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Alnasser M, Alshammari AH, Siddiqui AY, Alothmani OS, Issrani R, Iqbal A, Khattak O, Prabhu N. Tissue Regeneration on Rise: Dental Hard Tissue Regeneration and Challenges-A Narrative Review. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:9990562. [PMID: 38690100 PMCID: PMC11057954 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9990562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Background As people live longer, there is an increasing need for hard tissue regeneration and whole-tooth regeneration. Despite the advancements in the field of medicine, the field of regenerative dentistry is still challenging due to the complexity of dental hard tissues. Cross-disciplinary collaboration among material scientists, cellular biologists, and odontologists aimed at developing strategies and uncovering solutions related to dental tissue regeneration. Methodology. A search of the literature was done for pertinent research. Consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, the electronic databases looked at were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the keyword search "hard dental tissue regeneration." Results Database analysis yielded a total of 476 articles. 222 duplicate articles have been removed in total. Articles that have no connection to the directed regeneration of hard dental tissue were disregarded. The review concluded with the inclusion of four studies that were relevant to our research objective. Conclusion Current molecular signaling network investigations and novel viewpoints on cellular heterogeneity have made advancements in understanding of the kinetics of dental hard tissue regeneration possible. Here, we outline the fundamentals of stem hard dental tissue maintenance, regeneration, and repair, as well as recent advancements in the field of hard tissue regeneration. These intriguing findings help establish a framework that will eventually enable basic research findings to be utilized towards oral health-improving medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsen Alnasser
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amna Yusuf Siddiqui
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Shujaa Alothmani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namdeo Prabhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Azimi-Boulali J, Mahler GJ, Murray BT, Huang P. Multiscale computational modeling of aortic valve calcification. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:581-599. [PMID: 38093148 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common cardiovascular disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by the formation of calcium nodules on the aortic valve leaflets, which can lead to stenosis and heart failure if left untreated. The pathogenesis of CAVD is still not well understood, but involves several signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGF β ) pathway. In this study, we developed a multiscale computational model for TGF β -stimulated CAVD. The model framework comprises cellular behavior dynamics, subcellular signaling pathways, and tissue-level diffusion fields of pertinent chemical species, where information is shared among different scales. Processes such as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), fibrosis, and calcification are incorporated. The results indicate that the majority of myofibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells ultimately die due to lack of nutrients as they become trapped in areas with higher levels of fibrosis or calcification, and they subsequently act as sources for calcium nodules, which contribute to a polydispersed nodule size distribution. Additionally, fibrosis and calcification processes occur more frequently in regions closer to the endothelial layer where the cell activity is higher. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of CAVD and TGF β signaling and could aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for CAVD and other related diseases such as cancer. More broadly, this type of modeling framework can pave the way for unraveling the complexity of biological systems by incorporating several signaling pathways in subcellular models to simulate tissue remodeling in diseases involving cellular mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Azimi-Boulali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Bruce T Murray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Peter Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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3
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Mendoza M, Chen MH, Huang P, Mahler GJ. Shear and endothelial induced late-stage calcific aortic valve disease-on-a-chip develops calcium phosphate mineralizations. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1374-1385. [PMID: 35234762 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an active pathobiological process leading to severe aortic stenosis, where the only treatment is valve replacement. Late-stage CAVD is characterized by calcification, disorganization of collagen, and deposition of glycosaminoglycans, such as chondroitin sulfate (CS), in the fibrosa. We developed a three-dimensional microfluidic device of the aortic valve fibrosa to study the effects of shear stress (1 or 20 dyne per cm2), CS (1 or 20 mg mL-1), and endothelial cell presence on calcification. CAVD chips consisted of a collagen I hydrogel, where porcine aortic valve interstitial cells were embedded within and porcine aortic valve endothelial cells were seeded on top of the matrix for up to 21 days. Here, we show that this CAVD-on-a-chip is the first to develop human-like calcified nodules varying in calcium phosphate mineralization maturity resulting from high shear and endothelial cells, specifically di- and octa-calcium phosphates. Long-term co-culture microfluidic studies confirmed cell viability and calcium phosphate formations throughout 21 days. Given that CAVD has no targeted therapies, the creation of a physiologically relevant test-bed of the aortic valve could lead to advances in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mendoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, P.O Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Mei-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Peter Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, P.O Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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4
