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Mehmood KT, Al-Baldawi S, Zúñiga Salazar G, Zúñiga D, Balasubramanian S. Antipyretic Use in Noncritically Ill Patients With Fever: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e51943. [PMID: 38333494 PMCID: PMC10851038 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipyretics are one of the most frequently used agents in medicine. Numerous pharmacological agents, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), salicylates, and selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and nonpharmacological treatment modalities, such as tepid sponging and cooling blankets, are available for temperature reduction. There is a scarcity of definitive clinical guidelines on the choice of various agents in noncritically ill febrile patients. Our review examined the various modalities available for antipyresis and compared their safety and efficacy. The rationale for the choice of a particular pharmacological agent and route of administration were scrutinized. Our review also envisaged the perceived beneficial effects of antipyretics against the harmful side effects, including the evaluation of morbidity or mortality advantage conferred by antipyretics. The various toxicities associated with these agents were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahad Al-Baldawi
- Department of Rheumatology, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, IRQ
| | | | - Diego Zúñiga
- Medicine, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, ECU
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2
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Etienne S, Oliveras R, Schiboni G, Durrer L, Rochat F, Eib P, Zahner M, Osthoff M, Bassetti S, Eckstein J. Free-living core body temperature monitoring using a wrist-worn sensor after COVID-19 booster vaccination: a pilot study. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 36915134 PMCID: PMC10010220 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Core body temperature (CBT) is a key vital sign and fever is an important indicator of disease. In the past decade, there has been growing interest for vital sign monitoring technology that may be embedded in wearable devices, and the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for remote patient monitoring systems. While wrist-worn sensors allow continuous assessment of heart rate and oxygen saturation, reliable measurement of CBT at the wrist remains challenging. In this study, CBT was measured continuously in a free-living setting using a novel technology worn at the wrist and compared to reference core body temperature measurements, i.e., CBT values acquired with an ingestible temperature-sensing pill. Fifty individuals who received the COVID-19 booster vaccination were included. The datasets of 33 individuals were used to develop the CBT prediction algorithm, and the algorithm was then validated on the datasets of 17 participants. Mean observation time was 26.4 h and CBT > 38.0 °C occurred in 66% of the participants. CBT predicted by the wrist-worn sensor showed good correlation to the reference CBT (r = 0.72). Bland-Altman statistics showed an average bias of 0.11 °C of CBT predicted by the wrist-worn device compared to reference CBT, and limits of agreement were - 0.67 to + 0.93 °C, which is comparable to the bias and limits of agreement of commonly used tympanic membrane thermometers. The small size of the components needed for this technology would allow its integration into a variety of wearable monitoring systems assessing other vital signs and at the same time allowing maximal freedom of movement to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Etienne
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Osthoff
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Eckstein
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department Digitalization and ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Tidswell EC. A Nontrivial Analysis of Patient Safety Risk from Parenteral Drug- and Medical Device-Borne Endotoxin. Drugs R D 2023; 23:65-76. [PMID: 36829051 PMCID: PMC9985525 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-023-00412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thorough and systematic analysis of potential endotoxin-related safety issues from parenteral drugs and devices is important to ensure appropriate current Good Manufacturing Practices, compendial requirements, standards and regulatory guidance. Lately, the US Food and Drug Administration has been expecting pharmaceutical firms to apply an arbitrary safety factor to compendial compliant drug specifications for endotoxin, potentially causing manufacturing challenges, supply issues and additional unwarranted costs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate data from three disparate sources over an extended period of time, from 2008 to 2021, to determine if there exists an industry-wide risk to patients from parenteral drugs and devices, thereby evaluating if changes to current Good Manufacturing Practices or compendial requirements are indeed warranted. Food and Drug Administration data from current Good Manufacturing Practices non-compliance observations, product recalls and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System were used as the three sources of data. METHODS Parenteral products were separated into drugs and devices, potential endotoxin-related patient safety issues were characterised in terms of the available non-compliance information, the type and number of product recalls, and the type and number of potential adverse events. Descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel 2019 and Pivot tables were used for the analysis and presentation of the data. RESULTS From 2011 to 2021, a total of 188 endotoxin-related current Good Manufacturing Practices compliance observations were recorded, 70% and 30% were associated with laboratory and manufacturing origins, respectively. Finished drug product testing accounted for 56% of these. In contrast, 95% of all endotoxin-related product recalls were associated solely with medical devices. Over the years 2008-2021, approximately 1.4% of all adverse events (23,663,780) were recorded with some reference to pyrexia (fever); however, there are sparse data categorically attributing this to the administration of parenteral drugs or devices or combinations of these possessing high levels of endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of data concerning drug- and device-borne endotoxin obtained from FDA data from current Good Manufacturing Practices non-compliance observations, product recalls and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System demonstrated the absence of industry-wide issues with endotoxin contamination. Based upon these data, changes to current Good Manufacturing Practices and the compendial methodology of setting endotoxin specifications (and hence the compendial methodology of testing for endotoxins) are unwarranted.
