1
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Lee W, Lin SL, Chiang CS, Chen JY, Chieng WW, Huang SR, Chang TY, Linju Yen B, Hung MC, Chang KC, Lee HT, Jeng LB, Shyu WC. Role of HIF-1α-Activated IL-22/IL-22R1/Bmi1 Signaling Modulates the Self-Renewal of Cardiac Stem Cells in Acute Myocardial Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10774-8. [PMID: 39264501 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Impaired tissue regeneration negatively impacts on left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about the intrinsic regulatory machinery of ischemia-induced endogenous cardiac stem cells (eCSCs) self-renewing divisions after AMI. The interleukin 22 (IL-22)/IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) pathway has emerged as an important regulator of several cellular processes, including the self-renewal and proliferation of stem cells. However, whether the hypoxic environment could trigger the self-renewal of eCSCs via IL-22/IL-22R1 activation remains unknown. In this study, the upregulation of IL-22R1 occurred due to activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. Systemic IL-22 administration not only attenuated cardiac remodeling, inflammatory responses, but also promoted eCSC-mediated cardiac repair after AMI. Unbiased RNA microarray analysis showed that the downstream mediator Bmi1 regulated the activation of CSCs. Therefore, the HIF-1α-induced IL-22/IL-22R1/Bmi1 cascade can modulate the proliferation and activation of eCSCs in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, investigating the HIF-1α-activated IL-22/IL-22R1/Bmi1 signaling pathway might offer a new therapeutic strategy for AMI via eCSC-induced cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lee
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Ling Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center and New Drug Development Center, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wee-Wei Chieng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rou Huang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, 350, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Centers for Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center and New Drug Development Center, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404332, Taiwan.
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2
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Thor S. Indirect neurogenesis in space and time. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:519-534. [PMID: 38951687 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
During central nervous system (CNS) development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) generate neurons and glia in two different ways. In direct neurogenesis, daughter cells differentiate directly into neurons or glia, whereas in indirect neurogenesis, neurons or glia are generated after one or more daughter cell divisions. Intriguingly, indirect neurogenesis is not stochastically deployed and plays instructive roles during CNS development: increased generation of cells from specific lineages; increased generation of early or late-born cell types within a lineage; and increased cell diversification. Increased indirect neurogenesis might contribute to the anterior CNS expansion evident throughout the Bilateria and help to modify brain-region size without requiring increased NPC numbers or extended neurogenesis. Increased indirect neurogenesis could be an evolutionary driver of the gyrencephalic (that is, folded) cortex that emerged during mammalian evolution and might even have increased during hominid evolution. Thus, selection of indirect versus direct neurogenesis provides a powerful developmental and evolutionary instrument that drives not only the evolution of CNS complexity but also brain expansion and modulation of brain-region size, and thereby the evolution of increasingly advanced cognitive abilities. This Review describes indirect neurogenesis in several model species and humans, and highlights some of the molecular genetic mechanisms that control this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Frost OG, Ramkilawan P, Rebbaa A, Stolzing A. A systematic review of lifespan studies in rodents using stem cell transplantations. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102295. [PMID: 38588866 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Organismal aging involves the progressive decline in organ function and increased susceptibility to age-associated diseases. Regardless of its origin, cellular aging is consequently reflected at the level of organ and associated systems dysfunction. Aging of stem cell populations within the body and their decreased ability to self-renew, differentiate, and regenerate damaged tissues, is a key contributor to organismal decline. Based on this, supplementing young stem cells may delay tissue aging, improve frailty and extend health and lifespan. This review investigates studies in rodents using stem cell transplantation from either mice or human donors. The aim is to consolidate available information on the efficacy of stem cell therapies in rodent models and provide insights to guide further research efforts. Out of the 21 studies included in this review, the methodology varied significantly including the lifespan measurement. To enable comparison the median lifespan was calculated using WebPlotDigitizer 4.6 if not provided by the literature. A total of 18 out of 21 studies evidenced significant lifespan extension post stem cell transplant, with 7 studies demonstrating benefits in reduced frailty and other aging complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Frost
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| | | | | | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
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4
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de Groot AP, de Haan G. How CBX proteins regulate normal and leukemic blood cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38426219 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions are dictated by epigenetic landscapes. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses genes that induce differentiation, thereby maintaining HSC self-renewal. Depending on which chromobox (CBX) protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, or CBX8) is part of the PRC1 complex, HSC fate decisions differ. Here, we review how this occurs. We describe how CBX proteins dictate age-related changes in HSCs and stimulate oncogenic HSC fate decisions, either as canonical PRC1 members or by alternative interactions, including non-epigenetic regulation. CBX2, CBX7, and CBX8 enhance leukemia progression. To target, reprogram, and kill leukemic cells, we suggest and describe multiple therapeutic strategies to interfere with the epigenetic functions of oncogenic CBX proteins. Future studies should clarify to what extent the non-epigenetic function of cytoplasmic CBX proteins is important for normal, aged, and leukemic blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Del Vecchio A, Mulé P, Fernández-Pérez D, Amato S, Lattanzi G, Zanotti M, Rustichelli S, Pivetti S, Oldani P, Mariani A, Iommazzo F, Koseki H, Facciotti F, Tamburri S, Ferrari KJ, Pasini D. PCGF6 controls murine Tuft cell differentiation via H3K9me2 modification independently of Polycomb repression. Dev Cell 2024; 59:368-383.e7. [PMID: 38228142 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate is determined by specific transcription programs that are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The E3-ligases RING1A and B represent the core activity of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that deposits repressive histone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1), which is essential for mouse intestinal homeostasis by preserving stem cell functions. However, the specific role of different PRC1 forms, which are defined by the six distinct PCGF1-6 paralogs, remains largely unexplored in vivo. We report that PCGF6 regulates mouse intestinal Tuft cell differentiation independently of H2AK119ub1 deposition. We show that PCGF6 chromatin occupancy expands outside Polycomb repressive domains, associating with unique promoter and distal regulatory elements. This occurs in the absence of RING1A/B and involves MGA-mediated E-BOX recognition and specific H3K9me2 promoter deposition. PCGF6 inactivation induces an epithelial autonomous accumulation of Tuft cells that was not phenocopied by RING1A/B loss. This involves direct PCGF6 association with a Tuft cell differentiation program that identified Polycomb-independent properties of PCGF6 in adult tissues homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Del Vecchio
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mulé
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Fernández-Pérez
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Amato
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Zanotti
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Rustichelli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pivetti
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Oldani
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariani
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Iommazzo
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, 1-7-22 Suehiuro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Federica Facciotti
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Tamburri
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Karin J Ferrari
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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6
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Kohyanagi N, Kitamura N, Ikeda S, Shibutani S, Sato K, Ohama T. PP2A inhibitor SET promotes mTORC1 and Bmi1 signaling through Akt activation and maintains the colony-formation ability of cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105584. [PMID: 38141761 PMCID: PMC10826185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an essential tumor suppressor, with its activity often hindered in cancer cells by endogenous PP2A inhibitory proteins like SE translocation (SET). SET/PP2A axis plays a pivotal role in the colony-formation ability of cancer cells and the stabilization of c-Myc and E2F1 proteins implicated in this process. However, in osteosarcoma cell line HOS, SET knock-down (KD) suppresses the colony-formation ability without affecting c-Myc and E2F1. This study aimed to unravel the molecular mechanism through which SET enhances the colony-formation ability of HOS cells and determine if it is generalized to other cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis unveiled that SET KD suppressed mTORC1 signaling. SET KD inhibited Akt phosphorylation, an upstream kinase for mTORC1. PP2A inhibitor blocked SET KD-mediated decrease in phosphorylation of Akt and a mTORC1 substrate p70S6K. A constitutively active Akt restored decreased colony-formation ability by SET KD, indicating the SET/PP2A/Akt/mTORC1 axis. Additionally, enrichment analysis highlighted that Bmi-1, a polycomb group protein, is affected by SET KD. SET KD decreased Bmi-1 protein by Akt inhibition but not by mTORC1 inhibition, and exogenous Bmi-1 expression rescued the reduced colony formation by SET KD. Four out of eight cancer cell lines exhibited decreased Bmi-1 by SET KD. Further analysis of these cell lines revealed that Myc activity plays a role in SET KD-mediated Bmi-1 degradation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of SET-regulated colony-formation ability, which involved Akt-mediated activation of mTORC1/p70S6K and Bmi-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kohyanagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nao Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunta Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shusaku Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Yamaguchi University Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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7
