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Nawaz K, Alifah N, Hussain T, Hameed H, Ali H, Hamayun S, Mir A, Wahab A, Naeem M, Zakria M, Pakki E, Hasan N. From genes to therapy: A comprehensive exploration of congenital heart disease through the lens of genetics and emerging technologies. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102726. [PMID: 38944223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1 % of live births worldwide, making it the most common congenital anomaly in newborns. Recent advancements in genetics and genomics have significantly deepened our understanding of the genetics of CHDs. While the majority of CHD etiology remains unclear, evidence consistently indicates that genetics play a significant role in its development. CHD etiology holds promise for enhancing diagnosis and developing novel therapies to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we explore the contributions of both monogenic and polygenic factors of CHDs and highlight the transformative impact of emerging technologies on these fields. We also summarized the state-of-the-art techniques, including targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), whole genome and whole exome sequencing (WGS, WES), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and others, that have revolutionized our understanding of cardiovascular disease genetics both from diagnosis perspective and from disease mechanism perspective in children and young adults. These molecular diagnostic techniques have identified new genes and chromosomal regions involved in syndromic and non-syndromic CHD, enabling a more defined explanation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. As our knowledge and technologies continue to evolve, they promise to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce the CHD burden worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Nawaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nur Alifah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, 90245, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Hameed
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Awal Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zakria
- Advanced Center for Genomic Technologies, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ermina Pakki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, 90245, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, 90245, Republic of Indonesia.
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Liang J, He X, Wang Y. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in congenital heart disease. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2024; 2:e2501. [PMID: 39308981 PMCID: PMC11412308 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in prenatal screening and a notable decrease in mortality rates, congenital heart disease (CHD) remains the most prevalent congenital disorder in newborns globally. Current therapeutic surgical approaches face challenges due to the significant rise in complications and disabilities. Emerging cardiac regenerative therapies offer promising adjuncts for CHD treatment. One novel avenue involves investigating methods to stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, the mechanism of altered cardiomyocyte proliferation in CHD is not fully understood, and there are few feasible approaches to stimulate cardiomyocyte cell cycling for optimal healing in CHD patients. In this review, we explore recent progress in understanding genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying defective cardiomyocyte proliferation in CHD from development through birth. Targeting cell cycle pathways shows promise for enhancing cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, division, and regeneration to repair heart defects. Advancements in human disease modeling techniques, CRISPR-based genome and epigenome editing, and next-generation sequencing technologies will expedite the exploration of abnormal machinery governing cardiomyocyte differentiation, proliferation, and maturation across diverse genetic backgrounds of CHD. Ongoing studies on screening drugs that regulate cell cycling are poised to translate this nascent technology of enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation into a new therapeutic paradigm for CHD surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xingyu He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Mukherjee N, Bolin EH, Qasim A, Orloff MS, Lupo PJ, Nembhard WN. DNA methylation of the Lamin A/C gene is associated with congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2381. [PMID: 39073036 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies report associations of maternal serum Lamin A, encoded by the LMNA gene, with fetal congenital heart disease (CHD). It is unknown whether DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in LMNA impacts the CHD susceptibility. METHODS We investigated the associations of LMNA DNAm with CHD using publicly available data of CHD cases (n = 197) and controls (n = 134) from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Peripheral blood DNAm was measured using Illumina 850 K BeadChip for cases and 450 K BeadChip for controls. We tested 31 LMNA CpGs to identify differences in DNAm between cases and controls using linear regression correcting for multiple testing with false discovery rate (FDR). In a case-only analysis, we tested the variations in LMNA DNAm between CHD subtypes. To identify the consistency of DNAm across tissue types we compared peripheral blood (n = 197) and heart tissue DNAm (n = 20) in CHD cases. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and cell types there were significant differences in 17 of the 31 LMNA CpGs between CHD cases and controls (FDR p ≤ .05). We identified lower DNAm of cg09820673 at 3' UTR for hypoplastic left heart syndrome compared to other CHD subtypes. Three CpGs exhibited uniform DNAm in blood and heart tissues in cases. Eleven CpGs showed changes in the same direction in blood and heart tissues in cases compared to controls. CONCLUSION We identify statistically significant differences in LMNA DNAm between CHD cases and controls. Future studies should investigate the role of maternal LMNA DNAm in CHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elijah H Bolin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amna Qasim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mohammed S Orloff
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Bucholz EM, Morton SU, Madriago E, Roberts AE, Ronai C. The Evolving Role of Genetic Evaluation in the Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:170. [PMID: 38921669 PMCID: PMC11203735 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasingly diagnosed prenatally and the ability to screen and diagnose the genetic factors involved in CHD have greatly improved. The presence of a genetic abnormality in the setting of prenatally diagnosed CHD impacts prenatal counseling and ensures that families and providers have as much information as possible surrounding perinatal management and what to expect in the future. This review will discuss the genetic evaluation that can occur prior to birth, what different genetic testing methods are available, and what to think about in the setting of various CHD diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Bucholz
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin Madriago
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina Ronai
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ye F, Xu X, Wang Y, Chen L, Shan Q, Wang Q, Jin F. The yield of SNP microarray analysis for fetal ultrasound cardiac abnormalities. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38580914 PMCID: PMC10998306 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has emerged as a critical instrument in prenatal diagnostic procedures, notably in assessing congenital heart diseases (CHD). Nonetheless, current research focuses solely on CHD, overlooking the necessity for thorough comparative investigations encompassing fetuses with varied structural abnormalities or those without apparent structural anomalies. OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess the relation of single nucleotide polymorphism-based chromosomal microarray analysis (SNP-based CMA) in identifying the underlying causes of fetal cardiac ultrasound abnormalities. METHODS A total of 2092 pregnant women who underwent prenatal diagnosis from 2017 to 2022 were included in the study and divided into four groups based on the presence of ultrasound structural abnormalities and the specific type of abnormality. The results of the SNP-Array test conducted on amniotic fluid samples from these groups were analyzed. RESULTS Findings from the study revealed that the non-isolated CHD group exhibited the highest incidence of aneuploidy, overall chromosomal abnormalities, and trisomy 18, demonstrating statistically significant differences from the other groups (p < 0.001). Regarding the distribution frequency of copy number variation (CNV) segment size, no statistically significant distinctions were observed between the isolated CHD group and the non-isolated CHD group (p > 0.05). The occurrence rates of 22q11.2 and 15q11.2 were also not statistically different between the isolated CHD group and the non-isolated congenital heart defect group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION SNP-based CMA enhances the capacity to detect abnormal CNVs in CHD fetuses, offering valuable insights for diagnosing chromosomal etiology and facilitating genetic counseling. This research contributes to the broader understanding of the utility of SNP-based CMA in the context of fetal cardiac ultrasound abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Ye
