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Fertan E, Gendron WH, Wong AA, Hanson GM, Brown RE, Weaver ICG. Noncanonical regulation of imprinted gene Igf2 by amyloid-beta 1-42 in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2043. [PMID: 36739453 PMCID: PMC9899226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be the mechanism relating age-related metabolic disorders to dementia. Since Igf2 is an imprinted gene, we examined age and sex differences in the relationship between amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42) accumulation and epigenetic regulation of the Igf2/H19 gene cluster in cerebrum, liver, and plasma of young and old male and female 5xFAD mice, in frontal cortex of male and female AD and non-AD patients, and in HEK293 cell cultures. We show IGF2 levels, Igf2 expression, histone acetylation, and H19 ICR methylation are lower in females than males. However, elevated Aβ42 levels are associated with Aβ42 binding to Igf2 DMR2, increased DNA and histone methylation, and a reduction in Igf2 expression and IGF2 levels in 5xFAD mice and AD patients, independent of H19 ICR methylation. Cell culture results confirmed the binding of Aβ42 to Igf2 DMR2 increased DNA and histone methylation, and reduced Igf2 expression. These results indicate an age- and sex-related causal relationship among Aβ42 levels, epigenomic state, and Igf2 expression in AD and provide a potential mechanism for Igf2 regulation in normal and pathological conditions, suggesting IGF2 levels may be a useful diagnostic biomarker for Aβ42 targeted AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Fertan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - William H Gendron
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gabrielle M Hanson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ian C G Weaver
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Dang S, Ding D, Lu Y, Su Q, Lin T, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang X, Tan H, Zhu Z, Li H. PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy induces hypermethylation of estrogen receptor promoter region in rat uterus and declines offspring birth weights. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:851-861. [PMID: 30245447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposures during pregnancy could lead to declined birth weight, intrauterine developmental restriction, and premature delivery, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not elucidated. There are few studies concerning the effects of PM2.5 exposure on maternal and child health in Xi'an (one of the cities with severe air pollution of PM2.5 in North China). Then, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PM2.5 exposure in Xi'an on the offspring birth weights and the possibly associated epigenetic mechanisms. We found the Low and High groups: the offspring with declined birth weights; the decreased mRNA and protein expression of the estrogen receptor (ERs) and eNOs in the uterus; the decreased endometria vascular diameter maximum (EVDM); the increased mRNA and protein expressions of the DNMT1 and 3b in the uterus; the elevated methylation levels of the CpG sites in the CpG island of ERα promoter region in the uterus. However, no differences were observed in the mRNA or protein expressions of ERβ and DNMT3a between the Clean and PM2.5 exposure groups, as well as endometriavascular density (EVD). Additionally, PM2.5 level was negatively correlated with the ERα protein expression, EVDM and offspring birth weight, as well as the methylation level of the CpG sites in the CpG island of ERα promoter region and the ERα protein expression in the uterus; whereas the ERα protein expression was positively correlated with the offspring birth weight, as well as PM2.5 level and the methylation level of the CpG sites in the CpG island of ERα promoter region in the uterus. Taken together, elevated methylation level of the CpG sites in the CpG island of ERα promoter region reduces ERα expression in the uterus, which could be one of the epigenetic mechanisms that pregnant PM2.5 exposure reduces the offspring birth weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Dang
- Division of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Division of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qian Su
- Division of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tianwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Division of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Thermal Engineering, Energy and Power Engineering College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Houzhang Tan
- Department of Thermal Engineering, Energy and Power Engineering College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Li S, Hursting SD, Davis BJ, McLachlan JA, Barrett JC. Environmental exposure, DNA methylation, and gene regulation: lessons from diethylstilbesterol-induced cancers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 983:161-9. [PMID: 12724221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates chromosomal stability and gene expression. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns have been observed in many types of human tumors, including those of the breast, prostate, colon, thyroid, stomach, uterus, and cervix. We and others have shown that exposure to a wide variety of xenobiotics during critical periods of mammalian development can persistently alter the pattern of DNA methylation, resulting in potentially adverse biological effects such as aberrant gene expression. Thus, this epigenetic mechanism may underlie the observed increased risk in adulthood of several chronic diseases, including cancer, in response to xenobiotic exposures early in life. We present here the lessons learned from studies on the effects of perinatal diethylstilbesterol (DES) exposure on the methylation pattern of the promoters of several estrogen-responsive genes associated with the development of reproductive organs. Perinatal DES exposure, which induces epithelial tumors of the uterus in mice and is associated with several reproductive tract abnormalities and increased vaginal and cervical cancer risk in women, provides a clear example of how estrogenic xenobiotic exposure during a critical period of development can abnormally demethylate DNA sequences during organ development and possibly increase cancer risk later in life. In addition, nutritional factors and stress may also alter DNA methylation during early life and modulate the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood. We suggest that DNA methylation status may be influenced by environmental exposures in early life, leading to increased risk of cancer in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanfang Li
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Cancer, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
Recent applications of cell biology and molecular genetics have built an image of nuclear organization in which the molecular machines involved in transcription, RNA processing and replication assemble morphologically distinct nuclear organelles with defined functional properties. These observations indicate a very high level of structural organization for the various metabolic activities occurring within the nucleus. We discuss the possible existence of novel regulatory functions inherent to nuclear architecture itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strouboulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-2710, USA
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