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Michel L, Molina P, Mameli M. The behavioral relevance of a modular organization in the lateral habenula. Neuron 2024; 112:2669-2685. [PMID: 38772374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral strategies for survival rely on the updates the brain continuously makes based on the surrounding environment. External stimuli-neutral, positive, and negative-relay core information to the brain, where a complex anatomical network rapidly organizes actions, including approach or escape, and regulates emotions. Human neuroimaging and physiology in nonhuman primates, rodents, and teleosts suggest a pivotal role of the lateral habenula in translating external information into survival behaviors. Here, we review the literature describing how discrete habenular modules-reflecting the molecular signatures, anatomical connectivity, and functional components-are recruited by environmental stimuli and cooperate to prompt specific behavioral outcomes. We argue that integration of these findings in the context of valence processing for reinforcing or discouraging behaviors is necessary, offering a compelling model to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Michel
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Molina
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mameli
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Inserm, UMR-S 839, 75005 Paris, France.
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Lee BH, Cevizci M, Lieblich SE, Ibrahim M, Wen Y, Eid RS, Lamers Y, Duarte-Guterman P, Galea LAM. Exploring the parity paradox: Differential effects on neuroplasticity and inflammation by APOEe4 genotype at middle age. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:54-70. [PMID: 38772427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Female sex and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype are top non-modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although female-unique experiences like parity (pregnancy and motherhood) have positive effects on neuroplasticity at middle age, previous pregnancy may also contribute to AD risk. To explore these seemingly paradoxical long-term effects of parity, we investigated the impact of parity with APOEε4 genotype by examining behavioural and neural biomarkers of brain health in middle-aged female rats. Our findings show that primiparous (parous one time) hAPOEε4 rats display increased use of a non-spatial cognitive strategy and exhibit decreased number and recruitment of new-born neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in response to spatial working memory retrieval. Furthermore, primiparity and hAPOEε4 genotype synergistically modulate inflammatory markers in the ventral hippocampus. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that previous parity in hAPOEε4 rats confers an added risk to present with reduced activity and engagement of the hippocampus as well as elevated pro-inflammatory signaling, and underscore the importance of considering female-specific factors and genotype in health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie H Lee
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melike Cevizci
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muna Ibrahim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanhua Wen
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rand S Eid
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paula Duarte-Guterman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Sangma JT, Renthlei Z, Trivedi AK. Bright daylight produces negative effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in nocturnal rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112885. [PMID: 38460431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The daily light/dark cycle affects animals' learning, memory, and cognition. Exposure to insufficient daylight illumination negatively impacts emotion and cognition, leading to seasonal affective disorder characterized by depression, anxiety, low motivation, and cognitive impairment in diurnal animals. However, how this affects memory, learning, and cognition in nocturnal rodents is largely unknown. Here, we studied the effect of daytime light illuminance on memory, learning, cognition, and expression of mRNA levels in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, the higher-order learning centers. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, rats were exposed to 12 L:12D (12 h light and 12 h dark) with a 10, 100, or 1000 lx daytime light illuminance. After 30 days, various behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, and passive avoidance test) were performed. In experiment 2, rats since birth were raised either under constant bright light (250 lx; LL) or a daily light-dark cycle (12 L:12D). After four months, behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, passive avoidance test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tests) were performed. At the end of experiments, rats were sampled, and mRNA expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), Tyrosine kinase (Trk), microRNA132 (miR132), Neurogranin (Ng), Growth Associated Protein 43 (Gap-43), cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (Crebp), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β), and Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) were measured in the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus of individual rats. Our results show that exposure to bright daylight (100 and 1000 lx; experiment 1) or constant light (experiment 2) compromises memory, learning, and cognition. Suppressed expression levels of these mRNA were also observed in the hypothalamus, cortex, and thalamus. These results suggest that light affects differently to different groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
| | | | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India.
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Lalrinawma TSK, Sangma JT, Renthlei Z, Trivedi AK. Restraint stress-induced effects on learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in different brain regions of mice. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:278. [PMID: 38319482 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is one of the prevalent factors influencing cognition. Several studies examined the effect of mild or chronic stress on cognition. However, most of these studies are limited to a few behavioral tests or the expression of selected RNA/proteins markers in a selected brain region. METHODS This study examined the effect of restraint stress on learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in key learning centers. Male mice were divided into three groups (n = 6/group)-control group, stress group (adult stressed group; S), and F1 group (parental stressed group). Stress group mice were subjected to physical restraint stress for 2 h before light offset for 2 weeks. The F1 group comprised adult male mice born of stressed parents. All animals were subjected to different tests and were sacrificed at the end. Transcription levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), Tyrosine kinase (TrkB), Growth Associated Protein 43 (Gap-43), Neurogranin (Ng), cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (Creb), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β), Interleukine-1 (IL-1) and Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) were studied. RESULTS Results show that both adult and parental stress negatively affect learning, memory and cognition, as reflected by taking longer time to achieve the task or showing reduced exploratory behavior. Expression of Bdnf, TrkB, Gsk3β and Ng was downregulated, while IL-1 and Tnf-α were upregulated in the brain's cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus region of stressed mice. These effects seem to be relatively less severe in the offspring of stressed parents. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that physical restraint stress can alter learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in key learning centers of brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India.
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Lazarova M, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Stefanova M, Uzunova D, Denev P, Vassileva V, Tasheva K. Extracts of Sideritis scardica and Clinopodium vulgare Alleviate Cognitive Impairments in Scopolamine-Induced Rat Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1840. [PMID: 38339117 PMCID: PMC10855470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sideritis scardica Griseb. and Clinopodium vulgare L., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, are rich in terpenoids and phenolics and exhibit various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. While the memory-enhancing impacts of S. scardica are well documented, the cognitive benefits of C. vulgare remain unexplored. This study assessed the potential effect of C. vulgare on learning and memory in healthy and scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory-impaired male Wistar rats, comparing it with the effects of S. scardica. Over a 21-day period, rats orally received extracts of cultivated S. scardica (200 mg/kg) and C. vulgare (100 mg/kg), either individually or in combination, with administration starting 10 days before and continuing 11 days simultaneously with Sco injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The results showed that both extracts effectively mitigated Sco-induced memory impairment. Their combination significantly improved recognition memory and maintained monoaminergic function. S. scardica excelled in preserving spatial working memory, while C. vulgare exhibited comparable retention of recognition memory, robust antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The extracts alleviated Sco-induced downregulation of p-CREB/BDNF signaling, suggesting neuroprotective mechanisms. The extract combination positively affected most of the Sco-induced impairments, underscoring the potential for further investigation of these extracts for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.L.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.U.)
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.L.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.U.)
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.L.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.U.)
| | - Miroslava Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.L.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.U.)
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.L.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.U.)