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de Sousa Iwamoto LA, Duailibi MT, Iwamoto GY, de Oliveira DC, Duailibi SE. Evaluation of ethylene oxide, gamma radiation, dry heat and autoclave sterilization processes on extracellular matrix of biomaterial dental scaffolds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4299. [PMID: 35277556 PMCID: PMC8916068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds used to receive stem cells are a promising perspective of tissue regeneration research, and one of the most effective solutions to rebuild organs. In the near future will be possible to reconstruct a natural tooth using stems cells, but to avoid an immune-defensive response, sterilize the scaffold is not only desired, but also essential to be successful. A study confirmed stem cells extracted from rat's natural teeth, and implanted into the alveolar bone, could differentiate themselves in dental cells, but the scaffold's chemistry, geometry, density, morphology, adherence, biocompatibility and mechanical properties remained an issue. This study intended to produce a completely sterilized dental scaffold with preserved extracellular matrix. Fifty-one samples were collected, kept in formaldehyde, submitted to partial demineralization and decellularization processes and sterilized using four different methods: dry heating; autoclave; ethylene-oxide and gamma-radiation. They were characterized through optical images, micro-hardness, XRD, EDS, XRF, SEM, histology and sterility test. The results evidenced the four sterilization methods were fully effective with preservation of ECM molecular arrangements, variation on chemical composition (proportion of Ca/P) was compatible with Ca/P proportional variation between enamel and dentine regions. Gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide presents excellent results, but their viability are compromised by the costs and technology's accessibility (requires very expensive equipment and/or consumables). Excepted gamma irradiation, all the sterilization methods more than sterilizing also reduced the remaining pulp. Autoclave presents easy equipment accessibility, lower cost consumables, higher reduction of remaining pulp and complete sterilization, reason why was considered the most promising technique.
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5
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Marei I, Abu Samaan T, Al-Quradaghi MA, Farah AA, Mahmud SH, Ding H, Triggle CR. 3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847554. [PMID: 35310996 PMCID: PMC8931492 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the adverse effects of drugs to the cardiovascular system have been increasing and resulting in failure at the preclinical level as well as withdrawal of drugs post-marketing. Besides factors such as the increased cost of clinical trials and increases in the requirements and the complexity of the regulatory processes, there is also a gap between the currently existing pre-clinical screening methods and the clinical studies in humans. This gap is mainly caused by the lack of complexity in the currently used 2D cell culture-based screening systems, which do not accurately reflect human physiological conditions. Cell-based drug screening is widely accepted and extensively used and can provide an initial indication of the drugs' therapeutic efficacy and potential cytotoxicity. However, in vitro cell-based evaluation could in many instances provide contradictory findings to the in vivo testing in animal models and clinical trials. This drawback is related to the failure of these 2D cell culture systems to recapitulate the human physiological microenvironment in which the cells reside. In the body, cells reside within a complex physiological setting, where they interact with and respond to neighboring cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stress, blood shear stress, and many other factors. These factors in sum affect the cellular response and the specific pathways that regulate variable vital functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although pre-clinical in vivo animal models provide this level of complexity, cross species differences can also cause contradictory results from that seen when the drug enters clinical trials. Thus, there is a need to better mimic human physiological conditions in pre-clinical studies to improve the efficiency of drug screening. A novel approach is to develop 3D tissue engineered miniaturized constructs in vitro that are based on human cells. In this review, we discuss the factors that should be considered to produce a successful vascular construct that is derived from human cells and is both reliable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei
| | - Tala Abu Samaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asmaa A. Farah
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Chris R. Triggle
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6
