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Pariary R, Shome G, Dutta T, Roy A, Misra AK, Jana K, Rastogi S, Senapati D, Mandal AK, Bhunia A. Enhancing amyloid beta inhibition and disintegration by natural compounds: A study utilizing spectroscopy, microscopy and cell biology. Biophys Chem 2024; 313:107291. [PMID: 39029163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid proteins and peptides play a pivotal role in the etiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synthetically designed small molecules/ peptides/ peptidomimetics show promise towards inhibition of various kinds of amyloidosis. However, exploration of compounds isolated from natural extracts having such potential is lacking. Herein, we have investigated the repurposing of a traditional Indian medicine Lasunadya Ghrita (LG) in AD. LG is traditionally used to treat gut dysregulation and mental illnesses. Various extracts of LG were obtained, characterized, and analyzed for inhibition of Aβ aggregation. Biophysical studies show that the water extract of LG (LGWE) is more potent in inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation and defibrillation of Aβ40/Aβ42 aggregates. NMR studies showed that LGWE binds to the central hydrophobic area and C-terminal residues of Aβ40/Aβ42, thereby modulating the aggregation, and reducing cell membrane damage. Additionally, LGWE rescues Aβ toxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells evident from decreases in ROS generation, membrane leakage, cellular apoptosis, and calcium dyshomeostasis. Notably, LGWE is non-toxic to neuronal cells and mouse models. Our study thus delves into the mechanistic insights of a repurposed drug LGWE with the potential to ameliorate Aβ induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranit Pariary
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Gourav Shome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Tista Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Anuradha Roy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Sanjeev Rastogi
- State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
| | - Dulal Senapati
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Atin Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India.
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Brüll M, Geese N, Celardo I, Laumann M, Leist M. Preparation of Viable Human Neurites for Neurobiological and Neurodegeneration Studies. Cells 2024; 13:242. [PMID: 38334634 PMCID: PMC10854604 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Few models allow the study of neurite damage in the human central nervous system. We used here dopaminergic LUHMES neurons to establish a culture system that allows for (i) the observation of highly enriched neurites, (ii) the preparation of the neurite fraction for biochemical studies, and (iii) the measurement of neurite markers and metabolites after axotomy. LUHMES-based spheroids, plated in culture dishes, extended neurites of several thousand µm length, while all somata remained aggregated. These cultures allowed an easy microscopic observation of live or fixed neurites. Neurite-only cultures (NOC) were produced by cutting out the still-aggregated somata. The potential application of such cultures was exemplified by determinations of their protein and RNA contents. For instance, the mitochondrial TOM20 protein was highly abundant, while nuclear histone H3 was absent. Similarly, mitochondrial-encoded RNAs were found at relatively high levels, while the mRNA for a histone or the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN (RBFOX3) were relatively depleted in NOC. Another potential use of NOC is the study of neurite degeneration. For this purpose, an algorithm to quantify neurite integrity was developed. Using this tool, we found that the addition of nicotinamide drastically reduced neurite degeneration. Also, the chelation of Ca2+ in NOC delayed the degeneration, while inhibitors of calpains had no effect. Thus, NOC proved to be suitable for biochemical analysis and for studying degeneration processes after a defined cut injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brüll
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.B.); (N.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Nils Geese
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.B.); (N.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivana Celardo
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.B.); (N.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Michael Laumann
- Electron Microscopy Centre, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.B.); (N.G.); (I.C.)
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Lobos P, Vega-Vásquez I, Bruna B, Gleitze S, Toledo J, Härtel S, Hidalgo C, Paula-Lima A. Amyloid β-Oligomers Inhibit the Nuclear Ca 2+ Signals and the Neuroprotective Gene Expression Induced by Gabazine in Hippocampal Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1972. [PMID: 38001825 PMCID: PMC10669355 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neuronal activity generates dendritic and somatic Ca2+ signals, which, depending on stimulus intensity, rapidly propagate to the nucleus and induce the expression of transcription factors and genes with crucial roles in cognitive functions. Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs), the main synaptotoxins engaged in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, generate aberrant Ca2+ signals in primary hippocampal neurons, increase their oxidative tone and disrupt structural plasticity. Here, we explored the effects of sub-lethal AβOs concentrations on activity-generated nuclear Ca2+ signals and on the Ca2+-dependent expression of neuroprotective genes. To induce neuronal activity, neuron-enriched primary hippocampal cultures were treated with the GABAA receptor blocker gabazine (GBZ), and nuclear Ca2+ signals were measured in AβOs-treated or control neurons transfected with a genetically encoded nuclear Ca2+ sensor. Incubation (6 h) with AβOs significantly reduced the nuclear Ca2+ signals and the enhanced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) induced by GBZ. Likewise, incubation (6 h) with AβOs significantly reduced the GBZ-induced increases in the mRNA levels of neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2), and the antioxidant enzyme NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1). Based on these findings we propose that AβOs, by inhibiting the generation of activity-induced nuclear Ca2+ signals, disrupt key neuroprotective gene expression pathways required for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lobos
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (B.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Ignacio Vega-Vásquez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Barbara Bruna
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (B.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Silvia Gleitze
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (B.B.); (J.T.)
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis, Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Anatomy and Biology of Development Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (CIES), Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
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Nakayama H, Ihara D, Fukuchi M, Toume K, Yuri C, Tsuda M, Shibahara N, Tabuchi A. The extract based on the Kampo formula daikenchuto (Da Jian Zhong Tang) induces Bdnf expression and has neurotrophic effects in cultured cortical neurons. J Nat Med 2023; 77:584-595. [PMID: 37148454 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels have been reported in the brains of patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, upregulating BDNF and preventing its decline in the diseased brain could help ameliorate neurological dysfunctions. Accordingly, we sought to discover agents that increase Bdnf expression in neurons. Here, we screened a library of 42 Kampo extracts to identify those with the ability to induce Bdnf expression in cultured cortical neurons. Among the active extracts identified in the screen, we focused on the extract based on the Kampo formula daikenchuto. The extract of daikenchuto in the library used in this study was prepared using the mixture of Zingiberis Rhizoma Processum (ZIN), Zanthoxyli Piperiti Pericarpium (ZAN), and Ginseng Radix (GIN) without Koi. In this study, we defined DKT as the mixture of ZIN, ZAN, and GIN without Koi (DKT extract means the extract prepared from the mixture of ZIN, ZAN, and GIN without Koi). DKT extract significantly increased endogenous Bdnf expression by mediated, at least in part, via Ca2+ signaling involving L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, DKT extract significantly improved the survival of cultured cortical neurons and increased neurite complexity in immature neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that DKT extract induces Bdnf expression and has a neurotrophic effect in neurons. Because BDNF inducers are expected to have therapeutic potential for neurological disorders, re-positioning of Kampo formulations such as daikenchuto may lead to clinical application in diseases associated with reduced BDNF in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fukuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Department of Medicinal Resources Management, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chisato Yuri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Shibahara
- Kampo Education and Training Center, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Tabuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Català-Solsona J, Lituma PJ, Lutzu S, Siedlecki-Wullich D, Fábregas-Ordoñez C, Miñano-Molina AJ, Saura CA, Castillo PE, Rodriguez-Álvarez J. Activity-Dependent Nr4a2 Induction Modulates Synaptic Expression of AMPA Receptors and Plasticity via a Ca 2+/CRTC1/CREB Pathway. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3028-3041. [PMID: 36931707 PMCID: PMC10146469 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1341-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors have a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and the associated modification of neuronal networks required for memory formation and consolidation. The nuclear receptors subfamily 4 group A (Nr4a) have emerged as possible modulators of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Nr4a2-mediated hippocampal synaptic plasticity are not completely known. Here, we report that neuronal activity enhances Nr4a2 expression and function in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons (both sexes) by an ionotropic glutamate receptor/Ca2+/cAMP response element-binding protein/CREB-regulated transcription factor 1 (iGluR/Ca2+/CREB/CRTC1) pathway. Nr4a2 activation mediates BDNF production and increases expression of iGluRs, thereby affecting LTD at CA3-CA1 synapses in acute mouse hippocampal slices (both sexes). Together, our results indicate that the iGluR/Ca2+/CREB/CRTC1 pathway mediates activity-dependent expression of Nr4a2, which is involved in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity by increasing BDNF and synaptic GluA1-AMPARs. Therefore, Nr4a2 activation could be a therapeutic approach for brain disorders associated with dysregulated synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A major factor that regulates fast excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity is the modulation of synaptic AMPARs. However, despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms of this modulation remain poorly understood. Our study identified a molecular pathway that links neuronal activity with AMPAR modulation and hippocampal synaptic plasticity through the activation of Nr4a2, a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily 4. Since several compounds have been described to activate Nr4a2, our study not only provides mechanistic insights into the molecular pathways related to hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning, but also identifies Nr4a2 as a potential therapeutic target for pathologic conditions associated with dysregulation of glutamatergic synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Català-Solsona
- Institut de Neurociències and Departamento Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Pablo J Lituma
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
| | - Stefano Lutzu
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
| | - Dolores Siedlecki-Wullich
- Institut de Neurociències and Departamento Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Cristina Fábregas-Ordoñez
- Institut de Neurociències and Departamento Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Miñano-Molina
- Institut de Neurociències and Departamento Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Carlos A Saura
- Institut de Neurociències and Departamento Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
| | - José Rodriguez-Álvarez
- Institut de Neurociències and Departamento Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
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Pruunsild P, Bengtson CP, Loss I, Lohrer B, Bading H. Expression of the primate-specific LINC00473 RNA in mouse neurons promotes excitability and CREB-regulated transcription. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104671. [PMID: 37019214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The LINC00473 (Lnc473) gene has previously been shown to be associated with cancer and psychiatric disorders. Its expression is elevated in several types of tumors and decreased in the brains of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or major depression. In neurons, Lnc473 transcription is strongly responsive to synaptic activity, suggesting a role in adaptive, plasticity-related mechanisms. However, the function of Lnc473 is largely unknown. Here, using a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, we introduced a primate-specific human Lnc473 RNA into mouse primary neurons. We show that this resulted in a transcriptomic shift comprising downregulation of epilepsy-associated genes and a rise in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity, which was driven by augmented CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) nuclear localization. Moreover, we demonstrate that ectopic Lnc473 expression increased neuronal excitability as well as network excitability. These findings suggest that primates may possess a lineage-specific activity-dependent modulator of CREB-regulated neuronal excitability.
