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Wannawilai S, Palasak T, Chamkhuy W, Khongto B, Jeennor S, Laoteng K. Lipid production by robust Aspergillus oryzae BCC7051 and a mathematical model describing its growth and lipid phenotypic traits. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae229. [PMID: 39231805 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the promising oleaginous Aspergillus oryzae strain and leverage its lipid and biomass production through a mathematical model. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparative profiling of the cell growth and total fatty acid (TFA) content among 13 strains of A. oryzae was performed to explore the discrimination in their lipid productions. The oleaginicity of A. oryzae was found to be strain dependent, where the fungal strain BCC7051 exhibited superior performance in producing lipid-rich biomass by submerged fermentation. The TFA contents of the strain BCC7051 were comparable when cultivated at a range of pH values (pH 3.5-6.5) and temperatures (24-42°C). The mathematical model was generated, well describing and predicting the fungal growth and lipid phenotypic traits at various temperatures and carbon substrates. CONCLUSION The A. oryzae strain BCC7051 was a robust cell factory, acquiring economically feasible options for producing valuable lipid-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaporn Wannawilai
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Palasak
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Warinthon Chamkhuy
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bhimabol Khongto
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Jeennor
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Senturk S, Karaca H. Obtaining an aflatoxin-free and high-alcohol-content product using contaminated dried figs. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:127-134. [PMID: 36933161 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Dried fig is one of the most susceptible products to aflatoxin contamination. Since contaminated figs are not suitable for human consumption and cannot be used for any other purposes, they are burned in a chemical incinerator. In this study, we investigated the potential of using aflatoxin-contaminated dried figs as a raw material for ethanol production. For this purpose, contaminated dried figs (and also uncontaminated controls) were subjected to fermentation and subsequent distillation, and the alcohol and aflatoxin levels were determined during the processes. In addition, volatile by-products in the final product were determined using gas chromatography. Contaminated and uncontaminated figs had similar fermentation and distillation patterns. Although fermentation caused significant decreases in aflatoxin levels, there were still toxin residues in the fermented samples at the end of the process. On the other hand, aflatoxins were completely removed in the first step of the distillation. There were minor differences between the volatile compound compositions of the distillates produced from contaminated and uncontaminated figs. It was shown that obtaining aflatoxin-free and high-alcohol-content product using contaminated dried figs is possible according to the lab-scale conducted studies. Aflatoxin-contaminated dried figs can be used as a sustainable raw material for producing ethyl alcohol that can be used as an ingredient of surface disinfectants and/or fuel additive for vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Senturk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20160, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20160, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey.
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Islam SMM, Ju LK. Advanced strategies for production of soy-processing enzyme. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1042001. [PMID: 36698638 PMCID: PMC9868571 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme production is critical and often costly for biorefinery. It is challenging to produce enzymes with not only high titers but also proper combinations of all required activities in a single fermentation. This work aimed at improving productivity and composition of the multiple enzyme activities required for hydrolysis of complex soybean carbohydrate in a single fermentation. A previously selected Aspergillus niger strain was used for its high carbohydrases and low protease production. Strategies of fed-batch substrate addition and programmed pH-decrease rates were evaluated. Cheap soybean hull (SH) was confirmed to induce production of all necessary carbohydrases. Surprisingly, fed-batch SH addition, originally thought to sustain substrate-inducer availability and reduce feedback repression by sugars, did not increase pectinase and cellulase production significantly and even lowered the α-galactosidase production, when compared with batch fermentation having the same total SH amount (all added initially). On the other hand, the pH-decrease rate could be effectively optimized for production of complex enzyme mixtures. The best fermentation was programmed to lower pH from 7 to 4 in 84 h, at a drop rate of .0357 per h. It produced the highest pectinase (19.1 ± .04 U/mL), α-galactosidase (15.7 ± .4 U/mL), and cellulase (.88 ± .06 FPU/mL). Producing these high enzyme activities in a single fermentation significantly improves the effectiveness and economics of enzymatic soy processing, which, e.g., can hydrolyze the 30%-35% carbohydrate in soybean meal to sugars, with minimal protein degradation, to generate high-value protein-rich products and a hydrolysate as fermentation feedstock.