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Li Z, Liu L, Wang L, Song D. The effects and potential applications of concentrated growth factor in dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:357. [PMID: 34147130 PMCID: PMC8214771 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentin-pulp complex is essential for the long-term integrity and viability of teeth but it is susceptible to damage caused by external factors. Because traditional approaches for preserving the dentin-pulp complex have various limitations, there is a need for novel methods for dentin-pulp complex reconstruction. The development of stem cell-based tissue engineering has given rise to the possibility of combining dental stem cells with a tissue-reparative microenvironment to promote dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Concentrated growth factor, a platelet concentrate, is a promising scaffold for the treatment of dentin-pulp complex disorders. Given its characteristics of autogenesis, convenience, usability, and biodegradability, concentrated growth factor has gained popularity in medical and dental fields for repairing bone defects and promoting soft-tissue healing. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that concentrated growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of dental stem cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the effects of concentrated growth factor on stem cells and its potential applications in dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Büttner P, Feistner L, Lurz P, Thiele H, Hutcheson JD, Schlotter F. Dissecting Calcific Aortic Valve Disease-The Role, Etiology, and Drivers of Valvular Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:660797. [PMID: 34041283 PMCID: PMC8143377 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.660797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a highly prevalent and progressive disorder that ultimately causes gradual narrowing of the left ventricular outflow orifice with ensuing devastating hemodynamic effects on the heart. Calcific mineral accumulation is the hallmark pathology defining this process; however, fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that leads to extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue and distortion of the valvular microarchitecture similarly has major biomechanical and functional consequences for heart valve function. Significant advances have been made to unravel the complex mechanisms that govern these active, cell-mediated processes, yet the interplay between fibrosis and calcification and the individual contribution to progressive extracellular matrix stiffening require further clarification. Specifically, we discuss (1) the valvular biomechanics and layered ECM composition, (2) patterns in the cellular contribution, temporal onset, and risk factors for valvular fibrosis, (3) imaging valvular fibrosis, (4) biomechanical implications of valvular fibrosis, and (5) molecular mechanisms promoting fibrotic tissue remodeling and the possibility of reverse remodeling. This review explores our current understanding of the cellular and molecular drivers of fibrogenesis and the pathophysiological role of fibrosis in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Feistner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua D. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Schroeder ME, Gonzalez Rodriguez A, Speckl KF, Walker CJ, Midekssa FS, Grim JC, Weiss RM, Anseth KS. Collagen networks within 3D PEG hydrogels support valvular interstitial cell matrix mineralization. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:197-210. [PMID: 33181362 PMCID: PMC7738375 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically degradable hydrogels were designed for the 3D culture of valvular interstitial cells (VICs), and through the incorporation of various functionalities, we aimed to investigate the role of the tissue microenvironment in promoting the osteogenic properties of VICs and matrix mineralization. Specifically, porcine VICs were encapsulated in a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel crosslinked with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable crosslinker (KCGPQG↓IWGQCK) and formed via a thiol-ene photoclick reaction in the presence or absence of collagen type I to promote matrix mineralization. VIC-laden hydrogels were treated with osteogenic medium for up to 15 days, and the osteogenic response was characterized by the expression of RUNX2 as an early marker of an osteoblast-like phenotype, osteocalcin (OCN) as a marker of a mature osteoblast-like phenotype, and vimentin (VIM) as a marker of the fibroblast phenotype. In addition, matrix mineralization was characterized histologically with Von Kossa stain for calcium phosphate. Osteogenic response was further characterized biochemically with calcium assays, and physically via optical density measurements. When the osteogenic medium was supplemented with calcium chloride, OCN expression was upregulated and mineralization was discernable at 12 days of culture. Finally, this platform was used to screen various drug therapeutics that were assessed for their efficacy in preventing mineralization using optical density as a higher throughput readout. Collectively, these results suggest that matrix composition has a key role in supporting mineralization deposition within diseased valve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Schroeder
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Andrea Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Kelly F Speckl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Cierra J Walker
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Firaol S Midekssa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Joseph C Grim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA; The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder CO 80303, USA.
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9
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Tissue Engineering Approaches for Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Regeneration: An Update. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5734539. [PMID: 32184832 PMCID: PMC7060883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5734539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells are undifferentiated cells characterized by their exclusive ability for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. In recent years, researchers and investigations explored the prospect of employing stem/progenitor cell therapy in regenerative medicine, especially stem/progenitor cells originating from the oral tissues. In this context, the regeneration of the lost dental tissues including enamel, dentin, and the dental pulp are pivotal targets for stem/progenitor cell therapy. The present review elaborates on the different sources of stem/progenitor cells and their potential clinical applications to regenerate enamel, dentin, and the dental pulpal tissues.