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Sarkar KK, Mitra T, Rahman MA, Raja IM, Aktaruzzaman M, Abid MA, Zilani MNH, Roy DN. In Vivo Bioactivities of Hoya parasitica (Wall.) and In Silico Study against Cyclooxygenase Enzymes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1331758. [PMID: 35528171 PMCID: PMC9071894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1331758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hoya parasitica (Wall.) is extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including rheumatism, kidney problems, jaundice, urinary tract disorders, fever, and pain. The present study was designed to explore new lead compound(s) to alleviate pain, pyresis, and diarrhea from methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of H. parasitica (Wall.) leaves (MHP, EAHP, and NHP, respectively). Analgesic activity of the extracts was assessed through acetic acid induced writhing, tail immersion, and hot plate tests while brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia test was employed for the assessment of antipyretic activity. Besides, castor oil and magnesium sulfate induced diarrheal tests were utilized for the evaluation of antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, in silico study of the isolated compounds was undertaken to seek out best-fit phytoconstituent(s) against cyclooxygenase enzymes. MHP revealed substantial antioxidant activities in different in vitro assays compared to EAHP and NHP. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, among the extracts, MHP (400 mg/kg) revealed maximum 74.15 ± 1% inhibition of writhing comparable to that of standard (85.77 ± 1.39%). Again, in tail immersion and hot plate tests, higher doses of all the test samples exhibited a significant increase of latent period in a time-dependent manner. In brewer yeast-induced pyrexia test, at 3rd and 4th hour of treatment, significant (P < 0.05) antipyretic action was found in the test samples. In both castor oil and magnesium induced diarrheal tests, MHP at 400 mg/kg showed the highest percent inhibition of diarrhea (68.62 ± 4.74 and 64.99 ± 2.90, respectively). Moreover, molecular docking analysis corroborated the results of the present study. The findings of the present study supported the traditional uses of this plant for the alleviation of pain and fever. Furthermore, hoyasterone was found to be the most effective lead compound as cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Trina Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Mahmud Raja
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aktaruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahsan Abid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan Zilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Debendra Nath Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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Boyer J, Eckmann J, Strohmayer K, Koele W, Federspiel M, Schenk M, Weiss G, Krause R. Investigation of Non-invasive Continuous Body Temperature Measurements in a Clinical Setting Using an Adhesive Axillary Thermometer (SteadyTemp®). Front Digit Health 2022; 3:794274. [PMID: 34970650 PMCID: PMC8712449 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.794274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the human body reacts to a variety of different diseases with elevated body temperature, measurement of body temperature remains relevant in clinical practice. The absolute temperature value for fever definition is still arbitrary and depends on the measuring site, as well as underlying disease and individual factors. Hence, a simple threshold for fever definition is outdated and a definition which relies on the relative changes in the individual seems reasonable as it takes these individual factors into account. In this prospective multicentric study we validate an adhesive axillary thermometer (SteadyTemp®) which allows continuous non-invasive temperature measurements. It consists of a patch to measure temperature and a smartphone application to process and visualize gathered data. This article provides information of the new diagnostic possibilities when using this wearable device and where it could be beneficial. Furthermore, it discusses how to interpret the generated data and when it is not practical to use, based on its characteristics and physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boyer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Weiss
- Das Kinderwunsch Institut Schenk GmbH, Dobl, Austria
| | - Robert Krause
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
