Rhizobium alarense sp. nov. and Rhizobium halophilum sp. nov. isolated from the nodule and rhizosphere of Lotus japonicus

Two strains (TRM95111^T and TRM95001^T) of Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped microbes were isolated from the nodule and rhizosphere of Lotus japonicus grown in the campus of Tarim University in Alar, Xinjiang, China. Strain TRM95111^T and strain TRM95001^T shared 93.1% 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity with each other and had 98.2 and 97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the closest species Rhizobium subbaraois JC85^T and R. halotolerans AB21^T by EzBioCloud blast, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, housekeeping gene sequences and core-proteome average amino acid identity (cpAAI) showed that two strains belonged to the genus Rhizobium. The value of digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between strain TRM95111^T and the closest strain R. subbaraonis JC85^T was 21.8%, respectively. The dDDH value between strain TRM95001^T and the closest strains R. tarimense PL-41^T was 27.1%. Whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of the strain TRM95111^T were 75.6-79.3% and strain TRM95001^T were 79.2-83.8%, compared to their closely related strains. The G + C content values of strain TRM95111^T and TRM95001^T were 65.1 and 60.7 mol%, respectively. Two isolates contained predominant quinone of Q-10 and the major fatty acids was C_18:1ω7c and they were sensitive to 1 μg of amikacin and kanamycin. The polar lipids of strain TRM95111^T included unidentified aminophospho lipids (APL1-3), unidentified phospholipids (PL1-2), phosphatidylcholine (PC), unidentified lipids (L1-5) and phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine (NPG), compared to the polar lipids of strain TRM95001^T including unidentified aminophospho lipids (APL1-3), unidentified phospholipids (PL1-2), phosphatidylcholine (PC), unidentified lipids (L2-5), hydroxy phosphatidyl ethanolamine (OH-PE) and phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine (NPG). Nodulation tests showed that two strains could induce nodules formation in L. japonicus. Based on the genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain TRM95111^T and strain TRM95001^T are suggested to represent two new species of the genus Rhizobium, whose names are proposed as Rhizobium alarense sp. nov. and Rhizobium halophilum sp. nov. The type strains are TRM95111^T (=CCTCC AB 2021116^T =JCM34826^T) and TRM950011^T (=CCTCC AB 2021095^T =JCM34967^T), respectively.

Duganella vulcania sp. nov., Rugamonas fusca sp. nov., Rugamonas brunnea sp. nov. and Rugamonas apoptosis sp. nov., isolated from subtropical streams, and phylogenomic analyses of the genera Janthinobacterium, Duganella, Rugamonas, Pseudoduganella and Massilia

Six Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile strains (FT81WT, FT82W, FT107W, FT3ST, LX20WT and LX47WT) sharing high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with species of the genera Janthinobacterium (97.0–98.3 %), Duganella (96.3–98.8 %), Rugamonas (97.8–98.6 %), Pseudoduganella (96.8–97.5 %) and Massilia (94.5–98.6 %) were isolated from subtropical streams in PR China. The phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the species of above five genera often mix together, indicating that the taxonomic statuses of some species were questionable. Phylogenomic reconstruction based on 369 single-copy orthologous clusters indicated that the species of the genus Janthinobacterium form a distinct cluster, strains FT81WT, FT82W and FT107W form a tight cluster with the species of the genus Duganella , and strains FT3ST, LX20WT and LX47WT form a tight cluster with the species of genus Rugamonas , and the species of genus Pseudoduganella form a tight cluster with Massilia guangdongensis , Massilia ginsengisoli , Massilia rivuli , Massilia namucuonensis , Massilia aquatica sensu Lu et al., Massilia buxea , Massilia armeniaca , Massilia plicata , Massilia flava , Massilia lurida , Massilia dura , Massilia lutea , Massilia umbonata , Massilia albidiflava and Massilia violacea . It should be noted that Massilia aquatica Lu et al. 2020 non Massilia aquatica Holochová et al. 2020 is a later homonym and an illegitimate name. The GTDB Release 202 also supported the proposal that M. guangdongensis , M. ginsengisoli , M. rivuli , M. namucuonensis , M. aquatica sensu Lu et al., M. buxea , M. armeniaca , M. plicata , M. flava , M. lurida , M. dura , M. lutea , M. umbonata , M. albidiflava and M. violacea should be transferred into the genus Pseudoduganella . The calculated pairwise orthologous average nucleotide identity by usearch (OrthoANIu) values were between 95.0 % and 95.6 % among strains FT81WT, FT82W and FT107W, but were less than 91.5 % among strains FT3ST, LX20WT, LX47WT and other related strains. Combining the results of phylogenomic analyses, phenotypic, biochemical and genotypic characteristics, strains FT81WT, FT82W and FT107W should represent a novel species of the genus Duganella , and strains FT3ST, LX20WT and LX47WT should represent three novel species of the genus Rugamonas , for which the names Duganella vulcania sp. nov. (type strain FT81WT=GDMCC 1.1679T =KACC 21471T), Rugamonas fusca sp. nov. (type strain FT3ST=GDMCC 1.1907T =KACC 21952T), Rugamonas brunnea sp. nov. (type strain LX20WT=GDMCC 1.1911T =KACC 21956T) and Rugamonas apoptosis sp. nov. (type strain LX47WT=GDMCC 1.1914T =KACC 21959T) are proposed.