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10
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Straka F, Schornik D, Masin J, Filova E, Mirejovsky T, Burdikova Z, Svindrych Z, Chlup H, Horny L, Daniel M, Machac J, Skibová J, Pirk J, Bacakova L. A human pericardium biopolymeric scaffold for autologous heart valve tissue engineering: cellular and extracellular matrix structure and biomechanical properties in comparison with a normal aortic heart valve. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:599-634. [PMID: 29338582 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1429732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to compare the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and the biomechanical properties of human pericardium (HP) with the normal human aortic heart valve (NAV). HP tissues (from 12 patients) and NAV samples (from 5 patients) were harvested during heart surgery. The main cells in HP were pericardial interstitial cells, which are fibroblast-like cells of mesenchymal origin similar to the valvular interstitial cells in NAV tissue. The ECM of HP had a statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher collagen I content, a lower collagen III and elastin content, and a similar glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content, in comparison with the NAV, as measured by ECM integrated density. However, the relative thickness of the main load-bearing structures of the two tissues, the dense part of fibrous HP (49 ± 2%) and the lamina fibrosa of NAV (47 ± 4%), was similar. In both tissues, the secant elastic modulus (Es) was significantly lower in the transversal direction (p < 0.05) than in the longitudinal direction. This proved that both tissues were anisotropic. No statistically significant differences in UTS (ultimate tensile strength) values and in calculated bending stiffness values in the longitudinal or transversal direction were found between HP and NAV. Our study confirms that HP has an advantageous ECM biopolymeric structure and has the biomechanical properties required for a tissue from which an autologous heart valve replacement may be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Straka
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic.,b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - David Schornik
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Masin
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Elena Filova
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mirejovsky
- c Clinical and Transplant Pathology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Burdikova
- d Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Zdenek Svindrych
- e Department of Biology, W. M, Keck Center for Cellular Imaging , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Hynek Chlup
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Horny
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Matej Daniel
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Machac
- g Institute of Botany CAS, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Pruhonice , Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Skibová
- h Department of Medical Statistics , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pirk
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
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Park J, Kim J, Sullivan KM, Baik S, Ko E, Kim MJ, Kim YJ, Kong H. Decellularized Matrix Produced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Growth and Metabolic Activity of Hepatic Cell Cluster. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:456-462. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seungyun Baik
- Environmental
Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST Europe),
Campus E 7.1, Universitaet des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken 66123, Germany
| | | | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental
Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST Europe),
Campus E 7.1, Universitaet des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken 66123, Germany
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12
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Hashemi-Beni B, Khoroushi M, Foroughi MR, Karbasi S, Khademi AA. Tissue engineering: Dentin - pulp complex regeneration approaches (A review). Tissue Cell 2017; 49:552-564. [PMID: 28764928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a highly specialized tissue that preserves teeth. It is important to maintain the capabilities of dental pulp before a pulpectomy by creating a local restoration of the dentin-pulp complex from residual dental pulp. The articles identified were selected by two reviewers based on entry and exit criteria. All relevant articles indexed in PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, and Scopus with no limitations from 1961 to 2016 were searched. Factors investigated in the selected articles included the following key words: Dentin-Pulp Complex, Regeneration, Tissue Engineering, Scaffold, Stem Cell, and Growth Factors. Of the 233 abstracts retrieved, the papers which were selected had evaluated the clinical aspects of the application of dentin-pulp regeneration. Generally, this study has introduced a new approach to provoke the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex after a pulpectomy, so that exogenous growth factors and the scaffold are able to induce cells and blood vessels from the residual dental pulp in the tooth root canal. This study further presents a new strategy for local regeneration therapy of the dentin-pulp complex. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the potential beneficial effects derived from the interaction of dental materials with the dentin-pulp complex as well as potential future developments in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Hashemi-Beni
- Torabinejad Dentistry Research Center and Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoroushi
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Operative and Art, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Foroughi
- Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Khademi