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Krasimira Tasheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Jiang SZ, Shahoha M, Zhang HY, Brancaleone W, Elkahloun A, Tejeda HA, Ashery U, Eiden LE. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor RapGEF2 is required for ERK-dependent immediate-early gene (Egr1) activation during fear memory formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:48. [PMID: 38236296 PMCID: PMC11071968 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The MAP kinase ERK is important for neuronal plasticity underlying associative learning, yet specific molecular pathways for neuronal ERK activation are undetermined. RapGEF2 is a neuron-specific cAMP sensor that mediates ERK activation. We investigated whether it is required for cAMP-dependent ERK activation leading to other downstream neuronal signaling events occurring during associative learning, and if RapGEF2-dependent signaling impairments affect learned behavior. Camk2α-cre+/-::RapGEF2fl/fl mice with depletion of RapGEF2 in hippocampus and amygdala exhibit impairments in context- and cue-dependent fear conditioning linked to corresponding impairment in Egr1 induction in these two brain regions. Camk2α-cre+/-::RapGEF2fl/fl mice show decreased RapGEF2 expression in CA1 and dentate gyrus associated with abolition of pERK and Egr1, but not of c-Fos induction, following fear conditioning, impaired freezing to context after fear conditioning, and impaired cAMP-dependent long-term potentiation at perforant pathway and Schaffer collateral synapses in hippocampal slices ex vivo. RapGEF2 expression is largely eliminated in basolateral amygdala, also involved in fear memory, in Camk2α-cre+/-::RapGEF2fl/fl mice. Neither Egr1 nor c-fos induction in BLA after fear conditioning, nor cue-dependent fear learning, are affected by ablation of RapGEF2 in BLA. However, Egr1 induction (but not that of c-fos) in BLA is reduced after restraint stress-augmented fear conditioning, as is freezing to cue after restraint stress-augmented fear conditioning, in Camk2α-cre+/-::RapGEF2fl/fl mice. Cyclic AMP-dependent GEFs have been genetically associated as risk factors for schizophrenia, a disorder associated with cognitive deficits. Here we show a functional link between one of them, RapGEF2, and cognitive processes involved in associative learning in amygdala and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Zhihong Jiang
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, NIMH Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 49, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meishar Shahoha
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Sherman Building Rm 719, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, NIMH Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 49, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William Brancaleone
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, NIMH Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 49, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Hugo A Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, NIMH-IRP, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uri Ashery
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Sherman Building Rm 719, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Lee E Eiden
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, NIMH Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 49, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Met Hoxha E, Robinson PK, Greer KM, Trask S. Generalization and discrimination of inhibitory avoidance differentially engage anterior and posterior retrosplenial subregions. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1327858. [PMID: 38304851 PMCID: PMC10832059 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1327858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In a variety of behavioral procedures animals will show selective fear responding in shock-associated contexts, but not in other contexts. However, several factors can lead to generalized fear behavior, where responding is no longer constrained to the conditioning context and will transfer to novel contexts. Methods Here, we assessed memory generalization using an inhibitory avoidance paradigm to determine if generalized avoidance behavior engages the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Male and female Long Evans rats received inhibitory avoidance training prior to testing in the same context or a shifted context in two distinct rooms; one room that had fluorescent lighting (Light) and one that had red LED lighting (Dark). Results We found that animals tested in a light context maintained context-specificity; animals tested in the same context as training showed longer latencies to cross and animals tested in the shifted context showed shorter latencies to cross. However, animals tested in the dark generalized their avoidance behavior; animals tested in the same context and animals tested in the shifted context showed similarly-high latencies to cross. We next examined expression of the immediate early gene zif268 and perineuronal nets (PNNs) following testing and found that while activity in the basolateral amygdala corresponded with overall levels of avoidance behaviors, anterior RSC (aRSC) activity corresponded with learned avoidance generally, but posterior RSC (pRSC) activity seemed to correspond with generalized memory. PNN reduction in the RSC was associated with memory formation and retrieval, suggesting a role for PNNs in synaptic plasticity. Further, PNNs did not reduce in the RSC in animals who showed a generalized avoidance behavior, in line with their hypothesized role in memory consolidation. Discussion These findings suggest that there is differential engagement of retrosplenial subregions along the rostrocaudal axis to generalization and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erisa Met Hoxha
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Payton K Robinson
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M Greer
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sydney Trask
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center on Aging and the Life Course, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Jung H, Han D, Lee C, Kaang BK. Synaptic Engram. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:131-145. [PMID: 39008014 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the engram refers to structural and/or physiological changes that underlie memory associations during learning. However, the precise biological basis of the engram remains elusive, with ongoing controversy regarding whether it resides at the cellular level or within the synaptic connections between activated cells. Here, we briefly review the studies investigating the cellular engram and the challenges they encounter. Subsequently, we delve into the biological basis of the engram within synaptic connections. In this regard, we introduce the history of synaptic engrams and discuss recent findings suggesting that synaptic plasticity serves as a substrate for memory. Additionally, we provide an overview of key technologies utilized in the study of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Jung
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daehee Han
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaery Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yelhekar TD, Meng M, Doupe J, Lin Y. All IEGs Are Not Created Equal-Molecular Sorting Within the Memory Engram. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:81-109. [PMID: 39008012 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
When neurons are recruited to form the memory engram, they are driven to activate the expression of a series of immediate-early genes (IEGs). While these IEGs have been used relatively indiscriminately to identify the so-called engram neurons, recent research has demonstrated that different IEG ensembles can be physically and functionally distinct within the memory engram. This inherent heterogeneity of the memory engram is driven by the diversity in the functions and distributions of different IEGs. This process, which we call molecular sorting, is analogous to sorting the entire population of engram neurons into different sub-engrams molecularly defined by different IEGs. In this chapter, we will describe the molecular sorting process by systematically reviewing published work on engram ensemble cells defined by the following four major IEGs: Fos, Npas4, Arc, and Egr1. By comparing and contrasting these likely different components of the memory engram, we hope to gain a better understanding of the logic and significance behind the molecular sorting process for memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar D Yelhekar
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Meizhen Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joslyn Doupe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Sangma JT, Trivedi AK. Light at night: effect on the daily clock, learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in different brain regions of rat. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2297-2314. [PMID: 37337065 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in urbanization is altering the natural composition of the day-night light ratio. The light/dark cycle regulates animal learning, memory, and mood swings. A study was conducted to examine the effect of different quantity and quality of light at night on the daily clock, learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in key learning centers. Treatment was similar for experiments one to three. Rats were exposed for 30 days to 12 h light and 12 h dark with a night light of 2 lx (dLAN group), 250 lx (LL), or without night light (LD). In experiment one, after 28 days, blood samples were collected and 2 days later, animals were exposed to constant darkness. In experiment two, after 30 days of treatment, animals were subjected to various tests involving learning, memory, and cognition. In experiment three, after 30 days of treatment, animals were sampled, and transcript levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase, Growth-Associated Protein 43, Neurogranin, microRNA-132, cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and Tumor necrosis factor α were measured in hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex tissues. In experiment four, animals were exposed to night light of 0.019 W/m2 but of either red (640 nm), green (540 nm), or blue (450 nm) wavelength for 30 days, and similar tests were performed as mentioned in experiment 2. While in experiment five, after 30 days of respective wavelength treatments, all animals were sampled for gene expression studies. Our results show that exposure to dLAN and LL affects the daily clock as reflected by altered melatonin secretion and locomotor activity, compromises the learning, memory, and cognitive ability, and alterations in the expression levels of transcripts in the hypothalamus, cortex, and thalamus. The effect is night light intensity dependent. Further, blue light at night has less drastic effects than green and red light. These results could be of the potential use of framing the policies for the use of light at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India.
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11
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Koebele SV, Bernaud VE, Northup-Smith SN, Willeman MN, Strouse IM, Bulen HL, Schrier AR, Newbern JM, DeNardo DF, Mayer LP, Dyer CA, Bimonte-Nelson HA. Gynecological surgery in adulthood imparts cognitive and brain changes in rats: A focus on hysterectomy at short-, moderate-, and long-term intervals after surgery. Horm Behav 2023; 155:105411. [PMID: 37659358 PMCID: PMC11060888 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Premenopausal hysterectomy is associated with a greater relative risk of dementia. We previously demonstrated cognitive impairments in adult rats six weeks after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation compared with intact sham-controls and other gynecological surgery variations. Here, we investigated whether hysterectomy-induced cognitive impairments are transient or persistent. Adult rats received sham-control, ovariectomy (Ovx), hysterectomy, or Ovx-hysterectomy surgery. Spatial working memory, reference memory, and anxiety-like behavior were tested either six-weeks post-surgery, in adulthood; seven-months post-surgery, in early middle-age; or twelve-months post-surgery, in late middle-age. Hysterectomy in adulthood yielded spatial working memory deficits at short-, moderate-, and long-term post-surgery intervals. Serum hormone levels did not differ between ovary-intact, but differed from Ovx, groups. Hysterectomy had no significant impact on healthy ovarian follicle or corpora lutea counts for any post-surgery timepoint compared with intact sham-controls. Frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex were assessed for activity-dependent markers. In entorhinal cortex, there were alterations in FOSB and ΔFOSB expression during the early middle-age timepoint, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels at the adult timepoint. Collectively, results suggest a primary role for the uterus in regulating cognition, and that memory-related neural pathways may be modified following gynecological surgery. This is the first preclinical report of long-term effects of hysterectomy with and without ovarian conservation on cognition, endocrine, ovarian, and brain assessments, initiating a comprehensive framework of gynecological surgery effects. Translationally, findings underscore critical needs to decipher how gynecological surgeries, especially those involving the uterus, impact the brain and its functions, the ovaries, and overall aging from a systems perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie V Koebele
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Victoria E Bernaud
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Steven N Northup-Smith
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Mari N Willeman
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Isabel M Strouse
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Haidyn L Bulen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Ally R Schrier
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Jason M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Dale F DeNardo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | | | - Heather A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N 7th St, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA.