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Mota-Rojas D, Wang D, Titto CG, Gómez-Prado J, Carvajal-de la Fuente V, Ghezzi M, Boscato-Funes L, Barrios-García H, Torres-Bernal F, Casas-Alvarado A, Martínez-Burnes J. Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2316. [PMID: 34438772 PMCID: PMC8388492 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, FZEA-USP, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Marcelo Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires 7000, Argentina;
| | - Luciano Boscato-Funes
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Hugo Barrios-García
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Fabiola Torres-Bernal
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
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7
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Reich T, Budka M. Proof of concept for a syndromic surveillance system based on routine ambulance records in the South West of England, for the influenza season 2016/2017. Br Paramed J 2019; 4:22-30. [PMID: 33328833 PMCID: PMC7706756 DOI: 10.29045/14784726.2019.09.4.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of electronic patient records in the ambulance service provides new opportunities to monitor the population. Approximately 36% of patients presenting to English ambulance services are discharged at scene. Ambulance records are therefore an ideal data source for syndromic early event detection systems to monitor infectious disease in the pre-hospital population. It has been previously found that tympanic temperature records can be used to detect influenza outbreaks in emergency departments. This study aimed to determine whether routine tympanic temperature readings collected by ambulance crews can be used to detect seasonal influenza. METHODS Here we show that temperature readings do allow the detection of seasonal influenza before methods applied to conventional data sources. The counts of pyretic patients were used to calculate a sliding case ratio as a measurement to detect seasonal influenza outbreaks. This method does not rely on conventional thresholds and can be adapted to the data. RESULTS The data collected correlated with seasonal influenza. The 2016/2017 outbreak was detected up to nine weeks before other surveillance programmes. The results show that ambulance records can be a useful data source for biosurveillance systems. CONCLUSION Temperature readings from routinely collected ambulance patient records can be used as a surveillance tool for febrile diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Reich
- Bournemouth University: ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-0987
| | - Marcin Budka
- Bournemouth University: ORCID iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-6309
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8
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Hyperpyrexia and high fever as a predictor for serious bacterial infection (SBI) in children-a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:337-344. [PMID: 29387980 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is not clear if children with high fever are at increased risk for serious bacterial infection (SBI). Our aim was to systematically review if children suffering from high fever are at high risk for SBI. Our data sources were Embase, Medline, and Pubmed; from their inception until the last week of March 2017. The study selection were of cohort and case control studies comparing the incidence of SBI in children with hyperpyrexia with children with fever of 41 °C or less, and children with a temperature higher than 40 °C, with children with fever of 40 °C or less. Two reviewers independently pooled studies for detailed review using a structured data-collection form. We calculated the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SBI, assuming a random-effects model. A sub-group analysis was conducted. In our results, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies showed that children with hyperpyrexia are at higher risk for SBI (OR 1.96 95% CI 1.3-1.97). An increased risk for SBI in children with high fever (OR 3.21 95% CI 1.67; 6.22). SBI in infants with temperature over 40 °C was higher compared to infants with lower degree of fever (OR 6.3 95% CI 4.44; 8.95). On older children, the risk for SBI was only slightly higher in children with fever above 40 °C. The limitation of the study is the small amount of studies and that the heterogeneity of the studies was very high. CONCLUSION Young infants with temperature higher than 400 °C are at increased risk for SBI. Risk of SBI in older children with temperature > 400C is minimal. What is known: • An association between high fever and increased risk for SBI was reported in young infants. • Based on only two studies from the 1970s and 1980s, hyperpyrexia is associated with increased risk for SBI. What is new: • Infants under the age of 3 months with fever > 40 °C were found to have increased risk for SBI. • Risk of SBI in older children with temperature > 40 °C is minimal.
