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Loetzsch R, Beyer HF, Duval L, Spillmann U, Banaś D, Dergham P, Kröger FM, Glorius J, Grisenti RE, Guerra M, Gumberidze A, Heß R, Hillenbrand PM, Indelicato P, Jagodzinski P, Lamour E, Lorentz B, Litvinov S, Litvinov YA, Machado J, Paul N, Paulus GG, Petridis N, Santos JP, Scheidel M, Sidhu RS, Steck M, Steydli S, Szary K, Trotsenko S, Uschmann I, Weber G, Stöhlker T, Trassinelli M. Testing quantum electrodynamics in extreme fields using helium-like uranium. Nature 2024; 625:673-678. [PMID: 38267680 PMCID: PMC10808054 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), the quantum field theory that describes the interaction between light and matter, is commonly regarded as the best-tested quantum theory in modern physics. However, this claim is mostly based on extremely precise studies performed in the domain of relatively low field strengths and light atoms and ions1-6. In the realm of very strong electromagnetic fields such as in the heaviest highly charged ions (with nuclear charge Z ≫ 1), QED calculations enter a qualitatively different, non-perturbative regime. Yet, the corresponding experimental studies are very challenging, and theoretical predictions are only partially tested. Here we present an experiment sensitive to higher-order QED effects and electron-electron interactions in the high-Z regime. This is achieved by using a multi-reference method based on Doppler-tuned X-ray emission from stored relativistic uranium ions with different charge states. The energy of the 1s1/22p3/2 J = 2 → 1s1/22s1/2 J = 1 intrashell transition in the heaviest two-electron ion (U90+) is obtained with an accuracy of 37 ppm. Furthermore, a comparison of uranium ions with different numbers of bound electrons enables us to disentangle and to test separately the one-electron higher-order QED effects and the bound electron-electron interaction terms without the uncertainty related to the nuclear radius. Moreover, our experimental result can discriminate between several state-of-the-art theoretical approaches and provides an important benchmark for calculations in the strong-field domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loetzsch
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany.
| | - H F Beyer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Duval
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - U Spillmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Banaś
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - P Dergham
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - F M Kröger
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J Glorius
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R E Grisenti
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Guerra
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Gumberidze
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Heß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P-M Hillenbrand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - P Indelicato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - P Jagodzinski
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - E Lamour
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - B Lorentz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Machado
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - N Paul
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - G G Paulus
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - N Petridis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J P Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Scheidel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R S Sidhu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Steck
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Steydli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - K Szary
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - S Trotsenko
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - I Uschmann
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - G Weber
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Th Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - M Trassinelli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Collinear Laser Spectroscopy of Helium-like 11B3+. ATOMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Collinear laser spectroscopy in the 1s2s3S1→1s2p3P0,2 transitions of helium-like 11B3+ was performed using the HITRAP beamline at the GSI Helmholtz Centre. The ions were produced in an electron beam ion source, extracted, and accelerated to a beam energy of 4 keV/q. Results agree with previous measurements within uncertainty. Thus, it was demonstrated that the metastable state in He-like ions is sufficiently populated to carry out collinear laser spectroscopy. The measurement is a pilot experiment for a series of measurements that will be performed at a dedicated collinear laser spectroscopy setup at TU Darmstadt with light helium-like ions.