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics of National Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Xiayuan Xu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics of National Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Laboratory, Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics of National Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Qunda Shan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics of National Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics of National Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics of National Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Tabrizi F, Khatami M, Heidari MM, Bragança J, Tatari H, Namnabat M, Hadadzadeh M, Navabi Shirazi MA. Novel and deleterious nucleotide variations in the HAND1 gene probably affect miRNA target sites and protein function in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:468. [PMID: 38551686 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent developmental defect and principal cause of infant mortality and affects cardiac and large blood vessel structures in approximately 1% of live births worldwide. To date, numerous studies have related critical genetic dysfunctions to the pathogenesis of CHDs. However, the genetic basis underlying CHD remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the association of nucleotide variations in coding and noncoding regions of the HAND1 gene with the risk of CHD. The HAND1 gene, encoding a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is particularly relevant for mechanisms underlying CHD since it plays a significant role in heart development. METHODS AND RESULTS The genomic DNA of 150 unrelated pediatric patients with CHD was screened by PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing. Four novel and heterozygous missense mutations were identified in the first exon, with three causing amino acid substitutions (p.Val149Met, p.Tyr142His, and p.Leu146Met). In-silico analysis also indicated their deleterious impact on protein structure and function. In addition, we identified five novel nucleotide variants in the 3'UTR region (c.*461, c.*342, c.*529, c.*448, c.*593), potentially altering the target sites of miRNAs. These changes include the loss of certain target sites and the acquisition of new ones. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the phenotypic association between CHDs and HAND1 mutations and can pave the way for developing new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Bragança
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Algarve Biomedical Centre Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hasan Tatari
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Namnabat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Hadadzadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Navabi Shirazi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maddhesiya J, Mohapatra B. Understanding the Genetic and Non-genetic Interconnections in the Aetiology of Isolated Congenital Heart Disease: An Updated Review: Part 1. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:147-165. [PMID: 38546930 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently occurring birth defect. Majority of the earlier reviews focussed on the association of genetic factors with CHD. A few epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence for environmental factors in the causation of CHD. Although the multifactorial theory of gene-environment interaction is the prevailing explanation, explicit understanding of the biological mechanism(s) involved, remains obscure. Nonetheless, integration of all the information into one platform would enable us to better understand the collective risk implicated in CHD development. RECENT FINDINGS Great strides in novel genomic technologies namely, massive parallel sequencing, whole exome sequencing, multiomics studies supported by system-biology have greatly improved our understanding of the aetiology of CHD. Molecular genetic studies reveal that cardiac specific gene variants in transcription factors or signalling molecules, or structural proteins could cause CHD. Additionally, non-hereditary contributors such as exposure to teratogens, maternal nutrition, parental age and lifestyle factors also contribute to induce CHD. Moreover, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA are also correlated with CHD. Here, we inform that a complex combination of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors interact to interfere with morphogenetic processes of cardiac development leading to CHD. It is important, not only to identify individual genetic and non-inherited risk factors but also to recognize which factors interact mutually, causing cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Maddhesiya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Maddhesiya J, Mohapatra B. Understanding the Genetic and Non-Genetic Interconnections in the Aetiology of Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: An Updated Review: Part 2. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:167-178. [PMID: 38358608 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Approximately 30% of syndromic cases diagnosed with CHD, which lure us to further investigate the molecular and clinical challenges behind syndromic CHD (sCHD). The aetiology of sCHD in a majority of cases remains enigmatic due to involvement of multiple factors, namely genetic, epigenetic and environmental modifiable risk factors for the development of the disease. Here, we aim to update the role of genetic contributors including chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variations (CNVs) and single gene mutations in cardiac specific genes, maternal lifestyle conditions, environmental exposures and epigenetic modifiers in causing CHD in different genetic syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS The exact aetiology of sCHD is still unknown. With the advancement of next-generation technologies including WGS, WES, transcriptome, proteome and methylome study, numerous novel genes and pathways have been identified. Moreover, our recent knowledge regarding epigenetic and environmental regulation during cardiogenesis is still evolving and may solve some of the mystery behind complex sCHD. Here, we focus to understand how the complex combination of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors interact to interfere with developmental pathways, culminating into cardiac and extracardiac defects in sCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Maddhesiya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Porter GA. Environmental Signals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:397-416. [PMID: 38884722 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors have long been known to play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease (CHD), but this has not been a major focus of research in the modern era. Studies of human exposures and animal models demonstrate that demographics (age, race, socioeconomic status), diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, obesity, stress, infection, high altitude), recreational and therapeutic drug use, and chemical exposures are associated with an increased risk for CHD. Unfortunately, although studies suggest that exposures to these factors may cause CHD, in most cases, the data are not strong, are inconclusive, or are contradictory. Although most studies concentrate on the effects of maternal exposure, paternal exposure to some agents can also modify this risk. From a mechanistic standpoint, recent delineation of signaling and genetic controls of cardiac development has revealed molecular pathways that may explain the effects of environmental signals on cardiac morphogenesis and may provide further tools to study the effects of environmental stimuli on cardiac development. For example, environmental factors likely regulate cellular signaling pathways, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, proliferation, and physiologic processes that can control the development of the heart and other organs. However, understanding of the epidemiology and risk of these exposures and the mechanistic basis for any effects on cardiac development remains incomplete. Further studies defining the relationship between environmental exposures and human CHD and the mechanisms involved should reveal strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat CHD induced by environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Porter
