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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Straudi S, Granieri E, Koch G, Fadiga L. The cerebellum and the Mirror Neuron System: A matter of inhibition? From neurophysiological evidence to neuromodulatory implications. A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105830. [PMID: 39069236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mirror neurons show activity during both the execution (AE) and observation of actions (AO). The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) could be involved during motor imagery (MI) as well. Extensive research suggests that the cerebellum is interconnected with the MNS and may be critically involved in its activities. We gathered evidence on the cerebellum's role in MNS functions, both theoretically and experimentally. Evidence shows that the cerebellum plays a major role during AO and MI and that its lesions impair MNS functions likely because, by modulating the activity of cortical inhibitory interneurons with mirror properties, the cerebellum may contribute to visuomotor matching, which is fundamental for shaping mirror properties. Indeed, the cerebellum may strengthen sensory-motor patterns that minimise the discrepancy between predicted and actual outcome, both during AE and AO. Furthermore, through its connections with the hippocampus, the cerebellum might be involved in internal simulations of motor programs during MI. Finally, as cerebellar neuromodulation might improve its impact on MNS activity, we explored its potential neurophysiological and neurorehabilitation implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy; Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara 44121 , Italy; Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara 44121 , Italy
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2
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Jeong J, Nam SM, Seo H. Impact of sensory modality and tempo in motor timing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1419135. [PMID: 39184937 PMCID: PMC11341454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1419135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate motor timing requires the coordinated control of actions in response to external stimuli. Over the past few years, several studies have investigated the effect of sensory input on motor timing; however, the evidence remains conflicting. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sensory modality and tempo on the accuracy of timed movements and explore strategies for enhancing motor timing. Methods Participants (n = 30) performed synchronization and adaptation circle drawing tasks in virtual reality. In Experiment 1, participants synchronized circle drawing with repeated stimuli based on sensory modalities (auditory, visual, tactile, audio-visual, audio-tactile, and visual-tactile) and tempos (20, 30, and 60 bpm). In Experiment 2, we examined timing adaptation in circle drawing tasks under conditions of unexpected tempo changes, whether increased or decreased. Results A significant interaction effect between modality and tempo was observed in the comparison of timing accuracy. Tactile stimuli exhibited significantly higher timing accuracy at 60 bpm, whereas auditory stimuli demonstrated a peak accuracy at 30 bpm. The analysis revealed a significantly larger timing error when adapting to changes in the tempo-down condition compared with the tempo-up condition. Discussion Through Experiment 1, we found that sensory modality impacts motor timing differently depending on the tempo, with tactile modality being effective at a faster tempo and auditory modality being beneficial at a moderate tempo. Additionally, Experiment 2 revealed that adapting to changes by correcting timing errors is more challenging with decreasing tempo than with increasing tempo. Our findings suggest that motor timing is intricately influenced by sensory modality and tempo variation. Therefore, to enhance the motor timing, a comprehensive understanding of these factors and their applications is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeuk Jeong
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Mi Nam
- Division of Sports Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Seo
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kondo HM, Gheorghiu E, Pinheiro AP. Malleability and fluidity of time perception. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12244. [PMID: 38811624 PMCID: PMC11137112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito M Kondo
- School of Psychology, Chukyo University, 101-2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8666, Japan.
| | - Elena Gheorghiu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Ana P Pinheiro
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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Xu S, Ren W. Distinct processing of the state prediction error signals in frontal and parietal correlates in learning the environment model. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad449. [PMID: 38037370 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed reinforcement learning constructs a model of how the states in the environment are connected and prospectively evaluates action values by simulating experience. State prediction error (SPE) is theorized as a crucial signal for learning the environment model. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using electroencephalogram, we verified in a two-stage Markov task two neural correlates of SPEs: an early negative correlate transferring from frontal to central electrodes and a late positive correlate over parietal regions. Furthermore, by investigating the effects of explicit knowledge about the environment model and rewards in the environment, we found that, for the parietal correlate, rewards enhanced the representation efficiency (beta values of regression coefficient) of SPEs, whereas explicit knowledge elicited a larger SPE representation (event-related potential activity) for rare transitions. However, for the frontal and central correlates, rewards increased activities in a content-independent way and explicit knowledge enhanced activities only for common transitions. Our results suggest that the parietal correlate of SPEs is responsible for the explicit learning of state transition structure, whereas the frontal and central correlates may be involved in cognitive control. Our study provides novel evidence for distinct roles of the frontal and the parietal cortices in processing SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Ordás CM, Alonso-Frech F. The neural basis of somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold as a paradigm for time processing in the sub-second range: An updated review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105486. [PMID: 38040074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The temporal aspect of somesthesia is a feature of any somatosensory process and a pre-requisite for the elaboration of proper behavior. Time processing in the milliseconds range is crucial for most of behaviors in everyday life. The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is the ability to perceive two successive stimuli as separate in time, and deals with time processing in this temporal range. Herein, we focus on the physiology of STDT, on a background of the anatomophysiology of somesthesia and the neurobiological substrates of timing. METHODS A review of the literature through PubMed & Cochrane databases until March 2023 was performed with inclusion and exclusion criteria following PRISMA recommendations. RESULTS 1151 abstracts were identified. 4 duplicate records were discarded before screening. 957 abstracts were excluded because of redundancy, less relevant content or not English-written. 4 were added after revision. Eventually, 194 articles were included. CONCLUSIONS STDT encoding relies on intracortical inhibitory S1 function and is modulated by the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical interplay through circuits involving the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and probably the superior colliculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ordás
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Alonso-Frech
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Shinn AK, Hurtado-Puerto AM, Roh YS, Ho V, Hwang M, Cohen BM, Öngür D, Camprodon JA. Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychotic disorders: intermittent, continuous, and sham theta-burst stimulation on time perception and symptom severity. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218321. [PMID: 38025437 PMCID: PMC10679721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum contributes to the precise timing of non-motor and motor functions, and cerebellum abnormalities have been implicated in psychosis pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the effects of cerebellar theta burst stimulation (TBS), an efficient transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, on temporal discrimination and self-reported mood and psychotic symptoms. Methods We conducted a case-crossover study in which patients with psychosis (schizophrenias, schizoaffective disorders, or bipolar disorders with psychotic features) were assigned to three sessions of TBS to the cerebellar vermis: one session each of intermittent (iTBS), continuous (cTBS), and sham TBS. Of 28 enrolled patients, 26 underwent at least one TBS session, and 20 completed all three. Before and immediately following TBS, participants rated their mood and psychotic symptoms and performed a time interval discrimination task (IDT). We hypothesized that cerebellar iTBS and cTBS would modulate these measures in opposing directions, with iTBS being adaptive and cTBS maladaptive. Results Reaction time (RT) in the IDT decreased significantly after iTBS vs. Sham (LS-mean difference = -73.3, p = 0.0001, Cohen's d = 1.62), after iTBS vs. cTBS (LS-mean difference = -137.6, p < 0.0001, d = 2.03), and after Sham vs. cTBS (LS-mean difference = -64.4, p < 0.0001, d = 1.33). We found no effect on IDT accuracy. We did not observe any effects on symptom severity after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusion We observed a frequency-dependent dissociation between the effects of iTBS vs. cTBS to the cerebellar midline on the reaction time of interval discrimination in patients with psychosis. iTBS showed improved (adaptive) while cTBS led to worsening (maladaptive) speed of response. These results demonstrate behavioral target engagement in a cognitive dimension of relevance to patients with psychosis and generate testable hypotheses about the potential therapeutic role of cerebellar iTBS in this clinical population. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02642029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K. Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aura M. Hurtado-Puerto
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Youkyung S. Roh
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Victoria Ho
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Hwang
