-Martin
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine Section), Department of Basic Medical Science (Physiology Section), Spain
- Address all correspondence to: Estefania Hernández-Martin, E-mail:
| | - Francisco Marcano
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine Section), Department of Basic Medical Science (Physiology Section), Spain
| | - Oscar Casanova
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine Section), Department of Basic Medical Science (Physiology Section), Spain
| | - Cristian Modroño
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine Section), Department of Basic Medical Science (Physiology Section), Spain
| | - Julio Plata-Bello
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine Section), Department of Basic Medical Science (Physiology Section), Spain
| | - Jose Luis González-Mora
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine Section), Department of Basic Medical Science (Physiology Section), Spain
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43
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Schoenbaum G, Chang CY, Lucantonio F, Takahashi YK. Thinking Outside the Box: Orbitofrontal Cortex, Imagination, and How We Can Treat Addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2966-2976. [PMID: 27510424 PMCID: PMC5101562 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Addiction involves an inability to control drug-seeking behavior. While this may be thought of as secondary to an overwhelming desire for drugs, it could equally well reflect a failure of the brain mechanisms that allow addicts to learn about and mentally simulate non-drug consequences. Importantly, this process of mental simulation draws upon, but is not normally bound by, our past experiences. Rather we have the ability to think outside the box of our past, integrating knowledge gained from a variety of similar and not-so-similar life experiences to derive estimates or imagine what might happen next. These estimates influence our current behavior directly and also affect future behavior by serving as the background against which outcomes are evaluated to support learning. Here we will review evidence, from our own work using a Pavlovian over-expectation task as well as from other sources, that the orbitofrontal cortex is a critical node in the neural circuit that generates these estimates. Further we will offer the specific hypothesis that degradation of this function secondary to drug-induced changes is a critical and likely addressable part of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA,NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +1 443 722 6746, E-mail:
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44
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D’Antuono G, La Torre FR, Marin D, Antonucci G, Piccardi L, Guariglia C. Role of working memory, inhibition, and fluid intelligence in the performance of the Tower of London task. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2016; 24:548-558. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1225071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriella Antonucci
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Life, Health and Environmental Science Department, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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45
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Gremel CM, Chancey JH, Atwood BK, Luo G, Neve R, Ramakrishnan C, Deisseroth K, Lovinger DM, Costa RM. Endocannabinoid Modulation of Orbitostriatal Circuits Gates Habit Formation. Neuron 2016; 90:1312-1324. [PMID: 27238866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Everyday function demands efficient and flexible decision-making that allows for habitual and goal-directed action control. An inability to shift has been implicated in disorders with impaired decision-making, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Despite this, our understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms and circuitry involved in shifting action control remains limited. Here we identify an endogenous molecular mechanism in a specific cortical-striatal pathway that mediates the transition between goal-directed and habitual action strategies. Deletion of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors from cortical projections originating in the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) prevents mice from shifting from goal-directed to habitual instrumental lever pressing. Activity of OFC neurons projecting to dorsal striatum (OFC-DS) and, specifically, activity of OFC-DS terminals is necessary for goal-directed action control. Lastly, CB1 deletion from OFC-DS neurons prevents the shift from goal-directed to habitual action control. These data suggest that the emergence of habits depends on endocannabinoid-mediated attenuation of a competing circuit controlling goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Gremel
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica H Chancey
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guoxiang Luo
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachael Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rui M Costa
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Institute for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal.
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Sharpe MJ, Schoenbaum G. Back to basics: Making predictions in the orbitofrontal-amygdala circuit. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 131:201-6. [PMID: 27112314 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Underlying many complex behaviors are simple learned associations that allow humans and animals to anticipate the consequences of their actions. The orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala are two regions which are crucial to this process. In this review, we go back to basics and discuss the literature implicating both these regions in simple paradigms requiring the development of associations between stimuli and the motivationally-significant outcomes they predict. Much of the functional research surrounding this ability has suggested that the orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala play very similar roles in making these predictions. However, electrophysiological data demonstrates critical differences in the way neurons in these regions respond to predictive cues, revealing a difference in their functional role. On the basis of these data and theories that have come before, we propose that the basolateral amygdala is integral to updating information about cue-outcome contingencies whereas the orbitofrontal cortex is critical to forming a wider network of past and present associations that are called upon by the basolateral amygdala to benefit future learning episodes. The tendency for orbitofrontal neurons to encode past and present contingencies in distinct neuronal populations may facilitate its role in the formation of complex, high-dimensional state-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Sharpe
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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47
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Fang J, Rong P, Hong Y, Fan Y, Liu J, Wang H, Zhang G, Chen X, Shi S, Wang L, Liu R, Hwang J, Li Z, Tao J, Wang Y, Zhu B, Kong J. Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Default Mode Network in Major Depressive Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:266-73. [PMID: 25963932 PMCID: PMC4838995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common form of mental disorder in community and health care settings and current treatments are far from satisfactory. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a Food and Drug Administration approved somatic treatment for treatment-resistant depression. However, the involvement of surgery has limited VNS only to patients who have failed to respond to multiple treatment options. Transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) is a relatively new, noninvasive VNS method based on the rationale that there is afferent/efferent vagus nerve distribution on the surface of the ear. The safe and low-cost characteristics of tVNS have the potential to significantly expand the clinical application of VNS. METHODS In this study, we investigated how tVNS can modulate the default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity (FC) in mild or moderate major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Forty-nine MDD patients were recruited and received tVNS or sham tVNS (stVNS) treatments. RESULTS Thirty-four patients completed the study and were included in data analysis. After 1 month of tVNS treatment, the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score reduced significantly in the tVNS group as compared with the stVNS group. The FC between the DMN and anterior insula and parahippocampus decreased; the FC between the DMN and precuneus and orbital prefrontal cortex increased compared with stVNS. All these FC increases are also associated with 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale reduction. CONCLUSIONS tVNS can significantly modulate the DMN FC of MDD patients; our results provide insights to elucidate the brain mechanism of tVNS treatment for MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China..
