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Munteanu IR, Luca RE, Hogea E, Erdelyi RA, Duma VF, Marsavina L, Globasu AL, Constantin GD, Todea DC. Microbiological and Imaging-Based Evaluations of Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Er:YAG Laser Therapy in the In Vitro Decontamination of Titanium and Zirconia Surfaces. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1345. [PMID: 39065113 PMCID: PMC11278944 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity's soft and hard tissues create a conducive environment for microbial proliferation and biofilm development, facilitating the colonization of prosthodontic and implant materials such as titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zr). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of conventional decontamination methodologies (i.e., chemical and mechanical, using 0.12% digluconate chlorhexidine (CHX) solution-treatment and airflow) to adjunctive laser-based interventions on Ti and Zr substrates inoculated with Staphylococcus (S.) aureus ATCC 25923. Additionally, this investigation sought to elucidate the impact of these treatments on temperature variations and surface integrity, analyzing the laser irradiation effects on these prevalent dental materials. Experimental configurations were delineated for both Ti and Zr samples across four groups: (1) a conventional treatment group (CV); (2) a photodynamic therapy group (PDT); (3) an Er:YAG laser treatment group (Er); (4) a combined PDT and Er:YAG treatment group (PDTEr). Also, a negative control group (C) that received no treatment was considered. The decontamination of the inoculated disc samples was evaluated by quantifying the microbial colonies in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Temperature variations on the surface of the samples were determined during laser treatments. Surface modifications were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For statistical analysis, Fisher 95% confidence intervals, Hsu's MCB method, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. With regard to the 105 CFU/mL of the negative control group, results indicated average values equal for each study group to (1) 2.66 CFU/mL for Ti and 2 CFU/mL for Zr for the CV group; (2) 0.33 CFU/mL for Ti and 1 CFU/mL for Zr for the PDT group; (3) 1.25 CFU/mL for Ti and 0 CFU/mL for Zr for the Er group; (4), and 0 CFU/mL for both Ti and Zr for the PDTEr group. Therefore, the combined PDT and Er:YAG treatment (PDTEr) and the singular PDT modality outperformed conventional decontamination methods in eradicating S. aureus biofilms from both Ti and Zr surfaces. Notably, the PDTEr regime achieved a comprehensive elimination of microbial colonies on treated substrates. Surface examination employing OCT demonstrated discernible alterations in the surface morphology of samples subjected to Er:YAG and combined PDT and Er:YAG treatments. Temperature checks during treatments showed no major changes, suggesting the applied laser methods are safe. In conclusion, PDTEr and PDT eliminated bacteria more effectively, but Zr surfaces were more resilient, making them better for microbe-controlling applications. Also, the study demonstrated that the (less costly but lower resolution) OCT method can replace SEM for such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Roxana Munteanu
- University Clinic of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-R.M.); (D.C.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Elena Luca
- University Clinic of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-R.M.); (D.C.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Hogea
- Department XIV, Discipline of Microbiology-Virology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ralph-Alexandru Erdelyi
- Department of Measurements and Optical Electronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Polytechnic University Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Virgil-Florin Duma
- Department of Measurements and Optical Electronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Polytechnic University Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center of Research and Development for Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- 3OM Optomechatronics Group, Faculty of Engineering, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 310177 Arad, Romania
| | - Liviu Marsavina
- Department of Mechanics and Strength of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University Timisoara, 300222 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Amelia-Larisa Globasu
- University Clinic of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - George-Dumitru Constantin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Clinical Skills, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Advanced Cardiology and Hemostaseology Research Center, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Darinca Carmen Todea
- University Clinic of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-R.M.); (D.C.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
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Omran BA, Tseng BS, Baek KH. Nanocomposites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: Recent advances, challenges, and future prospects. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127656. [PMID: 38432017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening and persistent infections in immunocompromised patients. It is the culprit behind a variety of hospital-acquired infections owing to its multiple tolerance mechanisms against antibiotics and disinfectants. Biofilms are sessile microbial aggregates that are formed as a result of the cooperation and competition between microbial cells encased in a self-produced matrix comprised of extracellular polymeric constituents that trigger surface adhesion and microbial aggregation. Bacteria in biofilms exhibit unique features that are quite different from planktonic bacteria, such as high resistance to antibacterial agents and host immunity. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa are difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive resistance mechanisms. Consequently, innovative approaches to combat biofilms are the focus of the current research. Nanocomposites, composed of two or more different types of nanoparticles, have diverse therapeutic applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. They are emerging multifunctional nanoformulations that combine the desired features of the different elements to obtain the highest functionality. This review assesses the recent advances of nanocomposites, including metal-, metal oxide-, polymer-, carbon-, hydrogel/cryogel-, and metal organic framework-based nanocomposites for the eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms. The characteristics and virulence mechanisms of P. aeruginosa biofilms, as well as their devastating impact and economic burden are discussed. Future research addressing the potential use of nanocomposites as innovative anti-biofilm agents is emphasized. Utilization of nanocomposites safely and effectively should be further strengthened to confirm the safety aspects of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), PO 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boo Shan Tseng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Xu W, Fang Y, Zhu K. Enterococci facilitate polymicrobial infections. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:162-177. [PMID: 37550091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous members of the gut microbiota in human beings and animals and are among the most important nosocomial organisms. Due to their opportunistic pathogenicity, enterococci are referred to as pathobionts and play decisive roles in a diverse array of polymicrobial infections. Enterococci can promote the colonization, pathogenesis, and persistence of various pathogens, compromise the efficacy of drugs, and pose a severe threat to public health. Most current treatments tend to focus on the sole pathogenic bacteria, with insufficient attention to the driving role of enterococci. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of enterococci in infections, the factors facilitating their outgrowth, as well as the sites and types of enterococci-associated polymicrobial infections. We present an overview of the underlying mechanisms of enterococci-mediated pathogenesis in polymicrobial infections. Furthermore, we discuss alternative strategies and potential intervention approaches to restrict such infections, shedding light on the discovery and development of new therapies against polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative Drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuwen Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative Drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative Drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ucuncu MY, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G, Ucuncu MK, Erelel M, Gokce YB. A comparative evaluation of the effects of respiratory diseases on dental caries. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:13. [PMID: 38172821 PMCID: PMC10765908 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of patients suffering from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to dental caries by analyzing the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of saliva, which are influenced by the medications they use. METHODS A cohort of 104 individuals, spanning from 18 to 70 years of age, underwent a meticulous categorization based on their unique medical profiles and prescribed medication routines. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to elucidate potential risk factors associated with dental caries. Alongside the assessment of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index), decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS index), and Green and Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (G&V OHI-S) values, measurements were performed to gauge salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and the presence of S. mutans, L. casei, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The acquired data were then inputted into the Cariogram software, enabling the derivation of personalized caries risk profiles for each individual. RESULTS The diseased group exhibited significantly elevated levels of DMFT, DMFS, and G&V OHI-S values in comparison to the control group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the caries risk levels derived from the Cariogram were found to be significantly higher in patients diagnosed with asthma and COPD (p < 0.01). Notably, no substantial distinction was observed between these two experimental groups. Furthermore, it was discerned that COPD patients utilizing two or three distinct medications did not display any discernible variation in terms of their susceptibility to dental caries (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Asthma and COPD patients exhibit an increased susceptibility to dental caries as a result of their medication regimens. Hence, it is highly advisable for these individuals to demonstrate heightened vigilance in terms of oral hygiene practices and seek regular dental check-ups for continuous monitoring and preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yildirim Ucuncu
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Deparment of Basic Medical Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Deparment of Basic Medical Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Musa Kazim Ucuncu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erelel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Benderli Gokce
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ghaffarpour M, Karami‐Zarandi M, Rahdar HA, Feyisa SG, Taki E. Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non-surgical therapeutic approaches. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25002. [PMID: 38254289 PMCID: PMC10829694 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs. AIM The aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non-surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non-surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS. RESULTS Due to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION So, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non-surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Ghaffarpour