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Laothanachareon T, Bunterngsook B, Champreda V. Profiling multi-enzyme activities of Aspergillus niger strains growing on various agro-industrial residues. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 34926121 PMCID: PMC8671598 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes provide potential sources of carbon for production of fungal enzymes applied for various biotechnological applications. In this study, 23 strains of Aspergillus niger were systematically investigated for their capability on production of carbohydrate-processing enzymes used in industries. The strains were grown on glucose or selected agricultural wastes comprising varied chemical compositions as the sole carbon source. As a control, glucose induced basal activities of amylase, pectinase, and xylanase in only a few strains, while the CMCase, β-glucanase, and invertase activities were detected only when the carbon source was switched to the agro-industrial biomass. According to one-way ANOVA analysis, banana peels containing lignocellulosic components with high pectin and starch contents with its easily digestible nature, were found to be the best carbon source for inducing production of most target enzymes, while the cellulose-rich sugarcane bagasse efficiently promoted maximal levels of β-glucanase and xylanase activities. The starch fiber-rich cassava pulp also effectively supported the activities of amylase and most other enzymes, but at relatively lower levels compared to those obtained with banana peel. The A. niger TL11 strain was considered the most potent strain for production of all target enzymes with the CMCase, xylanase, pectinase, β-glucanase, amylase, and invertase activities of 76.15, 601.59, 160.89, 409.20, 426.73, and 1186.94 U/mL, respectively. The results provide insights into the efficiency of various carbon sources with different chemical compositions on inducing the target enzymes as well as the dissimilarity of A. niger strains on the production of different carbohydrate-processing enzymes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03086-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Laothanachareon
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
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Invertases in Phytophthora infestans Localize to Haustoria and Are Programmed for Infection-Specific Expression. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01251-20. [PMID: 33051363 PMCID: PMC7554665 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01251-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato and tomato blight, expresses two extracellular invertases. Unlike typical fungal invertases, the P. infestans genes are not sucrose induced or glucose repressed but instead appear to be under developmental control. Transcript levels of both genes were very low in mycelia harvested from artificial medium but high in preinfection stages (sporangia, zoospores, and germinated cysts), high during biotrophic growth in leaves and tubers, and low during necrotrophy. Genome-wide analyses of metabolic enzymes and effectors indicated that this expression profile was fairly unusual, matched only by a few other enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases and a few RXLR effectors. Genes for other metabolic enzymes were typically downregulated in the preinfection stages. Overall metabolic gene expression during the necrotrophic stage of infection clustered with artificial medium, while the biotrophic phase formed a separate cluster. Confocal microscopy of transformants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions indicated that invertase protein resided primarily in haustoria during infection. This localization was not attributable to haustorium-specific promoter activity. Instead, the N-terminal regions of proteins containing signal peptides were sufficient to deliver proteins to haustoria. Invertase expression during leaf infection was linked to a decline in apoplastic sucrose, consistent with a role of the enzymes in plant pathogenesis. This was also suggested by the discovery that invertase genes occur across multiple orders of oomycetes but not in most animal pathogens or a mycoparasite.IMPORTANCE Oomycetes cause hundreds of diseases in economically and environmentally significant plants. How these microbes acquire host nutrients is not well understood. Many oomycetes insert specialized hyphae called haustoria into plant cells, but unlike their fungal counterparts, a role in nutrition has remained unproven. The discovery that Phytophthora invertases localize to haustoria provides the first strong evidence that these structures participate in feeding. Since regions of proteins containing signal peptides targeted proteins to the haustorium-plant interface, haustoria appear to be the primary machinery for secreting proteins during biotrophic pathogenesis. Although oomycete invertases were acquired laterally from fungi, their expression patterns have adapted to the Phytophthora lifestyle by abandoning substrate-level regulation in favor of developmental control, allowing the enzymes to be produced in anticipation of plant colonization. This study highlights how a widely distributed hydrolytic enzyme has evolved new behaviors in oomycetes.
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β-Fructofuranosidase and β -D-Fructosyltransferase from New Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:6956202. [PMID: 30728756 PMCID: PMC6341271 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6956202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) and β-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a black Aspergillus sp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract were YP/S = 536.85 U/g and PP = 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values of YP/S = 2,627.93 U/g and PP = 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation. A. carbonarius PC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.