| | - Yang Hong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Guolei Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Shan Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Huguosi Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rupeng Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China, Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiwon Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 100029
| | - Zhengjie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA, Acupuncture & Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA, College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China, Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
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48
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Serotonergic modulation of resting state default mode network connectivity in healthy women. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1109-1120. [PMID: 26767373 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays a central role in intrinsic thought processes. Altered DMN connectivity has been linked to diminished cerebral serotonin synthesis. Diminished brain serotonin synthesis is further associated with a lack of impulse control and various psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated the serotonergic modulation of intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN in healthy adult females, controlling for the menstrual cycle phase. Eighteen healthy women in the follicular phase (aged 20-31 years) participated in a double-blind controlled cross-over study of serotonin depletion. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and a balanced amino acid load (BAL), used as the control condition, were applied on two separate days of assessment. Neural resting state data using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and individual trait impulsivity scores were obtained. ATD compared with BAL significantly reduced FC with the DMN in the precuneus (associated with self-referential thinking) and enhanced FC with the DMN in the frontal cortex (associated with cognitive reasoning). Connectivity differences with the DMN between BAL and ATD in the precentral gyrus were significantly correlated with the magnitude of serotonin depletion. Right medial frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus connectivity differences with the DMN were inversely correlated with trait impulsivity. These findings partially deviate from previous findings obtained in males and underline the importance of gender-specific studies and controlling for menstrual cycle to further elucidate the mechanism of ATD-induced changes within intrinsic thought processes.
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Abstract
Circuit dysfunction models of psychiatric disease posit that pathological behavior results from abnormal patterns of electrical activity in specific cells and circuits in the brain. Many psychiatric disorders are associated with abnormal activity in the prefrontal cortex and in the basal ganglia, a set of subcortical nuclei implicated in cognitive and motor control. Here we discuss the role of the basal ganglia and connected prefrontal regions in the etiology and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression, emphasizing mechanistic work in rodent behavioral models to dissect causal cortico-basal ganglia circuits underlying discrete behavioral symptom domains relevant to these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Gunaydin
- The Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158; , .,Affiliation as of March 1, 2016: Department of Psychiatry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- The Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158; , .,Departments of Physiology and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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Foland-Ross LC, Sacchet MD, Prasad G, Gilbert B, Thompson PM, Gotlib IH. Cortical thickness predicts the first onset of major depression in adolescence. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 46:125-31. [PMID: 26315399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder and recent advances in preventative treatments for this disorder, an important challenge in pediatric neuroimaging is the early identification of individuals at risk for depression. We examined whether machine learning can be used to predict the onset of depression at the individual level. Thirty-three never-disordered adolescents (10-15 years old) underwent structural MRI. Participants were followed for 5 years to monitor the emergence of clinically significant depressive symptoms. We used support vector machines (SVMs) to test whether baseline cortical thickness could reliably distinguish adolescents who develop depression from adolescents who remained free of any Axis I disorder. Accuracies from subsampled cross-validated classification were used to assess classifier performance. Baseline cortical thickness correctly predicted the future onset of depression with an overall accuracy of 70% (69% sensitivity, 70% specificity; p=0.021). Examination of SVM feature weights indicated that the right medial orbitofrontal, right precentral, left anterior cingulate, and bilateral insular cortex contributed most strongly to this classification. These findings indicate that cortical gray matter structure can predict the subsequent onset of depression. An important direction for future research is to elucidate mechanisms by which these anomalies in gray matter structure increase risk for developing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, CA, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Prasad
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul M Thompson
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, CA, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, CA, USA
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