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Morteza Karami‐Zarandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineIranshahr University of Medical SciencesIranshahrIran
| | - Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
- Department of Medical LaboratorySalale University College of Health SciencesFicheEthiopia
| | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Espíndola LCP, Oliveira AMD, Masterson D, Maia LC, Souto RMD. Prevalence of Enterococcus species in adults with periodontal health or with periodontitis: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e019. [PMID: 37531510 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus species in the mouth of adults with periodontal health and periodontitis. A systematic search was made in databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The search for articles was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science databases and in the System of Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SINGLE) and included articles published in English up to April 25th, 2021. Observational studies in humans with and without periodontitis were evaluated to identify the prevalence of Enterococcus species. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified to determine the quality rating in good, fair, and poor. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction in reviews. The study design, sample size, demographic data, periodontal clinical parameters, microbial analysis method, biological sample, prevalence of Enterococcus spp., and correlations with periodontal clinical parameters were assessed. After screening and full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. All selected studies showed a significantly higher prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy patients. Thus, the present systematic review suggests that the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in the mouth of periodontitis individuals is higher than that of periodontally healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Miranda de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Dental School, Department of Dental Clinic, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Masterson
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Central Library of the Health Science Center, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Martins do Souto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Qu S, Yu S, Ma X, Wang R. "Medicine food homology" plants promote periodontal health: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of bone resorption. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1193289. [PMID: 37396128 PMCID: PMC10307967 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1193289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
"Medicine food homology" (MFH) is a term with a lengthy history. It refers to the fact that a lot of traditional natural products have both culinary and therapeutic benefits. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of MFH plants and their secondary metabolites have been confirmed by numerous research. A bacterially generated inflammatory illness with a complicated pathophysiology, periodontitis causes the loss of the teeth's supporting tissues. Several MFH plants have recently been shown to have the ability to prevent and treat periodontitis, which is exhibited by blocking the disease's pathogens and the virulence factors that go along with them, lowering the host's inflammatory reactions and halting the loss of alveolar bone. To give a theoretical foundation for the creation of functional foods, oral care products and adjuvant therapies, this review has especially explored the potential medicinal benefit of MFH plants and their secondary metabolites in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Qu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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Viksne R, Racenis K, Broks R, Balode AO, Kise L, Kroica J. In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020258. [PMID: 36838220 PMCID: PMC9961825 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tonsillar crypts can be considered a reservoir for a variety of bacterial species. Some bacterial species can be considered part of the normal oropharyngeal microbiota. The roles of other pathogens, for example, the so-called non-oral and respiratory pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp., which have strong virulence factors, biofilm production capacity, and the ability to initiate infectious diseases, are unclear. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. within the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and to analyze the pathogens' biofilm production and antibacterial resistances. RESULTS Only common oropharyngeal microbiota were cultivated from 37 participant samples (40.7%). The most commonly isolated pathogenic bacterium was S. aureus, which was isolated in 41 (45%) participant samples. K. pneumoniae was isolated in seven (7.7%) samples, Acinetobacter spp. were isolated in five (5.5%) samples, and P. aeruginosa was isolated in two (2.2%) samples. Biofilm producers predominated among the pathogenic bacteria; 51 strains were biofilm producers, and among them, 31 strains were moderate or strong biofilm producers. The tested S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin). One of the isolated S. aureus strains was MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm is a commonly observed feature that seems to be a naturally existing form of pathogenic bacteria colonizing human tissue. S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. occasionally occur in the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and, therefore, it is most likely that S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. in opportunistic tonsillar infections originate from the tonsillar crypt microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Viksne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Daugavpils Regional Hospital, LV-5401 Daugavpils, Latvia
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-28471191
| | - Karlis Racenis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Center of Nephrology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renars Broks
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arta Olga Balode
- Department of Microbiology, NMS Laboratory, LV-1039 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ligija Kise
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juta Kroica
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Sun Y, Wen M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jing P, Gu Z, Jiang T, Wang W. The human microbiome: A promising target for lung cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091165. [PMID: 36817461 PMCID: PMC9936316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and insights into its underlying mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The microbiome plays an important role in human health, and is also responsible for the initiation and progression of lung cancer through its induction of inflammatory responses and participation in immune regulation, as well as for its role in the generation of metabolic disorders and genotoxicity. Here, the distribution of human microflora along with its biological functions, the relationship between the microbiome and clinical characteristics, and the role of the microbiome in clinical treatment of lung cancer were comprehensively reviewed. This review provides a basis for the current understanding of lung cancer mechanisms with a focus on the microbiome, and contributes to future decisions on treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengyu Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongping Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenchen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhao W, Lin D, Deng S, Wang S, Guo Y, Yang J, Shi X, Zhou H. Synergistic Efficacy of Plaque Control with Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection on Erosive Non-Gingival Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13787. [PMID: 36360666 PMCID: PMC9655481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first time to assess the synergistic efficacy and safety of plaque control on erosive non-gingival oral lichen planus (OLP). A randomized, controlled, clinical trial with blind evaluation was designed, and 48 OLP patients with erosive non-gingival OLP lesions were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 25, receiving intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, periodontal scaling, and oral hygiene instruction) and the control group (n = 23, only receiving intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection) once a week for 2 weeks. Erosion size, pain level, plaque index, and community periodontal index were measured at every visit. Patients cured of erosion were followed up for 3 months to evaluate the recurrence rate. Adverse reactions were also recorded. At day 14 ± 2, the experimental group showed a higher completely healed percentage of erosion, a greater reduction of erosion size and pain level. However, no significant difference was observed in the recurrence rate. No participants had any severe adverse reactions. In conclusion, an improvement was observed in patients with plaque control, and future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to reinforce the external validity of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Duanxian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Enterococcus faecalis Antagonizes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth in Mixed-Species Interactions. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0061521. [PMID: 35758750 PMCID: PMC9295543 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00615-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is often coisolated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in polymicrobial biofilm-associated infections of wounds and the urinary tract. As a defense strategy, the host innately restricts iron availability at infection sites. Despite their coprevalence, the polymicrobial interactions of these two species in biofilms and under iron-restricted conditions remain unexplored. Here, we show that E. faecalis inhibits P. aeruginosa growth within biofilms when iron is restricted. E. faecalis lactate dehydrogenase (ldh1) gives rise to l-lactate production during fermentative growth. We find that an E. faecalis ldh1 mutant fails to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth. Additionally, we demonstrate that ldh1 expression is induced under iron-restricted conditions, resulting in increased lactic acid exported and, consequently, a reduction in local environmental pH. Together, our results suggest that E. faecalis synergistically inhibits P. aeruginosa growth by decreasing environmental pH and l-lactate-mediated iron chelation. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of the microenvironment in polymicrobial interactions and how manipulating the microenvironment can impact the growth trajectory of bacterial communities. IMPORTANCE Many infections are polymicrobial and biofilm-associated in nature. Iron is essential for many metabolic processes and plays an important role in controlling infections, where the host restricts iron as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens. However, polymicrobial interactions between pathogens are underexplored under iron-restricted conditions. Here, we explore the polymicrobial interactions between commonly coisolated E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa within biofilms. We find that E. faecalis modulates the microenvironment by exporting lactic acid which further chelates already limited iron and also lowers the environmental pH to antagonize P. aeruginosa growth under iron-restricted conditions. Our findings provide insights into polymicrobial interactions between bacteria and how manipulating the microenvironment can be taken advantage of to better control infections.