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joan A. Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Pollok B, Depperschmidt C, Koester M, Schmidt-Wilcke T, Krause V. Cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of the left ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) interferes with conscious error correction. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114661. [PMID: 37696453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise motor timing requires the ability to flexibly adapt one's own movements with respect to changes in the environment. Previous studies suggest that the correction of perceived as compared to non-perceived timing errors involves at least partially distinct brain networks. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dPFC) has been linked to the correction of perceived timing errors and evidence for a contribution of the ventrolateral PFC (vPFC) specifically to the correction of non-perceived errors exists. The present study aimed at clarifying the functional contribution of the left vPFC for the correction of timing errors by adopting high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS). Twenty-one young healthy volunteers synchronized their right index finger taps with respect to an isochronous auditory pacing signal. Perceivable and non-perceivable step-changes of the metronome were interspersed, and error correction was analyzed by means of the phase-correction response (PCR). In subsequent sessions anodal and cathodal HD-tDCS was applied to the left vPFC to establish a brain-behavior relationship. Sham stimulation served as control condition. Synchronization accuracy as well as error correction were determined immediately prior to and after HD-tDCS. The analysis suggests a detrimental effect of cathodal HD-tDCS distinctively on error correction in trials with perceived timing errors. The data support the significance of the left vPFC for error correction in the temporal domain but contradicts the view of a role in the correction of non-perceived errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Pollok
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Carina Depperschmidt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koester
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Center of Neurology, District Hospital Mainkofen, 94469 Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krause
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Neuropsychology, Mauritius Hospital and Neurorehabilitation Center Meerbusch, 40670 Meerbusch, Germany
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8
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Cantarella G, Vianello G, Vezzadini G, Frassinetti F, Ciaramelli E, Candini M. Time bisection and reproduction: Evidence for a slowdown of the internal clock in right brain damaged patients. Cortex 2023; 167:303-317. [PMID: 37595392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies show that the right hemisphere is involved in time processing, and that damage to the right hemisphere is associated with a tendency to perceive time intervals as shorter than they are, and to reproduce time intervals as longer than they are. Whether time processing deficits following right hemisphere damage are related and what is their neurocognitive basis is unclear. In this study, right brain damaged (RBD) patients, left brain damaged (LBD) patients, and healthy controls underwent a time bisection task and a time reproduction task involving time intervals varying between each other by milliseconds (short durations) or seconds (long durations). The results show that in the time bisection task RBD patients underestimated time intervals compared to LBD patients and healthy controls, while they reproduced time intervals as longer than they are. Time underestimation and over-reproduction in RBD patients applied to short but not long time intervals, and were correlated. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) showed that time underestimation was associated with lesions to a right cortico-subcortical network involving the insula and inferior frontal gyrus. A small portion of this network was also associated with time over-reproduction. Our findings are consistent with a slowdown of an 'internal clock' timing mechanism following right brain damage, which likely underlies both the underestimation and the over-reproduction of time intervals, and their (overlapping) neural bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cantarella
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Studies and Research of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Greta Vianello
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Italy
| | - Elisa Ciaramelli
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Studies and Research of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Michela Candini
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Mannarelli D, Pauletti C, Petritis A, Maffucci A, Currà A, Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Fattapposta F. The role of cerebellum in timing processing: a contingent negative variation study. Neurosci Lett 2023:137301. [PMID: 37244448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Time management is an important aspect of human behaviour and cognition. Several brain regions are thought to be involved in motor timing and time estimation tasks. However, subcortical regions such as the basal nuclei and cerebellum seem to play a role in timing control. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the cerebellum in temporal processing. For this purpose, we transitorily inhibited cerebellar activity by means of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and studied the effects of this inhibition on contingent negative variation (CNV) parameters elicited during a S1-S2 motor task in healthy subjects. Sixteen healthy subjects underwent a S1-S2 motor task prior to and after cathodal and sham cerebellar tDCS in separate sessions. The CNV task consisted of a duration discrimination task in which subjects had to determine whether the duration of a probe interval trial was shorter (800 ms), longer (1600 ms), or equal to the target interval of 1200 ms. A reduction in total CNV amplitude emerged only after cathodal tDCS for short and target interval trials, while no differences were detected for the long interval trial. Errors were significantly higher after cathodal tDCS than at baseline evaluation of short and target intervals. No reaction time differences were found for any time interval after the cathodal and sham sessions. These results point to a role of the cerebellum in time perception. In particular, the cerebellum seems to regulate temporal interval discrimination for second and sub-second ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mannarelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Caterina Pauletti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Petritis
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maffucci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Currà
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, LT, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fattapposta
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Pacella V, Scandola M, Bà M, Smania N, Beccherle M, Rossato E, Volpe D, Moro V. Temporal judgments of actions following unilateral brain damage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21668. [PMID: 36522442 PMCID: PMC9755153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sense of time is a complex construct, and its neural correlates remain to date in most part unknown. To complicate the frame, physical attributes of the stimulus, such as its intensity or movement, influence temporal perception. Although previous studies have shown that time perception can be compromised after a brain lesion, the evidence on the role of the left and right hemispheres are meager. In two experiments, the study explores the ability of temporal estimation of multi-second actions and non-biological movements in 33 patients suffering from unilateral brain lesion. Furthermore, the modulatory role of induced embodiment processes is investigated. The results reveal a joint contribution of the two hemispheres depending not only on different durations but also on the presence of actions. Indeed, the left hemisphere damaged patients find it difficult to estimate 4500 ms or longer durations, while the right hemisphere damaged patients fail in 3000 ms durations. Furthermore, the former fail when a biological action is shown, while the latter fail in non-biological movement. Embodiment processes have a modulatory effect only after right hemisphere lesions. Among neuropsychological variables, only spatial neglect influences estimation of non-biological movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pacella
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XGroupe d’Imagerie NeurofonctionnelleInstitut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - M. Scandola
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - M. Bà
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - N. Smania
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M. Beccherle
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Rossato
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCSS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - D. Volpe
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Parkinson’s Disease Excellence Center, Fresco Institute Italy - NYU Langone, Casa di Cura Villa Margherita via Costacolonna n 1 Arcugnano, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
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11
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Kaur S, Espenhahn S, Bell T, Godfrey KJ, Nwaroh C, Giuffre A, Cole L, Beltrano W, Yan T, Stokoe M, Haynes L, Hou TY, Tommerdahl M, Bray S, Harris AD. Nonlinear age effects in tactile processing from early childhood to adulthood. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2644. [PMID: 35676225 PMCID: PMC9304836 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tactile processing plays a pivotal role in the early stages of human development; however, little is known about tactile function in young children. An understanding of how tactile processing changes with age from early childhood to adulthood is fundamental in understanding altered tactile experiences in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 142 children and adults aged 3-23 years completed a vibrotactile testing battery consisting of 5 tasks, which rely on different cortical and cognitive mechanisms. The battery was designed to be suitable for testing in young children to investigate how tactile processing changes from early childhood to adulthood. RESULTS Our results suggest a pattern of rapid, age-related changes in tactile processing toward lower discrimination thresholds (lower discrimination thresholds = greater sensitivity) across early childhood, though we acknowledge limitations with cross-sectional data. Differences in the rate of change across tasks were observed, with tactile performance reaching adult-like levels at a younger age on some tasks compared to others. CONCLUSIONS While it is known that early childhood is a period of profound development including tactile processing, our data provides evidence for subtle differences in the developmental rate of the various underlying cortical, physical, and cognitive processes. Further, we are the first to show the feasibility of vibrotactile testing in early childhood (<6 years). The results of this work provide estimates of age-related differences in performance, which could have important implications as a reference for investigating altered tactile processing in developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Kaur