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12
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Clinch SP, Busse M, Griffiths J, Rosser AE, Lelos MJ. Identification of the Neural Correlates Underlying Conflict Resolution Performance Using a Rodent Analogue of the Stroop Tests. Neuroscience 2023; 524:79-88. [PMID: 37290682 PMCID: PMC10824669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Stroop test is a widely used neuropsychological test measuring attention and conflict resolution, which shows sensitivity across a range of diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. A rodent analogue of the Stroop test, the Response-Conflict task (rRCT), allows for systematic investigation of the neural systems underpinning performance in this test. Little is known about the involvement of the basal ganglia in this neural process. The aim of this study was to use the rRCT to determine whether striatal subregions are recruited during conflict resolution processing. To achieve this, rats were exposed to Congruent or Incongruent stimuli in the rRCT and the expression patterns of the immediate early gene Zif268 were analysed throughout cortical, hippocampal and basal ganglia subregions. The results confirmed the previously reported involvement of prefrontal cortical and hippocampal regions, as well as identifying a specific role for the dysgranular (but not granular) retrosplenial cortex in conflict resolution. Finally, performance accuracy correlated significantly with reduced neural activation in the dorsomedial striatum. Involvement of the basal ganglia in this neural process has not previously been reported. These data demonstrate that the cognitive process of conflict resolution requires not only prefrontal cortical regions, but also recruits the dysgranular retrosplenial cortex and the medial region of the neostriatum. These data have implications for understanding the neuroanatomical changes that underpin impaired Stroop performance in people with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Clinch
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Busse
- Centre for Clinical Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - J Griffiths
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - A E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M J Lelos
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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13
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Echeverria V, Mendoza C, Iarkov A. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and learning and memory deficits in Neuroinflammatory diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179611. [PMID: 37255751 PMCID: PMC10225599 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal survival depends on cognitive abilities such as learning and memory to adapt to environmental changes. Memory functions require an enhanced activity and connectivity of a particular arrangement of engram neurons, supported by the concerted action of neurons, glia, and vascular cells. The deterioration of the cholinergic system is a common occurrence in neurological conditions exacerbated by aging such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Cotinine is a cholinergic modulator with neuroprotective, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and memory-enhancing effects. Current evidence suggests Cotinine's beneficial effects on cognition results from the positive modulation of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and the inhibition of the toll-like receptors (TLRs). The α7nAChR affects brain functions by modulating the function of neurons, glia, endothelial, immune, and dendritic cells and regulates inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission throughout the GABA interneurons. In addition, Cotinine acting on the α7 nAChRs and TLR reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the immune cells. Also, α7nAChRs stimulate signaling pathways supporting structural, biochemical, electrochemical, and cellular changes in the Central nervous system during the cognitive processes, including Neurogenesis. Here, the mechanisms of memory formation as well as potential mechanisms of action of Cotinine on memory preservation in aging and neurological diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Research and Development Department, Bay Pines VAHCS, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Odontologia y Ciencias de la Rehabilitacion, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alex Iarkov
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
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14
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Mahringer D, Zmarz P, Okuno H, Bito H, Keller GB. Functional correlates of immediate early gene expression in mouse visual cortex. PEER COMMUNITY JOURNAL 2022; 2:e45. [PMID: 37091727 PMCID: PMC7614465 DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
During visual development, response properties of layer 2/3 neurons in visual cortex are shaped by experience. Both visual and visuomotor experience are necessary to co-ordinate the integration of bottom-up visual input and top-down motor-related input. Whether visual and visuomotor experience engage different plasticity mechanisms, possibly associated with the two separate input pathways, is still unclear. To begin addressing this, we measured the expression level of three different immediate early genes (IEG) (c-fos, egr1 or Arc) and neuronal activity in layer 2/3 neurons of visual cortex before and after a mouse's first visual exposure in life, and subsequent visuomotor learning. We found that expression levels of all three IEGs correlated positively with neuronal activity, but that first visual and first visuomotor exposure resulted in differential changes in IEG expression patterns. In addition, IEG expression levels differed depending on whether neurons exhibited primarily visually driven or motor-related activity. Neurons with strong motor-related activity preferentially expressed EGR1, while neurons that developed strong visually driven activity preferentially expressed Arc. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that bottom-up visual input and top-down motor-related input are associated with different IEG expression patterns and hence possibly also with different plasticity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mahringer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Zmarz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Georg B Keller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Nicotine alleviates alcohol-induced memory and long-term potentiation impairment. Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136813. [PMID: 35878655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are routinely abused together. There is one plausible explanation that comorbidity can alleviate alcohol-induced cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism involved is not known. The aim of this report was to evaluate the interactive effects of alcohol coadministration with nicotine on hippocampal memory and long-term potentiation (LTP). C57BL/6 mice were distributed into 4 treatment groups: control, alcohol, nicotine, and alcohol plus nicotine. All mice received tap water or alcohol solution and saline or nicotine. In water maze test, the alcohol group showed significant decreases in hippocampus function and acquisition training than control, nicotine, and combined treatment groups. The alcohol group also showed a significantly shorter latency in entering the foot-shock compartment than control, nicotine, and combined treatment groups in a passive avoidance test. Theta burst stimulation was adopted to induce concrete LTP in CA1 field recording using hippocampal slice. Alcohol alone administration failed to maintain LTP. Nicotine alone administration did not alter hippocampal LTP. There were no negative effects of alcohol on hippocampal LTP in mice administrated with nicotine. The current study successfully demonstrated beneficial effects of nicotine on alcohol induced memory impairment accompanied by hippocampal LTP impairment after one week of co-administration and one-day withdrawal.
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16
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Su FZ, Bai CX, Luo Y, Zhang WS, Cui N, Wang YY, Sun YP, Zhu WB, Zhao MY, Yang BY, Kuang HX, Wang QH. Cattle Bile Arisaema Aqueous Extracts Protect Against Febrile Seizures in Rats Through Regulating Neurotransmitters and Suppressing Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889055. [PMID: 35712708 PMCID: PMC9196122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle bile Arisaema (CBA) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of febrile seizures (FS) for thousands of years in China. However, its application is greatly limited due to cost reasons, and pig bile Arisaema (PBA) is the main commercial product instead. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of CBA for the treatment of FS still remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-convulsant effect and potential mechanism of the CBA aqueous extract for the first time through a hot-water bath-induced FS rat model. Our results showed that pre-treatment with CBA dramatically lowered the incidence rate and generation times and prolonged the latency of FS. In addition, CBA effectively ameliorated neuronal damage and regulated neurotransmitter disorder induced by FS in the rat hippocampus. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and qRT-PCR results exhibited that CBA suppressed the expression of GFAP, TLR4, NF-κB, HMGB1, NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and consequently inhibited the neuroinflammation induced by FS. Interestingly, although the CBA and PBA aqueous extracts possessed the same trend on the changes caused by FS, the improvement of FS by CBA is markedly better than that by PBA. These findings indicate that CBA exerts a protective effect on febrile seizures through regulating neurotransmitter disorder and suppressing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Zhi Su
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chen-Xi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yumeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Sen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Na Cui
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xue Kuang, ; Qiu-Hong Wang,
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xue Kuang, ; Qiu-Hong Wang,
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17