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12
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Dong J, Li W, Wang Q, Chen J, Zu Y, Zhou X, Guo Q. Relationships Between Oral Microecosystem and Respiratory Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:718222. [PMID: 35071321 PMCID: PMC8767498 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.718222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microecosystem is a very complicated ecosystem that is located in the mouth and comprises oral microbiome, diverse anatomic structures of oral cavity, saliva and interactions between oral microbiota and between oral microbiota and the host. More and more evidence from studies of epidemiology, microbiology and molecular biology is establishing a significant link between oral microecosystem and respiratory diseases. Microbiota settling down in oral microecosystem is known as the main source of lung microbiome and has been associated with the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases like pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis lung disease and asthma. In fact, it is not only indigenous oral microbes promote or directly cause respiratory infection and inflammation when inhaled into the lower respiratory tract, but also internal environment of oral microecosystem serves as a reservoir for opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Moreover, poor oral health and oral diseases caused by oral microecological dysbiosis (especially periodontal disease) are related with risk of multiple respiratory diseases. Here, we review the research status on the respiratory diseases related with oral microecosystem. Potential mechanisms on how respiratory pathogens colonize oral microecosystem and the role of indigenous oral microbes in pathogenesis of respiratory diseases are also summarized and analyzed. Given the importance of oral plaque control and oral health interventions in controlling or preventing respiratory infection and diseases, we also summarize the oral health management measures and attentions, not only for populations susceptible to respiratory infection like the elderly and hospitalized patients, but also for dentist or oral hygienists who undertake oral health care. In conclusion, the relationship between respiratory diseases and oral microecosystem has been established and supported by growing body of literature. However, etiological evidence on the role of oral microecosystem in the development of respiratory diseases is still insufficient. Further detailed studies focusing on specific mechanisms on how oral microecosystem participate in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases could be helpful to prevent and treat respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Cendra MDM, Torrents E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and their partners in crime. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107734. [PMID: 33785375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and the capacity of the bacterium to coexist and interact with a broad range of microorganisms have a substantial clinical impact. This review focuses on the main traits of P. aeruginosa biofilms, such as the structural composition and regulatory networks involved, placing particular emphasis on the clinical challenges they represent in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm infection clearance. Furthermore, the ability of P. aeruginosa to grow together with other microorganisms is a significant pathogenic attribute with clinical relevance; hence, the main microbial interactions of Pseudomonas are especially highlighted and detailed throughout this review. This article also explores the infections caused by single and polymicrobial biofilms of P. aeruginosa and the current models used to recreate them under laboratory conditions. Finally, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm strategies developed against P. aeruginosa mono and multispecies biofilms are detailed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Cendra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Espíndola LCP, do Nascimento MVMR, do Souto RM, Colombo APV. Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of Enterococcus spp. isolated from periodontitis-associated subgingival biofilm. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1588-1600. [PMID: 33650677 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the prevalence, virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci isolated from the subgingival microbiota of patients with different periodontal status. METHODS Subgingival biofilm was obtained from individuals with periodontal health (PH) (n = 139), gingivitis (n = 103), and periodontitis (n = 305) and cultivated on selective media. Isolated strains were identified by mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion, virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction, and the subgingival microbiota by checkerboard. Differences among groups were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests. RESULTS Enterococcus spp. were isolated from 7.4% of all samples; 53.7% were Enterococcus faecalis. They were more prevalent in periodontitis (9.8%) and gingivitis (7.8%) than PH (2.2%; P <0.05), but no differences among stages of disease severity were observed. High rates of low susceptibility/resistance (>64%) to at least one antimicrobial were observed. Predominant virulence factors included ace (64.3%), asa (39.3%), and esp (35.7%). Fusobacterium nucleatum was prevalent in the subgingival microbiota of enterococci+ individuals, whereas Dialister pneumosintes was found in low frequency in patients with bopD+ enterococci. Oral streptococci were prevalent (>70%) in patients carrying enterococci susceptible to doxycycline (P <0.05), usually bopD- and esp- (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS E. faecalis is increased in periodontitis-associated biofilm. Oral enterococci carry virulence genes and express resistance to some antibiotics commonly used in dentistry, such as ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Specific subgingival taxa are associated with oral enterococci, suggesting they may interact with species of the dysbiotic periodontitis biofilm, constituting a potential source of factors to tissue destruction, antibiotic resistance dissemination, and poor response to periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Christina P Espíndola
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius M R do Nascimento
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata M do Souto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Colombo
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Ansiliero R, Gelinski JMLN, Samistraro QL, Baratto CM, Almeida CA, Locatelli C. Pathogenic Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Associated with Periodontitis. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:55-65. [PMID: 33505093 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Phenotyping based on conventional microbiological, physiological, and molecular analysis by using ARDRA technique was developed with the aim to assess the pathogenic microbial load associated with different stages of the periodontal disease. In addition, in the face of the global issue of antimicrobial resistance, the isolated bacterial strains were evaluated for their antibiotic susceptibility profile. The pathogenic bacterial community was predominantly of Gram-negative strains (66.66%). The most common species were Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus sp., Raoutella sp., Klebsiella ozaenae and Pseudomonas sp. However, except for the healthy control group, Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from all stages of periodontitis. Multidrug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was observed for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Raoutella sp. and Enterococcus avium. Here, we verify a statistically significant relationship between periodontitis stages and the diversity of the bacterial community. Patients with periodontitis showed a more diverse and numerous bacterial community compared to healthy patients. In this sense, we reinforce that biofilms that harbour multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major concern in relation to restoring patient health. Thus, prophylactic measures for maintaining oral health are still the best option for reduce the risk of disease. Graphic Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ansiliero
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560000 Brazil
| | - J M L N Gelinski
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560000 Brazil
| | - Q L Samistraro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560000 Brazil
| | - C M Baratto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560000 Brazil
| | - C A Almeida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560000 Brazil
| | - C Locatelli
- Health Sciences, Uniarp, Caçador, Santa Catarina Brazil
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16
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Willis JR, Iraola-Guzmán S, Saus E, Ksiezopolska E, Cozzuto L, Bejarano LA, Andreu-Somavilla N, Alloza-Trabado M, Puig-Sola A, Blanco A, Broglio E, Carolis C, Hecht J, Ponomarenko J, Gabaldón T. Oral microbiome in down syndrome and its implications on oral health. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1865690. [PMID: 33456723 PMCID: PMC7782466 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1865690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The oral cavity harbors an abundant and diverse microbial community (i.e. the microbiome), whose composition and roles in health and disease have been the focus of intense research. Down syndrome (DS) is associated with particular characteristics in the oral cavity, and with a lower incidence of caries and higher incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis compared to control populations. However, the overall composition of the oral microbiome in DS and how it varies with diverse factors like host age or the pH within the mouth are still poorly understood. Methods: Using a Citizen-Science approach in collaboration with DS associations in Spain, we performed 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing, combined with culture and proteomics-based identification of fungi to survey the bacterial and fungal oral microbiome in 27 DS persons (age range 7–55) and control samples matched by geographical distribution, age range, and gender. Results: We found that DS is associated with low salivary pH and less diverse oral microbiomes, which were characterized by lower levels of Alloprevotella, Atopobium, Candidatus Saccharimonas, and higher amounts of Kingella, Staphylococcus, Gemella, Cardiobacterium, Rothia, Actinobacillus, and greater prevalence of Candida. Conclusion: Altogether, our study provides a first global snapshot of the oral microbiome in DS. Future studies are required to establish whether the observed differences are related to differential pathology in the oral cavity in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewa Ksiezopolska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A Bejarano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andreu-Somavilla
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Alloza-Trabado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Sola
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Broglio