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Peinado FM, Olivas-Martínez A, Iribarne-Durán LM, Ubiña A, León J, Vela-Soria F, Fernández-Parra J, Fernández MF, Olea N, Freire C, Ocón-Hernández O, Artacho-Cordón F. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and lipid metabolism gene expression in endometriotic tissue and exposure to parabens and benzophenones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163014. [PMID: 37003176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the expression profile in endometriotic tissue of genes involved in four signaling pathways related to the development and progression of endometriosis (cell cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and lipid metabolism) and to explore its relationship with the women exposure to chemicals with hormonal activity released from cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs). METHODS This cross-sectional study, encompassed within the EndEA study, comprised a subsample of 33 women with endometriosis. Expression levels of 13 genes (BMI1, CCNB1, CDK1, BAX, BCL2L1, FOXO3, SPP1, HOXA10, PDGFRA, SOX2, APOE, PLCG1 and PLCG2) in endometriotic tissue and urinary concentrations of 4 paraben (PB) and 3 benzophenone (BP) congeners were quantified. Bivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between exposure and gene expression levels. RESULTS A total of 8 out 13 genes (61.5 %) were expressed in >75 % of the samples. Exposure to congeners of PBs and/or BPs was associated with the overexpression of CDK1 gene (whose protein drives cells through G2 phase and mitosis), HOXA10 and PDGFRA genes (whose proteins favor pluripotent cell differentiation to endometrial cells), and APOE (whose protein regulates the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in multiple tissues) and PLCG2 genes (whose protein creates 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, two important second messengers). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that women exposure to cosmetic and PCP-released chemicals might be associated with the promotion of cell cycle and cell differentiation as well as with lipid metabolism disruption in endometriotic tissue, three crucial signaling pathways in the development and progression of endometriosis. However, further studies should be accomplished to confirm these preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - A Olivas-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - L M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - A Ubiña
- General surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - J León
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Digestive Medicine Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - J Fernández-Parra
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, 'Virgen de las Nieves' University Hospital, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - M F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Nuclear Medicine Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - C Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - O Ocón-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
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8
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Farooq U, Notani D. Transcriptional regulation of INK4/ARF locus by cis and trans mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948351. [PMID: 36158211 PMCID: PMC9500187 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
9p21 locus is one of the most reproducible regions in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The region harbors CDKN2A/B genes that code for p16INK4a, p15INK4b, and p14ARF proteins, and it also harbors a long gene desert adjacent to these genes. The polymorphisms that are associated with several diseases and cancers are present in these genes and the gene desert region. These proteins are critical cell cycle regulators whose transcriptional dysregulation is strongly linked with cellular regeneration, stemness, aging, and cancers. Given the importance of this locus, intense scientific efforts on understanding the regulation of these genes via promoter-driven mechanisms and recently, via the distal regulatory mechanism have provided major insights. In this review, we describe these mechanisms and propose the ways by which this locus can be targeted in pathologies and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Genetics and Development, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Umer Farooq, ; Dimple Notani,
| | - Dimple Notani
- Genetics and Development, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Umer Farooq, ; Dimple Notani,
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9
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Xu J, Li L, Shi P, Cui H, Yang L. The Crucial Roles of Bmi-1 in Cancer: Implications in Pathogenesis, Metastasis, Drug Resistance, and Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158231. [PMID: 35897796 PMCID: PMC9367737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration region 1 (Bmi-1, also known as RNF51 or PCGF4) is one of the important members of the PcG gene family, and is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence, and maintaining the self-renewal of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have emphasized the role of Bmi-1 in the occurrence and development of tumors. In fact, Bmi-1 has multiple functions in cancer biology and is closely related to many classical molecules, including Akt, c-MYC, Pten, etc. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of Bmi-1 in multiple pathways, and the interaction of Bmi-1 with noncoding RNAs. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes of Bmi-1 in cancer, and explore the clinical relevance of Bmi-1 in cancer biomarkers and prognosis, as well as its implications for chemoresistance and radioresistance. In conclusion, we summarize the role of Bmi-1 in tumor progression, reveal the pathophysiological process and molecular mechanism of Bmi-1 in tumors, and provide useful information for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
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10
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Reinitz F, Chen EY, Nicolis di Robilant B, Chuluun B, Antony J, Jones RC, Gubbi N, Lee K, Ho WHD, Kolluru SS, Qian D, Adorno M, Piltti K, Anderson A, Monje M, Heller HC, Quake SR, Clarke MF. Inhibiting USP16 rescues stem cell aging and memory in an Alzheimer's model. eLife 2022; 11:66037. [PMID: 35311644 PMCID: PMC9122497 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease observed with aging that represents the most common form of dementia. To date, therapies targeting end-stage disease plaques, tangles, or inflammation have limited efficacy. Therefore, we set out to identify a potential earlier targetable phenotype. Utilizing a mouse model of AD and human fetal cells harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein, we show cell intrinsic neural precursor cell (NPC) dysfunction precedes widespread inflammation and amyloid plaque pathology, making it the earliest defect in the evolution of the disease. We demonstrate that reversing impaired NPC self-renewal via genetic reduction of USP16, a histone modifier and critical physiological antagonist of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1, can prevent downstream cognitive defects and decrease astrogliosis in vivo. Reduction of USP16 led to decreased expression of senescence gene Cdkn2a and mitigated aberrant regulation of the Bone Morphogenetic Signaling (BMP) pathway, a previously unknown function of USP16. Thus, we reveal USP16 as a novel target in an AD model that can both ameliorate the NPC defect and rescue memory and learning through its regulation of both Cdkn2a and BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Reinitz
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Elizabeth Y Chen
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Benedetta Nicolis di Robilant
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Jane Antony
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Robert C Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Neha Gubbi
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Karen Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - William Hai Dang Ho
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Sai Saroja Kolluru
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Dalong Qian
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Maddalena Adorno
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Katja Piltti
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Aileen Anderson
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Michelle Monje
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - H Craig Heller
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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11
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The plasminogen receptor directs maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting BMI1. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4469-4478. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Dynamic Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of the Senescence-Associated Factor p16Ink4a in Development and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030541. [PMID: 35159350 PMCID: PMC8833900 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of factors have been attributed to underly aging, including oxidative stress, telomere shortening and cellular senescence. Several studies have shown a significant role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16ink4a in senescence and aging. However, its expression in development has been less well documented. Therefore, to further clarify a potential role of p16 in development and aging, we conducted a developmental expression study of p16, as well as of p19ARF and p21, and investigated their expression on the RNA level in brain, heart, liver, and kidney of mice at embryonic, postnatal, adult, and old ages. P16 expression was further assessed on the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Expression of p16 was highly dynamic in all organs in embryonic and postnatal stages and increased dramatically in old mice. Expression of p19 and p21 was less variable and increased to a moderate extent at old age. In addition, we observed a predominant expression of p16 mRNA and protein in liver endothelial cells versus non-endothelial cells of old mice, which suggests a functional role specifically in liver endothelium of old subjects. Thus, p16 dynamic spatiotemporal expression might implicate p16 in developmental and physiological processes in addition to its well-known function in the build-up of senescence.