Influence of operational conditions on the performance of biogas bioconversion into ectoines in pilot bubble column bioreactors

The application of biogas as a low-priced substrate for the production of ectoines constitutes an opportunity to decrease their production costs and to enhance the viability of anaerobic digestion. The influence of operational conditions on CH₄-biogas biodegradation and on ectoines production yields was assessed in continuous pilot bubble column bioreactors. The rise in biomass concentration from 1 to 3 g L^-1 resulted in a decrease in the specific ectoine content from 42 ± 8 to 30 ± 4 mg_ectoine g_VSS^-1. The concentration of Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ did not impact process performance, while the use of ammonium as N source resulted in low CH₄ biodegradation and ectoine yields (13 ± 7 mg_ectoine g_VSS^-1). The increase in CH₄ content from 4.5 to 9 %v·v^-1 enhanced CH₄ removal efficiency. Process operation at NaCl concentrations of 3 %w·w^-1 instead of 6 %w·w^-1 decreased the ectoine yield to 17 mg_ectoine g_VSS^-1. Finally, Methylomicrobiumburyatense was identified as the dominant species.

Halomonas jincaotanensis sp. nov., isolated from the Pamir Plateau degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

A Gram-strain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain TRM 85114^T, was isolated from the Jincaotan wetland in the Pamir Plateau of China. This strain grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 6.0 in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TRM 85114^T was affiliated with the genus Halomonas, and shared high sequence similarity with Halomonas korlensis XK1^T (97.3%) and Halomonas tibetensis pyc13^T (96.4%). Strain TRM 85114^T contained C_16:0 and C_19:0 cyclo ω8c as primary cellular fatty acids, Q-9 as predominate respiratory quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine, unidentified aminophospholipids, unidentified lipids and three unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. The complete genome of TRM 85114^T comprised 3,902 putative genes with a total of 4,126,476 bp and a G + C content of 61.6%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TRM 85114^T and related type Halomonas strains of H. korlensis XK1^T, H. tibetensis pyc13^T, Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 6768^T, and Halomonas urumqiensis BZ-SZ-XJ27^T were 75.4-88.9% and 22.9-39.2%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular features, strain TRM 85114^T represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name is proposed as Halomonas jincaotanensis sp. nov.. The type strain is TRM 85114^T (CCTCC AB 2021006^T = LMG 32311^T). The amount of 1-naphthylamine degradation by strain TRM 85114^T reached up to 32.0 mg/L in 14 days.