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Svenja Espenhahn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Bell
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate J Godfrey
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chidera Nwaroh
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrianna Giuffre
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauran Cole
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Winnica Beltrano
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tingting Yan
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehak Stokoe
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Logan Haynes
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tasha Yuntao Hou
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Kasdan AV, Burgess AN, Pizzagalli F, Scartozzi A, Chern A, Kotz SA, Wilson SM, Gordon RL. Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104588. [PMID: 35259422 PMCID: PMC9195154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating processing of musical rhythms in neurotypical adults. First, we identified a general network for musical rhythm, encompassing all relevant sensory and motor processes (Beat-based, rest baseline, 12 contrasts) which revealed a large network involving auditory and motor regions. This network included the bilateral superior temporal cortices, supplementary motor area (SMA), putamen, and cerebellum. Second, we identified more precise loci for beat-based musical rhythms (Beat-based, audio-motor control, 8 contrasts) in the bilateral putamen. Third, we identified regions modulated by beat based rhythmic complexity (Complexity, 16 contrasts) which included the bilateral SMA-proper/pre-SMA, cerebellum, inferior parietal regions, and right temporal areas. This meta-analysis suggests that musical rhythm is largely represented in a bilateral cortico-subcortical network. Our findings align with existing theoretical frameworks about auditory-motor coupling to a musical beat and provide a foundation for studying how the neural bases of musical rhythm may overlap with other cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kasdan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Andrea N Burgess
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Scartozzi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Chern
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reyna L Gordon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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von Schnehen A, Hobeika L, Huvent-Grelle D, Samson S. Sensorimotor Synchronization in Healthy Aging and Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838511. [PMID: 35369160 PMCID: PMC8970308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), the coordination of physical actions in time with a rhythmic sequence, is a skill that is necessary not only for keeping the beat when making music, but in a wide variety of interpersonal contexts. Being able to attend to temporal regularities in the environment is a prerequisite for event prediction, which lies at the heart of many cognitive and social operations. It is therefore of value to assess and potentially stimulate SMS abilities, particularly in aging and neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), to understand intra-individual communication in the later stages of life, and to devise effective music-based interventions. While a bulk of research exists about SMS and movement-based interventions in Parkinson's disease, a lot less is known about other types of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or frontotemporal dementia. In this review, we outline the brain and cognitive mechanisms involved in SMS with auditory stimuli, and how they might be subject to change in healthy and pathological aging. Globally, SMS with isochronous sounds is a relatively well-preserved skill in old adulthood and in patients with NCDs. At the same time, natural tapping speed decreases with age. Furthermore, especially when synchronizing to sequences at slow tempi, regularity and precision might be lower in older adults, and even more so in people with NCDs, presumably due to the fact that this process relies on attention and working memory resources that depend on the prefrontal cortex and parietal areas. Finally, we point out that the effect of the severity and etiology of NCDs on sensorimotor abilities is still unclear: More research is needed with moderate and severe NCD, comparing different etiologies, and using complex auditory signals, such as music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres von Schnehen
- Université de Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Lise Hobeika
- Université de Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France.,Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Séverine Samson
- Université de Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France.,Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Epilepsy Unit, AP-HP, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
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14
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Neuronal activity in the monkey prefrontal cortex during a duration discrimination task with visual and auditory cues. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17520. [PMID: 34471190 PMCID: PMC8410858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate neuronal processing involved in the integration of auditory and visual signals for time perception, we examined neuronal activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of macaque monkeys during a duration discrimination task with auditory and visual cues. In the task, two cues were consecutively presented for different durations between 0.2 and 1.8 s. Each cue was either auditory or visual and was followed by a delay period. After the second delay, subjects indicated whether the first or the second cue was longer. Cue- and delay-responsive neurons were found in PFC. Cue-responsive neurons mostly responded to either the auditory or the visual cue, and to either the first or the second cue. The neurons responsive to the first delay showed activity that changed depending on the first cue duration and were mostly sensitive to cue modality. The neurons responsive to the second delay exhibited activity that represented which cue, the first or second cue, was presented longer. Nearly half of this activity representing order-based duration was sensitive to cue modality. These results suggest that temporal information with visual and auditory signals was separately processed in PFC in the early stage of duration discrimination and integrated for the final decision.
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15
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Ren J, Hubbard CS, Ahveninen J, Cui W, Li M, Peng X, Luan G, Han Y, Li Y, Shinn AK, Wang D, Li L, Liu H. Dissociable Auditory Cortico-Cerebellar Pathways in the Human Brain Estimated by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2898-2912. [PMID: 33497437 PMCID: PMC8107796 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, a structure historically associated with motor control, has more recently been implicated in several higher-order auditory-cognitive functions. However, the exact functional pathways that mediate cerebellar influences on auditory cortex (AC) remain unclear. Here, we sought to identify auditory cortico-cerebellar pathways based on intrinsic functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to previous connectivity studies that principally consider the AC as a single functionally homogenous unit, we mapped the cerebellar connectivity across different parts of the AC. Our results reveal that auditory subareas demonstrating different levels of interindividual functional variability are functionally coupled with distinct cerebellar regions. Moreover, auditory and sensorimotor areas show divergent cortico-cerebellar connectivity patterns, although sensorimotor areas proximal to the AC are often functionally grouped with the AC in previous connectivity-based network analyses. Lastly, we found that the AC can be functionally segmented into highly similar subareas based on either cortico-cerebellar or cortico-cortical functional connectivity, suggesting the existence of multiple parallel auditory cortico-cerebellar circuits that involve different subareas of the AC. Overall, the present study revealed multiple auditory cortico-cerebellar pathways and provided a fine-grained map of AC subareas, indicative of the critical role of the cerebellum in auditory processing and multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Catherine S Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Weigang Cui
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiaolong Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Guoming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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16
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Olguín Muñoz M, Klatzky R, Wang J, Pillai P, Satyanarayanan M, Gross J. Impact of delayed response on wearable cognitive assistance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248690. [PMID: 33755667 PMCID: PMC7987160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable cognitive assistants (WCA) are anticipated to become a widely-used application class, in conjunction with emerging network infrastructures like 5G that incorporate edge computing capabilities. While prototypical studies of such applications exist today, the relationship between infrastructure service provisioning and its implication for WCA usability is largely unexplored despite the relevance that these applications have for future networks. This paper presents an experimental study assessing how WCA users react to varying end-to-end delays induced by the application pipeline or infrastructure. Participants interacted directly with an instrumented task-guidance WCA as delays were introduced into the system in a controllable fashion. System and task state were tracked in real time, and biometric data from wearable sensors on the participants were recorded. Our results show that periods of extended system delay cause users to correspondingly (and substantially) slow down in their guided task execution, an effect that persists for a time after the system returns to a more responsive state. Furthermore, the slow-down in task execution is correlated with a personality trait, neuroticism, associated with intolerance for time delays. We show that our results implicate impaired cognitive planning, as contrasted with resource depletion or emotional arousal, as the reason for slowed user task executions under system delay. The findings have several implications for the design and operation of WCA applications as well as computational and communication infrastructure, and additionally for the development of performance analysis tools for WCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Olguín Muñoz