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13
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Impaired KDM2B-mediated PRC1 recruitment to chromatin causes defective neural stem cell self-renewal and ASD/ID-like behaviors. iScience 2022; 25:103742. [PMID: 35128353 PMCID: PMC8800019 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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14
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Cao Q, Wang T, Xiao M, Bai L. Increased endogenous reactive oxygen species normalizes proliferation defects of Bmi1 heterozygous knockout neural stem cells. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1388-1394. [PMID: 34718251 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Bmi1gene, one of transcriptional suppressor genes in multi-comb family, maintains proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and redox homeostasis. However, heterozygous deletion of the Bmi1 gene (Bmi1+/-) does not reduce the proliferative ability of NSCs. The aim of the present study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of this phenotype. METHODS NSCs derived from the cortex of newborn Bmi1+/- and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 24 h followed by analyses of NSC proliferation and oxidative stress-related indexes. RESULTS The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of Bmi1+/--NSCs were slightly higher than that of WT-NSCs at baseline. H2O2 increased ROS and NAC reduced ROS in a concentration-dependent pattern, but the change was significantly greater in Bmi1+/--NSCs than WT-NSCs. The proliferation and self-renewal ability of Bmi1+/--NSCs and WT-NSCs were comparable in a basic state. After 1 μM H2O2 treatment, Brdu incorporation ratio, cell viability, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase activity were increased slightly in WT-NSCs, but decreased in Bmi1+/--NSCs. H2O2 at 10 μM decreased proliferation and self-renewal ability of both genotype NSCs, with greater effect in Bmi1+/-. After treatment with 1 mM NAC, the number and diameter of neurospheres, Brdu incorporation rate, cell viability, T-AOC and total superoxide dismutase activity of Bmi1+/--NSCs were lower than those of WT-NSCs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Bmi1+/--NSCs exhibit normal proliferation and self-renewal due to a slight increase in ROS, but are more vulnerable to changes in redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Huang J, Zhang J, Guo Z, Li C, Tan Z, Wang J, Yang J, Xue L. Easy or Not-The Advances of EZH2 in Regulating T Cell Development, Differentiation, and Activation in Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741302. [PMID: 34737746 PMCID: PMC8560704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which regulates downstream gene expression by trimethylation of lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K27me3). EZH2 mutations or overexpressions are associated with many types of cancer. As inhibition of EZH2 activity could upregulate the expression of tumor suppressor genes, EZH2 has recently become an interesting therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Moreover, accumulating evidence has shown that EZH2 may contribute to the regulation of immune cells, especially T cells. EZH2 regulates T cell development, differentiation, and function, suggesting that EZH2 also regulates immune homeostasis in addition to tumor suppressor genes. Moreover, EZH2 can regulate T cell fate by targeting non-T cell factors such as metabolism, cytokines, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The role of EZH2 in this process has not been fully addressed. This review discusses up-to-date research on EZH2-mediated regulation of immunological function and the progress of immunological therapeutic strategies based on this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Guo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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CREB signaling activity correlates with differentiation and survival in medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16077. [PMID: 34373489 PMCID: PMC8352923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While there has been significant progress in the molecular characterization of the childhood brain cancer medulloblastoma, the tumor proteome remains less explored. However, it is important to obtain a complete understanding of medulloblastoma protein biology, since interactions between proteins represent potential new drug targets. Using previously generated phosphoprotein signaling-profiles of a large cohort of primary medulloblastoma, we discovered that phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB strongly correlates with medulloblastoma survival and associates with a differentiation phenotype. We further found that during normal cerebellar development, phosphorylated CREB was selectively expressed in differentiating cerebellar granule neuron progenitor (CGNP) cells. In line, we observed increased differentiation in CGNPs treated with Forskolin, Bmp6 and Bmp12 (Gdf7), which induce CREB phosphorylation. Lastly, we demonstrated that inducing CREB activation via PKA-mediated CREB signaling, but not Bmp/MEK/ERK mediated signalling, enhances medulloblastoma cell sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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17
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Rojas-Vázquez S, Blasco-Chamarro L, López-Fabuel I, Martínez-Máñez R, Fariñas I. Vascular Senescence: A Potential Bridge Between Physiological Aging and Neurogenic Decline. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666881. [PMID: 33958987 PMCID: PMC8093510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain contains distinct neurogenic niches harboring populations of neural stem cells (NSCs) with the capacity to sustain the generation of specific subtypes of neurons during the lifetime. However, their ability to produce new progeny declines with age. The microenvironment of these specialized niches provides multiple cellular and molecular signals that condition NSC behavior and potential. Among the different niche components, vasculature has gained increasing interest over the years due to its undeniable role in NSC regulation and its therapeutic potential for neurogenesis enhancement. NSCs are uniquely positioned to receive both locally secreted factors and adhesion-mediated signals derived from vascular elements. Furthermore, studies of parabiosis indicate that NSCs are also exposed to blood-borne factors, sensing and responding to the systemic circulation. Both structural and functional alterations occur in vasculature with age at the cellular level that can affect the proper extrinsic regulation of NSCs. Additionally, blood exchange experiments in heterochronic parabionts have revealed that age-associated changes in blood composition also contribute to adult neurogenesis impairment in the elderly. Although the mechanisms of vascular- or blood-derived signaling in aging are still not fully understood, a general feature of organismal aging is the accumulation of senescent cells, which act as sources of inflammatory and other detrimental signals that can negatively impact on neighboring cells. This review focuses on the interactions between vascular senescence, circulating pro-senescence factors and the decrease in NSC potential during aging. Understanding the mechanisms of NSC dynamics in the aging brain could lead to new therapeutic approaches, potentially include senolysis, to target age-dependent brain decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rojas-Vázquez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Blasco-Chamarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene López-Fabuel
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Yin Y, Zhou N, Zhang H, Dai X, Lv X, Chen N, Miao D, Hu Q. Bmi1 regulate tooth and mandible development by inhibiting p16 signal pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4195-4203. [PMID: 33745198 PMCID: PMC8093977 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether the deletion of p16 can correct tooth and mandible growth retardation caused by Bmi1 deficiency, we compared the tooth and mandible phenotypes of homozygous p16‐deficient (p16−/−) mice, homozygous Bmi1‐deficient (Bmi1−/−) mice, double homozygous Bmi1 and p16‐deficient (Bmi1−/−p16−/−) mice to those of their wild‐type littermates at 4 weeks of age by radiograph, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that compared to Bmi1−/− mice, the dental mineral density, dental volume and dentin sialoprotein immunopositive areas were increased, whereas the ratio of the predentin area to total dentin area and that of biglycan immunopositive area to dentin area were decreased in Bmi1−/−p16−/− mice. These results indicate that the deletion of p16 can improve tooth development in Bmi1 knockout mice. Compared to Bmi1−/− mice, the mandible mineral density, cortical thickness, alveolar bone volume, osteoblast number and activity, alkaline phosphatase positive area were all increased significantly in Bmi1−/−p16−/− mice. These results indicate that the deletion of p16 can improve mandible growth in Bmi1 knockout mice. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of cyclin D, CDK4 and p53 were increased significantly in p16−/− mice compared with those from wild‐type mice; the protein expression levels of cyclin D and CDK4 were decreased significantly, whereas those of p27 and p53 were increased significantly in Bmi1−/− mice; these parameters were partly rescued in Bmi1−/−p16−/− mice compared with those from Bmi1−/− mice. Therefore, our results indicate that Bmi1 plays roles in regulating tooth and mandible development by inhibiting p16 signal pathway which initiated entry into cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuliang Dai
- Reproductive Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Research Center for Aging, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Gillispie GJ, Sah E, Krishnamurthy S, Ahmidouch MY, Zhang B, Orr ME. Evidence of the Cellular Senescence Stress Response in Mitotically Active Brain Cells-Implications for Cancer and Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:153. [PMID: 33671362 PMCID: PMC7922097 DOI: 10.3390/life11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress responses influence cell fate decisions. Apoptosis and proliferation represent opposing reactions to cellular stress or damage and may influence distinct health outcomes. Clinical and epidemiological studies consistently report inverse comorbidities between age-associated neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review discusses how one particular stress response, cellular senescence, may contribute to this inverse correlation. In mitotically competent cells, senescence is favorable over uncontrolled proliferation, i.e., cancer. However, senescent cells notoriously secrete deleterious molecules that drive disease, dysfunction and degeneration in surrounding tissue. In recent years, senescent cells have emerged as unexpected mediators of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review uses pre-defined criteria to evaluate evidence of cellular senescence in mitotically competent brain cells, highlights the discovery of novel molecular regulators and discusses how this single cell fate decision impacts cancer and degeneration in the brain. We also underscore methodological considerations required to appropriately evaluate the cellular senescence stress response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Gillispie