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9
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Gomes BRB, Firmino M, Jorge JS, Ferreira MLO, Rodovalho TM, Weis SN, Souza GEP, Morais PC, Sousa MV, Souza PEN, Veiga-Souza FH. Increase of reactive oxygen species in different tissues during lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and antipyresis: an electron paramagnetic resonance study. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:351-361. [PMID: 29308684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1425549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fever is a regulated increase in body temperature and a component of the acute-phase response, triggered mainly after the invasion of pathogens in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the physiological and pathological processes, and can act as both signalling molecules as well as promoters of oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats, pretreated with oral doses of acetaminophen, celecoxib, dipyrone, or ibuprofen 30 min before an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline injection, showed a reduced febrile response in all animals tested. The formation of ROS in the fresh blood, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and hypothalamus of febrile and antipyretic-treated animals was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH). While the CM• concentrations remained unaltered in the blood samples examined 5 h after the induction of fever, we found increased CM• levels in the liver (in µM, saline: 290 ± 42; LPS: 512 ± 34), BAT (in µM, saline: 509 ± 79, LPS: 855 ± 79), and hypothalamus (in µM, saline: 292 ± 35; LPS: 467 ± 8) at the same time point. Importantly, none of the antipyretics were seen to alter the CM• accumulation profile. Data from this study suggest that there is an increased formation of ROS in the different tissues during fever, which may cause oxidative stress, and that the antipyretics tested do not interfere with ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R B Gomes
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marina Firmino
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Jardeson S Jorge
- b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone N Weis
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Gloria E P Souza
- c Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Paulo C Morais
- d School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei , China.,e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Paulo E N Souza
- e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.,b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
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10
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Bao D, Zhao W, Dai C, Wan H, Cao Y. H89 dihydrochloride hydrate and calphostin C lower the body temperature through TRPV1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1599-1608. [PMID: 29257197 PMCID: PMC5780100 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) serves as a negative regulator of body temperature, and during fever conditions its expression can lead to a decrease in temperature. TRPV1 is regulated by a variety of enzymes; however, it is currently unclear whether the regulation of TRPV1 phosphorylation may serve a role in the increase in TRPV1 expression during fever. In the present study, using an in vivo experimental method, rat brain ventricles were injected with the protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist, H89, and the protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist, calphostin C, and fever was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to detect the expression of TRPV1 and phosphorylated (p-)TRPV1, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration [(Ca2+)i] of hypothalami and rat body temperature. The results demonstrated that following the generation of fever using LPS, the expressions of TRPV1 and p-TRPV1, and hypothalamic [Ca2+]i markedly increased. In addition, following an injection with the PKA or PKC antagonist, the temperature increased further due to the inhibition of p-TRPV1. Thus, it was hypothesized that PKA and PKC may be involved in TRPV1 phosphorylation, resulting in a temperature reduction during LPS-induced fever conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Bao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Dai
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wan
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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11
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Adefisayo MA, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye SO, Alabi QK, Ogundipe OL, Omole JG, Olamilosoye KP. Gastro-protective effect of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina (del.) leaf on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:625-633. [PMID: 29657922 PMCID: PMC5897319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) on aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats. Thirty Wistar rats, 150-200 g were divided into six groups as follows: Group 1 (control) rats received 2 mL/kg of propylene glycol for 28 consecutive days. Group 2 (Ulcer Control) received 150 mg/kg/day of aspirin suspended in 3 mL of 1% carboxymethylcellulose in water orally for 3 consecutive days during which the rats were fasted for the induction of ulcer. Group 3 received cimetidine at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 consecutive days and thereafter treated as group 2. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received MEVA orally at 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day respectively for 28 consecutive days and thereafter were treated with aspirin as group 2. All the animals were sacrifice at the end of the study to determine the gastric pH, gastric acidity, gastric ulcer score, haematological indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The result showed that aspirin significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric ulcer score and index, decreased gastric pH, gastric acidity, SOD activity, GSH level as well as increased LPO level. It induced significant necrosis of the stomach tissue. Administration of MEVA significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric pH, but decreased gastric acid secretion and reversed alteration of haematological parameters. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased SOD activity, GSH level and decreased LPO level. The results suggest that Vernonia amygdalina possesses gastro-protective properties against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat A. Adefisayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O. Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen O. Akinsomisoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Quadri K. Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olaofe L. Ogundipe