- Division of Information Science and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberta Klatzky
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Junjue Wang
- School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Mahadev Satyanarayanan
- School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - James Gross
- Division of Information Science and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Terao Y, Honma M, Asahara Y, Tokushige SI, Furubayashi T, Miyazaki T, Inomata-Terada S, Uchibori A, Miyagawa S, Ichikawa Y, Chiba A, Ugawa Y, Suzuki M. Time Distortion in Parkinsonism. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:648814. [PMID: 33815049 PMCID: PMC8017233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although animal studies and studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) suggest that dopamine deficiency slows the pace of the internal clock, which is corrected by dopaminergic medication, timing deficits in parkinsonism remain to be characterized with diverse findings. Here we studied patients with PD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 3–4 h after drug intake, and normal age-matched subjects. We contrasted perceptual (temporal bisection, duration comparison) and motor timing tasks (time production/reproduction) in supra- and sub-second time domains, and automatic versus cognitive/short-term memory–related tasks. Subjects were allowed to count during supra-second production and reproduction tasks. In the time production task, linearly correlating the produced time with the instructed time showed that the “subjective sense” of 1 s is slightly longer in PD and shorter in PSP than in normals. This was superposed on a prominent trend of underestimation of longer (supra-second) durations, common to all groups, suggesting that the pace of the internal clock changed from fast to slow as time went by. In the time reproduction task, PD and, more prominently, PSP patients over-reproduced shorter durations and under-reproduced longer durations at extremes of the time range studied, with intermediate durations reproduced veridically, with a shallower slope of linear correlation between the presented and produced time. In the duration comparison task, PD patients overestimated the second presented duration relative to the first with shorter but not longer standard durations. In the bisection task, PD and PSP patients estimated the bisection point (BP50) between the two supra-second but not sub-second standards to be longer than normal subjects. Thus, perceptual timing tasks showed changes in opposite directions to motor timing tasks: underestimating shorter durations and overestimating longer durations. In PD, correlation of the mini-mental state examination score with supra-second BP50 and the slope of linear correlation in the reproduction task suggested involvement of short-term memory in these tasks. Dopamine deficiency didn’t correlate significantly with timing performances, suggesting that the slowed clock hypothesis cannot explain the entire results. Timing performance in PD may be determined by complex interactions among time scales on the motor and sensory sides, and by their distortion in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Asahara
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Furubayashi
- Graduate School of Health and Environment Science, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tai Miyazaki
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Inomata-Terada
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Uchibori
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyagawa
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaeko Ichikawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuro Chiba
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Yoshida N, Suzuki T, Ogahara K, Higashi T, Sugawara K. Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold changes during motor learning. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 37:313-319. [PMID: 33064045 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1830755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanisms underlying the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold and its relationship with motor control have been reported; however, little is known regarding the change in temporal processing of tactile information during motor learning. We investigated the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold changes during motor learning in a feedback-control task. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 15 healthy individuals. The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold was measured on the index finger. A 10-session coin rotation task was performed, with 2 min' training per session. The coin rotation scores were determined through tests (continuous coin rotation at 180° at maximum speed for 10 s). The coin rotation test score and the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold were determined at baseline and after 5 and 10 sets of training, as follows: pre-test; training5set (1 set × 5); post-test5block; training5set (1 set × 5); and post-test10block. The coin rotation score and the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold were compared between the tests. The latter was also compared between the right (the within-subject control) and left fingers. RESULTS The coin rotation score showed significant differences among all tests. In the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test5block values, pre-test and post-test10block values of the left side and between the right and left sides in the post-test5block and the post-test10block values. CONCLUSIONS The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold decreased along with task-performance progress following motor learning during a feedback-control task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshin Yoshida
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Health and Social Work School of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kakuya Ogahara
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Social Work School of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugawara
- Faculty of Health and Social Work School of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
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19
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Martins E Silva DC, Marinho V, Teixeira S, Teles G, Marques J, Escórcio A, Fernandes T, Freitas AC, Nunes M, Ayres M, Ayres C, Marques JB, Cagy M, Gupta DS, Bastos VH. Non-immersive 3D virtual stimulus alter the time production task performance and increase the EEG theta power in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:563-573. [PMID: 32962509 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1826945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study investigated the cortical activity changes and time production task performance induced by changes in motion speed of a non-immersive 3D virtual stimulus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one individuals were participated in the crossover study with the visual-time reproduction task under three-speed conditions: original, slow and fast virtual stimulus. In addition, the electroencephalographic analysis of the theta band power in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was done simultaneously with time production task execution. RESULTS The results demonstrated that in the slow speed condition, there is an increase in the error in the time production task after virtual reality (p < 0.05). There is also increased EEG theta power in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in all speed conditions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We propose that the modulations of speed of virtual stimulus may underlie the accumulation of temporal pulses, which could be responsible for changes in the performance of the production task of the time intervals and a substantial increase in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity related to attention and memory, acting in cognitive domains of supraseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Teles
- Brain Mapping and Functionality, Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - João Marques
- Brain Mapping and Functionality, Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Anderson Escórcio
- Brain Mapping and Functionality, Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Thayaná Fernandes
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Freitas
- Brain Mapping and Functionality, Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Monara Nunes
- Brain Mapping and Functionality, Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Marcos Ayres
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bittencourt Marques
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio, Brazil
| | - Maurício Cagy
- Masters and PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daya S Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality, Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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20
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Coorevits E, Maes PJ, Six J, Leman M. The influence of performing gesture type on interpersonal musical timing, and the role of visual contact and tempo. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 210:103166. [PMID: 32919094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodily gestures play an important role in the communication of expressive intentions between humans. Music ensemble performance, as an outstanding example of nonverbal human communication, offers an exemplary context to study and understand the gestural control and communication of these expressive intentions. An important mechanism in music ensemble performance is the anticipation and control of interpersonal timing. When performing, musicians are involved in a complex system of mutual adaptation which is not completely understood so far. In this study, we investigated the role of performers' gestures in the mediation process of interpersonal timing in a dyad performance. Therefore, we designed an experiment in which we controlled for the use of hand and arm movements in a musical task, in which dyads were asked to synchronously tap out a melody. Next to their comfortable/natural way of tapping, we instructed participants to either perform pronounced expressive hand and arm gestures in between successive taps, or to restrict from any overt body movement. In addition, we looked at effects of visual contact (yes/no) and tempo (slow: 50 beats per minute; fast: 100 beats per minute). The results show that performers' gestures improve interpersonal musical timing, in terms of the consistency and accuracy of onset asynchronies, and of the variability of produced inter-onset intervals. Interestingly, we found that the use of expressive gestures, in regard to comfortable/natural movements, add to these positive timing effects, but only when there is visual contact and at the slow tempo. In addition, we found that the type of gestures employed by musicians may modulate leader-follower dynamics. Together, these findings are explained by human anticipation mechanisms facilitated by gesturing, shedding new light on the principles underlying human communication of expressive intentions, through music.