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Guo J, Wang Z, Weng Y, Yuan H, Yoshida K, Ikegame M, Uchibe K, Kamioka H, Ochiai K, Okamura H, Qiu L. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone regulates osteoblast apoptosis and differentiation by mediating intracellular calcium. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109740. [PMID: 32818672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is associated with periapical periodontitis. The lesions are characterized by a disorder in osteoblast metabolism. Quorum sensing molecular N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (AHL) is secreted by P. aeruginosa and governs the expression of numerous virulence factors. AHL can trigger intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) fluctuations in many host cells. However, it is unclear whether AHL can regulate osteoblast metabolism by affecting [Ca2+]i changes or its spatial correlation. We explored AHL-induced apoptosis and differentiation in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and evaluated [Ca2+]i mobilization using several extraction methods. The spatial distribution pattern of [Ca2+]i among cells was investigated by Moran's I, an index of spatial autocorrelation. We found that 30 μM and 50 μM AHL triggered opposing osteoblast fates. At 50 μM, AHL inhibited osteoblast differentiation by promoting mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and negatively regulating osteogenic marker genes, including Runx2, Osterix, bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and osteocalcin (OCN). In contrast, prolonged treatment with 30 μM AHL promoted osteoblast differentiation concomitantly with cell apoptosis. The elevation of [Ca2+]i levels in osteoblasts treated with 50 μM AHL was spatially autocorrelated, while no such phenomenon was observed in 30 μM AHL-treated osteoblasts. The blocking of cell-to-cell spatial autocorrelation in the osteoblasts provoked by 50 μM AHL significantly inhibited apoptosis and partially restored differentiation. Our observations suggest that AHL affects the fate of osteoblasts (apoptosis and differentiation) by affecting the spatial correlation of [Ca2+]i changes. Thus, AHL acts as a double-edged sword for osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China; Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haoze Yuan
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchibe
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Lihong Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
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18
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Iurovschi R, Joaquim CR, de Faveri M, de Miranda TS, Feres M, de Figueiredo LC. Evaluation of the Microbiological Profile of Alveolar Residual Screws and Cleft-Adjacent Teeth in Individuals With Complete Unilateral Fissures. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 57:1182-1189. [PMID: 32748644 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620945568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the microbiota profile of residual alveolar slits and teeth adjacent to the cleft in fissured individuals. DESIGNS This study used a cross-sectional design. PARTICIPANTS Twenty individuals, aged 14 to 24 years, who had a residual fissure in the maxillary alveolar ridge region were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Three sites per individual were selected for microbiological collection (the site of the residual cleft and the 2 nearest teeth). The samples were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for 73 species of bacteria. RESULTS All the species analyzed were found in the 2 niches (slits and teeth). The bacterial species present in the largest number in the residual cracks were Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, and Streptococcus mitis. With regard to the bacterial profiles in the mesial and distal faces, the most prevalent species were P nigrescens, Veillonella parvula, and Fusobacterium nucleatum sp vicentii. The analysis of all the collected samples demonstrated very similar profiles for the mesial and distal faces, with these 2 sites even presenting the same species in greater frequencies. Higher counts of 20 bacterial species (Wilcoxon test) were observed in the dental niche, in relation to the fissure, particularly, P nigrescens, V parvula, F nucleatum sp vicentii, and Neisseria mucosa. CONCLUSION Some species were significantly more prevalent in the residual alveolar fissures and in adjacent teeth. The comparison between the profiles of the 2 niches demonstrated large differences in the most frequent species in the teeth, and no qualitative differences with regard to specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Iurovschi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Joaquim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
Mucus is thought to serve as a protective coating on wet epithelial surfaces. Recent research has shown that glycans, which are branched sugar molecules found in mucin, a part of mucus, can prevent bacteria from communicating with each other and forming biofilms. This could hinder microbes from causing infections. The present editorial, focusing on a paper by Wheeler et al. [1], published in October 2019 in Nature Microbiology, describes how mucus can attenuate the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, streptococci and Candida albicans can be ‘tamed’ by mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Dai L, Qiao J, Yin J, Goldstein A, Lin HY, Post SR, Qin Z. Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection in Oral Cavities of HIV-Positive Patients: A Unique Niche for Oncogenic Virus Lytic Reactivation. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:1331-1341. [PMID: 31111897 PMCID: PMC7325796 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectively, viruses are the principal cause of cancers arising in patients with immune dysfunction, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) etiologically linked to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) continues to be the most common AIDS-associated tumor. The involvement of the oral cavity represents one of the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. HIV infection incurs an increased risk among individuals with periodontal diseases and oral carriage of a variety of pathogenic bacteria. However, whether interactions involving periodontal bacteria and oncogenic viruses in the local environment facilitate replication or maintenance of these viruses in the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients remain largely unknown. We previously showed that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from specific periodontal bacteria promoted KSHV entry into oral cells and subsequent establishment of latency. In the current study, we demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus, one of common pathogens causing infection in HIV-positive patients, and its PAMPs can effectively induce KSHV lytic reactivation from infected oral cells, through the Toll-like receptor reactive oxygen species and cyclin D1-Dicer-viral microRNA axis. This investigation provides further clinical evidence about the relevance of coinfection due to these 2 pathogens in the oral cavities of a cohort HIV-positive patients and reveals novel mechanisms through which these coinfecting pathogens potentially promote virus-associated cancer development in the unique niche of immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Alana Goldstein
- Departments of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, New Orleans
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Steven R Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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21
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Guo J, Yoshida K, Ikegame M, Okamura H. Quorum sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone: An all-rounder in mammalian cell modification. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:16-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Alagl AS, Madi M, Bedi S, Al Onaizan F, Al-Aql ZS. The Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Laser Applications on Dental Implant Surfaces Contaminated with Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2073. [PMID: 31252629 PMCID: PMC6651164 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of peri-implantitis through several implant surface decontamination techniques have been reported, however, some of them can negatively alter the implant surface or enhance more bacterial resistance. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate implant surface decontamination by means of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers. Fifty micro-textured (MTX) dental implants were contaminated with Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25) and with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25). All implants were then divided into five groups for the decontamination procedure. In group I (GI), decontamination was done with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm), while in group II (GII) decontamination was performed using photodynamic therapy (a 650 nm diode laser). In Group III (GIII) decontamination was performed with photodynamic therapy (an 808 nm diode laser), and in group IV (GIV) decontamination was performed with 0.12% chlorhexidine. Group V (GV) was the control group with no decontamination. After decontamination, colony forming units (CFU) were counted and implants were prepared for SEM analysis. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed for GI compared to the other groups, and also for GIV compared to both GII and GIII. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (GI) showed the best results in decontaminating the implant surface. Chlorhexidine (GIV), proved to be better in decontaminating the implant surface than photodynamic therapy GII and diode laser GIII. No significant difference was found between group GII and GIII. The SEM analysis showed no significant change in the implant surface topography. The results of this study suggest that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be considered as an effective technique for reducing bacteria contamination on implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S Alagl
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumit Bedi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al Onaizan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab S Al-Aql
- Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