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Tancheva L, Lazarova M, Velkova L, Dolashki A, Uzunova D, Minchev B, Petkova-Kirova P, Hassanova Y, Gavrilova P, Tasheva K, Taseva T, Hodzhev Y, Atanasov AG, Stefanova M, Alexandrova A, Tzvetanova E, Atanasov V, Kalfin R, Dolashka P. Beneficial Effects of Snail Helix aspersa Extract in an Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s Type Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:155-175. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with multifactorial etiology, unsatisfactory treatment, and a necessity for broad-spectrum active substances for cure. The mucus from Helix aspersa snail is a mixture of bioactive molecules with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. So far there are no data concerning the capacity of snail extract (SE) to affect neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: The effects of SE from Helix aspersa on learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) induced by scopolamine (Sco) in male Wistar rats were examined and some mechanisms of action underlying these effects were evaluated. Methods: SE (0.5 mL/100 g) was applied orally through a food tube for 16 consecutive days: 5 days before and 11 days simultaneously with Sco (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). At the end of Sco treatment, using behavioral methods, we evaluated memory performance. Additionally, in cortex and hippocampus the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine and monoamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) content, levels of main oxidative stress markers, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were determined. Results: We demonstrated that, according to all behavioral tests used, SE significantly improved the cognitive deficits induced by Sco. Furthermore, SE possessed AChE inhibitory activity, moderate antioxidant properties and the ability to modulate monoamines content in two brain structures. Moreover, multiple SE applications not only restored the depressed by Sco expression of CREB and BDNF, but significantly upregulated it. Conclusion: Summarizing results, we conclude that complex mechanisms underlie the beneficial effects of SE on impaired memory in Alzheimer’s type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Weston Professor of Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Minchev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Yozljam Hassanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petja Gavrilova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimira Tasheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Taseva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Hodzhev
- National Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Tzvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ventseslav Atanasov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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18
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Rodriguez-Santiago M, Jordan A, Hofmann HA. Neural activity patterns differ between learning contexts in a social fish. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220135. [PMID: 35506226 PMCID: PMC9065956 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and decision-making are greatly influenced by context. When navigating a complex social world, individuals must quickly ascertain where to gain important resources and which group members are useful sources of such information. Such dynamic behavioural processes require neural mechanisms that are flexible across contexts. Here we examine how the social context influences the learning response during a cue discrimination task and the neural activity patterns that underlie acquisition of this novel information. Using the cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, we show that learning of the task is faster in social groups than in a non-social context. We quantify the neural activity patterns by examining the expression of Fos, an immediate-early gene, across brain regions known to play a role in social behaviour and learning (such as the putative teleost homologues of the mammalian hippocampus, basolateral amygdala and medial amygdala/BNST complex). We find that neural activity patterns differ between social and non-social contexts. Taken together, our results suggest that while the same brain regions may be involved in the learning of a cue association, the activity in each region reflects an individual's social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodriguez-Santiago
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alex Jordan
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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19
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Wei R, Hu Q, Lu Y, Wang X. ceRNA Network Analysis Reveals AP-1 Transcription Factor Components as Potential Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:387-406. [PMID: 35702791 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220613142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly, characterized by decreased cognitive function. Non-coding RNAs contribute to AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To identify potential therapeutic targets for AD, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed using the hippocampus of 6-month-old amyloid precursor protein/ presenilin 1 double transgenic (APP/PS1) and wild-type mice. METHODS RNA-seq data (GSE158995), generated from the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and wild-type mice, were analyzed with the limma R package to identify significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNAs (DEMs and DECs, respectively). DEM Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using Enrichr (https://maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/). Correlations between DEMs and DECs were determined using the ggcorrplot R package. Main clusters and hub DEMs were selected using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. ceRNA interactions were predicted with the miRTarbase and Starbase tools and constructed with the ggalluvial R package and Cytoscape software. ceRNA networks were validated using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS 198 DEMs and 90 DECs were differentially expressed in APP/PS1 vs. wild-type hippocampus. DEM GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in transcription regulation, which was subdivided into three main clusters: transcription regulation, synaptic plasticity, and protein refolding. Within the transcription regulation cluster, AP-1 transcription factor components serve as hub genes. The mmu_circ_0001787(circGLCE)/miR-339-5p/Junb and mmu_circ_0001899(circFAM120C)/ miR-181a-5p/Egr1 ceRNA networks were established based on qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION Two AP-1 transcription factor component-related ceRNA networks, circGLCE/miR- 339-5p/Junb and circFAM120C/miR-181a-5p/Egr1, were constructed using a mouse model of AD. These ceRNA networks may contribute to transcription regulation in AD and provide potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
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20
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Hakim M, Beecher K, Jacques A, Chaaya N, Belmer A, Battle AR, Johnson LR, Bartlett SE, Chehrehasa F. Retrieval of olfactory fear memory alters cell proliferation and expression of pCREB and pMAPK in the corticomedial amygdala and piriform cortex. Chem Senses 2022; 47:6673813. [PMID: 35997758 PMCID: PMC9397123 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain forms robust associations between odors and emotionally salient memories, making odors especially effective at triggering fearful or traumatic memories. Using Pavlovian olfactory fear conditioning (OFC), a variant of the traditional tone-shock paradigm, this study explored the changes involved in its processing. We assessed the expression of neuronal plasticity markers phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (pCREB) and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK) 24 h and 14 days following OFC, in newborn neurons (EdU+) and in brain regions associated with olfactory memory processing; the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, amygdale, and hippocampus. Here, we show that all proliferating neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb were colocalized with pCREB at 24 h and 14 days post-conditioning, and the number of proliferating neurons at both time points were statistically similar. This suggests the occurrence of long-term potentiation within the neurons of this pathway. Finally, OFC significantly increased the density of pCREB- and pMAPK-positive immunoreactive neurons in the medial and cortical subnuclei of the amygdala and the posterior piriform cortex, suggesting their key involvement in its processing. Together, our investigation identifies changes in neuroplasticity within critical neural circuits responsible for olfactory fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziah Hakim
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Chaaya
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R Battle
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke R Johnson
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine. Division of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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21
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Shi L, Li J, Liang XF, He S, Dou Y, Peng J, Cai W, Liang H. Memory regulation in feeding habit transformation to dead prey fish of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1893-1907. [PMID: 34581919 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory drove a critical process of feeding habit transformation in Chinese perch when they re-trained to eat dead prey fish. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway on the memory of Chinese perch during feeding habit transformation, the phosphorylation levels of upstream signal proteins of CREB between the control group (trained once) and the experimental group (trained twice) were measured. The results illustrated that the re-training was correlated to phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and dephosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) of Chinese perch. Inhibition of ERK1/2-CREB pathway decreased the mRNA levels of memory-related genes ((fos-related antigen 2 (fra2), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein delta (c/ebpb), immediate-early gene zif268 (zif268), proto-oncogenes c-fos (c-fox) and synaptotagmin-IV (sytIV)) and mRNA levels of appetite-related genes (agouti-related peptide (agrp) and ghrelin), and activation of PP1-CREB pathway increased the phosphorylated levels of CREB, the mRNA levels of memory-related genes (fra2, c/ebpb, zif268, and c-fox), and the mRNA levels of appetite-related genes (pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) and leptin) in primary brain cells of Chinese perch. The memory in Chinese perch feeding habit transformation was associated with the ERK1/2-CREB and PP1-CREB pathways, which could regulate the transcription of memory-related genes and appetite-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Shi
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yaqi Dou
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjing Cai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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A flavonoid, quercetin, is capable of enhancing long-term memory formation if encountered at different times in the learning, memory formation, and memory recall continuum. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 208:253-265. [PMID: 34820709 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major extrinsic factor influencing memory and neuro-cognitive performances across taxa is diet. Studies from vertebrates have shown the effects of a flavonoid rich diet on cognitive performance, but the mechanism underlying this action is still poorly understood. A common and abundant flavonoid present in numerous food substances is quercetin (Q). The present study provides the first support for Q-modulated enhancement of cognitive function in an invertebrate model, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, after an operant conditioning procedure. We found that when snails were exposed to Q 3 h before or after a single 0.5 h training session, which typically results in memory lasting ~ 3 h, they formed a long-term memory (LTM) lasting for at least 24 h. Additionally, we assessed the effects of the combined presentation of a single reinforcing stimulus (at 24 h post-training or 24 h before training) and Q-exposure on both LTM formation and reconsolidation. That is, when applied within 3 h of critical periods of memory, Q regulates four different phases: (1) acquisition (i.e., a learning event), (2) consolidation processes after acquisition, (3) memory recall, and (4) memory reconsolidation. In all these phases Q-exposure enhanced LTM persistence.