- Departments of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Pharmacology and Physiology, and Medicine (Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Fujita KT, DiLorenzo MP, Krishnan US, Turner ME, Barry OM, Torres AJ, Bacha EA, Kalfa D, Crystal MA. Outcomes and Risk Factors of Interventions for Pediatric Post-operative Pulmonary Vein Stenosis. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1778-1787. [PMID: 37422845 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) in children is a challenging condition with poor outcomes. Post-operative stenosis can occur after repair of anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR) or stenosis within native veins. There is limited data on the outcomes of post-operative PVS. Our objective was to review our experience and assess surgical and transcatheter outcomes. Single-center retrospective study was performed including patients < 18 years who developed restenosis after baseline pulmonary vein surgery that required additional intervention(s) from 1/2005 to 1/2020. Non-invasive imaging, catheterization and surgical data were reviewed. We identified 46 patients with post-operative PVS with 11 (23.9%) patient deaths. Median age at index procedure was 7.2 months (range 1 month-10 years), and median follow-up was 10.8 months (range 1 day-13 years). Index procedure was surgical in 36 (78.3%) and transcatheter in 10 (21.7%). Twenty-three (50%) patients developed vein atresia. Mortality was not associated with number of affected veins, vein atresia, or procedure type. Single ventricle physiology, complex congenital heart disease (CCHD), and genetic disorders were associated with mortality. Survival rate was higher in APVR patients (p = 0.03). Patients with three or more interventions had a higher survival rate compared to patients with 1-2 interventions (p = 0.02). Male gender, necrotizing enterocolitis, and diffuse hypoplasia were associated with vein atresia. In post-operative PVS, mortality is associated with CCHD, single ventricle physiology, and genetic disorders. Vein atresia is associated with male gender, necrotizing enterocolitis, and diffuse hypoplasia. Multiple repeated interventions may offer a patient survival benefit; however, larger prospective studies are necessary to elucidate this relationship further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin T Fujita
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael P DiLorenzo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Usha S Krishnan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariel E Turner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver M Barry
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro J Torres
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emile A Bacha
- Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kalfa
- Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Crystal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
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Huang X, Gao Y, Chen W, Sheng W, Huang G. Noncardiac anomalies in children with congenital heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1293210. [PMID: 38054085 PMCID: PMC10694264 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1293210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noncardiac anomalies (NCAs) in patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are crucial for perioperative management and etiology studies. This study aimed to investigate NCAs in Chinese children with CHDs. Methods Medical records for CHD-diagnosed children hospitalized from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 were collected and subjected to retrospective analyses to excavate potential association rules between CHDs and noncardiac malformations. Results A total of 3,788 CHD patients were included in this study. The main phenotypes of CHD were Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD, 33.69%), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD, 12.72%), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF, 5.54%). A total of 887 (23.42%) cases showed noncardiac anomalies, which were mainly associated with the central nervous system (34.61%), nose/ear/mandibular/face (19.39%), genitourinary system (15.78%), and musculoskeletal system (15.56%). Compared to other CHD subtypes, septal defects had a lower percentage of associated NCAs (P = 3.7 × 10-9) while AVSD had a higher percentage (P = 0.0018). Disscussion NCAs are prevalent among CHD-diagnosed children in China, and the spectrums of NCAs in different CHD subcategories were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Cardiovascular Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Cardiovascular Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
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13
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Lin Q, Tam PKH, Tang CSM. Artificial intelligence-based approaches for the detection and prioritization of genomic mutations in congenital surgical diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1203289. [PMID: 37593442 PMCID: PMC10429173 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1203289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations are critical factors leading to congenital surgical diseases and can be identified through genomic analysis. Early and accurate identification of genetic mutations underlying these conditions is vital for clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied for analyzing genomic data in various clinical settings, including congenital surgical diseases. This review paper summarizes current state-of-the-art AI-based approaches used in genomic analysis and highlighted some successful applications that deepen our understanding of the etiology of several congenital surgical diseases. We focus on the AI methods designed for the detection of different variant types and the prioritization of deleterious variants located in different genomic regions, aiming to uncover susceptibility genomic mutations contributed to congenital surgical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfen Lin
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Kwong-Hang Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Clara Sze-Man Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centree, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Kukshal P, Joshi RO, Kumar A, Ahamad S, Murthy PR, Sathe Y, Manohar K, Guhathakurta S, Chellappan S. Case-control association study of congenital heart disease from a tertiary paediatric cardiac centre from North India. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 37322441 PMCID: PMC10268439 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital Heart diseases (CHDs) account for 1/3rd of all congenital birth defects. Etiopathogenesis of CHDs remain elusive despite extensive investigations globally. Phenotypic heterogeneity witnessed in this developmental disorder reiterate gene-environment interactions with periconceptional factors as risk conferring; and genetic analysis of both sporadic and familial forms of CHD suggest its multigenic basis. Significant association of de novo and inherited variants have been observed. Approximately 1/5th of CHDs are documented in the ethnically distinct Indian population but genetic insights have been very limited. This pilot case-control based association study was undertaken to investigate the status of Caucasian SNPs in a north Indian cohort. METHOD A total of 306 CHD cases sub-classified into n = 198 acyanotic and n = 108 cyanotic types were recruited from a dedicated tertiary paediatric cardiac centre in Palwal, Haryana. 23 SNPs primarily prioritized from Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Caucasians were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY Technology and test of association was performed with adequately numbered controls. RESULTS Fifty percent of the studied SNPs were substantially associated in either allelic, genotypic or sub-phenotype categories validating their strong correlation with disease manifestation. Of note, strongest allelic association was observed for rs73118372 in CRELD1 (p < 0.0001) on Chr3, rs28711516 in MYH6 (p = 0.00083) and rs735712 in MYH7 (p = 0.0009) both on Chr 14 and were also significantly associated with acyanotic, and cyanotic categories separately. rs28711516 (p = 0.003) and rs735712 (p = 0.002) also showed genotypic association. Strongest association was observed with rs735712(p = 0.003) in VSD and maximum association was observed for ASD sub-phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Caucasian findings were partly replicated in the north Indian population. The findings suggest the contribution of genetic, environmental and sociodemographic factors, warranting continued investigations in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kukshal
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India.