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Rossoni RD, Ribeiro FDC, dos Santos HFS, dos Santos JD, Oliveira NDS, Dutra MTDS, de Lapena SAB, Junqueira JC. Galleria mellonella as an experimental model to study human oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Cui X, Liu J, Xiao W, Chu Y, Ouyang X. Subgingival microbiome in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:92-99. [PMID: 30909081 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to profile the subgingival microbiome of Chinese adults with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) using human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM), and to compare the results with matched periodontal healthy controls. DESIGN 15 subjects with GAgP and 15 age- and gender- matched periodontal healthy controls were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest pockets of patients with GAgP and matched sites in controls and then analyzed by 16S rRNA-based microarrays. Student's paired t-test was used to compare clinical parameters and mean number of bacterial taxa detected between the two groups. Fisher's exact probability test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum were used to compare bacterial species between all samples. A multiple linear regression model was used for correlations among age, gender and bacterial with clinical parameters. RESULTS From a total sum of 379 strains tested, 171 bacterial strains were detected from subgingival plaques of the GAgP patients, more than the 157 strains detected in control group. Mean number of subgingival bacterial taxa detected in GAgP group was 68 (SD = 21.06) while in control group was 45 (SD = 21.60). 47 bacterial taxa were detected more frequently in GAgP group while 12 taxa were more prevalent in control group. The significantly more prevalent and abundant taxa of bacteria in GAgP group included Filifactor alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromon as endodontalis, Peptostreptococcaceae spp., Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum and Eubacterium saphenum. Meanwhile the more abundant taxa in control group were Streptococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS There are more taxa of bacteria in subgingival plaques of Chinese patients with GAgP than in healthy controls. F. alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., P. gingivalis and T. forsythia are strongly associated with GAgP. High-throughout microbiological results may help dentists have a better understanding of subgingival microbiome of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Cui
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmei Xiao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Al-Hashedi AA, Laurenti M, Amine Mezour M, Basiri T, Touazine H, Jahazi M, Tamimi F. Advanced inorganic nanocomposite for decontaminating titanium dental implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:761-772. [PMID: 30194897 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral hygiene and regular maintenance are crucial for preserving good peri-implant health. However, available prophylaxis products and toothpastes, which are optimized for cleaning teeth, tend to contaminate and abrade implant surfaces due to their organic components and silica microparticles, respectively. This study aims to develop an organic-free implant-paste based on two-dimensional nanocrystalline magnesium phosphate gel and hydrated silica nanoparticles (20-30% w/w) for cleaning oral biofilm on titanium dental implants. The surface chemistry, morphology, and bacterial load of contaminated Ti disks before and after decontamination using prophylaxis brushing with toothpaste and implant-paste were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both commercial toothpastes and implant-paste remove bacteria, however, only implant-paste protects Ti metal from abrasion and removes organic contaminants. XPS showed a significant decrease of carbon contamination from 73% ± 2 to 20% ± 2 after mechanical brushing with implant-paste compared to 41% ± 11 when brushing with commercial toothpastes (p < 0.05). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that bacteria load on biofilm contaminated Ti (44 × 103 ± 27 × 103 /µm2 ) was significantly reduced with the implant-paste to 2 × 103 ± 1 × 102 /µm2 and with a commercial toothpaste to 2.9 × 103 ± 7·102 /µm2 . This decay is relatively higher than the removal achieved using rotary prophylaxis brush alone (5 × 103 ± 1 × 103 /µm2 , p < 0.05). Accordingly, this novel implant-paste shows a great promise as an efficient decontamination approach. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 761-772, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Al-Hashedi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tayebeh Basiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heithem Touazine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Jahazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Arenas Rodrigues VA, de Avila ED, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Qualitative, quantitative and genotypic evaluation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from individuals with different periodontal clinical conditions. Anaerobe 2018; 52:50-58. [PMID: 29857043 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum are strongly associated with periodontitis, and their evaluations are relevant to understand their role in the etiology and progression of periodontal diseases. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum, as well as their genetic diversity, were evaluated in individuals with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy. In addition, the biotyping, serotyping, and prevalence of the ltx and cdt genes in A. actinomycetemcomitans were also determined. Subgingival biofilms obtained from gingivitis (70), periodontitis (75) and healthy (95) individuals were analyzed by cultures and PCR. Bacterial typing and presence of ltx and cdt genes in A. actinomycetemcomitans were also verified. DNA from A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum was detected respectively, in 65.7% and 57.1% of gingivitis, 80% and 68% of periodontitis, and 57.8% and 37.8% of healthy. A. actinomycetemcomitans from gingivitis were biotypes I, II, IV, V, and X, and serotypes a, c, and e. In periodontitis, biotypes II, VI, and X, and serotypes a, b, and c were found. In healthy subjects, biotypes II and X, and serotypes b and c were found. The LTX and ltxA were observed in strains from gingivitis and periodontitis pockets. Subsequently, our data also showed no direct relationship between ltxA gene expression and leukotoxin gene 530-bp presence. On the other hand, cdt gene predominated during the inflammatory disease process. Our results strongly support a role of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum in advanced stage of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Aparecida Arenas Rodrigues
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaita, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Lee K, Pletcher SD, Lynch SV, Goldberg AN, Cope EK. Heterogeneity of Microbiota Dysbiosis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Potential Clinical Implications and Microbial Community Mechanisms Contributing to Sinonasal Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:168. [PMID: 29876323 PMCID: PMC5974464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies leveraging next-generation sequencing and functional approaches to understand the human microbiota have demonstrated the presence of diverse, niche-specific microbial communities at nearly every mucosal surface. These microbes contribute to the development and function of physiologic and immunological features that are key to host health status. Not surprisingly, several chronic inflammatory diseases have been attributed to dysbiosis of microbiota composition or function, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is a heterogeneous disease characterized by inflammation of the sinonasal cavity and mucosal microbiota dysbiosis. Inflammatory phenotypes and bacterial community compositions vary considerably across individuals with CRS, complicating current studies that seek to address causality of a dysbiotic microbiome as a driver or initiator of persistent sinonasal inflammation. Murine models have provided some experimental evidence that alterations in local microbial communities and microbially-produced metabolites influence health status. In this perspective, we will discuss the clinical implications of distinct microbial compositions and community-level functions in CRS and how mucosal microbiota relate to the diverse inflammatory endotypes that are frequently observed. We will also describe specific microbial interactions that can deterministically shape the pattern of co-colonizers and the resulting metabolic products that drive or exacerbate host inflammation. These findings are discussed in the context of CRS-associated inflammation and in other chronic inflammatory diseases that share features observed in CRS. An improved understanding of CRS patient stratification offers the opportunity to personalize therapeutic regimens and to design novel treatments aimed at manipulation of the disease-associated microbiota to restore sinus health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keehoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Steven D Pletcher
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew N Goldberg
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emily K Cope
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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Molecular Determinants of the Thickened Matrix in a Dual-Species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01182-17. [PMID: 28842537 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01182-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities that inhabit various surfaces and are surrounded by extracellular matrices (ECMs). Clinical microbiologists have shown that the majority of chronic infections are caused by biofilms, following the introduction of the first biofilm infection model by J. W. Costerton and colleagues (J. Lam, R. Chan, K. Lam, and J. W. Costerton, Infect Immun 28:546-556, 1980). However, treatments for chronic biofilm infections are still limited to surgical removal of the infected sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis are two frequently identified bacterial species in biofilm infections; nevertheless, the interactions between these two species, especially during biofilm growth, are not clearly understood. In this study, we observed phenotypic changes in a dual-species biofilm of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, including a dramatic increase in biofilm matrix thickness. For clear elucidation of the spatial distribution of the dual-species biofilm, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were labeled with red and green fluorescence, respectively. E. faecalis was located at the lower part of the dual-species biofilm, while P. aeruginosa developed a structured biofilm on the upper part. Mutants with altered exopolysaccharide (EPS) productions were constructed in order to determine the molecular basis for the synergistic effect of the dual-species biofilm. Increased biofilm matrix thickness was associated with EPSs, not extracellular DNA. In particular, Pel and Psl contributed to interspecies and intraspecies interactions, respectively, in the dual-species P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis biofilm. Accordingly, targeting Pel and Psl might be an effective part of eradicating P. aeruginosa polymicrobial biofilms.IMPORTANCE Chronic infection is a serious problem in the medical field. Scientists have observed that chronic infections are closely associated with biofilms, and the vast majority of infection-causing biofilms are polymicrobial. Many studies have reported that microbes in polymicrobial biofilms interact with each other and that the bacterial interactions result in elevated virulence, in terms of factors, such as infectivity and antibiotic resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis are frequently isolated pathogens in chronic biofilm infections. Nevertheless, while both bacteria are known to be agents of numerous nosocomial infections and can cause serious diseases, interactions between the bacteria in biofilms have rarely been examined. In this investigation, we aimed to characterize P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis dual-species biofilms and to determine the molecular factors that cause synergistic effects, especially on the matrix thickening of the biofilm. We suspect that our findings will contribute to the development of more efficient methods for eradicating polymicrobial biofilm infections.