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Novaes de Oliveira Roldan AC, Fernandes Júnior LCC, de Oliveira CEC, Nunes SOV. Impact of ZNF804A rs1344706 or CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphisms on cognition in patients with severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:195-208. [PMID: 35786202 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2097308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis focussed on insights into the relationship between CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum and bipolar disorder (BD) and provide some contributions for clinical practice. METHODS We searched the websites databases (PubMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using eligibility and exclusion criteria to capture all potential studies, based on PICO model and according to the PRISMA. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this systematic review (five referring to CACNA1C-rs1006737 and three related to ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms), with a total of 5759 participants (1751 SCZ patients, 348 BD patients, 3626 controls and 34 first-degree relatives). The results demonstrated that the pooled effect of CACNA1C-rs1006737 (risk difference RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.15) was associated with altered cognitive function in patients with severe mental disorders, but not ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphism (RD = 0.19; 95% CI 0.09-0.48. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis provides evidence regarding slight association between CACNA1C-rs1006737 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in severe mental disorders, indicating that cognitive impairment in severe mental disorders associated with the CACNA1C rs1006737 risk variants could only be expressed when interacting with environmental exposures. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021246726.
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Carlton AJ, Jeng J, Grandi FC, De Faveri F, Ceriani F, De Tomasi L, Underhill A, Johnson SL, Legan KP, Kros CJ, Richardson GP, Mustapha M, Marcotti W. A critical period of prehearing spontaneous Ca 2+ spiking is required for hair-bundle maintenance in inner hair cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112118. [PMID: 36594367 PMCID: PMC9929643 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory-independent Ca2+ spiking regulates the development of mammalian sensory systems. In the immature cochlea, inner hair cells (IHCs) fire spontaneous Ca2+ action potentials (APs) that are generated either intrinsically or by intercellular Ca2+ waves in the nonsensory cells. The extent to which either or both of these Ca2+ signalling mechansims are required for IHC maturation is unknown. We find that intrinsic Ca2+ APs in IHCs, but not those elicited by Ca2+ waves, regulate the maturation and maintenance of the stereociliary hair bundles. Using a mouse model in which the potassium channel Kir2.1 is reversibly overexpressed in IHCs (Kir2.1-OE), we find that IHC membrane hyperpolarization prevents IHCs from generating intrinsic Ca2+ APs but not APs induced by Ca2+ waves. Absence of intrinsic Ca2+ APs leads to the loss of mechanoelectrical transduction in IHCs prior to hearing onset due to progressive loss or fusion of stereocilia. RNA-sequencing data show that pathways involved in morphogenesis, actin filament-based processes, and Rho-GTPase signaling are upregulated in Kir2.1-OE mice. By manipulating in vivo expression of Kir2.1 channels, we identify a "critical time period" during which intrinsic Ca2+ APs in IHCs regulate hair-bundle function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing‐Yi Jeng
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart L Johnson
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Kevin P Legan
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonUK
| | - Corné J Kros
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonUK
| | | | - Mirna Mustapha
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Walter Marcotti
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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9
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Lissek T. Activity-Dependent Induction of Younger Biological Phenotypes. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200119. [PMID: 35976161 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In several mammalian species, including humans, complex stimulation patterns such as cognitive and physical exercise lead to improvements in organ function, organism health and performance, as well as possibly longer lifespans. A framework is introduced here in which activity-dependent transcriptional programs, induced by these environmental stimuli, move somatic cells such as neurons and muscle cells toward a state that resembles younger cells to allow remodeling and adaptation of the organism. This cellular adaptation program targets several process classes that are heavily implicated in aging, such as mitochondrial metabolism, cell-cell communication, and epigenetic information processing, and leads to functional improvements in these areas. The activity-dependent gene program (ADGP) can be seen as a natural, endogenous cellular reprogramming mechanism that provides deep insight into the principles of inducible improvements in cell and organism function and can guide the development of therapeutic approaches for longevity. Here, these ADGPs are analyzed, exemplary critical molecular nexus points such as cAMP response element-binding protein, myocyte enhancer factor 2, serum response factor, and c-Fos are identified, and it is explored how one may leverage them to prevent, attenuate, and reverse human aging-related decline of body function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lissek
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Delint-Ramirez I, Konada L, Heady L, Rueda R, Jacome ASV, Marlin E, Marchioni C, Segev A, Kritskiy O, Yamakawa S, Reiter AH, Tsai LH, Madabhushi R. Calcineurin dephosphorylates topoisomerase IIβ and regulates the formation of neuronal-activity-induced DNA breaks. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3794-3809.e8. [PMID: 36206766 PMCID: PMC9990814 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activity induces topoisomerase IIβ (Top2B) to generate DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within the promoters of neuronal early response genes (ERGs) and facilitate their transcription, and yet, the mechanisms that control Top2B-mediated DSB formation are unknown. Here, we report that stimulus-dependent calcium influx through NMDA receptors activates the phosphatase calcineurin to dephosphorylate Top2B at residues S1509 and S1511, which stimulates its DNA cleavage activity and induces it to form DSBs. Exposing mice to a fear conditioning paradigm also triggers Top2B dephosphorylation at S1509 and S1511 in the hippocampus, indicating that calcineurin also regulates Top2B-mediated DSB formation following physiological neuronal activity. Furthermore, calcineurin-Top2B interactions following neuronal activity and sites that incur activity-induced DSBs are preferentially localized at the nuclear periphery in neurons. Together, these results reveal how radial gene positioning and the compartmentalization of activity-dependent signaling govern the position and timing of activity-induced DSBs and regulate gene expression patterns in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Delint-Ramirez
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lahiri Konada
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lance Heady
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Rueda
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Eric Marlin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Marchioni
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amir Segev
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oleg Kritskiy
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Satoko Yamakawa
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ram Madabhushi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Haddow K, Kind PC, Hardingham GE. NMDA Receptor C-Terminal Domain Signalling in Development, Maturity, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911392. [PMID: 36232696 PMCID: PMC9570437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMDA receptor is a Ca2+-permeant glutamate receptor which plays key roles in health and disease. Canonical NMDARs contain two GluN2 subunits, of which 2A and 2B are predominant in the forebrain. Moreover, the relative contribution of 2A vs. 2B is controlled both developmentally and in an activity-dependent manner. The GluN2 subtype influences the biophysical properties of the receptor through difference in their N-terminal extracellular domain and transmembrane regions, but they also have large cytoplasmic Carboxyl (C)-terminal domains (CTDs) which have diverged substantially during evolution. While the CTD identity does not influence NMDAR subunit specific channel properties, it determines the nature of CTD-associated signalling molecules and has been implicated in mediating the control of subunit composition (2A vs. 2B) at the synapse. Historically, much of the research into the differential function of GluN2 CTDs has been conducted in vitro by over-expressing mutant subunits, but more recently, the generation of knock-in (KI) mouse models have allowed CTD function to be probed in vivo and in ex vivo systems without heterologous expression of GluN2 mutants. In some instances, findings involving KI mice have been in disagreement with models that were proposed based on earlier approaches. This review will examine the current research with the aim of addressing these controversies and how methodology may contribute to differences between studies. We will also discuss the outstanding questions regarding the role of GluN2 CTD sequences in regulating NMDAR subunit composition, as well as their relevance to neurodegenerative disease and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Haddow
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Peter C. Kind
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Correspondence:
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12
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Frank D, Zlotnik A, Boyko M, Gruenbaum BF. The Development of Novel Drug Treatments for Stroke Patients: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5796. [PMID: 35628606 PMCID: PMC9145977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a critical condition that can result in disability and death. The consequences of this medical condition depend on various factors, including the size of the stroke, affected brain region, treatment onset, and the type of treatment. The primary objective of stroke treatment is to restart ischemic penumbra tissue perfusion and reduce infarct volume by sustaining blood flow. Recent research on the condition's pathological pathways and processes has significantly improved treatment options beyond restoring perfusion. Many studies have concentrated on limiting injury severity via the manipulation of molecular mechanisms of ischemia, particularly in animal research. This article reviews completed and ongoing research on the development of acute ischemic stroke drugs. This study focuses on three main categories of antithrombotic drugs, thrombolytic drugs, and neuroprotective agents. The paper outlines findings from animal and clinical trials and explores the working mechanisms of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.Z.); (M.B.)