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21
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Teghil A, Di Vita A, Pietranelli V, Matano A, Boccia M. Duration reproduction in regular and irregular contexts after unilateral brain damage: Evidence from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and atlas-based hodological analysis. Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107577. [PMID: 32758553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that not completely overlapping brain networks support interval timing depending on whether or not an external, predictable temporal cue is provided during the task, aiding time estimation. Here we tested this hypothesis in a neuropsychological study, using both a topological approach - through voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM), that assesses the relation between continuous behavioral scores and lesion information on a voxel-by-voxel basis - and a hodological approach, using an atlas-based tractography. A group of patients with unilateral focal brain lesions and their matched controls performed a duration reproduction task assessing time processing in two conditions, namely with regularly spaced stimuli during encoding and reproduction (Regular condition), and with irregularly spaced stimuli during the same task (Irregular condition). VLSM analyses showed that scores in the two conditions were associated with lesions involving partly separable clusters of voxels, with lower performance only in the Irregular condition being related to lesions involving the right insular cortex. Performance in both conditions correlated with the probability of disconnection of the right frontal superior longitudinal tract, and of the superior and middle branches of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. These findings suggest that the dissociation between timing in regular and irregular contexts is not complete, since performance in both conditions relies on the integrity of a common suprasecond timing network. Furthermore, they are consistent with the hypothesis that tracking time without the aid of external cues selectively relies on the integration of psychophysiological changes in the right insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Teghil A, Di Vita A, D'Antonio F, Boccia M. Inter-individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity are linked to interval timing in irregular contexts. Cortex 2020; 128:254-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Bose R, Ding K, Seet M, Osborn L, Bezerianos A, Thakor N, Dragomir A. Sensory Feedback in Upper Limb Amputees Impacts Cortical Activity as Revealed by Multiscale Connectivity Analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3844-3847. [PMID: 33018839 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensory feedback in upper limb amputees is crucial for improving movement decoding and also to enhance embodiment of the prosthetic limb. Recently, an increasing number of invasive and noninvasive solutions for sensory stimulation have demonstrated the capability of providing a range of sensations to upper limb amputees. However, the cortical impact of restored sensation is not clearly understood. Particularly, understanding the cortical connectivity changes at multiple scales (nodal and modular) in response to sensory stimulation, can reveal crucial information on how amputees brain process the sensory stimuli. Using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals, we compared the cortical connectivity network in response to sensory feedback provided by targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tTENS) in an upper limb amputee during phantom upper limb movements. We focused our cortical connectivity analysis on four functional modules comprising of 20 brain regions that are primarily associated with a visually guided motor task (visual, motor, somatosensory and multisensory integration (MI)) used in this study. At the modular level, we observed that the hubness (a graph theoretic measure quantifying the importance of brain regions in integrating brain function) of the motor module decreases whereas that of the somatosensory module increases in presence of tTENS feedback. At the nodal level, similar observations were made for the visual and MI regions. This is the first work to reveal the impact of sensory feedback at multiple scales in the cortex of amputees in response to sensory stimulation.
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Busan P, Del Ben G, Tantone A, Halaj L, Bernardini S, Natarelli G, Manganotti P, Battaglini PP. Effect of muscular activation on surrounding motor networks in developmental stuttering: A TMS study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2020; 205:104774. [PMID: 32135384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies regarding developmental stuttering (DS) suggest that motor neural networks are strongly affected. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate neural activation of the primary motor cortex in DS during movement execution, and the influence of muscle representations involved in movements on "surrounding" ones. TMS was applied over the contralateral abductor digiti minimi (ADM) motor representation, at rest and during the movement of homologue first dorsal interosseous muscles (tonic contraction, phasic movements cued by acoustic signalling, and "self-paced" movements). Results highlighted a lower cortico-spinal excitability of ADM in the left hemisphere of stutterers, and an enhanced intracortical inhibition in their right motor cortex (in comparison to fluent speakers). Abnormal intracortical functioning was especially evident during phasic contractions cued by "external" acoustic signals. An exaggerated inhibition of muscles not directly involved in intended movements, in stuttering, may be useful to obtain more efficient motor control. This was stronger during contractions cued by "external" signals, highlighting mechanisms likely used by stutterers during fluency-evoking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Busan
- IRCCS Ospedale San Camillo, via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Del Ben
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Fleming 22, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Tantone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Fleming 22, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Livia Halaj
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Fleming 22, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Natarelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, via Venezia 8, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piero Paolo Battaglini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Fleming 22, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
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25
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Mioni G, Grondin S, Bardi L, Stablum F. Understanding time perception through non-invasive brain stimulation techniques: A review of studies. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Ota K, Shinya M, Kudo K. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Risk-Attitude in Motor Decision-Making. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:297. [PMID: 31551733 PMCID: PMC6743341 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans often face situations requiring a decision about where to throw an object or when to respond to a stimulus under risk. Several behavioral studies have shown that such motor decisions can be suboptimal, which results from a cognitive bias toward risk-seeking behavior. However, brain regions involved in risk-attitude of motor decision-making remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in risky motor decisions using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The experiment comprised a selective timing task requiring participants to make a continuous decision about the timing of their response under the risk of no rewards. The participants performed this task twice in a day: before and while receiving either anodal stimulation over the right DLPFC with cathodal stimulation over the left DLPFC (20 min, 2 mA), cathodal stimulation over the right DLPFC with anodal stimulation over the left DLPFC, or sham stimulation. In line with previous studies, their strategies before the stimulation were biased toward risk-seeking. During anodal stimulation over right DLPFC with cathodal stimulation over left DLPFC, participants showed a more conservative strategy to avoid the risk of no rewards. The additional experiment confirmed that tDCS did not affect the ability of timing control regarding the time intervals at which they aimed to respond. These results suggest a potential role for the DLPFC in modulating action selection in motor decision-making under risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Ota
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinya
- Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Kudo
- Laboratory of Sports Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Caligiore D, Arbib MA, Miall RC, Baldassarre G. The super-learning hypothesis: Integrating learning processes across cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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29
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Moussa-Tooks AB, Kim DJ, Bartolomeo LA, Purcell JR, Bolbecker AR, Newman SD, O’Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Impaired Effective Connectivity During a Cerebellar-Mediated Sensorimotor Synchronization Task in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:531-541. [PMID: 29800417 PMCID: PMC6483568 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prominent conceptual models characterize schizophrenia as a dysconnectivity syndrome, with recent research focusing on the contributions of the cerebellum in this framework. The present study examined the role of the cerebellum and its effective connectivity to the cerebrum during sensorimotor synchronization in schizophrenia. Specifically, the role of the cerebellum in temporally coordinating cerebral motor activity was examined through path analysis. Thirty-one individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls completed a finger-tapping fMRI task including tone-paced synchronization and self-paced continuation tapping at a 500 ms intertap interval (ITI). Behavioral data revealed shorter and more variable ITIs during self-paced continuation, greater clock (vs motor) variance, and greater force of tapping in the schizophrenia group. In a whole-brain analysis, groups showed robust activation of the cerebellum during self-paced continuation but not during tone-paced synchronization. However, effective connectivity analysis revealed decreased connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia between the cerebellum and primary motor cortex but increased connectivity between cerebellum and thalamus during self-paced continuation compared with healthy controls. These findings in schizophrenia indicate diminished temporal coordination of cerebral motor activity by cerebellum during the continuation tapping portion of sensorimotor synchronization. Taken together with the behavioral finding of greater temporal variability in schizophrenia, these effective connectivity results are consistent with structural and temporal models of dysconnectivity in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - John R Purcell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Amanda R Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sharlene D Newman
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Imaging Research Facility, Indiana University College of Arts and Sciences, Bloomington, IN