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Lam CK, Belanger FC, White JJ, Daie J. Mechanism and rate of sugar uptake by Acremonium typhinum, an endophytic fungus infecting Festuca rubra: Evidence for presence of a cell wall invertase in endophytic fungi. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1994.12026428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong K. Lam
- Plant Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Faith C. Belanger
- Plant Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - James J. White
- Department of Biology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama 36117
| | - Jaleh Daie
- Department of Botany, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Xie Y, Zhou H, Liu C, Zhang J, Li N, Zhao Z, Sun G, Zhong Y. A molasses habitat-derived fungus Aspergillus tubingensis XG21 with high β-fructofuranosidase activity and its potential use for fructooligosaccharides production. AMB Express 2017; 7:128. [PMID: 28641403 PMCID: PMC5479774 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial microorganisms used for fructooligosaccharides (FOS) synthesis are generally fermented with sucrose as carbon source to induce the production of β-fructofuranosidase (FFase) having transfructosylation activity. Consequently, isolation of novel FFase producers from a sucrose-enriched biotope would help improve FOS productivity and reduce the process cost. Here, three fungi isolated from a unique sugarcane molasses habitat were found to possess FFase activity and one of them, XG21, exhibited a high capacity to synthesize FOS. Analysis of its morphological properties and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence allowed the taxonomic position to be assigned and it was thus identified as Aspergillus tubingensis XG21. It could utilize various potential carbon sources for vigorous growth, but only produced high-level FFase activity on sucrose. Furthermore, the transfructosylation ability and FOS synthesis were analyzed by TLC and HPLC. During the transfructosylation reaction, an increase in sucrose concentration led to the remarkable enhancement in FOS formation with the maximum content of up to 56.9% within 8 h. Finally, the sugarcane molasses was used to cultivate A. tubingensis XG21 and the optimal FFase activity reached up to 558.3 U/g, which was 88.9% higher than that with sucrose as carbon source. These results indicate that A. tubingensis XG21 can be considered as a new genetic resource adapted to cheaply available carbon sources for FOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanxia Zhou
- Shandong Xingguang Sugar Group Co. Ltd., Laoling, Dezhou, 253600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Xingguang Sugar Group Co. Ltd., Laoling, Dezhou, 253600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanli Zhao
- Shandong Xingguang Sugar Group Co. Ltd., Laoling, Dezhou, 253600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyong Sun
- Anaesthesiology Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
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9
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Nakajima Y, Maeda K, Jin Q, Takahashi-Ando N, Kanamaru K, Kobayashi T, Kimura M. Oligosaccharides containing an α-(1→2) (glucosyl/xylosyl)-fructosyl linkage as inducer molecules of trichothecene biosynthesis for Fusarium graminearum. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:215-221. [PMID: 27664790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharides containing a sucrose unit are reported as carbon sources necessary for trichothecene production by Fusarium graminearum. Here we demonstrate that trichothecene production is induced when at least 100μM sucrose is added to a culture medium containing 333mM glucose in a 24-well plate. When glucose, the main carbon source of the medium, was replaced with galactose, maltose, or sorbitol, the addition of 100μM sucrose could no longer induce trichothecene production. However, replacing half the amount of each carbon source with glucose restored the trichothecene production-inducing activity of sucrose. Detailed investigations with media containing various concentrations of galactose and glucose as carbon sources suggested that operation of the galactose catabolic pathway for energy conservation affected trichothecene biosynthesis induction by sucrose. Trichothecene production was also induced by 100μM of either raffinose or xylosucrose in axenic liquid culture medium containing glucose as the major carbon source. These results demonstrate that sucrose derivatives are not necessary as a carbon source for inducing trichothecene biosynthesis, and that the minimum structural requirement for sugars to function as trichothecene production-inducer molecules is to contain an α-(1→2) (glucosyl/xylosyl)-fructosyl linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Maeda
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi-Ando
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kanamaru
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Kimura
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