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13
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Bakaeva Z, Lizunova N, Tarzhanov I, Boyarkin D, Petrichuk S, Pinelis V, Fisenko A, Tuzikov A, Sharipov R, Surin A. Lipopolysaccharide From E. coli Increases Glutamate-Induced Disturbances of Calcium Homeostasis, the Functional State of Mitochondria, and the Death of Cultured Cortical Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:811171. [PMID: 35069113 PMCID: PMC8767065 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.811171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a fragment of the bacterial cell wall, specifically interacting with protein complexes on the cell surface, can induce the production of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic signaling molecules, leading to the damage and death of brain cells. Similar effects have been noted in stroke and traumatic brain injury, when the leading factor of death is glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity too. But being an amphiphilic molecule with a significant hydrophobic moiety and a large hydrophilic region, LPS can also non-specifically bind to the plasma membrane, altering its properties. In the present work, we studied the effect of LPS from Escherichia coli alone and in combination with the hyperstimulation of Glu-receptors on the functional state of mitochondria and Ca2+ homeostasis, oxygen consumption and the cell survival in primary cultures from the rats brain cerebellum and cortex. In both types of cultures, LPS (0.1–10 μg/ml) did not change the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in resting neurons but slowed down the median of the decrease in [Ca2+]i on 14% and recovery of the mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) after Glu removal. LPS did not affect the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cortical neurons; however, it did decrease the acute OCR during Glu and LPS coapplication. Evaluation of the cell culture survival using vital dyes and the MTT assay showed that LPS (10 μg/ml) and Glu (33 μM) reduced jointly and separately the proportion of live cortical neurons, but there was no synergism or additive action. LPS-effects was dependent on the type of culture, that may be related to both the properties of neurons and the different ratio between neurons and glial cells in cultures. The rapid manifestation of these effects may be the consequence of the direct effect of LPS on the rheological properties of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanda Bakaeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of General Biology and Physiology, Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
- *Correspondence: Zanda Bakaeva, ,
| | - Natalia Lizunova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Tarzhanov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Pharmacy, The Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Boyarkin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Petrichuk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Pinelis
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Fisenko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tuzikov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat Sharipov
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Surin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Fan W, Fang C, Yang Y, Zhang C. Comparison of clinical characteristics between cluster and isolated seizures associated with benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 36:26-29. [PMID: 34823071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cluster seizures have not been specifically reported in benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CWG), which are usually considered to have serious outcomes. We aimed to identify the differences between cluster and isolated seizures associated with CWG. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of children hospitalized and diagnosed with CWG from May 2018 to December 2020. A case-control study approach was adopted and patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a cluster seizures group and an isolated seizures group. Then, the clinical characteristics of the patients in the two groups were compared. RESULTS 30 patients(36.6%) were in the cluster seizures group while 52 patients (63.4%) were in the isolated seizures group. The highest incidence of CWG occurs between 12 and 24 months of age. While serum sodium and calcium were within the normal range for both groups, they were lower in the cluster seizures group compared to the isolated seizures group (136.74 ± 2.78 vs 134.65 ± 2.85, P = 0.002; 2.43 ± 0.13 vs 2.37 ± 0.14, P = 0.04). A total of 123 seizures was recorded during the research period and 25 were treated with anticonvulsant drugs. The outcome of anticonvulsant therapy and the prognosis showed no differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION Clinicians need to be highly alert to the possibility of cluster seizures in CWG patients who have reduced sodium and calcium. Besides, CWG patients with cluster seizures do not require excessive investigations, overuse of anticonvulsant therapy compared to those with isolated seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China.
| | - Cuiyun Fang
- Department of Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital Hospital, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
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15
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Català-Solsona J, Miñano-Molina AJ, Rodríguez-Álvarez J. Nr4a2 Transcription Factor in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, Memory and Cognitive Dysfunction: A Perspective Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:786226. [PMID: 34880728 PMCID: PMC8645690 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.786226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting changes of synaptic efficacy are largely mediated by activity-induced gene transcription and are essential for neuronal plasticity and memory. In this scenario, transcription factors have emerged as pivotal players underlying synaptic plasticity and the modification of neural networks required for memory formation and consolidation. Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is widely accepted to underlie the cognitive decline observed in some neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways regulating gene expression profiles may help to identify new synaptic therapeutic targets. The nuclear receptor 4A subfamily (Nr4a) of transcription factors has been involved in a variety of physiological processes within the hippocampus, ranging from inflammation to neuroprotection. Recent studies have also pointed out a role for the activity-dependent nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 (Nr4a2/Nurr1) in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the specific effects of Nr4a2 in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation and we discuss whether the dysregulation of this transcription factor could contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, altogether suggesting the possibility that Nr4a2 may emerge as a novel synaptic therapeutic target in brain pathologies associated to cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Català-Solsona
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Miñano-Molina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Fairless R, Bading H, Diem R. Pathophysiological Ionotropic Glutamate Signalling in Neuroinflammatory Disease as a Therapeutic Target. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:741280. [PMID: 34744612 PMCID: PMC8567076 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.741280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signalling is an essential aspect of neuronal communication involving many different glutamate receptors, and underlies the processes of memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. Despite neuroinflammatory diseases covering a range of maladies with very different biological causes and pathophysiologies, a central role for dysfunctional glutamate signalling is becoming apparent. This is not just restricted to the well-described role of glutamate in mediating neurodegeneration, but also includes a myriad of other influences that glutamate can exert on the vasculature, as well as immune cell and glial regulation, reflecting the ability of neurons to communicate with these compartments in order to couple their activity with neuronal requirements. Here, we discuss the role of pathophysiological glutamate signalling in neuroinflammatory disease, using both multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease as examples, and how current steps are being made to harness our growing understanding of these processes in the development of neuroprotective strategies. This review focuses in particular on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisooxazol-4-yl) propionate (AMPA) type ionotropic glutamate receptors, although metabotropic, G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors may also contribute to neuroinflammatory processes. Given the indispensable roles of glutamate-gated ion channels in synaptic communication, means of pharmacologically distinguishing between physiological and pathophysiological actions of glutamate will be discussed that allow deleterious signalling to be inhibited whilst minimising the disturbance of essential neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Hayase S, Shao C, Kobayashi M, Mori C, Liu WC, Wada K. Seasonal regulation of singing-driven gene expression associated with song plasticity in the canary, an open-ended vocal learner. Mol Brain 2021; 14:160. [PMID: 34715888 PMCID: PMC8556994 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Songbirds are one of the few animal taxa that possess vocal learning abilities. Different species of songbirds exhibit species-specific learning programs during song acquisition. Songbirds with open-ended vocal learning capacity, such as the canary, modify their songs during adulthood. Nevertheless, the neural molecular mechanisms underlying open-ended vocal learning are not fully understood. We investigated the singing-driven expression of neural activity-dependent genes (Arc, Egr1, c-fos, Nr4a1, Sik1, Dusp6, and Gadd45β) in the canary to examine a potential relationship between the gene expression level and the degree of seasonal vocal plasticity at different ages. The expression of these genes was differently regulated throughout the critical period of vocal learning in the zebra finch, a closed-ended song learner. In the canary, the neural activity-dependent genes were induced by singing in the song nuclei throughout the year. However, in the vocal motor nucleus, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), all genes were regulated with a higher induction rate by singing in the fall than in the spring. The singing-driven expression of these genes showed a similar induction rate in the fall between the first year juvenile and the second year adult canaries, suggesting a seasonal, not age-dependent, regulation of the neural activity-dependent genes. By measuring seasonal vocal plasticity and singing-driven gene expression, we found that in RA, the induction intensity of the neural activity-dependent genes was correlated with the state of vocal plasticity. These results demonstrate a correlation between vocal plasticity and the singing-driven expression of neural activity-dependent genes in RA through song development, regardless of whether a songbird species possesses an open- or closed-ended vocal learning capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hayase
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chengru Shao
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mori
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wan-Chun Liu
- Department of Psychology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Wada
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. .,Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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18