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Kang JH, Kim DJ, Choi BK, Park JW. Inhibition of malodorous gas formation by oral bacteria with cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:133-138. [PMID: 28987726 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial efficacy of zinc- (ZnCl2) and cetylpyridinium-chloride (CPC) and their inhibition capacity on volatile sulfur compound (VSC) production by oral bacterial strains were investigated. DESIGN Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and growth curves were determined for ZnCl2, CPC, and CPC with ZnCl2 solutions against eight oral microorganisms (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) known to be involved in the pathophysiology of both halitosis and periodontal disease. Gas chromatography was applied to measure VSCs (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S) production levels of each strains following exposure to the solutions. RESULTS ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibited growth of all eight strains. ZnCl2 was generally more effective than CPC in suppressing bacterial growth excluding A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia. Synergism between CPC and ZnCl2 was shown in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MIC for CPC was significantly lower than ZnCl2. VSC production was detected in five bacterial strains (A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia). Each bacterial strain showed unique VSCs production profiles. H2S was produced by F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola, CH3SH by all five strains and (CH3)2S by A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola. Production of CH3SH, the most malodorous component among the three major VSCs from mouth air was evident in F. nucleatum and T. forsythia. CONCLUSION Both ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibit bacterial growth causative of halitosis and periodontal disease, resulting in a direct decrease of bacterial VSCs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Kang
- Department of Oral medicine and Orofacial pain, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woon Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Tagliaferri TL, Vieira CD, de Carvalho MAR, Ladeira LCD, Magalhães PP, de Macêdo Farias L, Dos Santos SG. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinically relevant bacteria isolated from dental waste and waste workers' hands, mucosas and coats. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:306-312. [PMID: 28712134 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious wastes are potential sources of pathogenic micro-organisms, which may represent a risk to the professionals who manage them. In this study, we aimed to characterize the infectious bacteria present in dental waste and waste workers. The dental waste produced over 24 h was collected and waste workers were sampled by swabbing. Isolate resistance profiles were characterized by Vitek® and PCR and biofilm formation by Congo Red agar, string test and microtitre assay. To assess similarity between the waste and the workers' samples, a random amplified polymorphic DNA test was used. Twenty-eight bacteria were identified as clinically relevant. The most frequent gene was blaTEM present in five Gram-negative micro-organisms, and one blaSHV in Klebsiella pneumoniae. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa were positive to extracellular polymeric substances formation, except one isolated from a worker. Klebsiella pneumoniae had negative results for the string test. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed better adherence at 25°C after 48 h of incubation and K. pneumonia had the best biofilm formation at the same temperature, after 24 h. The similarity between P. aeruginosa recovered from dental waste and from workers was low, however, it is important to note that a pathogen was found on a worker's hands and that improvements in biosafety are required. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Infectious dental waste can contain clinically relevant bacteria with important resistance and biofilm profiles. These micro-organisms could be transmitted to waste workers, other professionals and patients if the principles of biosafety measures are neglected. To our knowledge, no study has ever evaluated the microbial characterization and the potential contamination risk of dental infectious waste and waste handlers. The presence of clinically relevant bacteria in the hands and nasal mucosa of waste workers highlights the need for studies in this field to clarify the risk of these pathogens in dental healthcare services, and to stress the need for an efficient waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Tagliaferri
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - C D Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M A R de Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L C D Ladeira
- Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - P P Magalhães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L de Macêdo Farias
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S G Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Grdović N, Rajić J, Petrović SM, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Mihailović M, Jovanović JA, Tolić A, Pucar A, Milašin J, Vidaković M. Association of CXCL12 gene promoter methylation with periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:124-133. [PMID: 27580404 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CXCL12 is widely expressed, constitutive chemokine involved in tissue repair and regeneration, while the extent of its expression is important in various chronic inflammatory conditions. Involvement of DNA methylation in CXCL12 gene suppression (CXCL12) has been shown in malignancy and some autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the alterations in DNA methylation of CXCL12 are also involved in progression of periodontitis in combination with diabetes, as these chronic inflammatory conditions are strongly interrelated. DESIGN Study included 72 subjects divided in three groups: healthy control (C, n=21), periodontitis (P, n=29) and diabetes/periodontitis group (D/P, n=22). DNA extracted from epithelial cells obtained by sterile cotton swabs from buccal mucosa was subjected to methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) to obtain DNA methylation pattern of CXCL12 promoter. RESULTS CXCL12 promoter was predominantly unmethylated in all groups. However, increase in the frequency of the methylated form and increase in percent of methylation of CXCL12 promoter in periodontitis and diabetes/periodontitis group compared to control group were found, although without statistical significance. However, statistically significant increase in Tm of MSP products in diabetes/periodontitis group was observed. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant relationship between the extent of DNA methylation of the CXCL12 promoter and periodontal parameters, as well as between DNA methylation of CXCL12 and glycosylated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION Presented results suggest that chronic inflammation contributes to the change of CXCL12 DNA methylation in buccal cells and that DNA methylation profile of CXCL12 promoter plays important role in development and progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Grdović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Rajić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić Petrović
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pucar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milašin
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Al-Hashedi AA, Laurenti M, Abdallah MN, Albuquerque RF, Tamimi F. Electrochemical Treatment of Contaminated Titanium Surfaces in Vitro: An Approach for Implant Surface Decontamination. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1504-1518. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Ali Al-Hashedi
- Faculty
of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department
of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Wadi Dhaher Road, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Séneca,
2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed-Nur Abdallah
- Faculty
of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Rubens F. Albuquerque
- Faculty
of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 253 Avenida Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz, 109 Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty
of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