Salegentibacter lacus sp. nov. and Salegentibacter tibetensis sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile strains (LM13ST and JZCK2T) were isolated from hypersaline lakes in China. The colonies of both strains were yellow-pigmented and convex. Both strains could grow at 4–34 °C, pH 6.5–9.0 and with 1.0–13.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains LM13ST and JZCK2T share less than 98.3 % similarity with species of the genus Salegentibacter . The phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also showed that Salegentibacter species are the most closely related neighbours of strains LM13ST and JZCK2T. The sequenced draft genome sizes of strains LM13ST and JZCK2T are 4.06 and 4.22 Mbp with G+C contents of 37.0 and 37.8 mol%, respectively. The phylogenomic tree reconstructed using the Up-to-date Bacterial Core Gene set pipeline also demonstrated that both strains belong to the genus Salegentibacter . The calculated pairwise average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains LM13ST and JZCK2T and Salegentibacter species were less than 86.4 and 32.0 %, respectively. The respiratory quinone in both strains was MK-6. Their major fatty acids were iso-C12 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C15 : 1  ω10c, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1  ω10c. Their major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid, but strain LM13ST also contained one more unidentified aminolipid, one more unidentified lipid and one unidentified phospholipid. Combining the above descriptions, strains LM13ST and JZCK2T should represent two independent novel species of the genus Salegentibacter , for which the names Salegentibacter lacus sp. nov. (type strain LM13ST=GDMCC 1.2643T=KCTC 82861T) and Salegentibacter tibetensis sp. nov. (type strain JZCK2T=GDMCC 1.2621T=KCTC 82862T) are proposed.

Paraneptunicella aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Alteromonadaceae isolated from seawater in East China Sea

An aerobic Gram-stain-negative, curved rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterial strain (NBU2194^T) was isolated from seawater collected in an intertidal zone in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China. It was motile though a single polar flagellum and grew at 20-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in 0-2.0 % NaCl (0 %, w/v) and at pH 5.0-9.0 (pH 6.0-7.0). The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major cellular fatty acids were C_16 : 0, C_16 : 1  ω7c and/or C_16 : 1  ω6c. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified aminophosphoglycolipids. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 65 genomic core genes showed that strain NBU2194^T formed a distinct lineage in the family Alteromonadaceae. The genome of strain NBU2194^T was 4 913 533 bp with a DNA G+C content of 43.9 mol% and coded 3895 genes, 12 rRNA genes and 47 tRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity, amino acid identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NBU2194^T and related species of Alteromonadaceae were below the threshold limit for prokaryotic species delineation. NBU2194^T could be distinguished from other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence collected in this study, strain NBU2194^T is considered to represent a novel genus and species in the family Alteromonadaceae, for which the name Paraneptunicella aestuarii is proposed. The type strain is NBU2194^T (=KCTC 82442^T=GDMCC 1.2217^T).

Draft Genome Sequence of Aestuariibacter halophilus Type Strain JC2043

Aestuariibacter halophilus strain JC2043, a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium, is often used as a reference organism for assigning taxonomy within the family Alteromonadaceae. Isolates of this species have also been investigated for compound degradation (e.g., phthalates and oil) and biofilm association. Presented here is the draft genome sequence of A. halophilus strain JC2043.

Undibacterium baiyunense sp. nov., Undibacterium curvum sp. nov., Undibacterium fentianense sp. nov., Undibacterium flavidum sp. nov., Undibacterium griseum sp. nov., Undibacterium hunanense sp. nov., Undibacterium luofuense sp. nov., Undibacterium nitidum sp. nov., Undibacterium rivi sp. nov., Undibacterium rugosum sp. nov. and Undibacterium umbellatum sp. nov., isolated from streams in China