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Singh S, Gupta N, Kaur J, Gupta A. Valorization of Sal Deoiled Cake as Media for Acidic Amylase and Invertase Co-Production by A
spergillus niger
NJ-1: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Application in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samsher Singh
- University School of Environment Management; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110078 India
| | - Neetu Gupta
- University School of Environment Management; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110078 India
- School of Biotechnology; Shoolini University; Solan Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- University School of Environment Management; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110078 India
- School of Biotechnology; Shoolini University; Solan Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Anshu Gupta
- University School of Environment Management; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110078 India
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Diandra DA, Vanessa CA, Alesandra O, Caroline H, Veridiana AADCP, Marina KK. Improved production of -galactosidase and -fructofuranosidase by fungi using alternative carbon sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/sre2015.6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Aguiar TQ, Dinis C, Magalhães F, Oliveira C, Wiebe MG, Penttilä M, Domingues L. Molecular and Functional Characterization of an Invertase Secreted by Ashbya gossypii. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:524-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Buerth C, Heilmann CJ, Klis FM, de Koster CG, Ernst JF, Tielker D. Growth-dependent secretome of Candida utilis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:2493-2503. [PMID: 21680638 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the food yeast Candida utilis has emerged as an excellent host for production of heterologous proteins. Since secretion of the recombinant product is advantageous for its purification, we characterized the secreted proteome of C. utilis. Cells were cultivated to the exponential or stationary growth phase, and the proteins in the medium were identified by MS. In parallel, a draft genome sequence of C. utilis strain DSM 2361 was determined by massively parallel sequencing. Comparisons of protein and coding sequences established that C. utilis is not a member of the CUG clade of Candida species. In total, we identified 37 proteins in the culture solution, 17 of which were exclusively present in the stationary phase, whereas three proteins were specific to the exponential growth phase. Identified proteins represented mostly carbohydrate-active enzymes associated with cell wall organization, while no proteolytic enzymes and only a few cytoplasmic proteins were detected. Remarkably, cultivation in xylose-based medium generated a protein pattern that diverged significantly from glucose-grown cells, containing the invertase Inv1 as the major extracellular protein, particularly in its highly glycosylated S-form (slow-migrating). Furthermore, cultivation without ammonium sulfate induced the secretion of the asparaginase Asp3. Comparisons of the secretome of C. utilis with those of Kluyveromyces lactis and Pichia pastoris, as well as with those of the human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, revealed a conserved set of 10 and six secretory proteins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buerth
- Molecular Mycology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Clemens J Heilmann
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans M Klis
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris G de Koster
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim F Ernst
- Molecular Mycology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Denis Tielker
- Molecular Mycology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Pereira de Souza CC, Moreira Prado G, da Conceição Freitas RC, Silva Santos Guimarães P, Calegário de Oliveira L, Eustáquio Alvim Brito-Melo G, de Figueiredo Conte Vanzela AP. Analysis of Aspergillus nidulans germination, initial growth and carbon source response by flow cytometry. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:459-66. [PMID: 21656795 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, flow cytometry was utilized to analyze the initial vegetative growth of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans as measured by the number of events increasing size and internal complexity. It was established the ideal parameters for the analysis of conidial populations, whose growth was followed after germination in glucose or sucrose. While glucose in culture increased growth several magnitudes in comparison to control cultures in saline, growth was less intense in cultures amended with sucrose. Results indicated that flow cytometry could be a useful tool to study fungal germination and initial growth since it allowed rapid identification of different populations by means of their increasing in size and granularity with good reproducibility and without the need for direct observation and count of individual cells.