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Tang LY, Tang YB, Shi TY, Mitroy J. Solution of the Dirac Coulomb equation for helium-like ions in the Poet-Temkin model. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134112. [PMID: 24116557 DOI: 10.1063/1.4823486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dirac-Coulomb equation for the helium atom is studied under the restrictions of the Poet-Temkin model which replaces the 1/r12 interaction by the simplified 1/r> form. The effective reduction in the dimensionality made it possible to obtain binding energies for the singlet and triplet states in this model problem with a relative precision from 10(-8) to 10(-10). The energies for the singlet state were consistent with a previous configuration interaction calculation [H. Tatewaki and Y. Watanabe, Chem. Phys. 389, 58 (2011)]. Manifestations of Brown-Ravenhall disease were noted at higher values of nuclear charge and ultimately limited the accuracy of the Poet-Temkin model energy. The energies from a no-pair configuration interaction (CI) calculation (the negative-energy states for the appropriate hydrogen-like ion were excluded from the CI expansion) were found to be different from the unrestricted B-spline calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Four-Component Electronic Structure Methods. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Thorn DB, Gu MF, Brown GV, Beiersdorfer P, Porter FS, Kilbourne CA, Kelley RL. Precision measurement of the K-shell spectrum from highly charged xenon with an array of X-ray calorimeters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:163001. [PMID: 19905691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the K-shell spectrum from highly charged xenon ions recorded with a high-energy x-ray calorimeter spectrometer array that can distinguish between various theories for the atomic structure of the two electron system. The array was designed to provide high resolution with high quantum efficiency in the 10-60 keV x-ray range which allows us to resolve blends that afflicted previous measurements. A precision of better than 2 eV was achieved in the measurement of the Xe52+ and Xe53+ K-shell transitions located near 31 keV, which is an order of magnitude better than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Thorn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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Ikeno H, de Groot FMF, Stavitski E, Tanaka I. Multiplet calculations of L(2,3) x-ray absorption near-edge structures for 3d transition-metal compounds. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:104208. [PMID: 21817428 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/10/104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to compare the two different procedures to calculate the L(2,3) x-ray absorption spectra of transition-metal compounds: (1) the semi-empirical charge transfer multiplet (CTM) approach and (2) the ab initio configuration-interaction (CI) method based on molecular orbitals. We mainly focused on the difference in the treatment of ligand field effects and the charge transfer effects in the two methods. The reduction of multiplet interactions due to the solid state effects has been found by the ab initio CI approach. We have also found that the mixing between the original and the charge transferred configurations obtained by the ab initio CI approach is smaller than that obtained by the CTM approach, since charge transfer through the covalent bonding between metal and ligand atoms has been included by taking the molecular orbitals as the basis functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Ikeno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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DeVore TR, Crosby DN, Myers EG. Improved measurement of the 1s2s 1S0-1s2p 3P1 interval in heliumlike silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:243001. [PMID: 18643579 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using colinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy with copropagating and counter-propagating beams we have measured the 1s2s 1S0-1s2p 3P1 intercombination interval in 28Si12+ with the result 7230.585(6) cm{-1}. The experiment made use of a dual-wavelength, high-finesse, power build-up cavity excited by single-frequency lasers at 1319 and 1450 nm. The result will provide a precision test of ab initio relativistic many-body atomic theory at moderate Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R DeVore
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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Stöhlker T, Gumberidze A, Kumar A, Reuschl R, Trassinelli M. Chapter 5 Quantum Electrodynamics in One- and Two-Electron High-Z Ions. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)53005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper, I consider the Bethe and Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rules, which together form the foundation of Bethe's theory of energy loss from fast charged particles to matter. For nonrelativistic target systems, the use of closure leads directly to simple expressions for these quantities. In the case of relativistic systems, on the other hand, the calculation of sum rules is fraught with difficulties. Various perturbative approaches have been used over the years to obtain relativistic corrections, but these methods fail badly when the system in question is very strongly bound. Here, I present an approach that leads to relatively simple expressions yielding accurate sums, even for highly relativistic many-electron systems. I also offer an explanation for the difference between relativistic and nonrelativistic sum rules in terms of the Zitterbewegung of the electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Cohen
- Department of Physics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-0321, USA.