Twelve Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile strains (CY7W^T, CY18W^T, CY22W^T, FT31W^T, FT137W^T, FT147W^T, BYS50W, BYS107W^T, LFS511W^T, LX15W^T, LX22W^T and NL8W^T) were isolated from streams in China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains take species of genus Undibacterium as close neighbours. The reconstructed phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees also showed that these strains cluster with species of genus Undibacterium together. The genome G+C contents of these strains were in the range of 45.3 to 53.3 mol%. The calculated pairwise OrthoANIu values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among these strains and related strains were in the range of 70.4 to 94.1% and 19.3 to 55.3% except that the values between strains CY7W^T and BYS50W were 99.0 and 91.8 %, respectively. Q-8 was their predominant respiratory quinone. C_16 : 1  ω7c and C_16 : 0 were their major fatty acids. Their polar lipids profiles were similar, including phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two kinds of unidentified aminolipids. Combining polyphasic taxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, twelve strains should represent eleven independent novel species of genus Undibacterium, for which the names Undibacterium baiyunense sp. nov. (type strain BYS107W^T=GDMCC 1.2453^T=KCTC 82653^T), Undibacterium curvum sp. nov. (type strain CY22W^T=GDMCC 1.1906^T=KACC 21951^T), Undibacterium fentianense sp. nov. (type strain FT137W^T=GDMCC 1.2456^T=KCTC 82656^T), Undibacterium flavidum sp. nov. (type strain LX15W^T=GDMCC 1.1910^T=JCM 34286^T), Undibacterium griseum sp. nov. (type strain FT31W^T=GDMCC 1.1908^T=KACC 21953^T), Undibacterium hunanense sp. nov. (type strain CY18W^T=GDMCC 1.1904^T=KACC 21949^T), Undibacterium luofuense sp. nov. (type strain LFS511W^T=GDMCC 1.2458^T=KCTC 82658^T), Undibacterium nitidum sp. nov. (type strain LX22W^T=GDMCC 1.1912^T=KACC 21957^T), Undibacterium rivi sp. nov. (type strain FT147W^T=GDMCC 1.2457^T=KCTC 82657^T), Undibacterium rugosum sp. nov. (type strain CY7W^T=GDMCC 1.1903^T=KACC 21961^T) and Undibacterium umbellatum sp. nov. (type strain NL8W^T=GDMCC 1.1915^T=KACC 21960^T) are proposed.

Bowmanella yangjiangensis sp. nov. and Amphritea pacifica sp. nov., isolated from mariculture fishponds in China

Four Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile strains (Y26, Y57^T, ZJ14W^T and RP18W) were isolated from mariculture fishponds in PR China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains Y26 and Y57^T share 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities in the range of 95.1-98.5 % with species of the genus Bowmanella, and strains ZJ14W^T and RP18W share 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities in the range of 96.7 -98.8 % with species of the genus Amphritea, respectively. The genome sizes of strains Y26, Y57^T, ZJ14W^T and RP18W were about 4.85, 5.40, 4.70 and 4.70 Mbp with 49.5, 51.7, 51.2 and 51.3 mol% G+C content, respectively. The calculated pairwise OrthoANIu values among strains Y26, Y57^T and species of the genus Bowmanella were in the range of 72.6-83.1 %, but the value between strains Y26 and Y57^T was 96.2 %. The pairwise OrthoANIu values among strains ZJ14W^T, RP18W and other species of the genus Amphritea were all less than 93.9 %, but the value between strains ZJ14W^T and RP18W was 99.3 %. Q-8 was the major respiratory quinone of strains Y26, Y57^T, ZJ14W^T and RP18W, and the major fatty acids of these strains were all C_{16 : 1} ω7c, C_{16 : 0} and C_{18 : 1} ω7c. The predominant polar lipids of strains Y26 and Y57^T included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, but strains ZJ14W^T and RP18W only contained phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Combining phenotypic, biochemical and genotypic characteristics, strains Y26 and Y57^T should belong to the same species and represent a novel member of the genus Bowmanella, and strains ZJ14W^T and RP18W should belong to the same species and represent a novel member of the genus Amphritea, for which the names Bowmanella yangjiangensis sp. nov. (type strain Y57^T=GDMCC 1.2180^T=KCTC 82439^T) and Amphritea pacifica sp. nov. (type strain ZJ14W^T=GDMCC 1.2203^T=KCTC 82438^T) are proposed.

Algoriphagus pacificus sp. nov. and Algoriphagus oliviformis sp. nov., isolated from a mariculture fishpond