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Trask S, Ferrara NC, Jasnow AM, Kwapis JL. Contributions of the rodent cingulate-retrosplenial cortical axis to associative learning and memory: A proposed circuit for persistent memory maintenance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:178-184. [PMID: 34450181 PMCID: PMC8511298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While the anterior cingulate (ACC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices have been extensively studied for their role in spatial navigation, less is known about how they contribute to associative learning and later memory recall. The limited work that has been conducted on this topic suggests that each of these cortical regions makes distinct, but similar contributions to associative learning and memory. Here, we review evidence from the rodent literature demonstrating that while ACC activity seems to be necessary at remote time points associated with imprecise or generalized memories, the role of the RSC seems to be uniform over time. Together, the lines of evidence reviewed here suggest that the ACC and RSC likely function together to support memory formation and maintenance following associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Nicole C Ferrara
- Department of Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, United States
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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24
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Nagayach A, Ghafari M, Zhao Y, Collins GS, Singh A, Geller AI. Connected neurons in multiple neocortical areas, comprising parallel circuits, encode essential information for visual shape learning. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102024. [PMID: 34492329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical areas comprised of multiple neuronal circuits which are encoded with innumerable advanced cognitive tasks. Studies focused on neuronal network and synaptic plasticity has hypothesized that every specific neuron and the circuit process the explicit essential information for the specific tasks. However, the structure of these circuits and the involved critical neurons remain to be elucidated. Considering our previous studies, showing the specificity of rat postrhinal cortex comprising specific neuronal circuit for encoding both the learning and recall of shape discrimination through a fast neurotransmitter release from the transduced neurons, here we have demonstrated that postsynaptic neurons in two distinct areas, perirhinal cortex and the ventral temporal association areas are required for the specific visual shape discriminations learning. The constitutively active PKC was delivered into neuronal cells in postrhinal cortex, and the animals were allowed to learn the new shape discriminations, and then the silencing siRNA was delivered into postsynaptic neurons in either perirhinal cortex or ventral temporal association areas, using a novel technology for gene transfer into connected neurons. We observed that expression of the siRNA caused the deficits in visual performance, via blocking the activity in the neurons, as displayed by activity-dependent gene imaging, and also subsequently obstructed the activation of specific signaling pathways required for further learning, and dendritic protein synthesis and CREB. Thus, ratifying the conclusion that the two parallel circuits are both required for the visual shape discrimination learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
| | - Maryam Ghafari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Yinghong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Grant S Collins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Alfred I Geller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
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25
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Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis of Molecular Signatures and Mechanistic Pathways in the Cell Cycle Underlying Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5552623. [PMID: 34336099 PMCID: PMC8290224 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5552623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cell cycle reentry of mature neurons that subsequently undergo degeneration. This study is aimed to identify key regulators of the cell cycle and their underlying pathways for developing optimal treatment of AD. Methods RNA sequencing data were profiled to screen for differentially expressed genes in the cell cycle. Correlation of created modules with AD phenotype was computed by weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Signature genes for trophic factor receptors were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis. Results Among the 13,679 background genes, 775 cell cycle genes and 77 trophic factor receptors were differentially expressed in AD versus nondementia controls. Four coexpression modules were constructed by WGCNA, among which the turquoise module had the strongest correlation with AD. According to PCC analysis, 10 signature trophic receptors most strongly interacting with cell cycle genes were filtered and subsequently displayed in the global regulatory network. Further cross-talking pathways of signature receptors, such as glutamatergic synapse, long-term potentiation, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, were identified. Conclusions Our findings highlighted the mechanistic pathways of signature trophic receptors in cell cycle perturbation underlying AD pathogenesis, thereby providing new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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26
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Saray H, Süer C, Koşar B, Tan B, Dursun N. Rho-associated kinases contribute to the regulation of tau phosphorylation and amyloid metabolism during neuronal plasticity. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1303-1314. [PMID: 34060063 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural plasticity under physiological condition develops together with normal tau phosphorylation and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. Since restoration of PI3-kinase signaling has therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, we investigated plasticity-related changes in tau and APP metabolism by the selective Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. METHODS Field potentials composed of a field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) and a population spike (PS) were recorded from a granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Plasticity of synaptic strength and neuronal function was induced by strong tetanic stimulation (HFS) and low-frequency stimulation (LFS) patterns. Infusions of saline or fasudil were given for 1 h starting from the application of the induction protocols. Total and phosphorylated tau levels and soluble APPα levels were measured in the hippocampus, which was removed after at least 1 h post-induction period. RESULTS Fasudil infusion resulted in attenuation of fEPSP slope and PS amplitude in response to both HFS and LFS. Fasudil reduced total tau and phosphorylated tau at residue Thr181 in the HFS-stimulated hippocampus, while Thr231 phosphorylation was reduced by fasudil treatment in the LFS-stimulated hippocampus. Ser416 phosphorylation was increased by fasudil treatment in both HFS- and LFS-stimulated hippocampus. Fasudil significantly increased soluble APPα in LFS-stimulated hippocampus, but not in HFS-stimulated hippocampus. CONCLUSION In light of our findings, we suggest that increased activity of Rho kinase could trigger a mechanism that goes awry during synaptic plasticity which is reversed by a Rho-kinase inhibitor. Thus, Rho-kinase inhibition might be a therapeutic target in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Saray
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Bilal Koşar
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burak Tan
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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27
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Vasconcelos AR, da Paixão AG, Kinoshita PF, Orellana AM, Scavone C, Kawamoto EM. Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling is Critical for the Adaptive Cellular Stress Response Effects Induced by Intermittent Fasting in the Mouse Brain. Neuroscience 2021; 465:142-153. [PMID: 33957205 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Among different kinds of dietary energy restriction, intermittent fasting (IF) has been considered a dietary regimen which causes a mild stress to the organism. IF can stimulate proteins and signaling pathways related to cell stress that can culminate in the increase of the body resistance to severe stress conditions. Energy intake reduction induced by IF can induce modulation of receptors, kinases, and phosphatases, which in turn can modulate the activation of transcription factors such as NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) which regulate the transcription of genes related to the translation of proteins such as growth factors: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), chaperone proteins: heat shock proteins (HSP), and so on. It has been shown that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important molecules in innate immune response which are present not only in the periphery but also in neurons and glial cells. In central nervous system, TLRs can exert functions related to set up responses to infection, as well as influence neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, being involved in cognitive parameters such as learning and memory. Little is known about the involvement of TLR4 on the beneficial effects induced by IF protocol. The present work investigated the effects of IF on memory and on the signaling mechanisms associated with NRF2 and CREB in Tlr4 knockout mice. The results suggest that TLR4 participates in the modulatory effects of IF on oxidative stress levels, on the transcription factors CREB and NRF2, and on BDNF and HSP90 expressions in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda G da Paixão
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paula F Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ana M Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elisa M Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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28
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Mazzeo S, Bessi V, Bagnoli S, Giacomucci G, Balestrini J, Padiglioni S, Tomaiuolo G, Ingannato A, Ferrari C, Bracco L, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Dual Effect of PER2 C111G Polymorphism on Cognitive Functions across Progression from Subjective Cognitive Decline to Mild Cognitive Impairment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:718. [PMID: 33919572 PMCID: PMC8074126 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodic circadian protein homolog 2 (PER2) has a role in the intracellular signaling pathways of long-term potentiation and has implications for synaptic plasticity. We aimed to assess the association of PER2 C111G polymorphism with cognitive functions in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS Forty-five SCD patients were included in this study. All participants underwent extensive neuropsychological investigation, analysis of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and PER2 genotypes, and neuropsychological follow-up every 12 or 24 months for a mean time of 9.87 ± 4.38 years. RESULTS Nine out of 45 patients (20%) were heterozygous carriers of the PER2 C111G polymorphism (G carriers), while 36 patients (80%) were not carriers of the G allele (G non-carriers). At baseline, G carriers had a higher language composite score compared to G non-carriers. During follow-up, 15 (34.88%) patients progressed to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this group, we found a significant interaction between PER2 G allele and follow-up time, as carriers of G allele showed greater worsening of executive function, visual-spatial ability, and language composite scores compared to G non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS PER2 C111G polymorphism is associated with better language performance in SCD patients. Nevertheless, as patients progress to MCI, G allele carriers showed a greater worsening in cognitive performance compared to G non-carriers. The effect of PER2 C111G polymorphism depends on the global cognitive status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Giulia Giacomucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Juri Balestrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Sonia Padiglioni
- Regional Referral Centre for Relational Criticalities, 50134 Tuscany Region, Italy;
- Unit Clinic of Organizations, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Tomaiuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Assunta Ingannato
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Laura Bracco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (J.B.); (G.T.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (L.B.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
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Morice E, Enderlin V, Gautron S, Laroche S. Contrasting Functions of Mitogen- and Stress-activated Protein Kinases 1 and 2 in Recognition Memory and In Vivo Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission. Neuroscience 2021; 463:70-85. [PMID: 33722673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are major signaling components of intracellular pathways required for memory consolidation. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (MSK1 and MSK2) mediate signal transduction downstream of MAPK. MSKs are activated by Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK. In turn, they can activate cyclic AMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB), thereby modulating the expression of immediate early genes crucial for the formation of long-term memories. While MSK1 has been previously implicated in certain forms of learning and memory, little is known concerning MSK2. Our goal was to explore the respective contribution of MSK1 and MSK2 in hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity and hippocampal-dependent recognition memory. In Msk1- and Msk2-knockout mice, we evaluated object and object-place recognition memory, basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and inhibition (PPI), and the capacity to induce and sustain long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. We also assessed the level of two proteins downstream in the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway crucial for long-term memory, CREB and the immediate early gene (IEG) Early growth response 1 (EGR1). Loss of Msk1, but not of Msk2, affected excitatory synaptic transmission at perforant path-to-dentate granule cell synapses, altered short-term presynaptic plasticity, impaired selectively long-term spatial recognition memory, and decreased basal levels of CREB and its activated form. LTP in vivo and LTP-induced CREB phosphorylation and EGR1 expression were unchanged after Msk1 or Msk2 deletion. Our findings demonstrate a dissimilar contribution of MSKs proteins in cognitive processes and suggest that Msk1 loss-of-function only has a deleterious impact on neuronal activity and hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Morice
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005 Paris, France; University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Valérie Enderlin
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Sophie Gautron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Serge Laroche
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute, 91405 Orsay, France.