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. Dendritic spine membrane proteome and its alterations in autistic spectrum disorder. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 128:435-474. [PMID: 35034726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small protrusions stemming from the dendritic shaft that constitute the primary specialization for receiving and processing excitatory neurotransmission in brain synapses. The disruption of dendritic spine function in several neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases leads to severe information-processing deficits with impairments in neuronal connectivity and plasticity. Spine dysregulation is usually accompanied by morphological alterations to spine shape, size and/or number that may occur at early pathophysiological stages and not necessarily be reflected in clinical manifestations. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one such group of diseases involving changes in neuronal connectivity and abnormal morphology of dendritic spines on postsynaptic neurons. These alterations at the subcellular level correlate with molecular changes in the spine proteome, with alterations in the copy number, topography, or in severe cases in the phenotype of the molecular components, predominantly of those proteins involved in spine recognition and adhesion, reflected in abnormally short lifetimes of the synapse and compensatory increases in synaptic connections. Since cholinergic neurotransmission participates in the regulation of cognitive function (attention, memory, learning processes, cognitive flexibility, social interactions) brain acetylcholine receptors are likely to play an important role in the dysfunctional synapses in ASD, either directly or indirectly via the modulatory functions exerted on other neurotransmitter receptor proteins and spine-resident proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofía Vallés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Spatial Learning Is Associated with Antagonist Outcomes for DNA Methylation and DNA Hydroxymethylation in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Ryanodine Receptor 3. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9930962. [PMID: 34434232 PMCID: PMC8380497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been drawn to the role that intracellular calcium stores play in neuronal function. Ryr3 is an intracellular calcium channel that contributes to hippocampal long-term potentiation, dendritic spine function, and higher cognitive processes. Interestingly, stimuli that increase neuronal activity upregulate the transcriptional activity of Ryr3 and augment DNA methylation in its proximal promoter. However, if these observations are valid for complex behavioral tasks such as learning and memory remains being evaluated. Relative expression analysis revealed that spatial learning increased the hippocampal levels of Ryr3, whereas mice trained using a visible platform that resulted in no spatial association showed reduced expression. Interestingly, we also observed that specific DNA modifications accompanied these opposite transcriptional changes. Increased DNA methylation was observed in hippocampal samples from spatially trained mice, and increased DNA hydroxymethylation was found in samples from mice trained using a visible platform. Both DNA modifications were not altered in control regions, suggesting that these changes are not generalized, but rather specific modifications associated with this calcium channel's transcriptional regulation. Our two experimental groups underwent the same physical task differing only in the spatial learning component, highlighting the tight relationship between DNA modifications and transcriptional activity in a relevant context such as behavioral training. Our results complement previous observations and suggest that DNA modifications are a reliable signal for the transcriptional activity of Ryr3 and can be useful to understand how conditions such as aging and neuropathological diseases determine altered Ryr3 expression.
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20
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RyR-mediated Ca 2+ release elicited by neuronal activity induces nuclear Ca 2+ signals, CREB phosphorylation, and Npas4/RyR2 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102265118. [PMID: 34389673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102265118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of several hippocampal genes implicated in learning and memory processes requires that Ca2+ signals generated in dendritic spines, dendrites, or the soma in response to neuronal stimulation reach the nucleus. The diffusion of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is highly restricted, so neurons must use other mechanisms to propagate Ca2+ signals to the nucleus. Here, we present evidence showing that Ca2+ release mediated by the ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel type-2 isoform (RyR2) contributes to the generation of nuclear Ca2+ signals induced by gabazine (GBZ) addition, glutamate uncaging in the dendrites, or high-frequency field stimulation of primary hippocampal neurons. Additionally, GBZ treatment significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation-a key event in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal memory-and enhanced the expression of Neuronal Per Arnt Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) and RyR2, two central regulators of these processes. Suppression of RyR-mediated Ca2+ release with ryanodine significantly reduced the increase in CREB phosphorylation and the enhanced Npas4 and RyR2 expression induced by GBZ. We propose that RyR-mediated Ca2+ release induced by neuronal activity, through its contribution to the sequential generation of nuclear Ca2+ signals, CREB phosphorylation, Npas4, and RyR2 up-regulation, plays a central role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory processes.
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21
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Saldías MP, Maureira D, Orellana-Serradell O, Silva I, Lavanderos B, Cruz P, Torres C, Cáceres M, Cerda O. TRP Channels Interactome as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621614. [PMID: 34178620 PMCID: PMC8222984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types worldwide and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although significant therapeutic advances have been achieved with drugs such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, breast cancer still caused 627,000 deaths in 2018. Since cancer is a multifactorial disease, it has become necessary to develop new molecular therapies that can target several relevant cellular processes at once. Ion channels are versatile regulators of several physiological- and pathophysiological-related mechanisms, including cancer-relevant processes such as tumor progression, apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Ion channels are the main regulators of cellular functions, conducting ions selectively through a pore-forming structure located in the plasma membrane, protein–protein interactions one of their main regulatory mechanisms. Among the different ion channel families, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family stands out in the context of breast cancer since several members have been proposed as prognostic markers in this pathology. However, only a few approaches exist to block their specific activity during tumoral progress. In this article, we describe several TRP channels that have been involved in breast cancer progress with a particular focus on their binding partners that have also been described as drivers of breast cancer progression. Here, we propose disrupting these interactions as attractive and potential new therapeutic targets for treating this neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Torres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Wu S, Yang S, Ou M, Chen J, Huang J, Xiong D, Sun W, Xiao L. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Role of Cellular Calcium Disorder in Varicella Zoster Virus-Induced Post-Herpetic Neuralgia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665931. [PMID: 34079439 PMCID: PMC8166323 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical neuropathic pain, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common complication of herpes zoster (HZ), which seriously affects the normal life and work of patients. The unclear pathogenesis and lack of effective drugs make the clinical efficacy of PHN unsatisfactory. Here, we obtained the transcriptome profile of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and DRG in rats infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) combined with publicly available gene array data sets. Next, the data processing of the transcriptome map was analyzed using bioinformatics methods, including the screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Finally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of calcium-related genes, and calcium fluorescent probes and calcium colorimetry were used to evaluate the distribution and content of calcium ions in cells after VZV infection. Transcriptome data analysis (GO and KEGG enrichment analysis) showed that calcium disorder played an important role in SH-SY5Y cells infected by VZV and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the PHN rat model. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of calcium-related genes BHLHA15, CACNA1F, CACNG1, CHRNA9, and STC2 were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of CHRNA10, HRC, and TNNT3 were significantly downregulated in SH-SY5Y cells infected with VZV. Our calcium fluorescent probe and calcium colorimetric test results showed that VZV could change the distribution of calcium ions in infected cells and significantly increase the intracellular calcium content. In conclusion, our results revealed that the persistence of calcium disorder caused by VZV in nerve cells might be a crucial cause of herpetic neuralgia, and a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Wu
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxi Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Vanke Bilingual School (VBS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabing Huang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglin Xiong
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Local miRNA-Dependent Translational Control of GABA AR Synthesis during Inhibitory Long-Term Potentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107785. [PMID: 32579917 PMCID: PMC7486624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity at brain inhibitory synapses remain poorly characterized. Increased postsynaptic clustering of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) rapidly strengthens inhibition during inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP). However, it is unclear how synaptic GABAAR clustering is maintained to sustain iLTP. Here, we identify a role for miR376c in regulating the translation of mRNAs encoding the synaptic α1 and γ2 GABAAR subunits, GABRA1 and GABRG2, respectively. Following iLTP induction, transcriptional repression of miR376c is induced through a calcineurin-NFAT-HDAC signaling pathway and promotes increased translation and clustering of synaptic GABAARs. This pathway is essential for the long-term expression of iLTP and is blocked by miR376c overexpression, specifically impairing inhibitory synaptic strength. Finally, we show that local de novo synthesis of synaptic GABAARs occurs exclusively in dendrites and in a miR376c-dependent manner following iLTP. Together, this work describes a local post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates inhibitory synaptic plasticity via miRNA control of dendritic protein synthesis. Clustering of GABAARs at inhibitory synapses is crucial for synaptic inhibition. Rajgor et al. discover that synaptic GABAAR expression is controlled by their local translation, regulated by miR376c. During inhibitory synaptic potentiation, miR376c is downregulated, relieving its translational repression of GABAAR mRNAs and leading to de novo synthesis of dendritic GABAARs.