| | - Radha O Joshi
- Present address Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai- 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India
| | - Shadab Ahamad
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India
| | - Prabhatha Rashmi Murthy
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Centre for Child Heart Care and Training in Paediatric Cardiac Skills, Navi Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh Sathe
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, District Palwal, Haryana, Pin 121102, India
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, District Palwal, Haryana, Pin 121102, India
| | - Soma Guhathakurta
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India
| | - Subramanian Chellappan
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, District Palwal, Haryana, Pin 121102, India.
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15
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Zhu W, Lo CW. Insights into the genetic architecture of congenital heart disease from animal modeling. Zool Res 2023; 44:577-590. [PMID: 37147909 PMCID: PMC10236297 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is observed in up to 1% of live births and is one of the leading causes of mortality from birth defects. While hundreds of genes have been implicated in the genetic etiology of CHD, their role in CHD pathogenesis is still poorly understood. This is largely a reflection of the sporadic nature of CHD, as well as its variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. We reviewed the monogenic causes and evidence for oligogenic etiology of CHD, as well as the role of de novo mutations, common variants, and genetic modifiers. For further mechanistic insight, we leveraged single-cell data across species to investigate the cellular expression characteristics of genes implicated in CHD in developing human and mouse embryonic hearts. Understanding the genetic etiology of CHD may enable the application of precision medicine and prenatal diagnosis, thereby facilitating early intervention to improve outcomes for patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201 USA. E-mail:
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16
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Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Krup AL, Winchester SAB, Ranade SS, Agrawal A, Devine WP, Sinha T, Choudhary K, Dominguez MH, Thomas R, Black BL, Srivastava D, Bruneau BG. A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors. Development 2023; 150:dev201229. [PMID: 36994838 PMCID: PMC10259516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification. However, we observed perdurance of CPC transgene-expressing cells in Mesp1 mutants, albeit mislocalized, prompting us to investigate the scope of the role of Mesp1 in CPC emergence and differentiation. Mesp1 mutant CPCs failed to robustly activate markers of cardiomyocyte maturity and crucial cardiac transcription factors, yet they exhibited transcriptional profiles resembling cardiac mesoderm progressing towards cardiomyocyte fates. Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis defined a Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in cardiac lineage progression at a shift from mesendoderm transcriptional networks to those necessary for cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. These results reveal Mesp1-independent aspects of early CPC specification and underscore a Mesp1-dependent regulatory landscape required for progression through cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leigh Krup
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah A. B. Winchester
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sanjeev S. Ranade
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Krishna Choudhary
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin H. Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L. Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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18
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Allred ET, Perens EA, Coufal NG, Sanford Kobayashi E, Kingsmore SF, Dimmock DP. Genomic sequencing has a high diagnostic yield in children with congenital anomalies of the heart and urinary system. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1157630. [PMID: 36999085 PMCID: PMC10043482 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1157630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart defects (CHD) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for significant morbidity and mortality in childhood. Dozens of monogenic causes of anomalies in each organ system have been identified. However, even though 30% of CHD patients also have a CAKUT and both organs arise from the lateral mesoderm, there is sparse overlap of the genes implicated in the congenital anomalies for these organ systems. We sought to determine whether patients with both CAKUT and CHD have a monogenic etiology, with the long-term goal of guiding future diagnostic work up and improving outcomes. Methods Retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMR), identifying patients admitted to Rady Children's Hospital between January 2015 and July 2020 with both CAKUT and CHD who underwent either whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS). Data collected included demographics, presenting phenotype, genetic results, and mother's pregnancy history. WGS data was reanalyzed with a specific focus on the CAKUT and CHD phenotype. Genetic results were reviewed to identify causative, candidate, and novel genes for the CAKUT and CHD phenotype. Associated additional structural malformations were identified and categorized. Results Thirty-two patients were identified. Eight patients had causative variants for the CAKUT/CHD phenotype, three patients had candidate variants, and three patients had potential novel variants. Five patients had variants in genes not associated with the CAKUT/CHD phenotype, and 13 patients had no variant identified. Of these, eight patients were identified as having possible alternative causes for their CHD/CAKUT phenotype. Eighty-eight percent of all CAKUT/CHD patients had at least one additional organ system with a structural malformation. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrated a high rate of monogenic etiologies in hospitalized patients with both CHD and CAKUT, with a diagnostic rate of 44%. Thus, physicians should have a high suspicion for genetic disease in this population. Together, these data provide valuable information on how to approach acutely ill patients with CAKUT and CHD, including guiding diagnostic work up for associated phenotypes, as well as novel insights into the genetics of CAKUT and CHD overlap syndromes in hospitalized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika T. Allred
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elliot A. Perens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicole G. Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Erica Sanford Kobayashi
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States
| | | | - David P. Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
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19
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Copy number variation-associated lncRNAs may contribute to the etiologies of congenital heart disease. Commun Biol 2023; 6:189. [PMID: 36806749 PMCID: PMC9938258 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) have long been recognized as pathogenic factors for congenital heart disease (CHD). Few CHD associated CNVs could be interpreted as dosage effect due to disruption of coding sequences. Emerging evidences have highlighted the regulatory roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cardiac development. Whereas it remains unexplored whether lncRNAs within CNVs (CNV-lncRNAs) could contribute to the etiology of CHD associated CNVs. Here we constructed coexpression networks involving CNV-lncRNAs within CHD associated CNVs and protein coding genes using the human organ developmental transcriptomic data, and showed that CNV-lncRNAs within 10 of the non-syndromic CHD associated CNVs clustered in the most significant heart correlated module, and had highly correlated coexpression with multiple key CHD genes. HSALNG0104472 within 15q11.2 region was identified as a hub CNV-lncRNA with heart-biased expression and validated experimentally. Our results indicated that HSALNG0104472 should be a main effector responsible for cardiac defects of 15q11.2 deletion through regulating cardiomyocytes differentiation. Our findings suggested that CNV-lncRNAs could potentially contribute to the pathologies of a maximum proportion of 68.4% (13/19) of non-syndromic CHD associated CNVs. These results indicated that explaining the pathogenesis of CHD associated CNVs should take account of the noncoding regions.