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15
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Alegre ACP, de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli M, Terenzi HF, Jorge JA, Guimarães LHS. Production of thermostable invertases by Aspergillus caespitosus under submerged or solid state fermentation using agroindustrial residues as carbon source. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:612-22. [PMID: 24031406 PMCID: PMC3768555 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220090003000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus caespitosus was a good producer of intracellular and extracellular invertases under submerged (SbmF) or solid-state fermentation (SSF), using agroindustrial residues, such as wheat bran, as carbon source. The production of extracellular enzyme under SSF at 30°C, for 72h, was enhanced using SR salt solution (1:1, w/v) to humidify the substrate. The extracellular activity under SSF using wheat bran was around 5.5-fold higher than that obtained in SbmF (Khanna medium) with the same carbon source. However, the production of enzyme with wheat bran plus oat meal was 2.2-fold higher than wheat bran isolated. The enzymatic production was affected by supplementation with nitrogen and phosphate sources. The addition of glucose in SbmF and SSF promoted the decreasing of extracellular activity, but the intracellular form obtained in SbmF was enhanced 3-5-fold. The invertase produced in SSF exhibited optimum temperature at 50°C while the extra- and intracellular enzymes produced in SbmF exhibited maximal activities at 60°C. All enzymatic forms exhibited maximal activities at pH 4.0-6.0 and were stable up to 1 hour at 50°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Paiva Alegre
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brasil
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Yoshikawa J, Amachi S, Shinoyama H, Fujii T. Purification and some properties of β-fructofuranosidase I formed by Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 2404. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:491-3. [PMID: 17609167 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
beta-Fructofuranosidase I (FFase I) formed by Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 2404 was purified. The enzyme had a molecular weight of about 430 kDa, was not affected by various metal ions and showed high transfructosylating activity. The yield of fructooligosaccharides production using purified FFase I was 62%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshikawa
- Department of Advanced Bioresources Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo-City, Chiba, Japan
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17
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Yuan XL, Goosen C, Kools H, van der Maarel MJEC, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Dijkhuizen L, Ram AFJ. Database mining and transcriptional analysis of genes encoding inulin-modifying enzymes of Aspergillus niger. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 152:3061-3073. [PMID: 17005986 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a soil fungus, Aspergillus niger can metabolize a wide variety of carbon sources, employing sets of enzymes able to degrade plant-derived polysaccharides. In this study the genome sequence of A. niger strain CBS 513.88 was surveyed, to analyse the gene/enzyme network involved in utilization of the plant storage polymer inulin, and of sucrose, the substrate for inulin synthesis in plants. In addition to three known activities, encoded by the genes suc1 (invertase activity; designated sucA), inuE (exo-inulinase activity) and inuA/inuB (endo-inulinase activity), two new putative invertase-like proteins were identified. These two putative proteins lack N-terminal signal sequences and therefore are expected to be intracellular enzymes. One of these two genes, designated sucB, is expressed at a low level, and its expression is up-regulated when A. niger is grown on sucrose- or inulin-containing media. Transcriptional analysis of the genes encoding the sucrose- (sucA) and inulin-hydrolysing enzymes (inuA and inuE) indicated that they are similarly regulated and all strongly induced on sucrose and inulin. Analysis of a DeltacreA mutant strain of A. niger revealed that expression of the extracellular inulinolytic enzymes is under control of the catabolite repressor CreA. Expression of the inulinolytic enzymes was not induced by fructose, not even in the DeltacreA background, indicating that fructose did not act as an inducer. Evidence is provided that sucrose, or a sucrose-derived intermediate, but not fructose, acts as an inducer for the expression of inulinolytic genes in A. niger.
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MESH Headings
- Aspergillus niger/enzymology
- Aspergillus niger/genetics
- Aspergillus niger/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Computational Biology
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Fructose
- Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
- Genome, Fungal
- Inulin/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protein Sorting Signals/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/analysis
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sucrose/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- beta-Fructofuranosidase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Yuan
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Fungal Genetics Research Group, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Coenie Goosen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing TNO-University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Kools
- Microbiology, Fungal Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J E C van der Maarel
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Innovative Ingredients and Products, Rouaanstraat 27, 9723 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing TNO-University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Cees A M J J van den Hondel
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Fungal Genetics Research Group, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing TNO-University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F J Ram