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24
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Fazeli E, Hosseini A, Heidari MH, Farifteh-Nobijari F, Salehi M, Abbaszadeh HA, Nazarian H, Shams Mofarahe Z, Ayoubi S, Hosseini S, Shayeghpour M, Bandehpour M, Ghaffari Novin M. Meiosis Resumption of Immature Human Oocytes following Treatment with Calcium Ionophore In Vitro. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:109-118. [PMID: 33650827 PMCID: PMC7944122 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In vitro maturation (IVM) of human oocytes is used to induce meiosis progression in immature retrieved
oocytes. Calcium (Ca2+) has a central role in oocyte physiology. Passage through meiosis phase to another phase
is controlled by increasing intracellular Ca2+. Therefore, the current research was conducted to evaluate the role of
calcium ionophore (CI) on human oocyte IVM. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, immature human oocytes were obtained from 216 intracytoplasmic
sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. After ovarian stimulation, germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were collected and
categorized into two groups: with and without 10 µM CI treatment. Next, oocyte nuclear maturation was assessed after
24–28 hours of culture. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the
transcript profile of several oocyte maturation-related genes (MAPK3, CCNB1, CDK1, and cyclin D1 [CCND1]) and
apoptotic-related genes (BCL-2, BAX, and Caspase-3). Oocyte glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
levels were assessed using Cell Tracker Blue and 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) fluorescent
dye staining. Oocyte spindle configuration and chromosome alignment were analysed by immunocytochemistry. Results: The metaphase II (MII) oocyte rate was higher in CI‐treated oocytes (73.53%) compared to the control
(67.43%) group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.13). The mRNA expression profile of oocyte
maturation-related genes (MAPK3, CCNB1, CDK1, and CCND1) (P<0.05) and the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene was
remarkably up-regulated after treatment with CI (P=0.001). The pro-apoptotic BAX and Caspase-3 relative expression
levels did not change significantly. The CI‐treated oocyte cytoplasm had significantly higher GSH and lower ROS
(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome alignment
between CI treatment and the control group oocytes. Conclusion: The finding of the current study supports the role of CI in meiosis resumption of human oocytes.
(Registration Number: IRCT20140707018381N4)
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Fazeli
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Mehr Fertility Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Mehr Fertility Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hasan Heidari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Farifteh-Nobijari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Genetics and In Vitro Assisted Reproductive (GIVAR) Center, Erfan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shams Mofarahe
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Ayoubi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Sara Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Shayeghpour
- Genetics and In Vitro Assisted Reproductive (GIVAR) Center, Erfan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Marefat Ghaffari Novin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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HUZARD D, RAPPENEAU V, MEIJER OC, TOUMA C, ARANGO-LIEVANO M, GARABEDIAN MJ, JEANNETEAU F. Experience and activity-dependent control of glucocorticoid receptors during the stress response in large-scale brain networks. Stress 2021; 24:130-153. [PMID: 32755268 PMCID: PMC7907260 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1806226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of actions of the glucocorticoid stress hormones among individuals and within organs, tissues and cells is shaped by age, gender, genetics, metabolism, and the quantity of exposure. However, such factors cannot explain the heterogeneity of responses in the brain within cells of the same lineage, or similar tissue environment, or in the same individual. Here, we argue that the stress response is continuously updated by synchronized neural activity on large-scale brain networks. This occurs at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels by crosstalk communication between activity-dependent and glucocorticoid signaling pathways, which updates the diversity of responses based on prior experience. Such a Bayesian process determines adaptation to the demands of the body and external world. We propose a framework for understanding how the diversity of glucocorticoid actions throughout brain networks is essential for supporting optimal health, while its disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, such as major depression, and resistance to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien HUZARD
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie RAPPENEAU
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Onno C. MEIJER
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chadi TOUMA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Margarita ARANGO-LIEVANO
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Freddy JEANNETEAU
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author:
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26
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Kinoshita PF, Orellana AMM, Nakao VW, de Souza Port's NM, Quintas LEM, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. The Janus face of ouabain in Na + /K + -ATPase and calcium signalling in neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1512-1524. [PMID: 33644859 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+ /K+ -ATPase, a transmembrane protein essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, acts as a receptor for cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain. Cardiotonic steroids binding to Na+ /K+ -ATPase triggers signalling pathways or inhibits Na+ /K+ -ATPas activity in a concentration-dependent manner, resulting in a modulation of Ca2+ levels, which are essential for homeostasis in neurons. However, most of the pharmacological strategies for avoiding neuronal death do not target Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity due to its complexity and the poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in Na+ /K+ -ATPase modulation. The present review aims to discuss two points regarding the interplay between Na+ /K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ signalling in the brain. One, Na+ /K+ -ATPase impairment causing illness and neuronal death due to Ca2+ signalling and two, benefits to the brain by modulating Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity. These interactions play an essential role in neuronal cell fate determination and are relevant to find new targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Marques Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Watanabe Nakao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natacha Medeiros de Souza Port's
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Menezes Quintas
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Yan J, Bengtson CP, Buchthal B, Hagenston AM, Bading H. Coupling of NMDA receptors and TRPM4 guides discovery of unconventional neuroprotectants. Science 2020; 370:370/6513/eaay3302. [PMID: 33033186 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity induced by NMDA receptors (NMDARs) is thought to be intimately linked to high intracellular calcium load. Unexpectedly, NMDAR-mediated toxicity can be eliminated without affecting NMDAR-induced calcium signals. Instead, excitotoxicity requires physical coupling of NMDARs to TRPM4. This interaction is mediated by intracellular domains located in the near-membrane portions of the receptors. Structure-based computational drug screening using the interaction interface of TRPM4 in complex with NMDARs identified small molecules that spare NMDAR-induced calcium signaling but disrupt the NMDAR/TRPM4 complex. These interaction interface inhibitors strongly reduce NMDA-triggered toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, abolish cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) shutoff, boost gene induction, and reduce neuronal loss in mouse models of stroke and retinal degeneration. Recombinant or small-molecule NMDAR/TRPM4 interface inhibitors may mitigate currently untreatable human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Buchthal
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Bae B, Gruner HN, Lynch M, Feng T, So K, Oliver D, Mastick GS, Yan W, Pieraut S, Miura P. Elimination of Calm1 long 3'-UTR mRNA isoform by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing impairs dorsal root ganglion development and hippocampal neuron activation in mice. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:1414-1430. [PMID: 32522888 PMCID: PMC7491327 DOI: 10.1261/rna.076430.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of mouse and human genes are subject to alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA), which most often leads to the expression of two or more alternative length 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) mRNA isoforms. In neural tissues, there is enhanced expression of APA isoforms with longer 3'-UTRs on a global scale, but the physiological relevance of these alternative 3'-UTR isoforms is poorly understood. Calmodulin 1 (Calm1) is a key integrator of calcium signaling that generates short (Calm1-S) and long (Calm1-L) 3'-UTR mRNA isoforms via APA. We found Calm1-L expression to be largely restricted to neural tissues in mice including the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hippocampus, whereas Calm1-S was more broadly expressed. smFISH revealed that both Calm1-S and Calm1-L were subcellularly localized to neural processes of primary hippocampal neurons. In contrast, cultured DRG showed restriction of Calm1-L to soma. To investigate the in vivo functions of Calm1-L, we implemented a CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing strategy to delete a small region encompassing the Calm1 distal poly(A) site. This eliminated Calm1-L expression while maintaining expression of Calm1-S Mice lacking Calm1-L (Calm1ΔL/ΔL ) exhibited disorganized DRG migration in embryos, and reduced experience-induced neuronal activation in the adult hippocampus. These data indicate that Calm1-L plays functional roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongmin Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Hannah N Gruner
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Maebh Lynch
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Kevin So
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Daniel Oliver
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Grant S Mastick
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Simon Pieraut
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Pedro Miura
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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29
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Runge K, Cardoso C, de Chevigny A. Dendritic Spine Plasticity: Function and Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00036
expr 823669561 + 872784217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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30
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Runge K, Cardoso C, de Chevigny A. Dendritic Spine Plasticity: Function and Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:36. [PMID: 32982715 PMCID: PMC7484486 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small protrusions studding neuronal dendrites, first described in 1888 by Ramón y Cajal using his famous Golgi stainings. Around 50 years later the advance of electron microscopy (EM) confirmed Cajal's intuition that spines constitute the postsynaptic site of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. The finding that spine density decreases between young and adult ages in fixed tissues suggested that spines are dynamic. It is only a decade ago that two-photon microscopy (TPM) has unambiguously proven the dynamic nature of spines, through the repeated imaging of single spines in live animals. Spine dynamics comprise formation, disappearance, and stabilization of spines and are modulated by neuronal activity and developmental age. Here, we review several emerging concepts in the field that start to answer the following key questions: What are the external signals triggering spine dynamics and the molecular mechanisms involved? What is, in return, the role of spine dynamics in circuit-rewiring, learning, and neuropsychiatric disorders?