- Torabinejad Dentistry Research Center and Department of Endodonics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang X, Xu B, Puperi DS, Wu Y, West JL, Grande-Allen KJ. Application of hydrogels in heart valve tissue engineering. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2016; 25:105-34. [PMID: 25955010 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2015011817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing number of patients requiring valve replacements, there is heightened interest in advancing heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) to provide solutions to the many limitations of current surgical treatments. A variety of materials have been developed as scaffolds for HVTE including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and decellularized valvular matrices. Among them, biocompatible hydrogels are generating growing interest. Natural hydrogels, such as collagen and fibrin, generally show good bioactivity but poor mechanical durability. Synthetic hydrogels, on the other hand, have tunable mechanical properties; however, appropriate cell-matrix interactions are difficult to obtain. Moreover, hydrogels can be used as cell carriers when the cellular component is seeded into the polymer meshes or decellularized valve scaffolds. In this review, we discuss current research strategies for HVTE with an emphasis on hydrogel applications. The physicochemical properties and fabrication methods of these hydrogels, as well as their mechanical properties and bioactivities are described. Performance of some hydrogels including in vitro evaluation using bioreactors and in vivo tests in different animal models are also discussed. For future HVTE, it will be compelling to examine how hydrogels can be constructed from composite materials to replicate mechanical properties and mimic biological functions of the native heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel S Puperi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Usprech J, Chen WLK, Simmons CA. Heart valve regeneration: the need for systems approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:169-82. [PMID: 26862013 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered heart valves are promising alternatives to address the limitations of current valve replacements, particularly for growing children. Current heart valve tissue engineering strategies involve the selection of biomaterial scaffolds, cell types, and often in vitro culture conditions aimed at regenerating a valve for implantation and subsequent maturation in vivo. However, identifying optimal combinations of cell sources, biomaterials, and/or bioreactor conditions to produce functional, durable valve tissue remains a challenge. Despite some short-term success in animal models, attempts to recapitulate aspects of the native heart valve environment based on 'best guesses' of a limited number of regulatory factors have not proven effective. Better outcomes for valve tissue regeneration will likely require a systems-level understanding of the relationships between multiple interacting regulatory factors and their effects on cell function and tissue formation. Until recently, conventional culture methods have not allowed for multiple design parameters to be considered at once. Emerging microtechnologies are well suited to systematically probe multiple inputs, in combination, in high throughput and with great precision. When combined with statistical and network systems analyses, these microtechnologies have excellent potential to define multivariate signal-response relationships and reveal key regulatory pathways for robust functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Usprech
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wen Li Kelly Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Anssari-Benam A, Barber AH, Bucchi A. Evaluation of bioprosthetic heart valve failure using a matrix-fibril shear stress transfer approach. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:42. [PMID: 26715134 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A matrix-fibril shear stress transfer approach is devised and developed in this paper to analyse the primary biomechanical factors which initiate the structural degeneration of the bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs). Using this approach, the critical length of the collagen fibrils l c and the interface shear acting on the fibrils in both BHV and natural aortic valve (AV) tissues under physiological loading conditions are calculated and presented. It is shown that the required critical fibril length to provide effective reinforcement to the natural AV and the BHV tissue is l c = 25.36 µm and l c = 66.81 µm, respectively. Furthermore, the magnitude of the required shear force acting on fibril interface to break a cross-linked fibril in the BHV tissue is shown to be 38 µN, while the required interfacial force to break the bonds between the fibril and the surrounding extracellular matrix is 31 µN. Direct correlations are underpinned between these values and the ultimate failure strength and the failure mode of the BHV tissue compared with the natural AV, and are verified against the existing experimental data. The analyses presented in this paper explain the role of fibril interface shear and critical length in regulating the biomechanics of the structural failure of the BHVs, for the first time. This insight facilitates further understanding into the underlying causes of the structural degeneration of the BHVs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Anssari-Benam
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK.
| | - Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Andrea Bucchi
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
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16
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Manipulation of valve composition to elucidate the role of collagen in aortic valve calcification. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:29. [PMID: 24581344 PMCID: PMC3946110 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) disarray is found in calcific aortic valvular disease (CAVD), yet much remains to be learned about the role of individual ECM components in valvular interstitial cell (VIC) function and dysfunction. Previous clinical analyses have shown that calcification is associated with decreased collagen content, while previous in vitro work has suggested that the presence of collagen attenuates the responsiveness of VICs to pro-calcific stimuli. The current study uses whole leaflet cultures to examine the contributions of endogenous collagen in regulating the phenotype and calcification of VICs. Methods A “top-down” approach was used to characterize changes in VIC phenotype in response to collagen alterations in the native 3D environment. Collagen-deficient leaflets were created via enzymatic treatment and cultured statically for six days in vitro. After culture, leaflets were harvested for analysis of DNA, proliferation, apoptosis, ECM composition, calcification, and gene/protein expression. Results In general, disruption of collagen was associated with increased expression of disease markers by VICs in whole organ leaflet culture. Compared to intact control leaflets, collagen-deficient leaflets demonstrated increased VIC proliferation and apoptosis, increased expression of disease-related markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin, and an increase in calcification as evidenced by positive von Kossa staining. Conclusions These results indicate that disruption of the endogenous collagen structure in aortic valves is sufficient to stimulate pathological consequences in valve leaflet cultures, thereby highlighting the importance of collagen and the valve extracellular matrix in general in maintaining homeostasis of the valve phenotype.