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Microbiology, Utrechtseweg 48, 3500 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Fungal Genetics Research Group, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Mukherjee S, Chowdhury S, Ghorai S, Pal S, Khowala S. Cellobiase from Termitomyces clypeatus: activity and secretion in presence of glycosylation inhibitors. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1773-8. [PMID: 16912924 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In presence of the glycosylation inhibitors, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1 mg/ml), tunicamycin (30 microg/ml), 1-deoxynojirimycin (30 microg/ml) and D-glucono-delta-lactone (1 mg/ml), total cellobiase activity, in the extracellular, intracellular and cell bound fractions, of the fungus Termitomyces clypeatus grown in 20 ml cellobiose medium (1%, w/v) increased by 50-, 1.8-, 2.4-, 1.3-fold, respectively, with respect to control medium (16.3 U). The inhibitors also stimulated secretion of 95% of the total protein in culture medium, except D-glucono-delta-lactone which released 60% of the total protein. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (1 mg/ml) led to production of extracellular cellobiase up to 40 U/ml, whereas in absence of the inhibitors only 0.59 U/ml enzyme was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mukherjee
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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19
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20
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Höke D, Dräger B. Calystegines in Calystegia sepium do not inhibit fungal growth and invertase activity but interact with plant invertase. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2004; 6:206-213. [PMID: 15045673 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-817797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calystegines are alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors. They accumulate predominantly in young and meristemic parts of Calystegia sepium (Convolvulaceae). C. sepium, bindweed, infests meadows and cereal fields and is difficult to control chemically. Fungal pathogens against C. sepium are established as mycoherbicides. Stagonospora convolvuli LA39 attacks C. sepium and does not affect crop plants, but young plants of C. sepium are less susceptible to the fungus. The interaction of Stagonospora convolvuli with calystegines was investigated. Further, endophytic fungi of several classes were isolated from wild-grown Calystegia sepium leaves, and selected strains were tested for interaction with calystegines. Fungal growth on agar containing calystegines was not affected considerably. Plants in climate chambers were infected with an endophyte, Phomopsis, and with the fungal pathogen, Stagonospora convolvuli. Calystegine levels were measured in infected and non-infected plant tissues. Accumulation depended on developmental stage of the plant tissue and was not influenced by infection. Acid invertase was measured from fungal mycelia and from infected and non-infected plant tissues. Fungal acid invertase activity was not inhibited by 10 mM calystegine B (2), while invertase from C. sepium leaves was inhibited. It is concluded that calystegines do not inhibit fungal development and sucrose consumption under the conditions of the present investigation, but may act by redirection of plant carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Höke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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21
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Mátrai T, Mayer S, Kókai S, Salamon I. Invertase production of common storage moulds in food and feed grains as a possibility for rapid detection of Aspergillus flavus group and Aspergillus fumigatus. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 61:187-91. [PMID: 11078169 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Invertase production of grain storage moulds was studied. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were grown in a sucrose based liquid medium, at 37 degrees C. The A. flavus group (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. oryzae) and A. fumigatus showed a fast growth and intense invertase activity, while other Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. grew slower and produced less invertase. The pattern of accumulated reducing sugar after 20 and 48 h of incubation was characteristic to the species studied. From inoculation studies the detection limit was calculated as: 1-10 conidia of A. flavus group and A. fumigatus, as compared to 10(3)-10(4) for the other species studied. The method may be recommended as a rapid test for the detection of A. flavus group and A. fumigatus in food and feed grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mátrai
- Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Gesztenyés, Hungary
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22
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Wallis GL, Hemming FW, Peberdy JF. Secretion of two beta-fructofuranosidases by Aspergillus niger growing in sucrose. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 345:214-22. [PMID: 9308892 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is induced to secrete two invertases, named SUC 1 and SUC 2, when grown on a minimal medium containing sucrose. Although, both have been classified as beta-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolases, SUC 2 also possesses inulin hydrolytic activity (sucrose/inulin activity ratio of 4). These activities have been separated from each other and almost completely purified by anion-exchange, lectin affinity chromatography, and chromatofocusing. SUC 1 appeared as a single glycoprotein band on PAGE and SDS-PAGE corresponding in size to 250 and 125 kDa, respectively, compared with a much broader band (suggesting greater glycan heterogeneity) of 210-240 and 90-120 kDa for SUC 2. Therefore, both may be dimers, in their natural conformation. The glycan part of both contained the same monosaccharides: mannose, glucose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine; however, SUC 1 had approximately 10-fold more mannose and this was utilized to separate it from SUC 2 by Galanthus nivalis lectin affinity. Both the apparent Km values and the pH activity curves were different; SUC 1 did not show normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics to sucrose and apparent Michaelis constants of 30 and 160 mM were obtained. Activity was observed over a large range of pH 4.5-9 with a maximum at pH 6. In contrast, SUC 2 exhibited a Km of 40 and 1.7 mM to sucrose and inulin, respectively, with a pH optimum of 5.0 for both. Treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase suggests that in both SUC 1 and SUC 2 some of the glycan present was N-linked glycan but that the differences in enzyme activities were not due to the N-linked moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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23