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph G. Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde P. Olamilosoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Song K, Wang H, Kamm GB, Pohle J, de Castro Reis F, Heppenstall P, Wende H, Siemens J. The TRPM2 channel is a hypothalamic heat sensor that limits fever and can drive hypothermia. Science 2016; 353:1393-1398. [PMID: 27562954 PMCID: PMC7612276 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Body temperature homeostasis is critical for survival and requires precise regulation by the nervous system. The hypothalamus serves as the principal thermostat that detects and regulates internal temperature. We demonstrate that the ion channel TRPM2 [of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family] is a temperature sensor in a subpopulation of hypothalamic neurons. TRPM2 limits the fever response and may detect increased temperatures to prevent overheating. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation and inhibition of hypothalamic TRPM2-expressing neurons in vivo decreased and increased body temperature, respectively. Such manipulation may allow analysis of the beneficial effects of altered body temperature on diverse disease states. Identification of a functional role for TRP channels in monitoring internal body temperature should promote further analysis of molecular mechanisms governing thermoregulation and foster the genetic dissection of hypothalamic circuits involved with temperature homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gretel B. Kamm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Pohle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernanda de Castro Reis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paul Heppenstall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Wende
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Bartfai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Alolga RN, Amadi SW, Onoja V, Assanhou AG, Muyaba M, Kassim SA. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Kang 601 heji, a traditional Chinese oral liquid dosage form. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5:921-927. [PMID: 32363148 PMCID: PMC7185552 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Kang 601 heji (K-601) as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent using appropriate animal models. Methods Carrageenan-induced rat paw and xylene-induced ear oedemas were models used to investigate anti-inflammatory actions of K-601. Lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia model was used to evaluate antipyretic activity in Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic mechanisms were evaluated by detecting prostaglandins E2, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α levels using appropriate reagents and ELISA kits. Results The results revealed that K-601 reduced the level of inflammations in both anti-inflammatory models in a dose-dependent manner. The same was true for the antipyretic model. The possible mechanisms of actions were through the inhibition of prostaglandins E2, interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. Conclusions K-601 has proven anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions. The findings provide a scientific basis for the use of K-601 as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent in traditional Chinese medicinal practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Nammahime Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sarah Wambui Amadi
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vitus Onoja
- Joint Key Laboratory for Drug Development, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Assogba Gabin Assanhou
- Joint Key Laboratory for Drug Development, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Moses Muyaba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Said Abasse Kassim
- Joint Key Laboratory for Drug Development, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
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Pardo-Ruiz Z, Menéndez-Sardiñas DE, Pacios-Michelena A, Gabilondo-Ramírez T, Montero-Alejo V, Perdomo-Morales R. Soluble β-(1,3)-glucans enhance LPS-induced response in the monocyte activation test, but inhibit LPS-mediated febrile response in rabbits: Implications for pyrogenicity tests. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 81:18-26. [PMID: 26428698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the influence of β-(1,3)-d-glucans on the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response in the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) for pyrogens, and on the LPS-induced febrile response in the Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT), thus evaluating the resulting effect in the outcome of each test. It was found that β-(1,3)-d-glucans elicited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, also known as endogenous pyrogens, but not enough to classify them as pyrogenic according to MAT. The same β-(1,3)-d-glucans samples were non-pyrogenic by RPT. However, β-(1,3)-d-glucans significantly enhanced the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines response in MAT, insomuch that samples containing non-pyrogenic concentrations of LPS become pyrogenic. On the other hand, β-(1,3)-d-glucans had no effect on sub-pyrogenic LPS doses in the RPT, but surprisingly, inhibited the LPS-induced febrile response of pyrogenic LPS concentrations. Thus, while β-(1,3)-d-glucans could mask the LPS pyrogenic activity in the RPT, they exerted an overstimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the MAT. Hence, MAT provides higher safety since it evidences an unwanted biological response, which is not completely controlled and is overlooked by the RPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenia Pardo-Ruiz
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ave. 26 No. 1605 e/ Ave. 51 y Boyeros, Plaza, CP 10600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Dalia E Menéndez-Sardiñas
- Biological Control Laboratory, Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 17 St. No. 6208 e/ 62 y 64, Playa, CP 11300 Havana, Cuba
| | - Anabel Pacios-Michelena
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ave. 26 No. 1605 e/ Ave. 51 y Boyeros, Plaza, CP 10600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Tatiana Gabilondo-Ramírez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 17 St. No. 6208 e/ 62 y 64, Playa, CP 11300 Havana, Cuba
| | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ave. 26 No. 1605 e/ Ave. 51 y Boyeros, Plaza, CP 10600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ave. 26 No. 1605 e/ Ave. 51 y Boyeros, Plaza, CP 10600 Havana, Cuba.