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Runge
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine de Chevigny
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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31
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Mahoney R, Ochoa Thomas E, Ramirez P, Miller HE, Beckmann A, Zuniga G, Dobrowolski R, Frost B. Pathogenic Tau Causes a Toxic Depletion of Nuclear Calcium. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107900. [PMID: 32668249 PMCID: PMC7428851 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic activity-induced calcium (Ca2+) influx and subsequent propagation into the nucleus is a major way in which synapses communicate with the nucleus to regulate transcriptional programs important for activity-dependent survival and memory formation. Nuclear Ca2+ shapes the transcriptome by regulating cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB). Here, we utilize a Drosophila model of tauopathy and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from humans with Alzheimer's disease to study the effects of pathogenic tau, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, on nuclear Ca2+. We find that pathogenic tau depletes nuclear Ca2+ and CREB to drive neuronal death, that CREB-regulated genes are over-represented among differentially expressed genes in tau transgenic Drosophila, and that activation of big potassium (BK) channels elevates nuclear Ca2+ and suppresses tau-induced neurotoxicity. Our studies identify nuclear Ca2+ depletion as a mechanism contributing to tau-induced neurotoxicity, adding an important dimension to the calcium hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Mahoney
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ochoa Thomas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paulino Ramirez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Henry E Miller
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Greehey Children's Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Beckmann
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gabrielle Zuniga
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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32
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Servili E, Trus M, Sajman J, Sherman E, Atlas D. Elevated basal transcription can underlie timothy channel association with autism related disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 191:101820. [PMID: 32437834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Timothy syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the pore-forming subunit α11.2 of the L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channel Cav1.2, at positions G406R or G402S. Although both mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias, only Cav1.2G406R is associated with the autism-spectrum-disorder (ASD). We show that transcriptional activation by Cav1.2G406R and Cav1.2G402S is driven by membrane depolarization through the Ras/ERK/CREB pathway in a process called excitation-transcription (ET) coupling, as previously shown for wt Cav1.2. This process requires the presence of the intracellular β-subunit of the channel. We found that only the autism-associated mutant Cav1.2G406R, as opposed to the non-autistic mutated channel Cav1.2G402S, exhibits a depolarization-independent CREB phosphorylation, and spontaneous transcription of cFos and MeCP2. A leftward voltage-shift typical of Cav1.2G406R activation, increases channel opening at subthreshold potentials, resulting in an enhanced channel activity, as opposed to a rightward shift in Cav1.2G402S. We suggest that the enhanced spontaneous Cav1.2G406R activity accounts for the increase in basal transcriptional activation. This uncontroled transcriptional activation may result in the manifestation of long-term dysregulations such as autism. Thus, gating changes provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular events underlying the autistic phenomena caused by the G406R Timothy mutation. They might clarify whether a constitutive transcriptional activation accompanies other VGCC that exhibit a leftward voltage-shift of activation and are also associated with long-term cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Servili
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Israel
| | - Michael Trus
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Israel
| | - Julia Sajman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Israel.
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Wild AR, Sinnen BL, Dittmer PJ, Kennedy MJ, Sather WA, Dell'Acqua ML. Synapse-to-Nucleus Communication through NFAT Is Mediated by L-type Ca 2+ Channel Ca 2+ Spike Propagation to the Soma. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3537-3550.e4. [PMID: 30917310 PMCID: PMC6521872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term information storage in the brain requires continual modification of the neuronal transcriptome. Synaptic inputs located hundreds of micrometers from the nucleus can regulate gene transcription, requiring high-fidelity, long-range signaling from synapses in dendrites to the nucleus in the cell soma. Here, we describe a synapse-to-nucleus signaling mechanism for the activity-dependent transcription factor NFAT. NMDA receptors activated on distal dendrites were found to initiate L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) spikes that quickly propagated the length of the dendrite to the soma. Surprisingly, LTCC propagation did not require voltage-gated Na+ channels or back-propagating action potentials. NFAT nuclear recruitment and transcriptional activation only occurred when LTCC spikes invaded the somatic compartment, and the degree of NFAT activation correlated with the number of somatic LTCC Ca2+ spikes. Together, these data support a model for synapse to nucleus communication where NFAT integrates somatic LTCC Ca2+ spikes to alter transcription during periods of heightened neuronal activity. Signaling from synapse to nucleus can alter transcription and consolidate long-term changes in neuronal function. Wild et al. uncover a mechanism for rapid long-distance signaling from distal dendrites to the nucleus that utilizes L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Ca2+ spikes to activate the transcription factor NFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke L Sinnen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Philip J Dittmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William A Sather
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Phillips KF, Santos E, Blair RE, Deshpande LS. Targeting Intracellular Calcium Stores Alleviates Neurological Morbidities in a DFP-Based Rat Model of Gulf War Illness. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:567-578. [PMID: 30859209 PMCID: PMC6542335 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder afflicting the veterans of the First Gulf War, and includes neurological symptoms characterized by depression and memory deficits. Chronic exposure to organophosphates (OPs) is considered a leading cause for GWI, yet its pathobiology is not fully understood. We recently observed chronic elevations in neuronal Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in an OP-diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)-based rat model for GWI. This study was aimed at identifying mechanisms underlying elevated [Ca2+]i in this DFP model and investigating whether their therapeutic targeting could improve GWI-like neurological morbidities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (9 weeks) were exposed to DFP (0.5 mg/kg, s.c., 1×-daily for 5 days) and at 3 months postDFP exposure, behavior was assessed and rats were euthanized for protein estimations and ratiometric Fura-2 [Ca2+]i estimations in acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons. In DFP rats, a sustained elevation in intracellular Ca2+ levels occurred, and pharmacological blockade of Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release mechanisms significantly lowered elevated [Ca2+]i in DFP neurons. Significant reductions in the protein levels of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) stabilizing protein Calstabin2 were also noted. Such a posttranslational modification would render RyR “leaky” resulting in sustained DFP [Ca2+]i elevations. Antagonism of RyR with levetiracetam significantly lower elevated [Ca2+]i in DFP neurons and improved GWI-like behavioral symptoms. Since Ca2+ is a major second messenger molecule, such chronic increases in its levels could underlie pathological synaptic plasticity that expresses itself as GWI morbidities. Our studies show that treatment with drugs targeted at blocking intracellular Ca2+ release could be effective therapies for GWI neurological morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laxmikant S Deshpande
- Departments of Neurology.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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35
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Hagenston AM, Bading H, Bas-Orth C. Functional Consequences of Calcium-Dependent Synapse-to-Nucleus Communication: Focus on Transcription-Dependent Metabolic Plasticity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035287. [PMID: 31570333 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, calcium signals play a major role in the conversion of synaptic stimuli into transcriptional responses. Signal-regulated gene transcription is fundamental for a range of long-lasting adaptive brain functions that include learning and memory, structural plasticity of neurites and synapses, acquired neuroprotection, chronic pain, and addiction. In this review, we summarize the diverse mechanisms governing calcium-dependent transcriptional regulation associated with central nervous system plasticity. We focus on recent advances in the field of synapse-to-nucleus communication that include studies of the signal-regulated transcriptome in human neurons, identification of novel regulatory mechanisms such as activity-induced DNA double-strand breaks, and the identification of novel forms of activity- and transcription-dependent adaptations, in particular, metabolic plasticity. We summarize the reciprocal interactions between different kinds of neuroadaptations and highlight the emerging role of activity-regulated epigenetic modifiers in gating the inducibility of signal-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Adams CJ, Krueger R, Meade TJ. A Multimodal Ca(II) Responsive Near IR-MR Contrast Agent Exhibiting High Cellular Uptake. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:334-341. [PMID: 31967770 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ca(II) ions are critical for the proper function of neurons by contributing to synaptic signaling and regulating neuronal plasticity. Dysregulation of Ca(II) is associated with a number of pathologies that cause neurodegeneration; therefore the ability to monitor Ca(II) intracellularly is an important target for molecular imaging. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is a promising modality for imaging changes in Ca(II) concentrations. However, the majority of Ca(II) responsive MR agents are limited to the extracellular space or hindered by poor cellular uptake. Here, we describe a new class of multimodal, bioresponsive Ca(II) magnetic resonance agents that are coupled to the NIR probe IR-783. This new design is based on previous generations of our Ca(II) MR agents but overcomes two significant challenges: (1) the presence of the NIR probe dramatically increases cellular uptake of the agent and (2) provides histological validation of the MR signal using NIR fluorescence imaging. IR-783 targets organic anion transporter polypeptides, and we demonstrate that the agents are not toxic in HT-22 or U-87 MG cells up to 20 μM. The cellular uptake of complex 1 was measured to be greater than 16 femtomoles per cell (where ∼1 femtomole/cell is detectable in acquired MR images). Complex 1 is simultaneously detectable by both MR and NIR fluorescence imaging in vitro and is activated (turned on) by intracellular Ca(II) at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Adams
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ruby Krueger
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Díaz-Hung ML, Martínez G, Hetz C. Emerging roles of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the nervous system: A link with adaptive behavior to environmental stress? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:29-61. [PMID: 32138903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressors elicit a neuroendocrine response leading to increased levels of glucocorticoids, allowing the organism to adapt to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis. Glucocorticoids have a broad effect in the body, modifying the activity of the immune system, metabolism, and behavior through the activation of receptors in the limbic system. Chronic exposition to stressors operates as a risk factor for psychiatric diseases such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Among the cellular alterations observed as a consequence of environmental stress, alterations to organelle function at the level of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are emerging as possible factors contributing to neuronal dysfunction. ER proteostasis alterations elicit the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved signaling network that re-establish protein homeostasis. In addition, in the context of brain function, the UPR has been associated to neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and neuronal connectivity. Recent studies suggest a role of the UPR in the adaptive behavior to stress, suggesting a mechanistic link between environmental and cellular stress. Here, we revise recent evidence supporting an evolutionary connection between the neuroendocrine system and the UPR to modulate behavioral adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Díaz-Hung
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.