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming and non-motile strains (YJ13C^T and H41^T) were isolated from a mariculture fishpond in PR China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that YJ13C^T and H41^T shared 16S rRNA gene sequences similarities between 92.6 and 99.2 % with species of the genus Algoriphagus. YJ13C^T only shared 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with H41^T. The reconstructed phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees indicated that YJ13C^T and H41^T clustered closely with species of the genus Algoriphagus. The calculated pairwise orthologous average nucleotide identity with usearch (OrthoANIu) values between strains YJ13C^T and H41^T and other related strains were all less than 79.5 %. The OrthoANIu value between YJ13C^T and H41^T was only 69.9 %. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone of YJ13C^T and H41^T and their major cellular fatty acids contained iso-C_15 : 0, C_16 : 1 ω7c and C_17 : 1 ω9c. The polar lipids profiles of YJ13C^T and H41^T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several kinds of unidentified lipids. Combining the above descriptions, strains YJ13C^T and H41^T represent two distinct novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the names Algoriphagus pacificus sp. nov. (type strain YJ13C^T=GDMCC 1.2178^T=KCTC 82450^T) and Algoriphagus oliviformis sp. nov. (type strain H41^T=GDMCC 1.2179^T=KCTC 82451^T) are proposed.

Microbial transformation of distinct exogenous substrates into analogous composition of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter

Oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a complex molecular mixture which is typically refractory and homogenous in the deep layers of the ocean. Though the refractory nature of deep-sea DOM is increasingly attributed to microbial metabolism, it remains unexplored whether ubiquitous microbial metabolism of distinct carbon substrates could lead to similar molecular composition of refractory DOM. Here, we conducted microbial incubation experiments using four typically bioavailable substrates (L-alanine, trehalose, sediment DOM extract, and diatom lysate) to investigate how exogenous substrates are transformed by a natural microbial assemblage. The results showed that although each-substrate-amendment induced different changes in the initial microbial assemblage and the amended substrates were almost depleted after 90 days of dark incubation, the bacterial community compositions became similar in all incubations on day 90. Correspondingly, revealed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, molecular composition of DOM in all incubations became compositionally consistent with recalcitrant DOM and similar toward that of DOM from the deep-sea. These results indicate that while the composition of natural microbial communities can shift with substrate exposures, long-term microbial transformation of distinct substrates can ultimately lead to a similar refractory DOM composition. These findings provide an explanation for the homogeneous and refractory features of deep-sea DOM.

Duganella lactea sp. nov., Duganella guangzhouensis sp. nov., Duganella flavida sp. nov. and Massilia rivuli sp. nov., isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China and proposal to reclassify Duganella ginsengisoli as Massilia ginsengisoli comb. nov

Five Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile strains (FT50W^T, FT80W^T, FT92W^T, FT94W and FT135W^T) were isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains FT50W^T, FT94W and FT135W^T take strain Duganella sacchari Sac-22^T, and strains FT80W^T and FT92W^T take strain Duganella ginsengisoli DCY83^T as their closest neighbour in the phylogenetic trees, respectively. The G+C contents of strains FT50W^T, FT80W^T, FT92W^T, FT94W and FT135W^T were 63.3, 62.4, 62.8, 63.8 and 60.8 %, respectively. The reconstructed phylogenomic tree based on concatenated 92 core genes showed that strains FT50W^T, FT80W^T, FT94W and FT135W^T clustered together with species of the genus Duganella, but strains FT92W^T and D. ginsengisoli KCTC 42409^T were located in the clades of the genus Massilia. The calculated pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among strains FT50W^T, FT80W^T, FT92W^T, FT94W, FT135W^T and related strains were in the ranges of 75.6-87.8% and 20.3-33.8% except that the values between strains FT50W^T and FT94W were 98.7 and 89.2%, respectively. The respiratory quinone of these five strains was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C_16 : 1  ω7c, C_16 : 0, C_18 : 1  ω7c and C_12 : 0. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. Considering the distinct phylogenetic relationships of D. ginsengisoli with species of the genus Massilia in the phylogenomic tree, it was reasonable to transfer D. ginsengisoli to the genus Massilia as Massilia ginsengisoli comb. nov. Combining the results of phylogenomic analysis, ANI and dDDH data, and a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics together, strains FT50W^T and FT94W should belong to the same species and be assigned to genus Duganella with strains FT80W^T and FT135W^T together, and strain FT92W^T should be assigned to the genus Massilia, for which the names Duganella lactea sp. nov. (type strain FT50W^T=GDMCC 1.1674^T=KACC 21466^T), Duganella guangzhouensis sp. nov. (FT80W^T=GDMCC 1.1678^T=KACC 21470^T), Duganella flavida sp. nov. (FT135W^T=GDMCC 1.1745^T=KACC 21659^T) and Massilia rivuli sp. nov. (FT92W^T=GDMCC 1.1682^T=KACC 21474^T) are proposed.