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20
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Adamova P, Lotto RR, Powell AK, Dykes IM. Are there foetal extracellular vesicles in maternal blood? Prospects for diagnostic biomarker discovery. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:65-81. [PMID: 36538060 PMCID: PMC9977902 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital disease improves clinical outcomes; however, as many as 50% of congenital heart disease cases are missed by current ultrasound screening methods. This indicates a need for improved screening technology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted enormous interest in recent years for their potential in diagnostics. EVs mediate endocrine signalling in health and disease and are known to regulate aspects of embryonic development. Here, we critically evaluate recent evidence suggesting that EVs released from the foetus are able to cross the placenta and enter the maternal circulation. Furthermore, EVs from the mother appear to be transported in the reverse direction, whilst the placenta itself acts as a source of EVs. Experimental work utilising rodent models employing either transgenically encoded reporters or application of fluorescent tracking dyes provide convincing evidence of foetal-maternal crosstalk. This is supported by clinical data demonstrating expression of placental-origin EVs in maternal blood, as well as limited evidence for the presence of foetal-origin EVs. Together, this work raises the possibility that foetal EVs present in maternal blood could be used for the diagnosis of congenital disease. We discuss the challenges faced by researchers in translating these basic science findings into a clinical non-invasive prenatal test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Adamova
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robyn R Lotto
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Tithebarn St, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK
| | - Andrew K Powell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain M Dykes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK. .,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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21
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Siewert A, Reiz B, Krug C, Heggemann J, Mangold E, Dickten H, Ludwig KU. Analysis of candidate genes for cleft lip ± cleft palate using murine single-cell expression data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1091666. [PMID: 37169019 PMCID: PMC10165499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1091666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cleft lip ± cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common birth defects. Although research has identified multiple genetic risk loci for different types of CL/P (i.e., syndromic or non-syndromic forms), determining the respective causal genes and understanding the relevant functional networks remain challenging. The recent introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided novel opportunities to study gene expression patterns at cellular resolution. The aims of our study were to: (i) aggregate available scRNA-seq data from embryonic mice and provide this as a resource for the craniofacial community; and (ii) demonstrate the value of these data in terms of the investigation of the gene expression patterns of CL/P candidate genes. Methods and Results: First, two published scRNA-seq data sets from embryonic mice were re-processed, i.e., data representing the murine time period of craniofacial development: (i) facial data from embryonic day (E) E11.5; and (ii) whole embryo data from E9.5-E13.5 from the Mouse Organogenesis Cell Atlas (MOCA). Marker gene expression analyses demonstrated that at E11.5, the facial data were a high-resolution representation of the MOCA data. Using CL/P candidate gene lists, distinct groups of genes with specific expression patterns were identified. Among others we identified that a co-expression network including Irf6, Grhl3 and Tfap2a in the periderm, while it was limited to Irf6 and Tfap2a in palatal epithelia, cells of the ectodermal surface, and basal cells at the fusion zone. The analyses also demonstrated that additional CL/P candidate genes (e.g., Tpm1, Arid3b, Ctnnd1, and Wnt3) were exclusively expressed in Irf6+ facial epithelial cells (i.e., as opposed to Irf6- epithelial cells). The MOCA data set was finally used to investigate differences in expression profiles for candidate genes underlying different types of CL/P. These analyses showed that syndromic CL/P genes (syCL/P) were expressed in significantly more cell types than non-syndromic CL/P candidate genes (nsCL/P). Discussion: The present study illustrates how scRNA-seq data can empower research on craniofacial development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siewert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Carina Krug
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Heggemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kerstin U. Ludwig,
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22
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Yin XY, Chen HX, Chen Z, Yang Q, Han J, He GW. Identification and functional analysis of genetic variants of ISL1 gene promoter in human atrial septal defects. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3450. [PMID: 36170181 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common type of congenital heart disease. A gene promoter plays pivotal role in the disease development. This study was designed to investigate the pathological role of variants of the ISL1 gene promoter region in ASD patients. METHODS Total DNA extracted from 625 subjects, including 332 ASD patients and 293 healthy controls, was sequenced to identify variants in the promoter region of ISL1 gene. Further functional analyses of the variants were performed with dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). All possible binding sites of transcription factor affected by the identified variants were predicted using the JASPAR database. RESULTS Four variants in the ISL1 gene promoter were found only in patients with ASD by sequencing. Three of the four variants [g.4923 G > C (rs541081886), g.5079 A > G (rs1371835943) and g.5309 G > A (rs116222082)] significantly decreased the transcriptional activities compared with the wild-type ISL1 gene promoter (p < 0.05). The EMSA revealed that these variants [g.4923 G > C (rs541081886), g.5079 A > G (rs1371835943) and g.5309 G > A (rs116222082)] in the ISL1 gene promoter affected the number and affinity of binding sites of transcription factors. Further analysis with the online JASPAR database demonstrated that a cluster of putative binding sites for transcription factors may be altered by these variants. CONCLUSIONS These sequence variants identified from the promoter region of ISL1 gene in ASD patients are probably involved in the development of ASD by affecting the transcriptional activity and altering ISL1 levels. Therefore, these findings may provide new insights into the molecular etiology and potential therapeutic strategy of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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23