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18
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Nikolaeva TI, Kuznetsova SM, Rogachevsky VV. Collagen fibril formation in vitro at nearly physiological temperatures. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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19
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Comparison and critical analysis of invariant-based models with respect to their ability in fitting human aortic valve data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12356-012-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Higuchi A, Ling QD, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Biomimetic cell culture proteins as extracellular matrices for stem cell differentiation. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4507-40. [PMID: 22621236 DOI: 10.1021/cr3000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan.
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21
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Riem Vis PW, Sluijter JPG, Soekhradj-Soechit RS, van Herwerden LA, Kluin J, Bouten CVC. Sequential use of human-derived medium supplements favours cardiovascular tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:730-9. [PMID: 21645237 PMCID: PMC3822844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For clinical application of tissue engineering strategies, the use of animal-derived serum in culture medium is not recommended, because it can evoke immune responses in patients. We previously observed that human platelet-lysate (PL) is favourable for cell expansion, but generates weaker tissue as compared to culture in foetal bovine serum (FBS). We investigated if human serum (HS) is a better human supplement to increase tissue strength. Cells were isolated from venous grafts of 10 patients and expanded in media supplemented with PL or HS, to determine proliferation rates and expression of genes related to collagen production and maturation. Zymography was used to assess protease expression. Collagen contraction assays were used as a two-dimensional (2D) model for matrix contraction. As a prove of principle, 3D tissue culture and tensile testing was performed for two patients, to determine tissue strength. Cell proliferation was lower in HS-supplemented medium than in PL medium. The HS cells produced less active matrix metallo-proteinase 2 (MMP2) and showed increased matrix contraction as indicated by gel contraction assays and 3D-tissue culture. Tensile testing showed increased strength for tissues cultured in HS when compared to PL. This effect was more pronounced if cells were sequentially cultured in PL, followed by tissue culture in HS. These data suggest that sequential use of PL and HS as substitutes for FBS in culture medium for cardiovascular tissue engineering results in improved cell proliferation and tissue mechanical properties, as compared to use of PL or HS apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Riem Vis
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Lu H, Hoshiba T, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Autologous extracellular matrix scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2489-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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van Geemen D, Riem Vis PW, Soekhradj-Soechit S, Sluijter JPG, de Liefde-van Beest M, Kluin J, Bouten CVC. Decreased mechanical properties of heart valve tissue constructs cultured in platelet lysate as compared to fetal bovine serum. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:607-17. [PMID: 21284560 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In autologous heart valve tissue engineering, there is an ongoing search for alternatives of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Human platelet-lysate (PL) might be a promising substitute. In the present article, we aimed to examine the tissue formation, functionality, and mechanical properties of engineered three-dimensional tissue constructs cultured in PL as a substitute for FBS. Our results show that tissue constructs that were cultured in PL and FBS produce similar amounts of collagen, glycosoaminoglycans, and collagen crosslinks, and that the cellular phenotype remains unchanged. Nevertheless, mechanical testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength in PL constructs was on average approximately three times lower as compared to FBS (0.25 vs. 0.74 MPa, respectively, p<0.01), and also the elastic modulus was almost three times lower (1.33 MPa of PL constructs vs. 3.94 MPa of FBS constructs, p<0.01). Additional tests indicated that this difference might be explained by different collagen fiber architecture possibly due to increased production of matrix-degrading proteases by cells cultured in PL. In summary, our results indicate that PL is not preferred for the culture of strong heart valve tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne van Geemen
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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24
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Villaverde A. Nanotechnology, bionanotechnology and microbial cell factories. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:53. [PMID: 20602780 PMCID: PMC2916890 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is increasingly using both materials and nano-objects synthesized by living beings, most of them produced by microbial cells. Emerging technologies and highly integrative approaches (such as 'omics and systems biology), that have been largely proven successful for the production of proteins and secondary metabolites are now expected to become fully adapted for the improved biological production of nanostructured materials with tailored properties. The so far underestimated potential of microbial cell factories in nanotechnology and nanomedicine is expected to emerge, in the next years, in the context of novel needs envisaged in the nanoscience universe. This should prompt a careful revisiting of the microbial cell factories as the most versatile biological platforms to supply functional materials for nanotechnological applications.