Rugamonas aquatica sp. nov. and Rugamonas rivuli sp. nov., isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile strains (FT29W^T and FT103W^T) were isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains FT29W^T and FT103W^T showed 98.7 and 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Rugamonas rubra CCM 3730^T as their closest neighbour, respectively. The calculated pairwise OrthoANIu values between strain R. rubra CCM 3730^T and strains FT29W^T and FT103W^T were all 81.4 %. The respiratory quinone of strains FT29W^T and FT103W^T was determined to be Q-8. The major fatty acids were C_16 : 1 ω7c, C_16 : 0 and C_12 : 0. The polar lipids of strain FT103W^T included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid, but strain FT29W^T did not contain phosphatidylglycerol. The genome sizes of strains FT29W^T and FT103W^T were 7.23 and 6.84 Mbp with G+C contents of 63.8 and 63.9 %, respectively. Although the pairwise OrthoANIu value between strains FT29W^T and FT103W^T was 95.2 % which located in the transition region of species demarcation, the dissimilarities in the aspects of phenotypic, biochemical and genotypic characteristics supported these two strains should belong to the different species within genus Rugamonas, for which the names Rugamonas aquatica sp. nov. (type strain FT29W^T=GDMCC 1.1643^T=KACC 21316^T) and Rugamonas rivuli sp. nov. (type strain FT103W^T=GDMCC 1.1685^T=KACC 21477^T) are proposed.

Massilia aquatica sp. nov., Isolated from a Subtropical Stream in China

A Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile strain FT127W^T was isolated from a subtropical stream in China. Comparison based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FT127W^T belongs to genus Massilia and shares 98.5% similarity with Massilia buxea A9^T as its closest neighbor. The genome size of strain FT127W^T was 6.65 Mbp with G + C content of 65.3%. The calculated pairwise OrthoANIu values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FT127W^T and each of strains M. buxea KCTC 52429^T, Massilia armeniaca ZMN-3^T, Massilia plicata DSM 17505^T and Massilia namucuonensis CGMCC 1.11014^T were less than 83.1% and 26.6%, respectively. The reconstructed phylogenomic tree based on concatenated 92 core genes showed that strain FT127W^T clusters closely with M. namucuonensis CGMCC 1.11014^T. The respiratory quinone of strain FT127W^T was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C_16:1 ω7c, C_16:0 and C_12:0. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. Combining above all characteristics, strain FT127W^T should represent a novel species within genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia aquatica sp. nov. (type strain FT127W^T = GDMCC 1.1690^T = KACC 21482^T) is proposed.

Duganella alba sp. nov., Duganella aquatilis sp. nov., Duganella margarita sp. nov. and Duganella levis sp. nov., isolated from subtropical streams in China