| | - Brian F O’Donnell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405; tel: 812-855-2620, fax: 812-855-4691, e-mail:
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30
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Manaia F, Rocha K, Marinho V, Magalhães F, Oliveira T, Carvalho V, Araújo T, Ayres C, Gupta D, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Cagy M, Bastos VH, Teixeira S. The role of low-frequency rTMS in the superior parietal cortex during time estimation. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1183-1189. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Motta MR, Tumas V, Bueno JLO. Time Perception of an Artwork's Manipulation Is Distorted by Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:6. [PMID: 30906255 PMCID: PMC6419149 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In artwork appreciation situations, individuals often show altered time perception. We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients present movement patterns that have an impact on the time perception of artwork manipulation time. We predicted that, compared to healthy controls (non-PD), differences in the exploratory behavior of patients would evoke alteration of artwork manipulation time perception. Methods: Ten PD patients and 10 non-PD participants manipulated two reproductions of artwork with different complexity levels from the series "Bichos" by Lygia Clark. Subsequently, participants performed a verbal estimation regarding the temporal duration of their manipulations. The exploratory behavior was analyzed. Results: All participants overestimated the artwork manipulation time. However, PD patients, regardless of the artwork's level of complexity, showed shorter manipulation time and minor time overestimation compared to the non-PD participants. PD patients touched the artworks more often, especially the more complex artworks, than the non-PD participants; in contrast, PD patients moved the artworks less often, particularly the less complex artwork. Conclusion: PD patients showed an altered perception of artwork manipulation time. This suggests that exploratory behavior influenced temporal estimation. Besides, it is likely that PD patients had presented a decreased ability to manage attention during the task, which interfered in the cognitive reconstruction of its duration. Considered altogether, these appointments indicate that, as a result of cognitive and motor deficits, PD patients showed impairment in temporal information processing. The exploratory behavior facilitated the understanding of these results and processes in terms of motor-timing operations of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Regina Motta
- Department of Psychology, Psychobiology Division, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences, Movement Disorder Division, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Lino Oliveira Bueno
- Department of Psychology, Psychobiology Division, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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32
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Modulating Subjective Time Perception with Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS). JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Rocha K, Marinho V, Magalhães F, Ribeiro J, Oliveira T, Gupta DS, Chaves F, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Cagy M, Lima G, Teixeira S. Low-frequency rTMS stimulation over superior parietal cortex medially improves time reproduction and increases the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predominance. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:523-533. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1476351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaline Rocha
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory,, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory,, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory,, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory,, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory,, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Daya S. Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Fernanda Chaves
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gildário Lima
- Neurophysics Applied Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory,, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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34
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Hamamouche K, Keefe M, Jordan KE, Cordes S. Cognitive Load Affects Numerical and Temporal Judgments in Distinct Ways. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1783. [PMID: 30333769 PMCID: PMC6176015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prominent theories suggest that time and number are processed by a single neural locus or a common magnitude system (e.g., Meck and Church, 1983; Walsh, 2003). However, a growing body of literature has identified numerous inconsistencies between temporal and numerical processing, casting doubt on the presence of such a singular system. Findings of distinct temporal and numerical biases in the presence of emotional content (Baker et al., 2013; Young and Cordes, 2013) are particularly relevant to this debate. Specifically, emotional stimuli lead to temporal overestimation, yet identical stimuli result in numerical underestimation. In the current study, we tested adults’ temporal and numerical processing under cognitive load, a task that compromises attention. Under the premise of a common magnitude system, one would predict cognitive load to have an identical impact on temporal and numerical judgments. Inconsistent with the common magnitude account, results revealed baseline performance on the temporal and numerical task was not correlated and importantly, cognitive load resulted in distinct and opposing quantity biases: numerical underestimation and marginal temporal overestimation. Together, our data call into question the common magnitude account, while also providing support for the role of attentional processes involved in numerical underestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Keefe
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Kerry E Jordan
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Sara Cordes
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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35
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Zelic G, Varlet M, Wishart J, Kim J, Davis C. The dual influence of pacer continuity and pacer pattern for visuomotor synchronisation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 683:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Somatosensory temporal discrimination in Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and essential tremor: Pathophysiological and clinical implications. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1849-1853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Kim J, Kim D, Jung MW. Distinct Dynamics of Striatal and Prefrontal Neural Activity During Temporal Discrimination. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:34. [PMID: 30150927 PMCID: PMC6099112 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The frontal cortex-basal ganglia circuit plays an important role in interval timing. We examined neuronal discharges in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (DMS and DLS) in rats performing a temporal categorization task and compared them with previously recorded neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). All three structures conveyed significant temporal information, but striatal neurons seldom showed the prolonged, full-interval spanning ramping activity frequently observed in the mPFC. Instead, the majority fired briefly during sample intervals. Also, the precision of neural time decoding became progressively worse with increasing time duration in the mPFC, but not in the striatum. With the caveat that mPFC and striatal units were recorded from different animals, our results suggest that the striatum and mPFC convey temporal information via distinct neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dohoung Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Whan Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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38
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Castro-Meneses LJ, Sowman PF. Stop signals delay synchrony more for finger tapping than vocalization: a dual modality study of rhythmic synchronization in the stop signal task. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5242. [PMID: 30013856 PMCID: PMC6046193 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robust feature of sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) performance in finger tapping to an auditory pacing signal is the negative asynchrony of the tap with respect to the pacing signal. The Paillard-Fraisse hypothesis suggests that negative asynchrony is a result of inter-modal integration, in which the brain compares sensory information across two modalities (auditory and tactile). The current study compared the asynchronies of vocalizations and finger tapping in time to an auditory pacing signal. Our first hypothesis was that vocalizations have less negative asynchrony compared to finger tapping due to the requirement for sensory integration within only a single (auditory) modality (intra-modal integration). However, due to the different measurements for vocalizations and finger responses, interpreting the comparison between these two response modalities is problematic. To address this problem, we included stop signals in the synchronization task. The rationale for this manipulation was that stop signals would perturb synchronization more in the inter-modal compared to the intra-modal task. We hypothesized that the inclusion of stop signals induce proactive inhibition, which reduces negative asynchrony. We further hypothesized that any reduction in negative asynchrony occurs to a lesser degree for vocalization than for finger tapping. METHOD A total of 30 participants took part in this study. We compared SMS in a single sensory modality (vocalizations (or auditory) to auditory pacing signal) to a dual sensory modality (fingers (or tactile) to auditory pacing signal). The task was combined with a stop signal task in which stop signals were relevant in some blocks and irrelevant in others. Response-to-pacing signal asynchronies and stop signal reaction times were compared across modalities and across the two types of stop signal blocks. RESULTS In the blocks where stopping was irrelevant, we found that vocalization (-61.47 ms) was more synchronous with the auditory pacing signal compared to finger tapping (-128.29 ms). In the blocks where stopping was relevant, stop signals induced proactive inhibition, shifting the response times later. However, proactive inhibition (26.11 ms) was less evident for vocalizations compared to finger tapping (58.06 ms). DISCUSSION These results support the interpretation that relatively large negative asynchrony in finger tapping is a consequence of inter-modal integration, whereas smaller asynchrony is associated with intra-modal integration. This study also supports the interpretation that intra-modal integration is more sensitive to synchronization discrepancies compared to inter-modal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy J. Castro-Meneses
- Perception in Action Research Centre (PARC), Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, University of Western Sydney, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul F. Sowman