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Oliveira Filho JXD, Morés MA, Rebelatto R, Agnol AM, Plieski CL, Klein CS, Barcellos DE, Morés N. Pasteurella multocida type A as the primary agent of pneumonia and septicaemia in pigs. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: In order to understand better the pathological aspects and spread of Pasteurella multocida type A as the primary cause of pneumonia in pigs, was made an experiment with intranasal inoculation of different concentrations of inocula [Group (G1): 108 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/ml; G2: 107 CFU/ml; G3: 106 CFU/ml and G4: 105 CFU/ml], using two pigs per group. The pigs were obtained from a high health status herd. Pigs were monitored clinically for 4 days and subsequently necropsied. All pigs had clinical signs and lesions associated with respiratory disease. Dyspnoea and hyperthermia were the main clinical signs observed. Suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia, in some cases associated with necrosuppurative pleuropneumonia, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuritic, were the most frequent types of lesion found. The disease evolved with septicaemia, characterized by septic infarctions in the liver and spleen, with the detection of P. multocida type A. In this study, P. multocida type A strain #11246 was the primary agent of fibrinous pleuritis and suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia, pericarditis and septicaemia in the pigs. All concentrations of inoculum used (105-108 CFU/ml) were able to produce clinical and pathological changes of pneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis and septicemia in challenged animals.
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Ye L, Tao Y, Wang Y, Feng T, Li H. The effects of baicalin on the TLR2/4 signaling pathway in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a lipopolysaccharide-induced rat fever model. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Deletion of prostaglandin E2 synthesizing enzymes in brain endothelial cells attenuates inflammatory fever. J Neurosci 2014; 34:11684-90. [PMID: 25164664 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1838-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fever is a hallmark of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The febrile response is triggered by prostaglandin E2 synthesis mediated by induced expression of the enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1). The cellular source for pyrogenic PGE2 remains a subject of debate; several hypotheses have been forwarded, including immune cells in the periphery and in the brain, as well as the brain endothelium. Here we generated mice with selective deletion of COX-2 and mPGES1 in brain endothelial cells. These mice displayed strongly attenuated febrile responses to peripheral immune challenge. In contrast, inflammation-induced hypoactivity was unaffected, demonstrating the physiological selectivity of the response to the targeted gene deletions. These findings demonstrate that PGE2 synthesis in brain endothelial cells is critical for inflammation-induced fever.