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eric Sah
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Sudarshan Krishnamurthy
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohamed Y. Ahmidouch
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA
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20
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Cellular stress signaling activates type-I IFN response through FOXO3-regulated lamin posttranslational modification. Nat Commun 2021; 12:640. [PMID: 33510167 PMCID: PMC7843645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist over the lifespan while encountering constant challenges from age or injury related brain environmental changes like elevated oxidative stress. But how oxidative stress regulates NSPC and its neurogenic differentiation is less clear. Here we report that acutely elevated cellular oxidative stress in NSPCs modulates neurogenic differentiation through induction of Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3)-mediated cGAS/STING and type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. We show that oxidative stress activates FOXO3 and its transcriptional target glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) whose upregulation triggers depletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that reduced intracellular SAM availability disrupts carboxymethylation and maturation of nuclear lamin, which induce cytosolic release of chromatin fragments and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING-IFN-I cascade to suppress neurogenic differentiation. Together, our findings suggest the FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signaling cascade as a critical stress response program that regulates long-term regenerative potential. Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) encounter constant stresses during aging, such as elevated oxidative stress. Here the authors show that oxidative stress induced reduction in NSPC neural differentiation is mediated by a FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signalling cascade initiated by FOXO3 oxidation.
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21
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Liu S, Wu M, Lancelot M, Deng J, Gao Y, Roback JD, Chen T, Cheng L. BMI1 enables extensive expansion of functional erythroblasts from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1918-1932. [PMID: 33484967 PMCID: PMC8116606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) from ABO-matched but genetically unrelated donors is commonly used for treating anemia and acute blood loss. Increasing demand and insufficient supply for donor RBCs, especially those of universal blood types or free of known and unknown pathogens, has called for ex vivo generation of functional RBCs by large-scale cell culture. However, generating physiological numbers of transfusable cultured RBCs (cRBCs) ex vivo remains challenging, due to our inability to either extensively expand primary RBC precursors (erythroblasts) or achieve efficient enucleation once erythroblasts have been expanded and induced to differentiation and maturation. Here, we report that ectopic expression of the human BMI1 gene confers extensive expansion of human erythroblasts, which can be derived readily from adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells of either healthy donors or sickle cell patients. These extensively expanded erythroblasts (E3s) are able to proliferate exponentially (>1 trillion-fold in 2 months) in a defined culture medium. Expanded E3 cells are karyotypically normal and capable of terminal maturation with approximately 50% enucleation. Additionally, E3-derived cRBCs can circulate in a mouse model following transfusion similar to primary human RBCs. Therefore, we provide a facile approach of generating physiological numbers of human functional erythroblasts ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Hematology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Moira Lancelot
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John D Roback
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Tong Chen
- Division of Hematology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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22
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Non-Canonical Functions of the ARF Tumor Suppressor in Development and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010086. [PMID: 33445626 PMCID: PMC7827855 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P14ARF (ARF; Alternative Reading Frame) is an extensively characterized tumor suppressor which, in response to oncogenic stimuli, mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent and independent routes. ARF has been shown to be frequently lost through CpG island promoter methylation in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and gastric cancers, while point mutations and deletions in the p14ARF locus have been linked with various forms of melanomas and glioblastomas. Although ARF has been mostly studied in the context of tumorigenesis, it has been also implicated in purely developmental processes, such as spermatogenesis, and mammary gland and ocular development, while it has been additionally involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, ARF has been found to hold important roles in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. As is often the case with tumor suppressors, ARF functions as a pleiotropic protein regulating a number of different mechanisms at the crossroad of development and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide an overview of the non-canonical functions of ARF in cancer and developmental biology, by dissecting the crosstalk of ARF signaling with key oncogenic and developmental pathways.
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23
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Huo X, Sun H, Qian Q, Ma X, Peng P, Yu M, Zhang Y, Yang J, Cao D, Gui T, Shen K. CYP27B1 Downregulation: A New Molecular Mechanism Regulating EZH2 in Ovarian Cancer Tumorigenicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:561804. [PMID: 33163485 PMCID: PMC7591459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.561804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic cancers, and most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a major tumor marker and an effective therapeutic target for ovarian cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the biological effects of EZH2 knockout in SKOV3 cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the molecular mechanism by integrated analysis of messenger RNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. Methods The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to establish EZH2 knockout SKOV3 cells. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. The effect of EZH2 on ovarian cancer was evaluated in vitro with MTT, wound healing, Transwell, and apoptosis assays and in vivo with a xenograft model. mRNA-seq and ChIP-seq were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the biological function of EZH2. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of tissue arrays was used to analyze the correlations among EZH2 and CYP27B1 expressions and prognosis. Results We obtained three EZH2 knockout subclones. EZH2 knockout SKOV3 cells exhibited significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and a significantly increased apoptosis rate. The subcutaneous tumor formation rate decreased from 100 to 0% in the EZH2 knockout group. Integrated analysis of the mRNA-seq and ChIP-seq data identified 1,455 significantly upregulated genes with matching downregulated trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) methylation binding sites in 1b11H cells compared to SKOV3 cells. The set of downregulated genes in EZH2 knockout cells was highly enriched in genes regulating the activation of steroid biosynthesis; the top-ranked hub gene was CYP27B1. The EZH2 and CYP27B1 expression levels showed a statistically significant inverse correlation, which was also associated with unfavorable prognosis. The in vitro experiment demonstrated that CYP27B1 can suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, the levels of AKT and p-AKT were significantly increased, whereas STAT3 was downregulated, in 1b11H cells compared to SKOV3 cells. Moreover, STAT3 and AKT overexpression was observed in 1b11H siRNA for CYP27B1 (siCYP27B1) cells. Conclusion EZH2 plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer by regulating the core steroid biosynthesis gene via H3K27me3 methylation. Moreover, CYP27B1, the steroid biosynthesis hub gene, might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengzi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shan Dong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangwen Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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The COMPASS Family Protein ASH2L Mediates Corticogenesis via Transcriptional Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 28:698-711.e5. [PMID: 31315048 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is essential for regulating gene expression during organogenesis to maintain stem cells and execute a proper differentiation program for their descendants. Here we show that the COMPASS family histone methyltransferase co-factor ASH2L is required for maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the production and positioning of projection neurons during neocortex development. Specifically, loss of Ash2l in NPCs results in malformation of the neocortex; the mutant neocortex has fewer neurons, which are also abnormal in composition and laminar position. Moreover, ASH2L loss impairs trimethylation of H3K4 and the transcriptional machinery specific for Wnt-β-catenin signaling, inhibiting the proliferation ability of NPCs at late stages of neurogenesis by disrupting S phase entry to inhibit cell cycle progression. Overexpressing β-catenin after ASH2L elimination rescues the proliferation deficiency. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that ASH2L is crucial for modulating Wnt signaling to maintain NPCs and generate a full complement of neurons during mammalian neocortex development.