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Al-Hashedi AA, Laurenti M, Benhamou V, Tamimi F. Decontamination of titanium implants using physical methods. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:1013-1021. [PMID: 27392811 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current decontamination methods of titanium (Ti) implant present limited success in achieving predictable re-osseointegration. We hypothesized that even though these techniques could be useful in elimination of bacteria, they might be unsuccessful in removing organic contaminants and restoring the original surface composition. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four decontamination methods on the surface chemistry and bacterial load of biofilm-contaminated implant surfaces in order to improve implant surface decontamination. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ability of clinically available methods such as metal and plastic curettes, Ti brushes and Er: YAG laser to decontaminate Ti implant surfaces was assessed. Surface morphology, chemical composition and properties of machined Ti discs (Ø 5.0 and 1.0 mm thick) were analysed before and after oral biofilm contamination using scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence and viability of bacteria were evaluated with live-dead assays. RESULTS Biofilm contamination created an organic layer rich in hydrocarbons and bacteria that covered entirely the Ti surfaces. This organic layer has tightly adhered to Ti surfaces and could not be completely removed with any of the methods assessed. Ti brushes achieved greater elimination of organic contaminants and bacteria than curettes and Er: YAG laser; however, none of them was able to restore the original surface chemistry. Alternatively, Er: YAG laser-treated surfaces showed the lowest live-to-dead bacterial ratio. CONCLUSIONS Ti brushes were more effective than curettes (metal or plastic) and Er: YAG laser in decontaminating Ti implant surfaces, although none of these techniques was able to completely eliminate surface contamination. Er: YAG laser was more effective than curettes and Ti brushes in killing the biofilm bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Al-Hashedi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Plotkin BJ, Sigar IM, Tiwari V, Halkyard S. Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27501265 DOI: 10.3791/54162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of polymicrobial interactions across the taxonomic kingdoms that include fungi, bacteria and virus have not been previously examined with respect to how viral members of the microbiome affect subsequent microbe interactions with these virus-infected host cells. The co-habitation of virus with bacteria and fungi is principally present on the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and genital tract. Mucosal cells, particularly those with persistent chronic or persistent latent viral infections, could have a significant impact on members of the microbiome through virus alteration in number and type of receptors expressed. Modification in host cell membrane architecture would result in altered ability of subsequent members of the normal flora and opportunistic pathogens to initiate the first step in biofilm formation, i.e., adherence. This study describes a method for quantitation and visual examination of HSV's effect on the initiation of biofilm formation (adherence) of S. aureus and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ira M Sigar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University
| | - Scott Halkyard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University
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Mendes L, Azevedo NF, Felino A, Pinto MG. Relationship between invasion of the periodontium by periodontal pathogens and periodontal disease: a systematic review. Virulence 2016; 6:208-15. [PMID: 25654367 PMCID: PMC4601159 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.984566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial invasion of the periodontal tissues has been suggested as a relevant step in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. However, its exact importance remains to be defined. The present systematic review assessed the scientific evidence concerning the relationship between the quality or quantity of periodontal microbiota in periodontal tissues and development of periodontal disease. The databases Medline-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL, ISI Web of Knowledge and SCOPUS were searched, up to January 2014. Studies that reported evaluation of periodontal pathogens invasion on human tissues were selected. The screening of 440 title/abstracts elected 26 papers for full-text reading. Twenty three papers were subsequently excluded because of insufficient data or a study protocol not related to the objectives of this systematic review. All included studies were case-control studies that evaluated intracellular or adherent bacteria to epithelial cells from periodontal pockets versus healthy sulci. Study protocols presented heterogeneity regarding case and control definitions and methodological approaches for microbial identification. No consistent significant differences were found related to the presence/absence or proportion of specific periopathogens across the studies, as only one study found statistically significant differences regarding the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.043), T. forsythia (P < 0.001), P. intermedia (P < 0.001), C. ochracea (P < 0.001) and C. rectus (P = 0.003) in epithelial cells from periodontal pockets vs. healthy sulci. All studies reported a larger unspecific bacterial load in or on the epithelial cells taken from a diseased site compared to a healthy sulcus. The current available data is of low to moderate quality and inconsistent mainly due to study design, poor reporting and methodological diversity. As so, there is insufficient evidence to support or exclude the invasion by periodontal pathogens as a key step in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Mendes
- a Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto ; Portugal
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Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Initiation of HeLa 299 Cell-Associated Biofilm. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:529-37. [PMID: 26758707 PMCID: PMC4828481 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), and type-2 (HSV-2), Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans co-habit the oral and genital mucosa, their interaction is poorly understood. We determined the effect HSV has on bacterial and/or fungal adherence, the initial step in biofilm formation. HeLa229 cells were infected with HSV-1 (KOS) gL86 or HSV-2 (KOS) 333gJ− at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 and 10. S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and/or C. albicans (yeast forms or germ tube forms) were co-incubated for 30 min (37 °C; 5 % CO2; 5:1 organism: HeLa cell ratio; n = 16) with virus-infected HeLa cells or uninfected HeLa cell controls. Post-incubation, the monolayers were washed (3x; PBS), lysed (RIPA), and the lysate plated onto Fungisel and/or mannitol salts agar for standard colony count. The level of HeLa-associated S. aureus was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) for both HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells, as compared to virus-free HeLa cell controls (38 and 59 % of control, respectively). In contrast, HSV-1 and HSV-2 significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced HeLa cell association of C. albicans yeast forms and germ tube approximately two-fold, respectively. The effect of S. aureus on germ tube and yeast form adherence to HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells was specific for the Candida phenotype tested. Our study suggests that HSV, while antagonist towards S. aureus adherence enhances Candida adherence. Furthermore, the combination of the three pathogens results in S. aureus adherence that is either unaffected, or partially restored depending on both the herpes viral species and the fungal phenotype present.
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Vieira Colombo AP, Magalhães CB, Hartenbach FARR, Martins do Souto R, Maciel da Silva-Boghossian C. Periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: A reservoir for pathogens of medical importance. Microb Pathog 2015; 94:27-34. [PMID: 26416306 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ecological diversity of the periodontal microenvironment may provide suitable conditions for the colonization of species not usually considered members of the oral microbiota. In this investigation, we aimed to determine the prevalence and levels of pathogenic species of medical relevance in the microbiota of individuals with distinct periodontal clinical status. Subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (H, n = 81), gingivitis (G, n = 55), generalized aggressive (AgP, n = 36) or chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 98), and analyzed for 39 microbial taxa using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Microbial differences among groups, as well as associations between clinical and microbiological parameters were sought by non-parametric and univariate correlation tests. Neisseria spp., Peptostreptococus anaerobius, Candida albicans, enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eubacterium saphenum, Clostridium difficile and Olsenella uli were detected in high mean prevalence and counts in the subgingival microbiota of the study population. Species that were more related to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction at the patient and site levels included enterobacteria, C. albicans, Neisseria spp., P. aeruginosa, O. uli, Hafnia alvei, Serratia marcescens and Filifactor alocis (p < 0.05). In contrast, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were associated with periodontal health (p < 0.05). Pathogenic species of medical importance may be detected in high prevalence and levels in the periodontal microbiota. Regardless of their role in periodontal health or disease, the periodontal biofilm may be a source for dissemination and development of systemic infections by these pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373/CCS/ Bloco I, lab. I2-03, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Bichara Magalhães
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373/CCS/ Bloco I, lab. I2-03, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fátima Aparecida Rocha Resende Hartenbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373/CCS/ Bloco I, lab. I2-03, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 21941-902, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Department of Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Renata Martins do Souto
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373/CCS/ Bloco I, lab. I2-03, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Carina Maciel da Silva-Boghossian
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373/CCS/ Bloco I, lab. I2-03, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 21941-902, Brazil; School of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, R. Prof. José de Souza Herdy, 1160, Jardim Vinte e Cinco de Agosto, Duque de Caxias, RJ CEP: 25071-202, Brazil.