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Lecchi M, D’Alonzo L, Negro A, Martelletti P. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a new aspirin formulation for the acute treatment of primary headaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1381-95. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.952631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kashiwagi Y, Miyata A, Kumagai T, Maehara K, Suzuki E, Nagai T, Ozaki T, Nishimura N, Okada K, Kawashima H, Nakayama T. Production of inflammatory cytokines in response to diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT), haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and 7-valent pneumococcal (PCV7) vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:677-85. [PMID: 24589970 PMCID: PMC4130255 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and 7-valent pneumococcal (PCV7) vaccines both became recommended in Japan in 2010. In this study, cytokine production was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultures stimulated with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with acellular pertussis vaccine (DPT), Hib, and PCV7 separately or concurrent different combinations, all as final off-the-shelf vaccines without the individual vaccine components as controls. Higher IL-1β levels were produced when cultures were stimulated with PCV than with DPT or Hib, and the concurrent stimulation including PCV7 enhanced the production of IL-1β. Although Hib induced higher levels of IL-6, no significant difference was observed in IL-6 production with the concurrent stimulation. The concurrent stimulation with Hib/PCV7 and DPT/Hib/PCV7 produced higher levels of TNF-α and human G-CSF. Cytokine profiles were examined in serum samples obtained from 61 vaccine recipients with febrile reactions and 18 recipients without febrile illness within 24 h of vaccination. No significant difference was observed in cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, MIP-1, TNF-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in sera between the two groups. However, significantly higher levels of human G-CSF were observed in recipients with febrile illness than in those without febrile reactions. Further investigations of the significance of elevated serum G-CSF levels are required in vaccine recipients with febrile illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Kashiwagi
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyata
- Miyata Pediatric Clinic; Tachikawa; Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Eitarou Suzuki
- Suzuki Pediatric Clinic; Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takao Nagai
- Nagai Pediatric Clinic; Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takao Ozaki
- Department of Pediatrics; Konan Kosei Hospital; Konan; Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics; Konan Kosei Hospital; Konan; Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Pediatrics; National Fukuoka Hospital; Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Tokyo, Japan
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Yao X, Dai Y, Johnson A, Hass MA, Feleder C. Determination of prostaglandin profiles in lipopolysaccharide-challenged guinea pig spleen. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:284-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang; Nanjing; 210038; China
| | - A. Johnson
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Arts and Sciences; 106 New Scotland Avenue; Albany; NY; 12208; USA
| | - M. A. Hass
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Arts and Sciences; 106 New Scotland Avenue; Albany; NY; 12208; USA
| | - C. Feleder
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Arts and Sciences; 106 New Scotland Avenue; Albany; NY; 12208; USA
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Yao XJ, Yin JA, Xia YF, Wei ZF, Luo YB, Liu M, Feleder C, Dai Y. Puerarin exerts antipyretic effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats involving inhibition of pyrogen production from macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:322-330. [PMID: 22401764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Puerarin is the most abundant isoflavonoid in Radix Puerariae (Gegen), which has been prescribed as a medicinal herb for treating fever in China for a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed at evaluating the antipyretic effect of puerarin and revealing the related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rats was used to assess the antipyretic effect of puerarin. After an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100μg/kg), body temperature was tested every 30min up to 8h. Different doses of puerarin (25, 50, 100mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 30min before LPS injection. In vitro, LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of puerarin (25-200μM). The pyrogenic mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO), were examined on both transcription and expression levels. Furthermore, the influences of the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by puerarin were assayed by western blot. RESULTS The intraperitoneal administration of puerarin at test doses clearly demonstrated apparent antipyretic effect through the declines in body temperature elevated by LPS in rats. The in vitro data showed that puerarin inhibited the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE(2) and NO; moreover, the RT-PCR analysis and the western blot analysis indicated that puerarin regulated the transcriptional level via suppression of NF-κB activation and blockade of MAPK signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the antipyretic property of puerarin might result, at least in part, from an inhibition of endogenous pyrogen production and expression. Taken in this sense, our findings provide an explanation for puerarin acting as an important constituent in Gegen, thus, provide scientific basis for the wide use of Radix Puerariae in China as a traditional antipyretic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Barberà-Cremades M, Baroja-Mazo A, Gomez AI, Machado F, Di Virgilio F, Pelegrín P. P2X7 