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25
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Hogan R, Flamier A, Nardini E, Bernier G. The Role of BMI1 in Late-Onset Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070825. [PMID: 32708145 PMCID: PMC7397074 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) seems to contain a “hidden” component that cannot be explained by classical Mendelian genetics, with advanced aging being the strongest risk factor. More surprisingly, whole genome sequencing analyses of early-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cohorts also revealed that most patients do not present classical disease-associated variants or mutations. In this short review, we propose that BMI1 is possibly epigenetically silenced in LOAD. Reduced BMI1 expression is unique to LOAD compared to familial early-onset AD (EOAD) and other related neurodegenerative disorders; moreover, reduced expression of this single gene is sufficient to reproduce most LOAD pathologies in cellular and animal models. We also show the apparent amyloid and Tau-independent nature of this epigenetic alteration of BMI1 expression. Lastly, examples of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic dysregulation of other LOAD-related genes are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hogan
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l’Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Anthony Flamier
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (A.F.); (E.N.)
| | - Eleonora Nardini
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (A.F.); (E.N.)
| | - Gilbert Bernier
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l’Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada;
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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26
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Gao T, Lin M, Shao B, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhao D, Dai X, Shen C, Cheng H, Yang S, Li H, Zheng B, Zhong X, Yu J, Chen L, Huang X. BMI1 promotes steroidogenesis through maintaining redox homeostasis in mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1884-1898. [PMID: 32594840 PMCID: PMC7469621 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1779471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In males, aging is accompanied by decline in serum testosterone levels due to impairment of testicular Leydig cells. The polycomb protein BMI1 has recently been identified as an anti-aging factor. In our previous study, BMI1 null mice showed decreased serum testosterone and Leydig cell population, excessive oxidative stress and p16/p19 signaling activation. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between phenotypes and pathways was not investigated. Here, we used the rescue approach to study the role of oxidative stress or p16/p19 in BMI1-mediated steroidogenesis. Our results revealed that treatment with antioxidant NAC, but not down-regulation of p16/p19, largely rescued cell senescence, DNA damage and steroidogenesis in BMI1-deficient mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that BMI1 orchestrates steroidogenesis mainly through maintaining redox homeostasis, and thus, BMI1 may be a novel and potential therapeutic target for treatment of hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Shao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiuliang Dai
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Shenmin Yang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xingming Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics , Guangdong, China.,Department of Reproductive Immunity and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province , Guangdong, China.,Department of Reproductive Immunity and Genetics, Family Planning Special Hospital of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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27
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Liu Q, Li Q, Zhu S, Yi Y, Cao Q. B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1: An oncogenic mediator in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:224-232. [PMID: 29862993 PMCID: PMC6498728 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_38_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 (BMI1), a core member of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), has been intensely investigated in the field of cancer epigenetics for decades. Widely known as a critical regulator in cellular physiology, BMI1 is essential in self-renewal and differentiation in different lineages of stem cells. BMI1 also plays a significant role in cancer etiology for its involvement in pathological progress such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell maintenance, propagation, and differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of BMI1 is predictive for drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and eventual therapy failure of various cancer subtypes, which renders the pharmacological targeting at BMI1 as a novel and promising therapeutic approach. The study on prostate cancer, a prevalent hormone-related cancer among men, has promoted enormous research advancements in cancer genetics and epigenetics. This review summarizes the role of BMI1 as an oncogenic and epigenetic regulator in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiaqia Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yi
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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28
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Choi H, Kim Y, Kang D, Kwon A, Kim J, Min Kim J, Park SS, Kim YJ, Min CK, Kim M. Common and different alterations of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12819. [PMID: 32372504 PMCID: PMC7260074 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to explore characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) derived from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Methods BM‐MSCs were recovered from 17 of MDS patients, 23 of MM patients and 9 healthy donors and were passaged until proliferation stopped. General characteristics and gene expression profiles of MSCs were analysed. In vitro, ex vivo coculture, immunohistochemistry and knockdown experiments were performed to verify gene expression changes. Results BM‐MSCs failed to culture in 35.0% of patients and 50.0% of recovered BM‐MSCs stopped to proliferate before passage 6. MDS‐ and MM‐MSCs shared characteristics including decreased osteogenesis, increased angiogenesis and senescence‐associated molecular pathways. In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed disease‐specific changes such as neurogenic tendency in MDS‐MSCs and cardiomyogenic tendency in MM‐MSCs. Although the age of normal control was younger than patients and telomere length was shorter in patient's BM‐MSCs, they were not different according to disease category nor degree of proliferation. Specifically, poorly proliferation BM‐MSCs showed CDKN2A overexpression and CXCL12 downregulation. Immunohistochemistry of BM biopsy demonstrated that CDKN2A was intensely accumulation in perivascular BM‐MSCs failed to culture. Interestingly, patient's BM‐MSCs revealed improved proliferation activity after CDKN2A knockdown. Conclusion These results collectively indicate that MDS‐MSCs and MM‐MSCs have common and different alterations at various degrees. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate their alteration status using representative markers such as CDKN2A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dain Kang
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahlm Kwon
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Hematology, Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Gisler S, Maia ARR, Chandrasekaran G, Kopparam J, van Lohuizen M. A genome-wide enrichment screen identifies NUMA1-loss as a resistance mechanism against mitotic cell-death induced by BMI1 inhibition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227592. [PMID: 32343689 PMCID: PMC7188281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI1 is a core protein of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that is overexpressed in several cancer types, making it a promising target for cancer therapies. However, the underlying mechanisms and interactions associated with BMI1-induced tumorigenesis are often context-dependent and complex. Here, we performed a drug resistance screen on mutagenized human haploid HAP1 cells treated with BMI1 inhibitor PTC-318 to find new genetic and mechanistic features associated with BMI1-dependent cancer cell proliferation. Our screen identified NUMA1-mutations as the most significant inducer of PTC-318 cell death resistance. Independent validations on NUMA1-proficient HAP1 and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines exposed to BMI1 inhibition by PTC-318 or BMI1 knockdown resulted in cell death following mitotic arrest. Interestingly, cells with CRISPR-Cas9 derived NUMA1 knockout also showed a mitotic arrest phenotype following BMI1 inhibition but, contrary to cells with wildtype NUMA1, these cells were resistant to BMI1-dependent cell death. The current study brings new insights to BMI1 inhibition-induced mitotic lethality in cancer cells and presents a previously unknown role of NUMA1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Gisler
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita R. Maia
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jawahar Kopparam
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Kobayashi M, Lin Y, Mishra A, Shelly C, Gao R, Reeh CW, Wang PZ, Xi R, Liu Y, Wenzel P, Ghosn E, Liu Y, Yoshimoto M. Bmi1 Maintains the Self-Renewal Property of Innate-like B Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3262-3272. [PMID: 32332108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The self-renewal ability is a unique property of fetal-derived innate-like B-1a lymphocytes, which survive and function without being replenished by bone marrow (BM) progenitors. However, the mechanism by which IgM-secreting mature B-1a lymphocytes self-renew is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that Bmi1 was critically involved in this process. Although Bmi1 is considered essential for lymphopoiesis, the number of mature conventional B cells was not altered when Bmi1 was deleted in the B cell lineage. In contrast, the number of peritoneal B-1a cells was significantly reduced. Peritoneal cell transfer assays revealed diminished self-renewal ability of Bmi1-deleted B-1a cells, which was restored by additional deletion of Ink4-Arf, the well-known target of Bmi1 Fetal liver cells with B cell-specific Bmi1 deletion failed to repopulate peritoneal B-1a cells, but not other B-2 lymphocytes after transplantation assays, suggesting that Bmi1 may be involved in the developmental process of B-1 progenitors to mature B-1a cells. Although Bmi1 deletion has also been shown to alter the microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells, fat-associated lymphoid clusters, the reported niche for B-1a cells, were not impaired in Bmi1 -/- mice. RNA expression profiling suggested lysine demethylase 5B (Kdm5b) as another possible target of Bmi1, which was elevated in Bmi1-/- B-1a cells in a stress setting and might repress B-1a cell proliferation. Our work has indicated that Bmi1 plays pivotal roles in self-renewal and maintenance of fetal-derived B-1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yang Lin