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Barbosa GM, Colombo AV, Rodrigues PH, Simionato MRL. Intraspecies Variability Affects Heterotypic Biofilms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: Evidences of Strain-Dependence Biofilm Modulation by Physical Contact and by Released Soluble Factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138687. [PMID: 26406499 PMCID: PMC4583444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that strain and virulence diversity exist within the population structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the present study we investigate intra- and inter-species variability in biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and partners Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. All strains tested showed similar hydrophobicity, except for P. gingivalis W83 which has roughly half of the hydrophobicity of P. gingivalis ATCC33277. An intraspecies variability in coaggregation of P. gingivalis with P. intermedia was also found. The association P. gingivalis W83/P. intermedia 17 produced the thickest biofilm and strain 17 was prevalent. In a two-compartment system P. gingivalis W83 stimulates an increase in biomass of strain 17 and the latter did not stimulate the growth of P. gingivalis W83. In addition, P. gingivalis W83 also stimulates the growth of P. intermedia ATCC25611 although strain W83 was prevalent in the association with P. intermedia ATCC25611. P. gingivalis ATCC33277 was prevalent in both associations with P. intermedia and both strains of P. intermedia stimulate the growth of P. gingivalis ATCC33277. FISH images also showed variability in biofilm structure. Thus, the outcome of the association P. gingivalis/P. intermedia seems to be strain-dependent, and both soluble factors and physical contact are relevant. The association P. gingivalis-P. nigrescens ATCC33563 produced larger biomass than each monotypic biofilm, and P. gingivalis was favored in consortia, while no differences were found in the two-compartment system. Therefore, in consortia P. gingivalis-P. nigrescens physical contact seems to favor P. gingivalis growth. The intraspecies variability found in our study suggests strain-dependence in ability of microorganisms to recognize molecules in other bacteria which may further elucidate the dysbiosis event during periodontitis development giving additional explanation for periodontal bacteria, such as P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, among others, to persist and establish chronic infections in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Murta Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Vieira Colombo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PHR); (MRLS)
| | - Maria Regina Lorenzetti Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PHR); (MRLS)
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Zhang C, Du J, Peng Z. Correlation between Enterococcus faecalis and Persistent Intraradicular Infection Compared with Primary Intraradicular Infection: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2015; 41:1207-13. [PMID: 26015157 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and pulpal or periradicular diseases has been studied for many years; however, whether E. faecalis is correlated with persistent intraradicular infections (teeth after failed endodontic treatments) compared with primary intraradicular infections remains controversial. The objective of this systematic review was to compare the prevalence of E. faecalis in primary and persistent intraradicular infections. METHODS An exhaustive literature search combined with specified inclusion criteria was performed to collect all studies comparing the prevalence of E. faecalis in root canals with primary and persistent intraradicular infections. Descriptive statistics were applied first because of the high heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analysis according to different detecting methods (culture and polymerase chain reaction) and sensitivity analysis was then applied. Meta-analysis was conducted with the help of Stata/SE 12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) after excluding studies with uncertain forms of pulpal and periradicular lesions in their primary infection groups. RESULTS The systematic review included 10 studies covering 972 teeth. Among them, 2 studies used the culture technique, 6 studies used polymerase chain reaction, and the other 2 used both techniques. The detection rate of E. faecalis by both methods was higher in persistent infections compared with untreated chronic periapical periodontitis as primary infections. The difference was statistically significant (odds ratio = 7.247; 95% confidence interval, 4.039-13.002). CONCLUSIONS E. faecalis is more highly correlated with persistent intraradicular infections compared with untreated chronic periapical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianrong Du
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixiang Peng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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40
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Hijazi K, Lowe T, Meharg C, Berry SH, Foley J, Hold GL. Mucosal microbiome in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Dent Res 2014; 94:87S-94S. [PMID: 25540188 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514565458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disease affecting oral mucosae. Etiology is unknown, but several factors have been implicated, all of which influence the composition of microbiota residing on oral mucosae, which in turn modulates immunity and thereby affects disease progression. Although no individual pathogens have been conclusively shown to be causative agents of RAS, imbalanced composition of the oral microbiota may play a key role. In this study, we sought to determine composition profiles of bacterial microbiota in the oral mucosa associated with RAS. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the most abundant bacterial populations residing on healthy and ulcerated mucosae in patients with RAS (recruited using highly stringent criteria) and no associated medical conditions; we also compared these to the bacterial microbiota of healthy controls (HCs). Phylum-level diversity comparisons revealed decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria in ulcerated sites, as compared with healthy sites in RAS patients, and no differences between RAS patients with healthy sites and HCs. Genus-level analysis demonstrated higher abundance of total Bacteroidales in RAS patients with healthy sites over HCs. Porphyromonadaceae comprising species associated with periodontal disease and Veillonellaceae predominated in ulcerated sites over HCs, while no quantitative differences of these families were observed between healthy sites in RAS patients and HCs. Streptococcaceae comprising species associated with oral health predominated in HCs over ulcerated sites but not in HCs over healthy sites in RAS patients. This study demonstrates that mucosal microbiome changes in patients with idiopathic RAS--namely, increased Bacteroidales species in mucosae of RAS patients not affected by active ulceration. While these changes suggest a microbial role in initiation of RAS, this study does not provide data on causality. Within this limitation, the study contributes to the understanding of the potential role of mucosal microbiome changes in oral mucosal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hijazi
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Medical and Dental Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - T Lowe
- Maxillofacial Unit, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Meharg
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - S H Berry
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Foley
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Medical and Dental Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Edinburgh Dental Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G L Hold
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Beier R, Foley S, Davidson M, White D, McDermott P, Bodeis-Jones S, Zhao S, Andrews K, Crippen T, Sheffield C, Poole T, Anderson R, Nisbet D. Characterization of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility profiles among Pseudomonas aeruginosa
veterinary isolates recovered during 1994-2003. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:326-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Beier
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - S.L. Foley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR USA
| | - M.K. Davidson
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - D.G. White
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - P.F. McDermott
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - S. Bodeis-Jones
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - S. Zhao
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - K. Andrews
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - T.L. Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - C.L. Sheffield
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - T.L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - R.C. Anderson
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - D.J. Nisbet
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
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Real-time PCR quantification of six periodontal pathogens in saliva samples from healthy young adults. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:937-46. [PMID: 25217278 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid for the evaluation of periodontal health has gained attention recently. Most published real-time PCR assays focused on quantification of bacteria in subgingival plaque, not in saliva. The aims of this study were to develop a real-time PCR assay for quantification of six periodontal pathogens in saliva and to establish a relationship between the amount of DNA (fg) and colony-forming unit (CFU). MATERIALS AND METHODS TaqMan primers/probe sets were used for the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and total bacteria. Six periodontal pathogens and total bacteria in saliva from 24 periodontally healthy individuals were determined. The relationship between the amount of DNA (fg) and CFU was established by measuring the concentrations of extracted bacterial DNA and CFU per milliliter of bacteria on agar plates. RESULTS Fn, Ec, and Pi were detected in all saliva samples, while 58.5, 45.8, and 33.3% were detected for Tf, Pg, and Aa, respectively. Numbers of Ec and Fn in saliva were highly correlated (R(2) = 0.93, P < 0.01). The values of DNA (fg) per CFU ranged from 64 for Ec to 121 for Pg. CONCLUSION The real-time PCR assay in combination with the relationship between DNA (fg) and CFU can be used to quantitate periodontal pathogens in saliva and estimate the number of live bacteria (CFU). CLINICAL RELEVANCE This real-time PCR assay in combination with the relationship between DNA (fg) and CFU has the potential to be an adjunct in evaluation of periodontal health status.
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Li X, Ding P, Han C, Fan H, Wang Y, Mi Z, Feng F, Tong Y. Genome analysis of Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage IME-EF3 harboring a putative metallo-beta-lactamase gene. Virus Genes 2014; 49:145-51. [PMID: 24818695 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lytic Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage IME-EF3 was isolated from hospital sewage, and its genome was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing. Genomic analysis and electron microscopy suggested that IME-EF3 was a member of the family Siphoviridae. The phage has an isometric head and a long non-contractile tail with a 41 kb linear double-stranded DNA genome. The genome encodes 69 putative proteins, with 32 annotated functionally, including proteins related to phage structure, packaging, transcription, replication, and a lysis module. Interestingly, a metallo-beta-lactamase gene responsible for multi-drug resistance was found in the genome of IME-EF3. The possibility of horizontal gene transfer of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene suggests that phage IME-EF3, although lytic, might not be suitable for phage therapy unless one would devise a way to delete the metallo-beta-lactamase gene. Hence, whole genome sequencing should always be a prerequisite for identifying a phage therapy candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China,
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