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38
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Abstract
Ionized calcium (Ca2+) is the most versatile cellular messenger. All cells use Ca2+ signals to regulate their activities in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Alterations in cellular Ca2+ signaling and/or Ca2+ homeostasis can subvert physiological processes into driving pathological outcomes. Imaging of living cells over the past decades has demonstrated that Ca2+ signals encode information in their frequency, kinetics, amplitude, and spatial extent. These parameters alter depending on the type and intensity of stimulation, and cellular context. Moreover, it is evident that different cell types produce widely varying Ca2+ signals, with properties that suit their physiological functions. This primer discusses basic principles and mechanisms underlying cellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ homeostasis. Consequently, we have cited some historical articles in addition to more recent findings. A brief summary of the core features of cellular Ca2+ signaling is provided, with particular focus on Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ transport across cellular membranes, as well as mechanisms by which Ca2+ signals activate downstream effector systems.
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39
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Rienecker KDA, Poston RG, Saha RN. Merits and Limitations of Studying Neuronal Depolarization-Dependent Processes Using Elevated External Potassium. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420974807. [PMID: 33256465 PMCID: PMC7711227 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420974807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated extracellular potassium chloride is widely used to achieve membrane depolarization of cultured neurons. This technique has illuminated mechanisms of calcium influx through L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels, activity-regulated signaling, downstream transcriptional events, and many other intracellular responses to depolarization. However, there is enormous variability in these treatments, including durations from seconds to days and concentrations from 3mM to 150 mM KCl. Differential effects of these variable protocols on neuronal activity and transcriptional programs are underexplored. Furthermore, potassium chloride treatments in vitro are criticized for being poor representatives of in vivo phenomena and are questioned for their effects on cell viability. In this review, we discuss the intracellular consequences of elevated extracellular potassium chloride treatment in vitro, the variability of such treatments in the literature, the strengths and limitations of this tool, and relevance of these studies to brain functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira D. A. Rienecker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| | - Robert G. Poston
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| | - Ramendra N. Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
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40
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Ijomone OM, Aluko OM, Okoh COA, Martins AC, Aschner M. Role for calcium signaling in manganese neurotoxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:146-155. [PMID: 31470248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential macronutrient that is involved in many cellular processes. Homeostatic control of intracellular levels of calcium ions [Ca2+] is vital to maintaining cellular structure and function. Several signaling molecules are involved in regulating Ca2+ levels in cells and perturbation of calcium signaling processes is implicated in several neurodegenerative and neurologic conditions. Manganese [Mn] is a metal which is essential for basic physiological functions. However, overexposure to Mn from environmental contamination and workplace hazards is a global concern. Mn overexposure leads to its accumulation in several human organs particularly the brain. Mn accumulation in the brain results in a manganism, a Parkinsonian-like syndrome. Additionally, Mn is a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mn neurotoxicity also affects several neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic. The mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still being elucidated. AIM The review will highlight a potential role for calcium signaling molecules in the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Ca2+ regulation influences the neurodegenerative process and there is possible role for perturbed calcium signaling in Mn neurotoxicity. Mechanisms implicated in Mn-induced neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, generation of free radicals, and apoptosis. These are influenced by mitochondrial integrity which can be dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, further elucidation of the direct effects of calcium signaling dysfunction and calcium-binding proteins activities in Mn neurotoxicity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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41
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Tyssowski KM, Gray JM. The neuronal stimulation-transcription coupling map. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 59:87-94. [PMID: 31163285 PMCID: PMC6885097 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurons transcribe different genes in response to different extracellular stimuli, and these genes regulate neuronal plasticity. Thus, understanding how different stimuli regulate different stimulus-dependent gene modules would deepen our understanding of plasticity. To systematically dissect the coupling between stimulation and transcription, we propose creating a 'stimulation-transcription coupling map' that describes the transcription response to each possible extracellular stimulus. While we are currently far from having a complete map, recent genomic experiments have begun to facilitate its creation. Here, we describe the current state of the stimulation-transcription coupling map as well as the transcriptional regulation that enables this coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Tyssowski
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jesse M Gray
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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42
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Sarkar S, Chowdhury A, Singh PC. Multimodal Interactions of Dopamine Hydrochloride with the Groove Region of DNA: A Key Factor in the Enhanced Stability of DNA. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10700-10708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunipa Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhinanda Chowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prashant Chandra Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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43
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Yap EL, Greenberg ME. Activity-Regulated Transcription: Bridging the Gap between Neural Activity and Behavior. Neuron 2019; 100:330-348. [PMID: 30359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene transcription is the process by which the genetic codes of organisms are read and interpreted as a set of instructions for cells to divide, differentiate, migrate, and mature. As cells function in their respective niches, transcription further allows mature cells to interact dynamically with their external environment while reliably retaining fundamental information about past experiences. In this Review, we provide an overview of the field of activity-dependent transcription in the vertebrate brain and highlight contemporary work that ranges from studies of activity-dependent chromatin modifications to plasticity mechanisms underlying adaptive behaviors. We identify key gaps in knowledge and propose integrated approaches toward a deeper understanding of how activity-dependent transcription promotes the refinement and plasticity of neural circuits for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Lynn Yap
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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44
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Pruunsild P, Bading H. Shaping the human brain: evolutionary cis-regulatory plasticity drives changes in synaptic activity-controlled adaptive gene expression. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 59:34-40. [PMID: 31102862 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity-induced gene expression programs involved in synaptic structure- and plasticity-related functions are similar in mice and humans, yet bear distinct features. These include gains or losses of activity-responsiveness of certain genes and differences in gene induction profiles. Here, we discuss a possible origin of dissimilarities in activity-regulated transcription between species. We highlight that while synapse-to-nucleus signalling pathways are evolutionarily conserved, cis-regulatory plasticity has been driving species-specific remodelling of the activity-controlled enhancer landscape, thereby affecting gene regulation. In particular, evolutionary rearrangements of transcription factor binding site placements together with potential species-dependent developmental stage- and/or cell type-specific epigenetic and other trans-acting mechanisms are most likely at least in part accountable for between-species diversity in activity-regulated transcription. It is conceivable that cis-regulatory plasticity may have equipped the synaptic activity-driven adaptive gene program in human neurons with unique, species-specific qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priit Pruunsild
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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45