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Chris Shelly
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Rui Gao
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Colton W Reeh
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Paul Zhiping Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eliver Ghosn
- Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Yan Liu
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
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Impaired Expression of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Genes and Premature p53 Activation Block B Cell Development in BMI1 Null Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 26:108-118.e4. [PMID: 30605667 PMCID: PMC6362848 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell development is a highly regulated process that requires stepwise rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes to generate a functional B cell receptor (BCR). The polycomb group protein BMI1 is required for B cell development, but its function in developing B cells remains poorly defined. We demonstrate that BMI1 functions in a cell-autonomous manner at two stages during early B cell development. First, loss of BMI1 results in a differentiation block at the pro-B cell to pre-B cell transition due to the inability of BMI1-deficient cells to transcribe newly rearranged Igh genes. Accordingly, introduction of a pre-rearranged Igh allele partially restored B cell development in Bmi1−/− mice. In addition, BMI1 is required to prevent premature p53 signaling, and as a consequence, Bmi1−/− large pre-B cells fail to properly proliferate. Altogether, our results clarify the role of BMI1 in early B cell development and uncover an unexpected function of BMI1 during VDJ recombination. Cantor et al. identify a cell-autonomous role for the polycomb group protein BMI1 in early B cell development. At the pro-B cell to pre-B cell transition, BMI1 promotes the expression of newly rearranged Igh genes in pro-B cells and subsequently prevents premature p53 activation and enables large pre-B cell proliferation.
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32
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Contributions of DNA Damage to Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051666. [PMID: 32121304 PMCID: PMC7084447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Its typical pathology consists of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes increase Aβ production and aggregation, and thus cause early onset or familial AD. Even with this strong genetic evidence, recent studies support AD to result from complex etiological alterations. Among them, aging is the strongest risk factor for the vast majority of AD cases: Sporadic late onset AD (LOAD). Accumulation of DNA damage is a well-established aging factor. In this regard, a large amount of evidence reveals DNA damage as a critical pathological cause of AD. Clinically, DNA damage is accumulated in brains of AD patients. Genetically, defects in DNA damage repair resulted from mutations in the BRAC1 and other DNA damage repair genes occur in AD brain and facilitate the pathogenesis. Abnormalities in DNA damage repair can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the association, the causative potential, and the biomarker values of DNA damage in AD pathogenesis.
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33
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Chiu H, Lee H, Lee K, Zhao Y, Hsu CY, Shyu W. Mechanisms of ischaemic neural progenitor proliferation: a regulatory role of the HIF‐1α‐CBX7 pathway. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:391-405. [PMID: 31630421 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H.‐Y. Chiu
- Children’s Hospital China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - H.‐T. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.‐H. Lee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - C. Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science and Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - W.C. Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science and Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center China Medical University & Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Neurology China Medical University & Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy Asia University Taichung Taiwan
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Guo W, Chen Y, Gao J, Zhong K, Wei H, Li K, Tang M, Zhao X, Liu X, Nie C, Yuan Z. Diosgenin exhibits tumor suppressive function via down-regulation of EZH2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1745-1758. [PMID: 31213123 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in oncology treatment, this refractory disease is still become intractable. Natural herb product diosgenin is described to exhibit vast range of pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, including anti-cancer activities. Accumulating data demonstrated that Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as an oncogenic protein is over-expressed in various human cancers, including PC. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-cancer properties and molecular basis of diosgenin in PC cells. Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in diosgenin treated Patu8988 and Panc-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptotic cell death and G2/M phase arrest were also induced by diosgenin treatment in PC cells. Moreover, obvious inhibition of cell migration and invasive capacities was detected in diosgenin treated PC cells. Mechanistically, the expression levels of EZH2 and its target Vimentin were reduced, and PTEN was promoted after diosgenin exposure. Our results further supported that EZH2 signaling was closely associated with the anti-tumor characteristics of diosgenin in PC cells. Therefore, inhibition of EZH2 by diosgenin could be a promising therapeutic method for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Guo
- a Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Chen
- b Glasgow College , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Jinsheng Gao
- c Department of Oncology , Yilong Country People's Hospital , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wei
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tang
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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35
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Jangal M, Lebeau B, Witcher M. Beyond EZH2: is the polycomb protein CBX2 an emerging target for anti-cancer therapy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:565-578. [PMID: 31177918 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1627329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic modifications are important regulators of transcription and appropriate gene expression answering an environmental stimulus. In cancer, these epigenetic modifications are altered, which impact the transcriptome, promoting initiation and cancer progression. Thus, targeting epigenetic machinery has proven to be an efficient cancer therapy. Areas covered: We review CBX2 as a therapeutic target. CBX2 is a polycomb protein, responsible for polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) targeting to chromatin via recognition of the repressive mark H3K27me3. Mechanistically, CBX2 overexpression may be implicated in poor survival by maintaining cancer stem cells in an undifferentiated state and via repression of tumor suppressors. We discuss strategies used to target CBX proteins and provide insights into biomarker considerations that may be important when targeting CBX family members for anti-cancer therapy. Expert opinion: CBX2 inhibition is a promising approach for the targeting of polycomb complexes in the cancer stem cell niche. However, extensive optimization of the current field of small molecules targeting CBX family proteins will be critical to reach in vivo, or clinical, utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïka Jangal
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Benjamin Lebeau
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
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36
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The Contributions of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer Initiation and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040434. [PMID: 30934773 PMCID: PMC6521153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decade has clearly revealed a critical role of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) in prostate cancer (PC). Prostate stem cells (PSCs) reside in both basal and luminal layers, and are the target cells of oncogenic transformation, suggesting a role of PCSCs in PC initiation. Mutations in PTEN, TP53, and RB1 commonly occur in PC, particularly in metastasis and castration-resistant PC. The loss of PTEN together with Ras activation induces partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major mechanism that confers plasticity to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and PCSCs, which contributes to metastasis. While PTEN inactivation leads to PC, it is not sufficient for metastasis, the loss of PTEN concurrently with the inactivation of both TP53 and RB1 empower lineage plasticity in PC cells, which substantially promotes PC metastasis and the conversion to PC adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine PC (NEPC), demonstrating the essential function of TP53 and RB1 in the suppression of PCSCs. TP53 and RB1 suppress lineage plasticity through the inhibition of SOX2 expression. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence supporting a major role of PCSCs in PC initiation and metastasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms regulating PCSCs. These discussions will be developed along with the cancer stem cell (CSC) knowledge in other cancer types.