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Liang Q, Wang S, Zhou X, Li Y, Xing S, Sha Y, Yang F, Huang W, Liu N, Li Z, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhu P, Lan F, Sun N. Essential role of MESP1-RING1A complex in cardiac differentiation. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2533-2549.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Mansfield C, Zhao MT, Basu M. Translational potential of hiPSCs in predictive modeling of heart development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:926-947. [PMID: 35261209 PMCID: PMC9458775 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a major class of birth defects worldwide and is associated with cardiac malformations that often require surgical intervention immediately after birth. Despite the intense efforts from multicentric genome/exome sequencing studies that have identified several genetic variants, the etiology of CHD remains diverse and often unknown. Genetically modified animal models with candidate gene deficiencies continue to provide novel molecular insights that are responsible for fetal cardiac development. However, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling approaches to better understand the development of CHD and discover novel preventative therapies. The iPSCs are derived from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to an embryonic-like pluripotent state via overexpression of key transcription factors. In this review, we describe how differentiation of hiPSCs to specialized cardiac cellular identities facilitates our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of CHD subtypes. We summarize the molecular and functional characterization of hiPSC-derived differentiated cells in support of normal cardiogenesis, those that go awry in CHD and other heart diseases. We illustrate how stem cell-based disease modeling enables scientists to dissect the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell interactions underlying CHD. We highlight the current state of hiPSC-based studies that are in the verge of translating into clinical trials. We also address limitations including hiPSC-model reproducibility and scalability and differentiation methods leading to cellular heterogeneity. Last, we provide future perspective on exploiting the potential of hiPSC technology as a predictive model for patient-specific CHD, screening pharmaceuticals, and provide a source for cell-based personalized medicine. In combination with existing clinical and animal model studies, data obtained from hiPSCs will yield further understanding of oligogenic, gene-environment interaction, pathophysiology, and management for CHD and other genetic cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrin Mansfield
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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25
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Single-cell transcriptomic profiling unveils dysregulation of cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes in a mouse model of maternal hyperglycemia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:820. [PMID: 35970860 PMCID: PMC9378651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect, often linked to genetic variations, environmental exposures, or combination of both. Epidemiological studies reveal that maternal pregestational diabetes is associated with ~5-fold higher risk of CHD in the offspring; however, the causal mechanisms affecting cardiac gene-regulatory-network (GRN) during early embryonic development remain poorly understood. In this study, we utilize an established murine model of pregestational diabetes to uncover the transcriptional responses in key cell-types of the developing heart exposed to maternal hyperglycemia (matHG). Here we show that matHG elicits diverse cellular responses in E9.5 and E11.5 embryonic hearts compared to non-diabetic hearts by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Through differential-gene-expression and cellular trajectory analyses, we identify perturbations in genes, predominantly affecting Isl1+ second heart field progenitors and Tnnt2+ cardiomyocytes with matHG. Using cell-fate mapping analysis in Isl1-lineage descendants, we demonstrate that matHG impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation and alters the expression of lineage-specifying cardiac genes. Finally, our work reveals matHG-mediated transcriptional changes in second heart field lineage that elevate CHD risk by perturbing Isl1-GRN during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Gene-environment interaction studies targeting the Isl1-GRN in cardiac progenitor cells will have a broader impact on understanding the mechanisms of matHG-induced risk of CHD associated with diabetic pregnancies. ScRNA-seq of embryonic heart tissues from a mouse model of maternal hyperglycemia (matHG) provides further insight into how matHG disrupts heart development and perturbs second heart field derived cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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26
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Zhou WZ, Li W, Shen H, Wang RW, Chen W, Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Wang H, Yuan M, Zeng Z, Cui J, Li CY, Ye FY, Zhou Z. CHDbase: A comprehensive knowledgebase for congenital heart disease-related genes and clinical manifestations. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022:S1672-0229(22)00093-6. [PMID: 35961607 PMCID: PMC10372913 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of themost common causes of major birth defects, with a prevalence of 1%. Although an increasing number of studies reported the etiology of CHD, the findings scattered throughout the literature are difficult to retrieve and utilize in research and clinical practice. We therefore developed CHDbase, an evidence-based knowledgebase of CHD-related genes and clinical manifestations manually curated from 1114 publications, linking 1124susceptibility genes and 3591 variations to more than 300 CHD types and related syndromes. Metadata such as the information of each publication and the selected population and samples, the strategy of studies, and the major findings of studies were integrated with each item of the research record. We also integrated functional annotations through parsing ∼50 databases/tools to facilitate the interpretation of these genes and variations in disease pathogenicity. We further prioritized the significance of these CHD-related genes with a gene interaction network approach and extracted a core CHD sub-network with 163 genes. The clear genetic landscape of CHD enables the phenotype classification based on the shared genetic origin. Overall, CHDbase provides a comprehensive and freely available resource to study CHD susceptibility, supporting a wide range of users in the scientific and medical communities. CHDbase is accessible at http://chddb.fwgenetics.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Huayan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ruby W Wang
- International Joint Informatics Laboratory & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Service, School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qingyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chuan-Yun Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fred Y Ye
- International Joint Informatics Laboratory & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Service, School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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27
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Yang A, Alankarage D, Cuny H, Ip EK, Almog M, Lu J, Das D, Enriquez A, Szot JO, Humphreys DT, Blue GM, Ho JW, Winlaw DS, Dunwoodie SL, Giannoulatou E. CHDgene: A Curated Database for Congenital Heart Disease Genes. Circ Genom Precis Med 2022; 15:e003539. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrian Yang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Dimuthu Alankarage
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Hartmut Cuny
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Eddie K.K. Ip
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Moran Almog
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Jessica Lu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
- UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia (E.K.K.I., J.L., A.E., D.T.H., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Debjani Das
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Annabelle Enriquez
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
- UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia (E.K.K.I., J.L., A.E., D.T.H., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Justin O. Szot
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - David T. Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
- UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia (E.K.K.I., J.L., A.E., D.T.H., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Gillian M. Blue
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia (G.M.B.)
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia (G.M.B.)
| | - Joshua W.K. Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong (J.W.K.H.)