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30
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Memory-specific correlated neuronal activity in higher-order auditory regions of a parrot. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1618. [PMID: 33452344 PMCID: PMC7810846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Male budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are open-ended learners that can learn to produce new vocalisations as adults. We investigated neuronal activation in male budgerigars using the expression of the protein products of the immediate early genes zenk and c-fos in response to exposure to conspecific contact calls (CCs: that of the mate or an unfamiliar female) in three subregions (CMM, dNCM and vNCM) of the caudomedial pallium, a higher order auditory region. Significant positive correlations of Zenk expression were found between these subregions after exposure to mate CCs. In contrast, exposure to CCs of unfamiliar females produced no such correlations. These results suggest the presence of a CC-specific association among the subregions involved in auditory memory. The caudomedial pallium of the male budgerigar may have functional subdivisions that cooperate in the neuronal representation of auditory memory.
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31
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Longueville S, Nakamura Y, Brami-Cherrier K, Coura R, Hervé D, Girault JA. Long-lasting tagging of neurons activated by seizures or cocaine administration in Egr1-CreER T2 transgenic mice. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1450-1472. [PMID: 33226686 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Permanent tagging of neuronal ensembles activated in specific experimental situations is an important objective to study their properties and adaptations. In the context of learning and memory, these neurons are referred to as engram neurons. Here, we describe and characterize a novel mouse line, Egr1-CreERT2 , which carries a transgene in which the promoter of the immediate early gene Egr1 drives the expression of the CreERT2 recombinase that is only active in the presence of tamoxifen metabolite, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT). Egr1-CreERT2 mice were crossed with various reporter mice, Cre-dependently expressing a fluorescent protein. Without tamoxifen or 4-OHT, no or few tagged neurons were observed. Epileptic seizures induced by pilocarpine or pentylenetetrazol in the presence of tamoxifen or 4-OHT elicited the persistent tagging of many neurons and some astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, where Egr1 is transiently induced by seizures. One week after cocaine and 4-OHT administration, these mice displayed a higher number of tagged neurons in the dorsal striatum than saline/4-OHT controls, with differences between reporter lines. Cocaine-induced tagging required ERK activation and tagged neurons were more likely than others to exhibit ERK phosphorylation or Fos induction after a second injection. Interestingly neurons tagged in saline-treated mice also had an increased propensity to express Fos, suggesting the existence of highly responsive striatal neurons susceptible to be re-activated by cocaine repeated administration, which may contribute to the behavioral adaptations. Our report validates a novel transgenic mouse model for permanently tagging activated neurons and studying long-term alterations of Egr1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Longueville
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Karen Brami-Cherrier
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Renata Coura
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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32
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Experience selectively alters functional connectivity within a neural network to predict learned behavior in juvenile songbirds. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117218. [PMID: 32745678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central questions of neuroethology is how specialized brain areas communicate to form dynamic networks that support complex cognitive and behavioral processes. Developmental song learning in the male zebra finch songbird (Taeniopygia guttata) provides a unique window into the complex interplay among sensory, sensorimotor, and motor network nodes. The foundation of a young male's song structure is the sensory memory he forms during interactions with an adult "tutor." However, even in the absence of tutoring, juveniles produce a song-like behavior. Thus, by controlling a juvenile male's tutor exposure, we can examine how tutor experience affects distributed neural networks and how network properties predict behavior. Here, we used longitudinal, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) and song analyses to examine known nodes of the song network, and to allow discovery of additional areas functionally related to song learning. We present three major novel findings. First, tutor deprivation significantly reduced the global FC strength of the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) subregion of the auditory forebrain required for sensory song learning. Second, tutor deprivation resulted in reduced FC between NCM and cerebellar lobule VI, a region analogous to areas that regulate limbic, social, and language functions in humans. Third, NCM FC strength predicted song stereotypy and mediated the relationship between tutoring and stereotypy, thus completing the link between experience, neural network properties, and complex learned behavior.
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Pandey A, Oliver R, Kar SK. Differential Gene Expression in Brain and Liver Tissue of Wistar Rats after Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:442-465. [PMID: 33114225 PMCID: PMC7711450 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for the survival of most living beings. Numerous researchers have identified a series of genes that are thought to regulate "sleep-state" or the "deprived state". As sleep has a significant effect on physiology, we believe that lack of total sleep, or particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, for a prolonged period would have a profound impact on various body tissues. Therefore, using the microarray method, we sought to determine which genes and processes are affected in the brain and liver of rats following nine days of REM sleep deprivation. Our findings showed that REM sleep deprivation affected a total of 652 genes in the brain and 426 genes in the liver. Only 23 genes were affected commonly, 10 oppositely, and 13 similarly across brain and liver tissue. Our results suggest that nine-day REM sleep deprivation differentially affects genes and processes in the brain and liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Ryan Oliver
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Santosh K Kar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Nano Herb Research Laboratory, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Technology Bio Incubator, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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Bessi V, Giacomucci G, Mazzeo S, Bagnoli S, Padiglioni S, Balestrini J, Tomaiuolo G, Piaceri I, Carraro M, Bracco L, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. PER2 C111G polymorphism, cognitive reserve and cognition in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 10-year follow-up study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:56-65. [PMID: 32896064 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CLOCK and PER2 genes have been implicated in sleep-wake cycle alterations and neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of CLOCK T3111C and PER2 C111G on cognitive functioning in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients at the baseline of a longitudinal study, and the effect of these two polymorphisms on the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) of the two groups. METHODS Sixty-eight subjects (41 SCD and 27 MCI) who underwent clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, CLOCK and PER2 genotyping at baseline and neuropsychological follow-up every 2 years for a mean time of 10 years were included. Subjects who developed AD (SCD-c and MCI-c) and non-converters (SCD-nc, MCI-nc) were considered. RESULTS CLOCK T3111C was detected in 47% of cases (21 SCD, 11 MCI) and PER2 C111G in 19% of cases (eight SCD and five MCI). PER2 G carriers presented lower premorbid intelligence score (P = 0.049), fewer years of education (P = 0.007) and a lower frequency of family history of AD (P = 0.04) than G non-carriers. MCI PER2 G carriers had worse performance in tests assessing memory, executive function, language and visuospatial abilities at baseline. During follow-up, two SCD and 15 MCI subjects progressed to AD: both of the SCD-c subjects presented the PER2 G allele, while none of the SCD PER2 G non-carriers converted to AD (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION PER2 seems to have a role in cognitive reserve and cognition in SCD and MCI patients. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the role of PER2 C111G on the risk of progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Giacomucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Padiglioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - J Balestrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - I Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Carraro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Bracco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - B Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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Trask S, Dulka BN, Helmstetter FJ. Age-Related Memory Impairment Is Associated with Increased zif268 Protein Accumulation and Decreased Rpt6 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5352. [PMID: 32731408 PMCID: PMC7432048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive decline, including impairments in the ability to accurately form and recall memories. Some behavioral and brain changes associated with aging are evident as early as middle age, making the understanding of associated neurobiological mechanisms essential to aid in efforts aimed at slowing cognitive decline throughout the lifespan. Here, we found that both 15-month-old and 22-month-old rats showed impaired memory recall following trace fear conditioning. This behavioral deficit was accompanied by increased zif268 protein accumulation relative to 3-month-old animals in the medial prefrontal cortex, the dorsal and ventral hippocampi, the anterior and posterior retrosplenial cortices, the lateral amygdala, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Elevated zif268 protein levels corresponded with decreases in phosphorylation of the Rpt6 proteasome regulatory subunit, which is indicative of decreased engagement of activity-driven protein degradation. Together, these results identify several brain regions differentially impacted by aging and suggest that the accumulation of proteins associated with memory retrieval, through reduced proteolytic activity, is associated with age-related impairments in memory retention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fred J. Helmstetter
- Department of Psychology, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (S.T.); (B.N.D.)