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37
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Mazzonetto PC, Ariza CB, Ocanha SG, de Souza TA, Ko GM, Menck CFM, Massironi SMG, Porcionatto MA. Mutation in NADPH oxidase 3 (NOX3) impairs SHH signaling and increases cerebellar neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1502-1515. [PMID: 30853403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in cerebellar structure and function may cause ataxia, a neurological dysfunction of motor coordination. In the course of the present study, we characterized a mutant mouse lineage with an ataxia-like phenotype. We localized the mutation on chromosome 17 and mapped it to position 1534 of the Nox3 gene, resulting in p.Asn64Tyr change. The primary defect observed in Nox3eqlb mice was increased proliferation of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). cDNA microarray comparing Nox3eqlb and BALB/c neonatal cerebellum revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation. Nox3eqlb GCPs and NSC produce higher amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulate the expression of SHH target genes, such as Gli1-3 and Ccnd1 (CyclinD1). We hypothesize that this new mutation is responsible for an increase in proliferation via stimulation of the SHH pathway. We suggest this mutant mouse lineage as a new model to investigate the role of ROS in neuronal precursor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Mazzonetto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - C B Ariza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil
| | - S G Ocanha
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - T A de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - G M Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - C F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - S M G Massironi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - M A Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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38
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Wang R, Xue X, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Miao D. BMI1 Deficiency Results in Female Infertility by Activating p16/p19 Signaling and Increasing Oxidative Stress. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:870-881. [PMID: 30906217 PMCID: PMC6429020 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The polycomb repressor B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1) is a core composition of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and contributes to diverse fundamental cellular processes including cell senescence, apoptosis and proliferation. To investigate the role and mechanism of BMI1 in maintaining normal female reproductive function, we compared the differences in reproductive phenotypes between Bmi1-deficient and wild-type female mice. The Bmi1-deficient female mice were then supplemented with N-acetylcysteine in their drinking water to explore whether antioxidant supplementation could improve reproductive dysfunction caused by BMI1 deficiency. The results revealed that Bmi1 deletion resulted in complete infertility in female mice, estrous cycle disorder, and follicular developmental disorders. The reactive oxygen species levels in the ovarian tissue were increased; the ability of antioxidant enzymes was downregulated; the expression levels of p19 and p53 proteins were significantly upregulated. We also found that oocytes derived from Bmi1-deficient mice could not develop into embryos by in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of embryos. Furthermore, supplementation with the antioxidant NAC not only improved the reproductive defects caused by Bmi1 deletion, but also largely rescued the ability of Bmi1-deficient oocytes to develop into embryos in vitro. These results indicated that cells lacking Bmi1 resulted in female infertility by activating the p16/p19 signaling pathway, increasing oxidative stress and DNA damage, inhibiting granulosa cell proliferation, and inducing granulosa cell apoptosis. Thus, BMI1 may be a novel potential target for the clinical treatment of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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39
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Yoon MH, Kang SM, Lee SJ, Woo TG, Oh AY, Park S, Ha NC, Park BJ. p53 induces senescence through Lamin A/C stabilization-mediated nuclear deformation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:107. [PMID: 30728349 PMCID: PMC6365587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
p53-mediated cellular senescence has been intensively investigated, because it is important for tumor suppressive function. In addition, p16/INK4A is well known to be critical for cellular senescence. However, detailed molecular mechanism or relevance between p53 and p16-mediated senescence has not been demonstrated yet. Here we show that p53 induces p16 through Lamin A/C stabilization via direct interaction. Stabilized Lamin A/C promotes degradation of BMI-1 and MEL-18 (Polycomb repressor complex 1, PRC1), which sequesters p16 promotor. Increased p53 can reduce BMI-1/MEL-18 and induce p16 expression via Lamin A/C. Elimination of Lamin A/C can abolish p53-induced p16 expression and BMI-1/MEL-18 reduction. As Lamin A/C expression is increased during cell differentiation, this mechanism seems to be very useful for selective induction of senescence in non-stem cells. Our results suggest that Lamin A/C-p53 network is important for p16/INK4A-mediated cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Lai Y, Yu W, Kuo S, Ho C, Hung C, Way T, Chen C. CSC‐3436 inhibits TWIST‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the suppression of Twist/Bmi1/Akt pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9118-9129. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ju Lai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Wan‐Nien Yu
- Division of Head & Neck Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Chu Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Chao‐Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery E‐Da Hospital, I‐Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I‐Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Tzong‐Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology College of Health Science, Asia University Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chiung‐Tong Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
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41
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Navarro Quiroz E, Navarro Quiroz R, Ahmad M, Gomez Escorcia L, Villarreal JL, Fernandez Ponce C, Aroca Martinez G. Cell Signaling in Neuronal Stem Cells. Cells 2018; 7:E75. [PMID: 30011912 PMCID: PMC6070865 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The defining characteristic of neural stem cells (NSCs) is their ability to multiply through symmetric divisions and proliferation, and differentiation by asymmetric divisions, thus giving rise to different types of cells of the central nervous system (CNS). A strict temporal space control of the NSC differentiation is necessary, because its alterations are associated with neurological dysfunctions and, in some cases, death. This work reviews the current state of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transcription in NSCs, organized according to whether the origin of the stimulus that triggers the molecular cascade in the CNS is internal (intrinsic factors) or whether it is the result of the microenvironment that surrounds the CNS (extrinsic factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Faculty of basic sciences and biomedical; Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
- School of Medicine, Universidad Rafael Nuñez, Cartagena 130001, Colombia.
| | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta 470002, Colombia.