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Riem Vis PW, Bouten CVC, Sluijter JPG, Pasterkamp G, van Herwerden LA, Kluin J. Platelet-lysate as an autologous alternative for fetal bovine serum in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1317-27. [PMID: 19908968 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing search for alternative tissue culture sera to engineer autologous tissues, since use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) is limited under Good Tissue Practice guidelines. We compared FBS with human platelet-lysate (PL) in media for in vitro cell culture. A threefold increase in duplication rate was found when human, saphenous vein-derived myofibroblasts were cultured in PL, whereas expression of marker proteins (alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, desmin, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain) was similar. Heat shock protein 47 mRNA expression was increased in PL cells, and type III collagen fibers were seen on PL-cell monolayers but not on cells cultured in FBS. These results imply a more efficient collagen fiber production. We also found higher levels of proteins involved in tissue repair and collagen remodeling, which could explain increased production of proteases and protease inhibitors by PL cells. Our findings indicate that PL is beneficial due to the increased duplication rate, in addition to the increased matrix production and remodeling. This could lead to production of strong tissue with properly organized collagen fibers, which is important for heart valve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Riem Vis
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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26
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Wenk E, Murphy AR, Kaplan DL, Meinel L, Merkle HP, Uebersax L. The use of sulfonated silk fibroin derivatives to control binding, delivery and potency of FGF-2 in tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2010; 31:1403-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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On the multiscale modeling of heart valve biomechanics in health and disease. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2010; 9:373-87. [PMID: 20066464 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-009-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models of the human heart valves are useful tools for understanding and characterizing the dynamics of healthy and diseased valves. Enabled by advances in numerical modeling and in a range of disciplines within experimental biomechanics, recent models of the heart valves have become increasingly comprehensive and accurate. In this paper, we first review the fundamentals of native heart valve physiology, composition and mechanics in health and disease. We will then furnish an overview of the development of theoretical and experimental methods in modeling heart valve biomechanics over the past three decades. Next, we will emphasize the necessity of using multiscale modeling approaches in order to provide a comprehensive description of heart valve biomechanics able to capture general heart valve behavior. Finally, we will offer an outlook for the future of valve multiscale modeling, the potential directions for further developments and the challenges involved.
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28
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Kothapalli CR, Taylor PM, Smolenski RT, Yacoub MH, Ramamurthi A. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and hyaluronan oligomers synergistically enhance elastin matrix regeneration by vascular smooth muscle cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:501-11. [PMID: 18847364 PMCID: PMC2810272 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin is a vital structural and regulatory matrix protein that plays an important role in conferring elasticity to blood vessel wall. Previous tissue engineering approaches to regenerate elastin in situ or within tissue engineering constructs are curtailed by innate poor elastin synthesis potential by adult vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Currently, we seek to develop cellular cues to enhance tropoelastin synthesis and improve elastin matrix yield, stability, and ultrastructure. Our earlier studies attest to the elastogenic utility of hyaluronan (HA)-based cellular cues, though their effects are fragment size dependent and dose dependent, with HA oligomers deemed most elastogenic. We presently show transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and HA oligomers, when provided concurrently, to synergistically and dramatically improve elastin matrix regeneration by adult vascular SMCs. Together, these cues suppress SMC proliferation, enhance synthesis of tropoelastin (8-fold) and matrix elastin protein (5.5-fold), and also improve matrix elastin yield (45% of total elastin vs. 10% for nonadditive controls), possibly by more efficient recruitment of tropoelastin for crosslinking. The density of desmosine crosslinks within the elastin matrix was itself attenuated, although the cues together modestly increased production and activity of the elastin crosslinking enzyme, lysyl oxidase. TGF-beta1 and HA oligomers together induced much greater assembly of mature elastin fibers than they did separately, and did not induce matrix calcification. The present outcomes might be great utility to therapeutic regeneration of elastin matrix networks in situ within elastin-compromised vessels, and within tissue-engineered vascular graft replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia M. Taylor