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Takehara-Nishiuchi K. Prefrontal-hippocampal interaction during the encoding of new memories. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820925580. [PMID: 32954000 PMCID: PMC7479858 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820925580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus rapidly forms associations among ongoing events as they unfold and later instructs the gradual stabilisation of their memory traces in the neocortex. Although this two-stage model of memory consolidation has gained substantial empirical support, parallel evidence from rodent studies suggests that the neocortex, in particular the medial prefrontal cortex, might work in concert with the hippocampus during the encoding of new experiences. This opinion article first summarises findings from behavioural, electrophysiological, and molecular studies in rodents that uncovered immediate changes in synaptic connectivity and neural selectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex during and shortly after novel experiences. Based on these findings, I then propose a model positing that the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus might use different strategies to encode information during novel experiences, leading to the parallel formation of complementary memory traces in the two regions. The hippocampus captures moment-to-moment changes in incoming inputs with accurate spatial and temporal contexts, whereas the medial prefrontal cortex may sort the inputs based on their similarity and integrates them over time. These processes of pattern recognition and integration enable the medial prefrontal cortex to, in real time, capture the central content of novel experience and emit relevancy signal that helps to enhance the contrast between the relevant and incidental features of the experience. This hypothesis serves as a framework for future investigations on the potential top-down modulation that the medial prefrontal cortex may exert over the hippocampus to enable the selective, perhaps more intelligent encoding of new information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Psychology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems
Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Program, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Harvey E, Blurton‐Jones M, Kennedy PJ. Hippocampal BDNF regulates a shift from flexible, goal-directed to habit memory system function following cocaine abstinence. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1101-1113. [PMID: 31206907 PMCID: PMC6851590 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition from recreational drug use to addiction involves pathological learning processes that support a persistent shift from flexible, goal-directed to habit behavioral control. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms supporting altered function in hippocampal (HPC) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) memory systems following abstinence from repeated cocaine. After 3 weeks of cocaine abstinence (experimenter- or self-administered), we tested new behavioral learning in male rats using a dual-solution maze task, which provides an unbiased approach to assess HPC- versus DLS-dependent learning strategies. Dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and DLS brain tissues were collected after memory testing to identify transcriptional adaptations associated with cocaine-induced shifts in behavioral learning. Our results demonstrate that following prolonged cocaine abstinence rats show a bias toward the use of an inflexible, habit memory system (DLS) in lieu of a more flexible, easily updated memory system involving the HPC. This memory system bias was associated with upregulation and downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression and transcriptionally permissive histone acetylation (acetylated histone H3, AcH3) in the DLS and dHPC, respectively. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, we overexpressed BDNF in the dHPC during cocaine abstinence and new maze learning. This manipulation restored HPC-dependent behavioral control. These findings provide a system-level understanding of altered plasticity and behavioral learning following cocaine abstinence and inform mechanisms mediating the organization of learning and memory more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Harvey
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Matthew Blurton‐Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineCalifornia
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California IrvineCalifornia
| | - Pamela J. Kennedy
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
- Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
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Hu JR, Chun YS, Kim JK, Cho IJ, Ku SK. Ginseng berry aqueous extract prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4388-4396. [PMID: 31772634 PMCID: PMC6862129 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng berry exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of ginseng berry aqueous extract (GBE) against oxidative stress and to assess the impact of GBE on memory impairment in mice. In HT-22 cells, GBE pretreatment significantly inhibited glutamate- and hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, while treatment with up to 100 µg/ml GBE alone did not change cell viability. In a murine model of scopolamine (SCP)-induced memory impairment, results from the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test indicated that GBE administration for 4 weeks prolonged step-through latency time and shortened escape latency time, suggesting that GBE can attenuate deficits in long-term memory induced by SCP. Additionally, GBE prevented SCP-induced reductions in acetylcholine by decreasing acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulating choline acetyltransferase mRNA levels in the hippocampus. GBE mitigated SCP-mediated mRNA decreases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and its associated signaling molecules. Furthermore, GBE administration significantly suppressed malondialdehyde production and increased glutathione levels, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity in SCP-induced memory impaired mice. Therefore, the results of the current study indicated that ginseng berry may be a potential candidate for treating or preventing memory deficits that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ryul Hu
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Chun
- Central Research Center, Aribio Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do 17749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Kim
- Central Research Center, Aribio Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do 17749, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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Sari DCR, Arfian N, Tranggono U, Setyaningsih WAW, Romi MM, Emoto N. Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) ethanol extract up-regulates hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in chronic electrical stress model in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1218-1224. [PMID: 31998466 PMCID: PMC6885393 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.29012.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impairment of hippocampus function as a center for memory processing occurs due to stress. Centella asiatica L. (Gotu kola) is known to improve memory, intelligence, and neural protection although the precise mechanism is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts of C. asiatica toward MAPK expression as down-stream signaling of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a chronic electrical stress model on 20 male Sprague Dawley rats (2 months-old, 180-200 g). Rats were divided into four groups: normal control group (Control) which received distilled water, and three treatment groups receiving oral Gotu kola ethanol extracts in oral doses of 150 mg/kg BW (CeA150), 300 mg/kg BW (CeA300), and 600 mg/kg BW (CeA600) over four weeks. Memory acquisition was assessed with Morris water maze. Hippocampus was harvested, then extracted for protein and RNA analysis. MAPK proteins (p38, ERK1/2, JNK) were measured using Western blot, meanwhile, BDNF and TrkB receptor were analyzed with real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS CeA600 group revealed improvement of memory performance as shown by reduction in time and distance parameters compared to control during escape latency test. This finding associated with significant elevation of hippocampal BDNF protein and mRNA level with up-regulation of TrkB mRNA expression in CeA600 group compared to control. Western-blot analysis showed significant up-regulation of ERK1/2 protein level in CeA600 group (P<0.05) compare to control. CONCLUSION BDNF signaling through TrkB and ERK1/2 pathway contributes significantly to amelioration of memory performance after C. asiatica treatment in electrical stress model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Untung Tranggono
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Mansyur Romi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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Kim H, Hur SW, Park JB, Seo J, Shin JJ, Kim S, Kim M, Han DH, Park J, Park JM, Kim SJ, Chun Y. Histone demethylase PHF2 activates CREB and promotes memory consolidation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e45907. [PMID: 31359606 PMCID: PMC6726911 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory formation is attributed to experience-dependent gene expression. Dynamic changes in histone methylation are essential for the epigenetic regulation of memory consolidation-related genes. Here, we demonstrate that the plant homeodomain finger protein 2 (PHF2) histone demethylase is upregulated in the mouse hippocampus during the experience phase and plays an essential role in memory formation. PHF2 promotes the expression of memory-related genes by epigenetically reinforcing the TrkB-CREB signaling pathway. In behavioral tests, memory formation is enhanced by transgenic overexpression of PHF2 in mice, but is impaired by silencing PHF2 in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological studies reveal that PHF2 elevates field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and NMDA receptor-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in CA1 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that PHF2 promotes long-term potentiation. This study provides insight into the epigenetic regulation of learning and memory formation, which advances our knowledge to improve memory in patients with degenerative brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye‐Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sung Won Hur
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jae Jin Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Center for cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
| | - Seon‐Young Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Myoung‐Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Do Hyun Han
- Proteomics Core FacilityBiomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Jong‐Wan Park
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yang‐Sook Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Lambert K, Eisch AJ, Galea LAM, Kempermann G, Merzenich M. Optimizing brain performance: Identifying mechanisms of adaptive neurobiological plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:60-71. [PMID: 31356835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although neuroscience research has debunked the late 19th century claims suggesting that large portions of the brain are typically unused, recent evidence indicates that an enhanced understanding of neural plasticity may lead to greater insights related to the functional capacity of brains. Continuous and real-time neural modifications in concert with dynamic environmental contexts provide opportunities for targeted interventions for maintaining healthy brain functions throughout the lifespan. Neural design, however, is far from simplistic, requiring close consideration of context-specific and other relevant variables from both species and individual perspectives to determine the functional gains from increased and decreased markers of neuroplasticity. Caution must be taken in the interpretation of any measurable change in neurobiological responses or behavioral outcomes, as definitions of optimal functions are extremely complex. Even so, current behavioral neuroscience approaches offer unique opportunities to evaluate adaptive functions of various neural responses in an attempt to enhance the functional capacity of neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- Dept of Psychology, B326 Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, VA, 23173, USA.
| | - Amelia J Eisch
- Dept of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA.
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Dept of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T, Canada.