- Perception in Action Research Centre (PARC), Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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39
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Mioni G, Grondin S, Mapelli D, Stablum F. A tRNS investigation of the sensory representation of time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10364. [PMID: 29985432 PMCID: PMC6037735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the representation of temporal intervals in the range of milliseconds/seconds remains a complex issue. Different brain areas have been identified as critical in temporal processing. The activation of specific areas is depending on temporal range involved in the tasks and on the modalities used for marking time. Here, for the first time, transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) was applied over the right posterior parietal (P4) and right frontal (F4) cortex to investigate their role in intra- and intermodal temporal processing involving brief temporal intervals (<1 sec). Eighty University students performed a time bisection task involving standard durations lasting 300 ms (short) and 900 ms (long). Each empty interval to be judged was marked by two successive brief visual (V) or auditory (A) signals defining four conditions: VV, VA, AV or AA. Participants were assigned to one of these four conditions. Half of the participants received tRNS over P4 and half over F4. No effect of stimulation was observed on temporal variability (Weber ratio). However, participants that were stimulated over P4 overestimated temporal intervals in the random condition compared to the sham condition. In addition to showing an effect of tRNS on perceived duration rather than on temporal variability, the results of the present study confirm that the right posterior parietal cortex is involved in the processing of time intervals and extend this finding to several sensory modality conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mioni
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - S Grondin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - D Mapelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Stablum
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Chun J, Lee D, Lee Y, Cho S. Bidirectional examination of the interaction between time and numerosity corroborates that numerosity influences time estimation but not vice versa. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:252-261. [PMID: 29655258 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There has been great interest in the idea that time, number, and space share a common magnitude system. However, only a handful of studies examined bidirectional interaction between time and number and the results varied depending on the specifics of the methods and stimulus properties of each study. The present study investigated bidirectional interaction between time and number using estimation tasks. We used duration (Experiment 1) and numerosity (Experiment 2) estimation tasks to investigate the effect of numerosity-on-duration and duration-on-numerosity estimation. The results from the two experiments demonstrated that numerosity influences duration processing but not vice versa; that is, there was unidirectional interaction between numerosity and time. The duration of stimulus presentation was overestimated for stimuli larger in (task-irrelevant) numerosity. Possible mechanisms underlying the unidirectional interaction between time and number are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyung Chun
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, South Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Cho
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, South Korea
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41
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Witmer JS, Aeschlimann EA, Metz AJ, Troche SJ, Rammsayer TH. The Validity of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings of Visuospatial Working Memory Processes in Humans. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E62. [PMID: 29621179 PMCID: PMC5924398 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is increasingly used for investigating cognitive processes. To provide converging evidence for the validity of fNIRS recordings in cognitive neuroscience, we investigated functional activation in the frontal cortex in 43 participants during the processing of a visuospatial working memory (WM) task and a sensory duration discrimination (DD) task functionally unrelated to WM. To distinguish WM-related processes from a general effect of increased task demand, we applied an adaptive approach, which ensured that subjective task demand was virtually identical for all individuals and across both tasks. Our specified region of interest covered Brodmann Area 8 of the left hemisphere, known for its important role in the execution of WM processes. Functional activation, as indicated by an increase of oxygenated and a decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin, was shown for the WM task, but not in the DD task. The overall pattern of results indicated that hemodynamic responses recorded by fNIRS are sensitive to specific visuospatial WM capacity-related processes and do not reflect a general effect of increased task demand. In addition, the finding that no such functional activation could be shown for participants with far above-average mental ability suggested different cognitive processes adopted by this latter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle S Witmer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eva A Aeschlimann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas J Metz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan J Troche
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany.
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42
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Lee MS, Lee MJ, Conte A, Berardelli A. Abnormal somatosensory temporal discrimination in Parkinson’s disease: Pathophysiological correlates and role in motor control deficits. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:442-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rammsayer T, Pichelmann S. Visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination depend on modality-specific, sensory-automatic temporal processing: Converging evidence for the validity of the Sensory-Automatic Timing Hypothesis. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 71:2364-2377. [PMID: 30362412 DOI: 10.1177/1747021817741611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Sensory-Automatic Timing Hypothesis assumes visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination to originate from sensory-automatic temporal processing. Although temporal discrimination of extremely brief intervals in the range of tens-of-milliseconds is predicted to depend mainly on modality-specific, sensory-automatic temporal processing, duration discrimination of longer intervals is predicted to require more and more amodal, higher order cognitive resources and decreasing input from the sensory-automatic timing system with increasing interval duration. In two duration discrimination experiments with sensory modality as a within- and a between-subjects variable, respectively, we tested two decisive predictions derived from the Sensory-Automatic Timing Hypothesis: (1) visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination were expected to be larger for brief intervals in the tens-of-milliseconds range than for longer ones, and (2) visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination of longer intervals should disappear when statistically controlled for modality-specific input from the sensory-automatic timing system. In both experiments, visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination were larger for the brief than for the longer intervals. Furthermore, visual-auditory differences observed with longer intervals disappeared when statistically controlled for modality-specific input from the sensory-automatic timing system. Thus, our findings clearly confirmed the validity of the Sensory-Automatic Timing Hypothesis.
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Conte A, McGovern EM, Narasimham S, Beck R, Killian O, O'Riordan S, Reilly RB, Hutchinson M. Temporal Discrimination: Mechanisms and Relevance to Adult-Onset Dystonia. Front Neurol 2017; 8:625. [PMID: 29234300 PMCID: PMC5712317 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal discrimination is the ability to determine that two sequential sensory stimuli are separated in time. For any individual, the temporal discrimination threshold (TDT) is the minimum interval at which paired sequential stimuli are perceived as being asynchronous; this can be assessed, with high test–retest and inter-rater reliability, using a simple psychophysical test. Temporal discrimination is disordered in a number of basal ganglia diseases including adult-onset dystonia, of which the two most common phenotypes are cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. The causes of adult-onset focal dystonia are unknown; genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are relevant. Abnormal TDTs in adult-onset dystonia are associated with structural and neurophysiological changes considered to reflect defective inhibitory interneuronal processing within a network which includes the superior colliculus, basal ganglia, and primary somatosensory cortex. It is hypothesized that abnormal temporal discrimination is a mediational endophenotype and, when present in unaffected relatives of patients with adult-onset dystonia, indicates non-manifesting gene carriage. Using the mediational endophenotype concept, etiological factors in adult-onset dystonia may be examined including (i) the role of environmental exposures in disease penetrance and expression; (ii) sexual dimorphism in sex ratios at age of onset; (iii) the pathogenesis of non-motor symptoms of adult-onset dystonia; and (iv) subcortical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Conte
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Eavan M McGovern
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shruti Narasimham
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Beck
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Owen Killian
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean O'Riordan
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard B Reilly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Hutchinson
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Alústiza I, Radua J, Pla M, Martin R, Ortuño F. Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of timing and cognitive control in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Evidence of a primary time deficit. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:21-32. [PMID: 28169089 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are associated with deficits in both timing and cognitive control functions. However, the underlying neurological dysfunctions remain poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to identify brain structures activated both by increases in cognitive activity and during timing tasks in patients with SZ and BD relative to controls. We conducted two signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies assessing the brain response to increasing levels of cognitive difficulty: one concerned SZ, and the other BD patients. We conducted a similar SDM meta-analysis on neuroimaging of timing in SZ (no studies in BD could be included). Finally, we carried out a multimodal meta-analysis to identify common brain regions in the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that SZ patients showed hypoactivation in timing-related cortical-subcortical areas. The dysfunction observed during timing partially coincided with deficits for cognitive control functions. We hypothesize that a dysfunctional temporal/cognitive control network underlies the persistent cognitive impairment observed in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pla