- Laboratory for Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park (J.W.K.H.)
| | - David S. Winlaw
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, OH (D.S.W.)
| | - Sally L. Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
- UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia (E.K.K.I., J.L., A.E., D.T.H., S.L.D., E.G.)
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (A.Y., D.A., H.C., E.K.K.I., M.A., J.L., D.D., A.E., J.O.S., D.T.H., G.M.B., S.L.D., E.G.)
- UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia (E.K.K.I., J.L., A.E., D.T.H., S.L.D., E.G.)
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Rao KS, Kameswaran V, Bruneau BG. Modeling congenital heart disease: lessons from mice, hPSC-based models, and organoids. Genes Dev 2022; 36:652-663. [PMID: 35835508 PMCID: PMC9296004 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349678.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common birth defects, but their etiology has long been mysterious. In recent decades, the development of a variety of experimental models has led to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of CHDs. In this review, we contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. We also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha S Rao
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Vasumathi Kameswaran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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29
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Akbarzadeh A, Tafti SHA, Sabetkish S, Hassannejad Z, Kajbafzadeh AM. Coronary-Based Right Heart Flap Recellularization by Rat Neonatal Whole Cardiac Cells: a Viable Sheep Cardiac Patch Model for Possible Management of Heart Aneurysm. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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McAfee K, Rosenow WT, Cherny S, Collins CA, Balmert LC, Webster G. Abnormal Microarray, Clinical Outcomes, and Surgical Risk Scores in Young Children with Cardiac Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:1785-1791. [PMID: 34160654 PMCID: PMC8557123 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The clinical implications of abnormal chromosomal microarray (CMA) remain unclear for children less than 1 year of age with critical heart disease. Our objective was to determine whether abnormal CMA was related to surgical severity scores or to pre-determined clinical outcomes, including cardiac arrest. Retrospective review of children under 1 year of age admitted to a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit from December, 2014 to September, 2017. Associations between CMA result and cardiac arrest, syndromic abnormalities, and extracardiac anomalies were evaluated. A simple and multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze associations between STAT mortality category and CMA result. The overall prevalence of abnormal microarray was 48/168 (29%), with peak prevalence in AV septal defects and left-sided obstructive lesions. There was no statistical association between surgical severity scores and abnormal CMA (STAT 1/2 vs. 3+, odds ratio 0.56, p = 0.196). Abnormal CMA was associated with a higher prevalence of cardiac arrest (5/48 abnormal CMA vs. 2/120 normal CMA, p = 0.02). Abnormal CMA was associated with a higher frequency of syndromic abnormalities (18/48 abnormal CMA vs. 13/120 normal CMA, p < 0.001). There was a high prevalence of abnormal CMA findings in the pediatric cardiac population less than 1 year of age (29%), associated with cardiac arrest, but not associated with surgical risk score. The absence of a standardized protocol for ordering a CMA in the setting of congenital heart disease results in a highly variable prevalence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey McAfee
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 21, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Will T Rosenow
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Cherny
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 21, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Catherine A Collins
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 21, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lauren C Balmert
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Webster
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 21, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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31
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Zhang X, Wang B, You G, Xiang Y, Fu Q, Yu Y, Zhang X. Copy number variation analysis in Chinese children with complete atrioventricular canal and single ventricle. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:243. [PMID: 34627233 PMCID: PMC8502261 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. Copy number variations (CNVs) have been proved to be important genetic factors that contribute to CHD. Here we screened genome-wide CNVs in Chinese children with complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) and single ventricle (SV), since there were scarce researches dedicated to these two types of CHD. METHODS We screened CNVs in 262 sporadic CAVC cases and 259 sporadic SV cases respectively, using a customized SNP array. The detected CNVs were annotated and filtered using available databases. RESULTS Among 262 CAVC patients, we identified 6 potentially-causative CNVs in 43 individuals (16.41%, 43/262), including 2 syndrome-related CNVs (7q11.23 and 8q24.3 deletion). Surprisingly, 90.70% CAVC patients with detected CNVs (39/43) were found to carry duplications of 21q11.2-21q22.3, which were recognized as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, DS). In CAVC with DS patients, the female to male ratio was 1.6:1.0 (24:15), and the rate of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was 41.03% (16/39). Additionally, 6 potentially-causative CNVs were identified in the SV patients (2.32%, 6/259), and none of them was trisomy 21. Most CNVs identified in our cohort were classified as rare (< 1%), occurring just once among CAVC or SV individuals except the 21q11.2-21q22.3 duplication (14.89%) in CAVC cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified 12 potentially-causative CNVs in 262 CAVC and 259 SV patients, representing the largest cohort of these two CHD types in Chinese population. The results provided strong correlation between CAVC and DS, which also showed sex difference and high incidence of PH. The presence of potentially-causative CNVs suggests the etiology of complex CHD is incredibly diverse, and CHD candidate genes remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ison HE, Griffin EL, Parrott A, Shikany AR, Meyers L, Thomas MJ, Syverson E, Demo EM, Fitzgerald KK, Fitzgerald-Butt S, Ziegler KL, Schartman AF, Stone KM, Helm BM. Genetic counseling for congenital heart disease - Practice resource of the national society of genetic counselors. J Genet Couns 2021; 31:9-33. [PMID: 34510635 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an indication which spans multiple specialties across various genetic counseling practices. This practice resource aims to provide guidance on key considerations when approaching counseling for this particular indication while recognizing the rapidly changing landscape of knowledge within this domain. This resource was developed with consensus from a diverse group of certified genetic counselors utilizing literature relevant for CHD genetic counseling practice and is aimed at supporting genetic counselors who encounter this indication in their practice both pre- and postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Ison
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emily L Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Amy R Shikany
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Erin Syverson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin M Demo
- Sibley Heart Center Cardiology at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristi K Fitzgerald
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Sara Fitzgerald-Butt
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Allison F Schartman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristyne M Stone
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Benjamin M Helm