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S�rensen TK, Wallis GLF, Peberdy JF. Fungal protoplasts as tools for studies on protein secretion. Biotechnol Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Torralba S, Pedregosa A, De Lucas J, Díaz M, Monistrol I, Laborda F. Effect of the microtubule inhibitor methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) on production and secretion of enzymes in Aspergillus nidulans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(96)80066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lam CK, Belanger FC, White JF, Daie J. Invertase activity in Epichloë/Acremonium fungal endophytes and its possible role in choke disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Espeso EA, Fernández-cañón J, Peñalva MA. Carbon regulation of penicillin biosynthesis inAspergillus nidulans: A minor effect of mutations increBandcreC. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cairns AJ, Howarth CJ, Pollock CJ. Submerged batch culture of the psychrophile Monographella nivalis in a defined medium; growth, carbohydrate utilization and responses to temperature. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1995; 129:299-308. [PMID: 33874546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb04300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An asporogenous strain of the pink snow mould fungus, Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müller, anamorph Gerlachia nivalis (Ces. ex Sac.) W. Gams & E. Müller (Syn. Fusarium nivale Ces. ex Sacc.), grew at 5 °C on a denned salts medium plus vitamins and utilized a variety of simple and polymeric carbohydrates as the sole carbon and energy source. Mycelium was grown at temperatures between 3 and 15 °C in aerated submerged fermentation culture in chemically defined medium plus sucrose. Optimum growth rates of 0·035-0·033 h-1 occurred between 9 and 12 °C. Growth in a simple medium showed that all biochemical and physiological processes necessary for growth were functional at 3 °C. The growth performance of the organism at low temperatures was no better than would be expected from extrapolation of mesophilic growth responses to temperature. The optimum growth temperature of 9-12°C showed that some biochemical or physiological process was impaired above 12 °C. Uptake and incorporation of 35 S-methionine by mycelium at different temperatures showed that general protein synthesis increased up to 25 °C, and hence was not responsible per se for the sensitivity to temperatures above 12 °C. Heat shock proteins were synthesized at the relatively low temperature of 25 °C, consistent with the low temperature optimum for growth. When grown with sucrose as the sole carbon source, the mycelium catalyzed the extracellular hydrolysis of sucrose, releasing glucose and fructose together with a small amount of fructan trisaccharides and a trace of tetra- and penta-saccharides. Fructan accumulation was transient, corresponding with maximal rates of sucrose hydrolysis. Most biomass formation occurred in the absence of fructan in the culture, hence fructan was not necessary for growth at low temperature and did not appear to function as a cryoprotectant. Invertase activity was mostly (60-70%) bound to mycelium; the remainder was free in the culture supernatant. The regulation of invertase expression appeared to be by sucrose-induction, rather than by end-product repression. Rates of sucrose hydrolysis in culture were temperature-sensitive and were markedly depressed above 12 °C, indicating inhibition of invertase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Cairns
- Cell Biology, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Catherine J Howarth
- Environmental Biology Departments, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Christopher J Pollock
- Cell Biology, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
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Ríos S, Pedregosa AM, Fernández Monistrol I, Laborda F. Purification and molecular properties of an alpha-galactosidase synthesized and secreted by Aspergillus nidulans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 112:35-41. [PMID: 8405947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha-Galactosidases from mycelial extract and culture filtrate of Aspergillus nidulans have been purified to homogeneity and utilised to obtain polyclonal antibodies anti-alpha-galactosidase. The enzymatic characteristics and the cross reactivity of the antibodies suggest that alpha-galactosidases isolated from the two sources were the same enzyme. Thus, A. nidulans synthesized and secreted only one enzymatic form of alpha-galactosidase which is a multimeric enzyme of 370 kDa composed of four monomers of 87 kDa and a pI of 6.3. The optimum temperature of activity was 50 degrees C and the optimum pH 4-5. The enzyme was stable over a wide range of pH but quite unstable to temperature. alpha-Galactosidase of A. nidulans is a very specific enzyme, it is active only on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactoside (PNPG), melibiose and raffinose. When PNPG was utilised as substrate melibiose, raffinose, galactose and glucose were competitive inhibitors of the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ríos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Parascandola P, de Alteriis E, Scardi V. Invertase and acid phosphatase in free and gel-immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown under different cultural conditions. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90114-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Jochová J, Rupeš I, Peberdy JF. Effect of the microtubule inhibitor benomyl on protein secretion in Aspergillus nidulans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Location of invertase in Aspergillus nidulans: release during hyphal wall digestion and secretion by protoplasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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