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
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Conte A, Belvisi D, Manzo N, Bologna M, Barone F, Tartaglia M, Upadhyay N, Berardelli A. Understanding the link between somatosensory temporal discrimination and movement execution in healthy subjects. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/18/e12899. [PMID: 27650249 PMCID: PMC5037912 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is the shortest interval at which an individual recognizes paired stimuli as separate in time. We investigated whether and how voluntary movement modulates STDT in healthy subjects. In 17 healthy participants, we tested STDT during voluntary index‐finger abductions at several time‐points after movement onset and during motor preparation. We then tested whether voluntary movement‐induced STDT changes were specific for the body segment moved, depended on movement kinematics, on the type of movement or on the intensity for delivering paired electrical stimuli for STDT. To understand the mechanisms underlying STDT modulation, we also tested STDT during motor imagery and after delivering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to elicit excitability changes in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). When tested on the moving hand at movement onset and up to 200 msec thereafter, STDT values increased from baseline, but during motor preparation remained unchanged. STDT values changed significantly during fast and slow index‐finger movements and also, though less, during passive index‐finger abductions, whereas during tonic index‐finger abductions they remained unchanged. STDT also remained unchanged when tested in body parts other than those engaged in movement and during imagined movement. Nor did testing STDT at increased intensity influence movement‐induced STDT changes. The cTBS‐induced S1 cortical changes left movement‐induced STDT changes unaffected. Our findings suggest that movement execution in healthy subjects may alter STDT processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicoletta Manzo
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tartaglia
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
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Leodori G, Formica A, Zhu X, Conte A, Belvisi D, Cruccu G, Hallett M, Berardelli A. The third-stimulus temporal discrimination threshold: focusing on the temporal processing of sensory input within primary somatosensory cortex. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2311-2317. [PMID: 28747470 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00947.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) has been used in recent years to investigate time processing of sensory information, but little is known about the physiological correlates of somatosensory temporal discrimination. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the time interval required to discriminate between two stimuli varies according to the number of stimuli in the task. We used the third-stimulus temporal discrimination threshold (ThirdDT), defined as the shortest time interval at which an individual distinguishes a third stimulus following a pair of stimuli delivered at the STDT. The STDT and ThirdDT were assessed in 31 healthy subjects. In a subgroup of 10 subjects, we evaluated the effects of the stimuli intensity on the ThirdDT. In a subgroup of 16 subjects, we evaluated the effects of S1 continuous theta-burst stimulation (S1-cTBS) on the STDT and ThirdDT. Results show that ThirdDT is shorter than STDT. We found a positive correlation between STDT and ThirdDT values. As long as the stimulus intensity was within the perceivable and painless range, it did not affect ThirdDT values. S1-cTBS significantly affected both STDT and ThirdDT, although the latter was affected to a greater extent and for a longer period of time. We conclude that the interval needed to discriminate between time-separated tactile stimuli is related to the number of stimuli used in the task. STDT and ThirdDT are encoded in S1, probably by a shared tactile temporal encoding mechanism whose performance rapidly changes during the perception process. ThirdDT is a new method to measure somatosensory temporal discrimination.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To investigate whether the time interval required to discriminate between stimuli varies according to changes in the stimulation pattern, we used the third-stimulus temporal discrimination threshold (ThirdDT). We found that the somatosensory temporal discrimination acuity varies according to the number of stimuli in the task. The ThirdDT is a new method to measure somatosensory temporal discrimination and a possible index of inhibitory activity at the S1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Leodori
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cruccu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; .,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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48
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Méndez JC, Rocchi L, Jahanshahi M, Rothwell J, Merchant H. Probing the timing network: A continuous theta burst stimulation study of temporal categorization. Neuroscience 2017; 356:167-175. [PMID: 28528965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Time perception in the millisecond and second ranges is thought to be processed by different neural mechanisms. However, whether there is a sharp boundary between these ranges and whether they are implemented in the same, overlapped or separate brain areas is still not certain. To probe the role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the right supplementary motor area (SMA), and the cerebellum on time perception, we temporarily altered their activity on healthy volunteers on separate sessions using transcranial magnetic stimulation with the continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) protocol. A control session was reserved for the stimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Before and after stimulation, participants were tested on a temporal categorization task using intervals in the hundreds and thousands of milliseconds ranges, as well as on a pitch categorization task which was used as a further control. We then looked for changes in the Relative Threshold and the Constant Error, which, respectively, reflect participants' sensitivity to interval duration and their accuracy at setting an interval that acts as a boundary between categories. We found that after cTBS in all of the studied regions, the Relative Threshold, but not the Constant Error, was affected and only when hundreds of milliseconds intervals were being categorized. Categorization of thousands of milliseconds intervals and of pitch was not affected. These results suggest that the fronto-cerebellar circuit is particularly involved in the estimation of intervals in the hundreds of milliseconds range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Sun L, Han M, Pratt K, Paulson D, Dinh C, Esch L, Okada Y, Hämäläinen M. Versatile synchronized real-time MEG hardware controller for large-scale fast data acquisition. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:055110. [PMID: 28571426 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Versatile controllers for accurate, fast, and real-time synchronized acquisition of large-scale data are useful in many areas of science, engineering, and technology. Here, we describe the development of a controller software based on a technique called queued state machine for controlling the data acquisition (DAQ) hardware, continuously acquiring a large amount of data synchronized across a large number of channels (>400) at a fast rate (up to 20 kHz/channel) in real time, and interfacing with applications for real-time data analysis and display of electrophysiological data. This DAQ controller was developed specifically for a 384-channel pediatric whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) system, but its architecture is useful for wide applications. This controller running in a LabVIEW environment interfaces with microprocessors in the MEG sensor electronics to control their real-time operation. It also interfaces with a real-time MEG analysis software via transmission control protocol/internet protocol, to control the synchronous acquisition and transfer of the data in real time from >400 channels to acquisition and analysis workstations. The successful implementation of this controller for an MEG system with a large number of channels demonstrates the feasibility of employing the present architecture in several other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Menglai Han
- Tristan Technologies, Inc., 6191 Cornerstone Court East, Suite 107, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Kevin Pratt
- Tristan Technologies, Inc., 6191 Cornerstone Court East, Suite 107, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Douglas Paulson
- Tristan Technologies, Inc., 6191 Cornerstone Court East, Suite 107, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Christoph Dinh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 2, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Lorenz Esch
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 2, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Yoshio Okada
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matti Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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50
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Trojano L, Caccavale M, De Bellis F, Crisci C. The brain and the subjective experience of time. A voxel based symptom-lesion mapping study. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:26-34. [PMID: 28438556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the anatomical bases involved in the subjective experience of time, by means of a voxel based symptom-lesion mapping (VLSM) study on patients with focal brain damage. Thirty-three patients (nineteen with right-hemisphere lesions -RBD, and fourteen with left lesion- LBD) and twenty-eight non-neurological controls (NNC) underwent the semi-structured QUEstionnaire for the Subjective experience of Time (QUEST) requiring retrospective and prospective judgements on self-relevant time intervals. All participants also completed tests to assess general cognitive functioning and two questionnaires to evaluate their emotional state. Both groups of brain-damaged patients achieved significantly different scores from NNC on the time performance, without differences between RBD and LBD. VLSM showed a cluster of voxels located in the right inferior parietal lobule significantly related to errors in the prospective items. The lesion subtraction analysis revealed two different patterns possibly associated with errors in the prospective items (the right inferior parietal cortex, rolandic operculum and posterior middle temporal gyrus) and in the retrospective items (superior middle temporal gyrus, white matter posterior to the insula).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Trojano
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; ICS Maugeri, Telese Terme, Italy.
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