- Heart Science Center, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Heart Science Center, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- Heart Science Center, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Clemson University-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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29
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Kidane AG, Burriesci G, Cornejo P, Dooley A, Sarkar S, Bonhoeffer P, Edirisinghe M, Seifalian AM. Current developments and future prospects for heart valve replacement therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 88:290-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Kothapalli CR, Ramamurthi A. Benefits of concurrent delivery of hyaluronan and IGF-1 cues to regeneration of crosslinked elastin matrices by adult rat vascular cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 2:106-16. [PMID: 18338830 DOI: 10.1002/term.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Elastin, a major component of vascular matrices, critically determines vascular mechanics and maintains the quiescence of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Attempts to regenerate elastin in elastin-compromised blood vessels using tissue-engineering approaches is limited by the unavailability of elastogenic cues to upregulate poor elastin output and matrix assembly by adult vascular cells. We previously showed that hyaluronan (HA) elastogenically stimulates aortic SMCs, although these effects are highly specific to HA fragment size. The elastogenic response of SMCs can also be modulated with growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Here, we evaluate the benefits of concurrent delivery of HA fragments (0.76-2000 kDa) and IGF-1 (500 ng/ml) to elastin synthesis, organization and crosslinking. The study outcomes show that, relative to supplement-free cultures, IGF-1 and long-chain HA/large HA fragments, but not HA oligomers, together induce multifold increases in the synthesis of elastin precursors, structural elastin matrix yields and crosslink densities within cell layers, and encourage elastic fibre formation. These outcomes are not all obtained when either of the cues is provided separately. IGF-1 and large HA fragments (>20 kDa) also together inhibit cell proliferation, a concern in elastin-compromised vessels, where SMC hyperproliferation is common. The results will benefit efforts to provide exogenous or scaffold-based elastogenic cues (IGF-1 + HMW HA/large HA fragments) to enable robust and faithful regeneration of elastin matrix structures in vivo or in vitro. The present outcomes may be used to restore elastin matrix homeostasis in de-elasticized vessels and tissue-engineered constructs that may be grafted as a substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Clemson University, Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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31
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Yu J, Shi J, Jin Y. Current Approaches and Challenges in Making a Bio-Tooth. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:307-19. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Shi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Histology & Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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32
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Williams DF. On the mechanisms of biocompatibility. Biomaterials 2008; 29:2941-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1750] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Griffiths LG, Choe LH, Reardon KF, Dow SW, Christopher Orton E. Immunoproteomic identification of bovine pericardium xenoantigens. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3514-20. [PMID: 18514307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium is an important biomaterial with current application in glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic heart valves and possible future application as an unfixed biological scaffold for tissue engineering. The importance of both humoral and cell-mediated rejection responses toward fixed and unfixed xenogeneic tissues has become increasingly apparent. However, the full scope and specific identities of bovine pericardium proteins that can elicit an immune response remain largely unknown. In this study, an immunoproteomic approach was used to survey bovine pericardium proteins for their ability to elicit a humoral immune response in rabbits. A two-stage protein extraction protocol was used to separate bovine pericardium proteins into water- and lipid-soluble fractions. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis was performed to separate the proteins from each fraction. Western blots were generated from 2-D gels of both bovine pericardium protein fractions. These blots were probed with serum from rabbits immunized with bovine pericardium and a secondary antibody was used to assess for IgG positivity. Western blots were compared to duplicate 2-D gels and proteins in matched spots were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Thirty-one putative protein antigens were identified, eight of which are known to be antigenic from previous studies. All of the putative antigens demonstrated progressive staining intensity with increasing days of post-exposure serum. Identified antigenic proteins represented a variety of functional and structural protein types, and included both cellular and matrix proteins. The results of this study have implications for the use of bovine pericardium as a biomaterial in bioprostheses and tissue engineering applications, as well as xenotransplantation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdi Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6 JH, UK.
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