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Hofbauer P, Jahnel SM, Papai N, Giesshammer M, Deyett A, Schmidt C, Penc M, Tavernini K, Grdseloff N, Meledeth C, Ginistrelli LC, Ctortecka C, Šalic Š, Novatchkova M, Mendjan S. Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis. Cell 2021; 184:3299-3317.e22. [PMID: 34019794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoids capable of forming tissue-like structures have transformed our ability to model human development and disease. With the notable exception of the human heart, lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have been reported for all major organs. Here, we established self-organizing cardioids from human pluripotent stem cells that intrinsically specify, pattern, and morph into chamber-like structures containing a cavity. Cardioid complexity can be controlled by signaling that instructs the separation of cardiomyocyte and endothelial layers and by directing epicardial spreading, inward migration, and differentiation. We find that cavity morphogenesis is governed by a mesodermal WNT-BMP signaling axis and requires its target HAND1, a transcription factor linked to developmental heart chamber defects. Upon cryoinjury, cardioids initiated a cell-type-dependent accumulation of extracellular matrix, an early hallmark of both regeneration and heart disease. Thus, human cardioids represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect self-organization, congenital heart defects and serve as a foundation for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Giesshammer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Penc
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nastasja Grdseloff
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christy Meledeth
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Ctortecka
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Šejla Šalic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Miyamoto M, Gangrade H, Tampakakis E. Understanding Heart Field Progenitor Cells for Modeling Congenital Heart Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:38. [PMID: 33694131 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart development is a meticulously coordinated process that involves the specification of two distinct populations of cardiac progenitor cells, namely the first and the second heart field. Disruption of heart field progenitors can result in congenital heart defects. In this review, we aim to describe the signaling pathways and transcription factors that link heart field development and congenital heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell transcriptomics, lineage-tracing mouse models, and stem cell-based in vitro modeling of cardiogenesis have significantly improved the spatiotemporal characterization of cardiac progenitors. Additionally, novel functional genomic studies have now linked more genetic variants with congenital heart disease. Dysregulation of cardiac progenitor cells causes malformations that can be lethal. Ongoing research will continue to shed light on cardiac morphogenesis and help us better understand and treat patients with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 835, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Harshi Gangrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 835, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 835, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Lin H, McBride KL, Garg V, Zhao MT. Decoding Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630069. [PMID: 33585486 PMCID: PMC7873857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of infant death associated with birth defects. Recent next-generation genome sequencing has uncovered novel genetic etiologies of CHD, from inherited and de novo variants to non-coding genetic variants. The next phase of understanding the genetic contributors of CHD will be the functional illustration and validation of this genome sequencing data in cellular and animal model systems. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up new horizons to investigate genetic mechanisms of CHD using clinically relevant and patient-specific cardiac cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial/endocardial cells, cardiac fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Using cutting-edge CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools, a given genetic variant can be corrected in diseased iPSCs and introduced to healthy iPSCs to define the pathogenicity of the variant and molecular basis of CHD. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in genetics of CHD deciphered by large-scale genome sequencing and explore how genome-edited patient iPSCs are poised to decode the genetic etiologies of CHD by coupling with single-cell genomics and organoid technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kim L McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Amodeo S, Vitrano G, Guardino M, Paci G, Corselli F, Antona V, Barrano G, Magliozzi M, Novelli A, Venezia R, Corsello G. What is the impact of a novel MED12 variant on syndromic conotruncal heart defects? Analysis of case report on two male sibs. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:98. [PMID: 32682435 PMCID: PMC7368728 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syndromic congenital heart disease accounts for 30% of cases and can be determined by genetic, environmental or multifactorial causes. In many cases the etiology remains uncertain. Many known genes are responsible for specific morphopathogenetic mechanisms during the development of the heart whose alteration can determine specific phenotypes of cardiac malformations. Case presentation We report on two cases of association of conotruncal heart defect with facial dysmorphisms in sibs. In both cases the malformations’ identification occurred by ultrasound in the prenatal period. It was followed by prenatal invasive diagnosis. The genetic analysis revealed no rearrangements in Array-CGH test, while gene panel sequencing identified a new hemizygous variant of uncertain significance (c.887G > A; p.Arg296Gln) in the MED12 gene, located on the X chromosome and inherited from the healthy mother. Conclusion No other reports about the involvement of MED12 gene in syndromic conotruncal heart defects are actually available from the literature and the international genomic databases. This novel variant is a likely pathogenic variant of uncertain significance and it could broaden the spectrum of genes involved in the development of congenital heart diseases and the phenotypic range of MED12-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amodeo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vitrano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Guardino
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Corselli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barrano
- San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, UOSD Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Venezia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
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Sanchez J, Miyake R, Cheng A, Liu T, Iseki S, Kume T. Conditional inactivation of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in neural crest cells leads to cardiac abnormalities. Genesis 2020; 58:e23364. [PMID: 32259372 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are required for normal heart development. cNCCs are a multipotent and migratory cell lineage that differentiates into multiple cell types. cNCCs migrate into the developing heart to contribute to the septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Foxc1 and Foxc2 are closely related members of the FOX (Forkhead box) transcription factor family and are expressed in cNCC during heart development. However, the precise role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs has yet to be fully described. We found that compound NCC-specific Foxc1;Foxc2 mutant embryos exhibited persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), ventricular septal defects (VSDs), and thinning of the ventricular myocardium. Loss of Foxc1/c2 expression in cNCCs resulted in abnormal patterns of cNCC migration into the OFT without the formation of the aorticopulmonary septum. Further, loss of Foxc1 expression in cNCCs resulted in normal OFT development but abnormal ventricular septal formation. In contrast, loss of Foxc2 expression in NCCs led to no obvious cardiac abnormalities. Together, we provide evidence that Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs are cooperatively required for proper cNCC migration, the formation of the OFT septation, and the development of the ventricles. Our data also suggests that Foxc1 expression may play a larger role in ventricular development compared to Foxc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sanchez
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Risa Miyake
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew Cheng
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Liu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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