Six Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile strains (FT9W^T, FT25W, FT26W^T, FT109W^T, FT134W and CY42W^T) were isolated from subtropical streams in China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the six strains shared similarities of less than 98.1 % with other species within the family Oxalobacteraceae and formed two separately distinct clades in phylogenetic trees. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strains FT9W^T and FT25W, and between strains FT109W^T and FT134W were both 99.7 %. The genome sizes of strains FT9W^T, FT25W, FT26W^T, FT109W^T, FT134W and CY42W^T were 6.45, 6.45, 6.54, 6.43, 6.52 and 6.74 Mbp with G+C contents of 64.0, 64.0, 63.8, 63.2, 63.2 and 62.5 %, respectively. The calculated pairwise average nucleotide (ANI) values among the six strains and other related species were less than 93.9 %, except that the values were 99.9 % between strains FT9W^T and FT25W, 98.2 % between strains FT109W^T and FT134W, and 95.0 and 95.1 % between strain FT26W^T and strains FT9W^T and FT25W, respectively. However, strain FT26W^T shared 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of only 98.3 and 98.2 % with FT9W^T and FT25W, respectively. The respiratory quinone of the six strains was determined to be Q-8. The major fatty acids were C_16 : 1 ω7c, C_16 : 0 and C_12 : 0. The predominant polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Considering the phenotypic, biochemical, genotypic and ANI data, strains FT9W^T and FT25W, and FT109W^T and FT134W may belong to the same species, respectively. Although the pairwise ANI values between strain FT26W^T and each of strains FT9W^T and FT25W were located in the transition region of species demarcation, the dissimilarities among them indicated that strain FT26W^T could represent an independent novel species. The reconstructed phylogenomic tree based on a concatenation of 92 core genes showed that the six strains clustered closely with Duganella sacchari Sac-22^T and Duganella radicis KCTC 22382^T, and supported that these six strains belong to the genus Duganella. The names Duganella albus sp. nov. (type strain FT9W^T=GDMCC 1.1637^T=KACC 21313^T), Duganella aquatilis sp. nov. (type strain FT26W^T=GDMCC 1.1641^T=KACC 21315^T), Duganella pernnla sp. nov. (type strain FT109W^T=GDMCC 1.1688^T=KACC 21480^T) and Duganella levis sp. nov. (type strain CY42W^T=GDMCC 1.1673^T=KACC 21465^T) are proposed.

Janthinobacterium violaceinigrum sp. nov., Janthinobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. and Janthinobacterium rivuli sp. nov., isolated from a subtropical stream in China

Four strains assigned the names FT13W^T, FT14W, FT58W^T and FT68W^T were isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China. All the strains were Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile with flagella. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains FT13W^T, FT14W, FT58W^T and FT68W^T belonged to genus Janthinobacterium and shared 16S rRNA gene similarities in the range of 98.8-99.7 % with Janthinobacterium lividum DSM 1522^T, Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum DSM 9628^T and 'Janthinobacterium svalbardensis JA-1', respectively. The calculated pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) values among the genomes of above seven strains were in the range of 79.0-92.2 %, except that the ANI value was 96.8 % between strain FT13W^T and FT14W. The respiratory quinone of strains FT13W^T, FT14W, FT58W^T and FT68W^T was determined to be Q-8. The major fatty acids were C_16 : 1 ω7c, C_16 : 0, C_18 : 1 ω7c and C_12 : 0. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. The genome sizes of strains FT13W^T, FT14W, FT58W^T and FT68W^T were 6.45, 6.38, 5.73 and 6.37 Mbp with G+C contents of 63.4, 63.7, 61.6 and 63.1 mol%, respectively. Combining phenotypic, biochemical, genotypic and ANI data, strain FT13W^T and FT14W should belong to the same species. The four strains were considered to represent three novel species within genus Janthinobacterium, for which the names Janthinobacterium violaceinigrum sp. nov. (type strain FT13W^T=GDMCC 1.1638^T=KACC 21319^T), Janthinobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. (FT58W^T=GDMCC 1.1676^T=KACC 21468^T) and Janthinobacterium rivuli sp. nov. (FT68W^T=GDMCC 1.1677^T=KACC 21469^T) are proposed.

Saliniradius amylolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from solar saltern sediment

A novel non-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of a polar flagellum, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HMF8227^T, was isolated from solar saltern sediment sampled at Shinan, Republic of Korea. The isolate was able to grow at 15-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6-8 (pH 7) and with 0.5-12 % NaCl (2-5 %). Strain HMF8227^T was positive for hydrolysis of starch and dextrin. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain HMF8227^T was affiliated with the family Alteromonadaceae, sharing the highest sequence similarities to the genera Salinimonas (93.0-94.4 %), Aestuariibacter (92.0-94.2 %), Alteromonas (92.0-93.6 %) and Lacimicrobium (93.6 %). In the phylogenetic trees, strain HMF8227^T formed an independent clade with Lacimicrobium alkaliphilum X13M-12^T. The major fatty acids were C_16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1 ω7c and/or C_16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18 : 1 ω7c and/or C_18 : 1 ω6c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.1 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic characterizations, strain HMF8227^T represents a novel species and genus within the family Alteromonadaceae, for which the name Saliniradius amylolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being HMF8227^T (=KCTC 62462^T =NBRC 113230^T).