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Zhou L, Duan J. The C-terminus of NMDAR GluN1-1a Subunit Translocates to Nucleus and Regulates Synaptic Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:334. [PMID: 30333730 PMCID: PMC6176477 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDARs, the Ca2+ permeable channels, play central roles in synaptic plasticity, brain development, learning, and memory. NMDAR binding partners and associated signaling has been extensively studied in synapse-to-nucleus communications. However, whether NMDARs could directly regulate synapse-to-nucleus communications is largely unknown. Here, we analyze the four alternative splicing of the C-terminus isoforms of GluN1 (1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a), and find that C1 domain of GluN1 is necessary for nuclear localization. Besides, we find that the 10 basic amino acids in C1 domain determine the nuclear localization of GluN1 C-terminus. Further investigating the expression patterns of the full length of GluN1 four isoforms shows that only GluN-1a exhibits the cytoplasmic and nucleus distribution in primary hippocampal neurons. Electrophysiological analyses also show that over-expression of GluN1 C-terminus without C1 domain doesn't affect synaptic transmission, whereas GluN1 C-terminus containing C1 domain potentiates NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission. Our data suggested that the 10 basic amino acids in C1 domain determine translocation of GluN1 C-terminus into nucleus and regulate synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Sachana M, Rolaki A, Bal-Price A. Development of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP): Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilities of children. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:153-175. [PMID: 29524501 PMCID: PMC6095943 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are designed to provide mechanistic understanding of complex biological systems and pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs) relevant to regulatory endpoints. AOP concept captures in a structured way the causal relationships resulting from initial chemical interaction with biological target(s) (molecular initiating event) to an AO manifested in individual organisms and/or populations through a sequential series of key events (KEs), which are cellular, anatomical and/or functional changes in biological processes. An AOP provides the mechanistic detail required to support chemical safety assessment, the development of alternative methods and the implementation of an integrated testing strategy. An example of the AOP relevant to developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is described here following the requirements of information defined by the OECD Users' Handbook Supplement to the Guidance Document for developing and assessing AOPs. In this AOP, the binding of an antagonist to glutamate receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDAR) receptor is defined as MIE. This MIE triggers a cascade of cellular KEs including reduction of intracellular calcium levels, reduction of brain derived neurotrophic factor release, neuronal cell death, decreased glutamate presynaptic release and aberrant dendritic morphology. At organ level, the above mentioned KEs lead to decreased synaptogenesis and decreased neuronal network formation and function causing learning and memory deficit at organism level, which is defined as the AO. There are in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological data that support the described KEs and their causative relationships rendering this AOP relevant to DNT evaluation in the context of regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
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47
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Sachana M, Rolaki A, Bal-Price A. Development of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP): Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilities of children. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:153-175. [PMID: 29524501 DOI: 10.1787/5jlsqs5hcrmq-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are designed to provide mechanistic understanding of complex biological systems and pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs) relevant to regulatory endpoints. AOP concept captures in a structured way the causal relationships resulting from initial chemical interaction with biological target(s) (molecular initiating event) to an AO manifested in individual organisms and/or populations through a sequential series of key events (KEs), which are cellular, anatomical and/or functional changes in biological processes. An AOP provides the mechanistic detail required to support chemical safety assessment, the development of alternative methods and the implementation of an integrated testing strategy. An example of the AOP relevant to developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is described here following the requirements of information defined by the OECD Users' Handbook Supplement to the Guidance Document for developing and assessing AOPs. In this AOP, the binding of an antagonist to glutamate receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDAR) receptor is defined as MIE. This MIE triggers a cascade of cellular KEs including reduction of intracellular calcium levels, reduction of brain derived neurotrophic factor release, neuronal cell death, decreased glutamate presynaptic release and aberrant dendritic morphology. At organ level, the above mentioned KEs lead to decreased synaptogenesis and decreased neuronal network formation and function causing learning and memory deficit at organism level, which is defined as the AO. There are in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological data that support the described KEs and their causative relationships rendering this AOP relevant to DNT evaluation in the context of regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
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Tao-Cheng JH. Stimulation-induced structural changes at the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of hippocampal neurons. Mol Brain 2018; 11:44. [PMID: 30049284 PMCID: PMC6062868 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons exhibit stimulation-induced ultrastructural changes such as increase of thickness and curvature of the postsynaptic density, decrease in contact area between subsurface cistern and plasma membrane, and formation of CaMKII clusters and synaptic spinules. These structural characteristics help in identifying the activity state of the neuron and should be taken into consideration when interpreting ultrastructural features of the neurons. Here in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures where experimental conditions can be easily manipulated, two additional features are documented in forebrain neurons as reliable benchmarks for stimulation-induced structural changes: (1) The neuronal nucleus showed conspicuous clustering of dark chromatin, and (2) the endoplasmic reticulum formed stacks with a uniform gap of ~ 13 nm filled with dark materials. Both structural changes progressed with time and were reversible upon returning the slice cultures to control medium. These stimulation-induced structural changes were also verified in dissociated hippocampal neuronal cultures and perfusion-fixed brains. In hippocampal slice cultures, the neuronal chromatin clustering was detectable within 30 s of depolarization with high K+ (90 mM) or treatment with NMDA (50 μM). In contrast, the formation of ER cisternal stacks did not become apparent for another 30 s. Importantly, in dissociated neuronal cultures, when the extracellular calcium was chelated by EGTA, treatment with high K+ no longer induced these changes. These results indicate that the stimulation-induced chromatin clustering and formation of ER stacks in neurons are calcium-dependent. Additionally, mitochondria in neuronal somas of tissue culture samples consistently became swollen upon stimulation. However, swollen mitochondria were also present in some neurons of control samples, but could be eliminated by blocking basal activity or calcium influx. This calcium-dependent structural change of mitochondria is specific to neurons. These structural changes may bring insights to the neuron’s response to intracellular calcium rise upon stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Tao-Cheng
- NINDS Electron Microscopy Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Calmodulin shuttling mediates cytonuclear signaling to trigger experience-dependent transcription and memory. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2451. [PMID: 29934532 PMCID: PMC6015085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory depend on neuronal plasticity originating at the synapse and requiring nuclear gene expression to persist. However, how synapse-to-nucleus communication supports long-term plasticity and behavior has remained elusive. Among cytonuclear signaling proteins, γCaMKII stands out in its ability to rapidly shuttle Ca2+/CaM to the nucleus and thus activate CREB-dependent transcription. Here we show that elimination of γCaMKII prevents activity-dependent expression of key genes (BDNF, c-Fos, Arc), inhibits persistent synaptic strengthening, and impairs spatial memory in vivo. Deletion of γCaMKII in adult excitatory neurons exerts similar effects. A point mutation in γCaMKII, previously uncovered in a case of intellectual disability, selectively disrupts CaM sequestration and CaM shuttling. Remarkably, this mutation is sufficient to disrupt gene expression and spatial learning in vivo. Thus, this specific form of cytonuclear signaling plays a key role in learning and memory and contributes to neuropsychiatric disease. Activity-dependent gene expression is thought to involve translocation of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) to the nucleus. Here, the authors examine a translocation-deficient mutant of γCaMKII, a Ca2+/CaM shuttle protein, to show that translocation of Ca2+/CaM is required for memory and synaptic plasticity.
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Arnett DC, Bailey SK, Johnson CK. Exploring the conformations of nitric oxide synthase with fluorescence. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2018; 23:2133-2145. [PMID: 29772550 DOI: 10.2741/4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multi-domain oxidoreductases are a family of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions through a series of electron transfers. Efficient electron transfer requires a sequence of protein conformations that position electron donor and acceptor domains in close proximity to each other so that electron transfer can occur efficiently. An example is mammalian nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which consists of an N-terminal oxygenase domain containing heme and a C-terminal reductase domain containing NADPH/FAD and FMN subdomains. We describe the use of time-resolved and single-molecule fluorescence to detect and characterize the conformations and conformational dynamics of the neuronal and endothelial isoforms of NOS. Fluorescence signals are provided by a fluorescent dye attached to the Ca2+-signaling protein calmodulin (CaM), which regulates NOS activity. Time-resolved fluorescence decays reveal the presence of at least four underlying conformational states that are differentiated by the extent of fluorescence quenching. Single-molecule fluorescence displays transitions between conformational states on the time scales of milliseconds to seconds. This review describes the type of information available by analysis of time-resolved and single-molecule fluorescence experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern College, 101 7th Street SW, Orange City, IA 51041
| | - Sheila K Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Carey K Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045,
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