| | - Mostapha Ahmad
- Faculty of basic sciences and biomedical; Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
| | - Lorena Gomez Escorcia
- Faculty of basic sciences and biomedical; Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Faculty of basic sciences and biomedical; Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
- Clinica de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
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42
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Ojo D, Lin X, Wu Y, Cockburn J, Bane A, Tang D. Polycomb complex protein BMI1 confers resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 426:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Ganapathi M, Boles NC, Charniga C, Lotz S, Campbell M, Temple S, Morse RH. Effect of Bmi1 over-expression on gene expression in adult and embryonic murine neural stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7464. [PMID: 29749381 PMCID: PMC5945652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of isolated neural stem cells (NSCs) to proliferate as neurospheres is indicative of their competence as stem cells, and depends critically on the polycomb group (PcG) member Bmi1: knockdown of Bmi1 results in defective proliferation and self-renewal of isolated NSCs, whereas overexpression of Bmi1 enhances these properties. Here we report genome-wide changes in gene expression in embryonic and adult NSCs (eNSCs and aNSCs) caused by overexpression of Bmi1. We find that genes whose expression is altered by perturbations in Bmi1 levels in NSCs are mostly distinct from those affected in other multipotent stem/progenitor cells, such as those from liver and lung, aside from a small core of common targets that is enriched for genes associated with cell migration and mobility. We also show that genes differing in expression between prospectively isolated quiescent and activated NSCs are not affected by Bmi1 overexpression. In contrast, a comparison of genes showing altered expression upon Bmi1 overexpression in eNSCs and in aNSCs reveals considerable overlap, in spite of their different provenances in the brain and their differing developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Ganapathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Lotz
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Randall H Morse
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Science, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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44
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Rothberg JLM, Maganti HB, Jrade H, Porter CJ, Palidwor GA, Cafariello C, Battaion HL, Khan ST, Perkins TJ, Paulson RF, Ito CY, Stanford WL. Mtf2-PRC2 control of canonical Wnt signaling is required for definitive erythropoiesis. Cell Discov 2018; 4:21. [PMID: 29736258 PMCID: PMC5928144 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) accessory proteins play substoichiometric, tissue-specific roles to recruit PRC2 to specific genomic loci or increase enzymatic activity, while PRC2 core proteins are required for complex stability and global levels of trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Here, we demonstrate a role for the classical PRC2 accessory protein Mtf2/Pcl2 in the hematopoietic system that is more akin to that of a core PRC2 protein. Mtf2-/- erythroid progenitors demonstrate markedly decreased core PRC2 protein levels and a global loss of H3K27me3 at promoter-proximal regions. The resulting de-repression of transcriptional and signaling networks blocks definitive erythroid development, culminating in Mtf2-/- embryos dying by e15.5 due to severe anemia. Gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis demonstrated Mtf2 directly regulates Wnt signaling in erythroblasts, leading to activated canonical Wnt signaling in Mtf2-deficient erythroblasts, while chemical inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling rescued Mtf2-deficient erythroblast differentiation in vitro. Using a combination of in vitro, in vivo and systems analyses, we demonstrate that Mtf2 is a critical epigenetic regulator of Wnt signaling during erythropoiesis and recast the role of polycomb accessory proteins in a tissue-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L. Manias Rothberg
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Harinad B. Maganti
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Hani Jrade
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Christopher J. Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Gareth A. Palidwor
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Christopher Cafariello
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Hannah L. Battaion
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Safwat T. Khan
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Theodore J. Perkins
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Robert F. Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Caryn Y. Ito
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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45
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Hwang I, Cao D, Na Y, Kim DY, Zhang T, Yao J, Oh H, Hu J, Zheng H, Yao Y, Paik J. Far Upstream Element-Binding Protein 1 Regulates LSD1 Alternative Splicing to Promote Terminal Differentiation of Neural Progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1208-1221. [PMID: 29606613 PMCID: PMC5998560 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of a cell's ability to terminally differentiate because of mutations is a selected genetic event in tumorigenesis. Genomic analyses of low-grade glioma have reported recurrent mutations of far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FUBP1). Here, we show that FUBP1 expression is dynamically regulated during neurogenesis and that its downregulation in neural progenitors impairs terminal differentiation and promotes tumorigenesis collaboratively with expression of IDH1R132H. Mechanistically, collaborative action between SRRM4 and FUBP1 is necessary for mini-exon splicing of the neurospecific LSD1+8a isoform. LSD1+8a was downregulated upon loss of FUBP1 in neural progenitors, thereby impairing terminal neuronal differentiation and maturation. Reinforcing LSD1+8a expression in FUBP1-downregulated neural progenitors restored terminal differentiation and suppressed tumorigenesis; hence, LSD1+8a is an obligatory effector of FUBP1-dependent neuronal differentiation. These findings establish a direct role for FUBP1 in neuronal differentiation and also explain its tumor-suppressor function in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dongqing Cao
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoonmi Na
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hwanhee Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Neurosurgical Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Dai X, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Sun W, Wang R, Miao D. Bmi1 Deficient Mice Exhibit Male Infertility. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:358-368. [PMID: 29559852 PMCID: PMC5859480 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the polycomb repressor Bmi1 is universally expressed in all types of testicular cells and might regulate the spermatogonia proliferation, however, it is unclear whether Bmi1 plays a critical role in maintaining normal male fertility in vivo. To answer this question, we first confirmed that Bmi1 is universally expressed in all types of testicular cells and found that the gene relative expression levels of Bmi1 in testis were the highest relative to other organs. Then we investigated the role of Bmi1 in maintaining normal male fertility using Bmi1 knockout male mouse model. Our results demonstrated that Bmi1 deficiency resulted in totally male infertility with smaller testis, severe oligospermia and sperm malformation. Mechanistically, decreased serum testosterone levels with down-regulating 3βHSD and 17βHSD expression levels, reduced germ cell proliferation, increased germ cell apoptosis with up-regulating p16, p19, p53 and p21 expression levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2 levels with down-regulating gene expression levels of anti-oxidant enzymes, and increased 8-OHdG and γ.H2AX positive cells in testis were observed in Bmi1 deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. These results indicate that Bmi1 deficiency results in male infertility by reducing testosterone syntheses, increasing oxidative stress and DNA damage, activating p16 and p19 signaling pathway, inhibiting germ cell proliferation and inducing germ cell apoptosis and sperm malformation. Thus, Bmi1 may be a novel and potential target for the clinic treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Dai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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47
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From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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48
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49
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Lin X, Wei F, Whyte P, Tang D. BMI1 reduces ATR activation and signalling caused by hydroxyurea. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89707-89721. [PMID: 29163782 PMCID: PMC5685703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI1 facilitates DNA damage response (DDR) induced by double strand DNA breaks; however, it remains unknown whether BMI1 functions in single strand DNA (ssDNA) lesions-initiated DDR. We report here that BMI1 reduces hydroxyurea-elicited ATR activation, thereby reducing the S-phase checkpoints. Hydroxyurea induces ssDNA lesions, which activate ATR through binding TOPBP1 as evidenced by phosphorylation of ATR at threonine 1989 (ATRpT1989). ATR subsequently phosphorylates H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX) and CHK1 at serine 345 (CHK1pS345), leading to phosphorylation of CDK1 at tyrosine 15 (CDK1pY15) and S-phase arrest. BMI1 overexpression reduced γH2AX, CHK1pS345, CDK1pY15, S-phase arrest, and ATR activation in HU-treated MCF7 and DU145 cells, whereas BMI1 knockdown enhanced these events. BMI1 contains a ring finger, helix-turn, proline/serine domain and two nuclear localization signals (NLS). Individual deletion of these domains did not abolish BMI1-derived reductions of CHK1pS345 in MCF7 cells following HU exposure, suggesting that these structural features are not essential for BMI1 to attenuate ATR-mediated CHK1pS345. BMI1 interacts with both TOPBP1 and ATR. Furthermore, all of our BMI1 mutants associate with endogenous TOPBP1. It has previously been established that association of TOPBP1 and ATR is required for ATR activation. Thus, our results suggest that BMI1 decreases ATR activation through a mechanism that involves binding to TOPBP1 and/or ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Peter Whyte
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Shahabipour F, Caraglia M, Majeed M, Derosa G, Maffioli P, Sahebkar A. Naturally occurring anti-cancer agents targeting EZH2. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:325-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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