receptor-stimulation causes fever via PGE2 and IL-1β release. FASEB J 2012; 26:2951-62. [PMID: 22490780 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-205765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators involved in the development of inflammatory associated pain and fever. PGE2 is a well-established endogenous pyrogen activated by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) expressed by inflammatory cells are stimulated by the danger signal extracellular ATP to activate the inflammasome and release IL-1β. Here we show that P2X7R activation is required for the release of PGE2 and other autacoids independent of inflammasome activation, with an ATP EC(50) for PGE2 and IL-1β release of 1.58 and 1.23 mM, respectively. Furthermore, lack of P2X7R or specific antagonism of P2X7R decreased the febrile response in mice triggered after intraperitoneal LPS or IL-1β inoculation. Accordingly, LPS inoculation caused intraperitoneal ATP accumulation. Therefore, P2X7R antagonists emerge as novel therapeutics for the treatment for acute inflammation, pain and fever, with wider anti-inflammatory activity than currently used cyclooxygenase inhibitors.-Barberà-Cremades, M., Baroja-Mazo, A., Gomez, A. I., Machado, F., Di Virgilio, F., Pelegrín, P. P2X7 receptor-stimulation causes fever via PGE2 and IL-1β release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barberà-Cremades
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, University Hospital Virgen de Arrixaca-Fundación Formación Investigación Sanitaria Región Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Hanada R, Hanada T, Sigl V, Schramek D, Penninger JM. RANKL/RANK-beyond bones. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:647-56. [PMID: 21445556 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (TNFSF11, also known as RANKL, OPGL, TRANCE, and ODF) and its tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family receptor RANK are essential regulators of bone remodeling, lymph node formation, establishment of the thymic microenvironment, mammary gland development during pregnancy, and bone metastasis in cancer. We have recently also reported that the RANKL/RANK system controls the incidence and onset of sex hormone, progestin-driven breast cancer. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in the central nervous systems where they play an essential role in body temperature regulation. RANKL activates brain regions involved in thermoregulation and induces fever via the COX2-PGE(2)/EP3R pathway. Moreover, female mice with a RANK gene deleted in neurons and astrocytes exhibit increased basal body temperature, suggesting that the RANKL/RANK system also controls physiological thermoregulation in females under the control of sex hormones. This review will summarize the recently emerging role of the RANKL/RANK signaling axis in mammary gland development, cancer metastasis, hormone-derived breast cancer development, and thermal regulation. Furthermore, we will highlight the striking therapeutic potential of this pathway and provide a molecular rationale for consideration of targeting RANKL/RANK in diseases such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Hanada
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Hanada R, Hanada T, Penninger JM. Physiology and pathophysiology of the RANKL/RANK system. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1365-70. [PMID: 21087090 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The TNF family molecule RANKL and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, lymph node formation, and mammary gland development during pregnancy. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in the central nervous systems (CNS). However, the functional relevance of RANKL/RANK in the brain was entirely unknown. Recently, our group reported that the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway has an essential role in the central regulation of body temperature via the prostaglandin axis. This review discusses novel aspects of the RANKL/RANK system as key regulators of fever and female basal body temperature in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Hanada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Eberwine J, Bartfai T. Single cell transcriptomics of hypothalamic warm sensitive neurons that control core body temperature and fever response Signaling asymmetry and an extension of chemical neuroanatomy. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 129:241-59. [PMID: 20970451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on an 'unbiased' molecular characterization of individual, adult neurons, active in a central, anterior hypothalamic neuronal circuit, by establishing cDNA libraries from each individual, electrophysiologically identified warm sensitive neuron (WSN). The cDNA libraries were analyzed by Affymetrix microarray. The presence and frequency of cDNAs were confirmed and enhanced with Illumina sequencing of each single cell cDNA library. cDNAs encoding the GABA biosynthetic enzyme Gad1 and of adrenomedullin, galanin, prodynorphin, somatostatin, and tachykinin were found in the WSNs. The functional cellular and in vivo studies on dozens of the more than 500 neurotransmitters, hormone receptors and ion channels, whose cDNA was identified and sequence confirmed, suggest little or no discrepancy between the transcriptional and functional data in WSNs; whenever agonists were available for a receptor whose cDNA was identified, a functional response was found. Sequencing single neuron libraries permitted identification of rarely expressed receptors like the insulin receptor, adiponectin receptor 2 and of receptor heterodimers; information that is lost when pooling cells leads to dilution of signals and mixing signals. Despite the common electrophysiological phenotype and uniform Gad1 expression, WSN transcriptomes show heterogeneity, suggesting strong epigenetic influence on the transcriptome. Our study suggests that it is well-worth interrogating the cDNA libraries of single neurons by sequencing and chipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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