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden and CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Lee SY, Jang CG. Isoorientin improves scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments by restoring the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense, and p-CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:722-731. [PMID: 31350730 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoorientin (ISO) is considered one of the most important flavonoids with various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Despite these beneficial activities, the effects of ISO on learning and memory have not been investigated so far. The current study evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of ISO in a scopolamine-treated mouse model by using the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. The results showed that ISO (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly improved the cognitive impairments caused by scopolamine. Additionally, ISO significantly decreased scopolamine-induced acetylcholinesterase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activities in both the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. In addition, ISO significantly increased the levels of total superoxide dismutase induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Moreover, Western blot results indicated that ISO reversed the decreases in expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of scopolamine-treated mice. Thus, our results provide initial evidence that ISO ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory and cognitive impairments partly by restoring the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense, and p-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, thereby exhibiting memory-enhancing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Smolen P, Baxter DA, Byrne JH. How can memories last for days, years, or a lifetime? Proposed mechanisms for maintaining synaptic potentiation and memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:133-150. [PMID: 30992383 PMCID: PMC6478248 DOI: 10.1101/lm.049395.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With memory encoding reliant on persistent changes in the properties of synapses, a key question is how can memories be maintained from days to months or a lifetime given molecular turnover? It is likely that positive feedback loops are necessary to persistently maintain the strength of synapses that participate in encoding. Such feedback may occur within signal-transduction cascades and/or the regulation of translation, and it may occur within specific subcellular compartments or within neuronal networks. Not surprisingly, numerous positive feedback loops have been proposed. Some posited loops operate at the level of biochemical signal-transduction cascades, such as persistent activation of Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) or protein kinase Mζ. Another level consists of feedback loops involving transcriptional, epigenetic and translational pathways, and autocrine actions of growth factors such as BDNF. Finally, at the neuronal network level, recurrent reactivation of cell assemblies encoding memories is likely to be essential for late maintenance of memory. These levels are not isolated, but linked by shared components of feedback loops. Here, we review characteristics of some commonly discussed feedback loops proposed to underlie the maintenance of memory and long-term synaptic plasticity, assess evidence for and against their necessity, and suggest experiments that could further delineate the dynamics of these feedback loops. We also discuss crosstalk between proposed loops, and ways in which such interaction can facilitate the rapidity and robustness of memory formation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Douglas A Baxter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - John H Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Li J, Li X, Bi H, Li B. The MEK/ERK/CREB signaling pathway is involved in atrazine induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:673-681. [PMID: 30580161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly used artificial synthetic herbicide world-wide, which has been implicated as a potential threat to human health. Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to ATR affects hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in rodents, but the exact molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATR on the hippocampus of postnatal day 35 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats administered doses of either 10 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day of ATR for a period of 30 days. A Morris water maze (MWM) test revealed that ATR treatment impaired memory performance in the spatial probe test, especially amongst the high-dose group. Moreover, analysis by electron microscopy showed that hippocampal neuron ultrastructure in the dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) sub-regions was impaired in the ATR-treated groups. Finally, a downregulation in the mRNA and protein expression levels of members of the MEK/ERK/CREB pathway and downstream factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Zif268 was observed in hippocampal tissue following ATR treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that developmental exposure to ATR is able to induce functional and morphological lesions in the hippocampus of SD rats, and that the MEK/ERK/CREB signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150081, China.
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Zhang GR, Zhao H, Choi EM, Svestka M, Wang X, Nagayach A, Singh A, Cook RG, Geller AI. An identified ensemble within a neocortical circuit encodes essential information for genetically-enhanced visual shape learning. Hippocampus 2019; 29:710-725. [PMID: 30734387 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced cognitive tasks are encoded in distributed neocortical circuits that span multiple forebrain areas. Nonetheless, synaptic plasticity and neural network theories hypothesize that essential information for performing these tasks is encoded in specific ensembles within these circuits. Relatively simpler subcortical areas contain specific ensembles that encode learning, suggesting that neocortical circuits contain such ensembles. Previously, using localized gene transfer of a constitutively active protein kinase C (PKC), we established that a genetically-modified circuit in rat postrhinal cortex, part of the hippocampal formation, can encode some essential information for performing specific visual shape discriminations. However, these studies did not identify any specific neurons that encode learning; the entire circuit might be required. Here, we show that both learning and recall require fast neurotransmitter release from an identified ensemble within this circuit, the transduced neurons; we blocked fast release from these neurons by coexpressing a Synaptotagmin I siRNA with the constitutively active PKC. During learning or recall, specific signaling pathways required for learning are activated in this ensemble; during learning, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, MAP kinase, and CREB are activated; and, during recall, dendritic protein synthesis and CREB are activated. Using activity-dependent gene imaging, we showed that during learning, activity in this ensemble is required to recruit and activate the circuit. Further, after learning, during image presentation, blocking activity in this ensemble reduces accuracy, even though most of the rest of the circuit is activated. Thus, an identified ensemble within a neocortical circuit encodes essential information for performing an advanced cognitive task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, W. Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, W. Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Eui M Choi
- Department of Neurology, W. Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Svestka
- Department of Neurology, W. Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Neurology, W. Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert G Cook
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Alfred I Geller
- Department of Neurology, W. Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Molecular Mechanisms of Early and Late LTP. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:281-296. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The MAPK pathway is a prominent intracellular signaling pathway regulating various intracellular functions. Components of this pathway are mutated in a related collection of congenital syndromes collectively referred to as neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes (NCFC) or Rasopathies. Recently, it has been appreciated that these disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, idiopathic ASD has also implicated the MAPK signaling cascade as a common pathway that is affected by many of the genetic variants that have been found to be linked to ASDs. This chapter describes the components of the MAPK pathway and how it is regulated. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight the various functions of the MAPK pathway during both embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and its roles in neuronal physiology and ultimately, behavior. Finally, we will summarize the perturbations to MAPK signaling in various models of autism spectrum disorders and Rasopathies to highlight how dysregulation of this pivotal pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism.
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Procyanidins Extracted from Lotus Seedpod Ameliorate Amyloid- β-Induced Toxicity in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4572893. [PMID: 30538801 PMCID: PMC6230407 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4572893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by extracellular senile plaque deposits, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal apoptosis. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a critical role in AD that may cause oxidative stress and downregulation of CREB/BDNF signaling. Anti-Aβ effect has been discussed as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. This study aimed to identify the amelioration of procyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) on Aβ-induced damage with associated pathways for AD treatment. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells incubated with Aβ25–35 serve as an Aβ damage model to evaluate the effect of LSPC in vitro. Our findings illustrated that LSPC maintained the cellular morphology from deformation and reduced apoptosis rates of cells induced by Aβ25–35. The mechanisms of LSPC to protect cells from Aβ-induced damage were based on its regulation of oxidation index and activation of CREB/BDNF signaling, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB), protein kinase B (also known as AKT), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Of note, by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), several metabolites were detected to accumulate in vivo, part of which could take primary responsibility for the amelioration of Aβ-induced damage on PC12 cells. Taken together, our research elucidated the effect of LSPC on neuroprotection through anti-Aβ, indicating it as a potential pretreatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Jablonski SA, Robinson-Drummer PA, Schreiber WB, Asok A, Rosen JB, Stanton ME. Impairment of the context preexposure facilitation effect in juvenile rats by neonatal alcohol exposure is associated with decreased Egr-1 mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:497-511. [PMID: 30346189 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a variant of contextual fear conditioning in which learning about the context (preexposure) and associating the context with a shock (training) occur on separate occasions. The CPFE is sensitive to a range of neonatal alcohol doses (Murawski & Stanton, 2011). The current study examined the impact of neonatal alcohol on Egr-1 mRNA expression in the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) subregions of the mPFC, the CA1 of dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA), following the preexposure and training phases of the CPFE. Rat pups were exposed to a 5.25 g/kg/day single binge-like dose of alcohol (Group EtOH) or were sham intubated (SI; Group SI) over postnatal days (PD) 7-9. In behaviorally tested rats, alcohol administration disrupted freezing. Following context preexposure, Egr-1 mRNA was elevated in both EtOH and SI groups compared with baseline control animals in all regions analyzed. Following both preexposure and training, Group EtOH displayed a significant decrease in mPFC Egr-1 mRNA expression compared with Group SI. However, this decrease was greatest after training. Training day decreases in Egr-1 expression were not found in LA or CA1 in Group EtOH compared with Group SI. A second experiment confirmed that the EtOH-induced training-day deficits in mPFC Egr-1 mRNA expression were specific to groups which learned contextual fear (vs. nonassociative controls). Thus, memory processes that engage the mPFC during the context-shock association may be most susceptible to the teratogenic effects of neonatal alcohol. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arun Asok
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
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Rennó-Costa C, da Silva ACC, Blanco W, Ribeiro S. Computational models of memory consolidation and long-term synaptic plasticity during sleep. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 160:32-47. [PMID: 30321652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The brain stores memories by persistently changing the connectivity between neurons. Sleep is known to be critical for these changes to endure. Research on the neurobiology of sleep and the mechanisms of long-term synaptic plasticity has provided data in support of various theories of how brain activity during sleep affects long-term synaptic plasticity. The experimental findings - and therefore the theories - are apparently quite contradictory, with some evidence pointing to a role of sleep in the forgetting of irrelevant memories, whereas other results indicate that sleep supports the reinforcement of the most valuable recollections. A unified theoretical framework is in need. Computational modeling and simulation provide grounds for the quantitative testing and comparison of theoretical predictions and observed data, and might serve as a strategy to organize the rather complicated and diverse pool of data and methodologies used in sleep research. This review article outlines the emerging progress in the computational modeling and simulation of the main theories on the role of sleep in memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rennó-Costa
- BioMe - Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Costa da Silva
- BioMe - Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Wilfredo Blanco
- BioMe - Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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