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Gumberidze A, Stöhlker T, Banaś D, Beckert K, Beller P, Beyer HF, Bosch F, Cai X, Hagmann S, Kozhuharov C, Liesen D, Nolden F, Ma X, Mokler PH, Orsić-Muthig A, Steck M, Sierpowski D, Tashenov S, Warczak A, Zou Y. Electron-electron interaction in strong electromagnetic fields: the two-electron contribution to the ground-state energy in He-like uranium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:203004. [PMID: 15169349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiative recombination transitions into the ground state of cooled bare and hydrogenlike uranium ions were measured at the storage ring ESR. By comparing the corresponding x-ray centroid energies, this technique allows for a direct measurement of the electron-electron contribution to the ionization potential in the heaviest He-like ions. For the two-electron contribution to the ionization potential of He-like uranium we obtain a value of 2248+/-9 eV. This represents the most accurate determination of two-electron effects in the domain of high-Z He-like ions, and the accuracy reaches already the size of the specific two-electron radiative QED corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gumberidze
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernphysik, University of Frankfurt, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany
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Johnson W, Cheng K, Chen M. Accurate Relativistic Calculations Including QED Contributions for Few-Electron Systems. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(04)80030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Redshaw M, Myers EG. Measurement of the 1s2s 1S0-1s2p 3P1 intercombination interval in helium-like silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:023002. [PMID: 11801009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using Doppler-tuned fast-beam laser spectroscopy the 1s2s 1S0-1s2p 3P1 intercombination interval in 28Si12+ has been measured to be 7230.5(2) cm(-1). The experiment made use of a single-frequency Nd:YAG (1.319 microm) laser and a high-finesse optical buildup cavity. The result provides a precision test of modern relativistic and QED atomic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Redshaw
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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Chapter 3 Relativistic self-consistent fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(02)80029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Second-order multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock self-consistent field and multireference configuration interaction calculations on beryllium and beryllium-like Ne6+. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Koc K, Ishikawa Y, Kagawa T, Kim YK. Relativistic modification of asymptotic configuration interaction in the carbon isoelectronic sequence. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang T, Yan ZC, Drake GW. QED Corrections of O(mc2 alpha 7 ln alpha ) to the Fine Structure Splittings of Helium and He-like Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:1715-1718. [PMID: 10063153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Myers EG, Howie DJ, Thompson JK, Silver JD. Hyperfine-Induced 1s2s 1S0-1s2p 3P0 Transition and Fine-Structure Measurement in Heliumlike Nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:4899-4902. [PMID: 10061408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Beiersdorfer P, Elliott SR, Osterheld A, Stöhlker T, Autrey J, Brown GV, Smith AJ, Widmann K. Search for 1s2s 3S1-1s2p 3P2 decay in U90+. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:4000-4006. [PMID: 9913364 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Zhang T. QED corrections to O( alpha 7mc2) fine-structure splittings in helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:3896-3914. [PMID: 9913352 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Widmann K, Beiersdorfer P, Decaux V, Bitter M. Measurements of the K alpha transition energies of heliumlike krypton. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:2200-2205. [PMID: 9913127 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Cheng KT, Chen MH. Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations for the 2s-2p3/2 transition energies of uranium ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:2206-2210. [PMID: 9913128 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Johnson WR, Cheng KT. Relativistic configuration-interaction calculation of the polarizabilities of heliumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:1375-1378. [PMID: 9913026 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Elliott SR, Beiersdorfer P, Chen MH. Trapped-ion technique for measuring the nuclear charge radii of highly charged radioactive isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1031-1034. [PMID: 10061616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Kolakowska A, Talman JD, Aashamar K. Minimax variational approach to the relativistic two-electron problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:168-177. [PMID: 9912871 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Myers EG, Thompson JK, Gavathas EP, Claussen NR, Silver JD, Howie DJ. Measurement of the 1s2s1S0-1s2p3P1 interval in heliumlike nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3637-3640. [PMID: 10059689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Goldman SP. Modified configuration-interaction method. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:3718-3729. [PMID: 9912677 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Marrs RE, Elliott SR, Stöhlker T. Measurement of two-electron contributions to the ground-state energy of heliumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:3577-3585. [PMID: 9912659 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Beiersdorfer P, Osterheld A, Elliott SR, Chen MH, Knapp D, Reed K. Structure and Lamb shift of 2s1/2-2p3/2 levels in lithiumlike Th87+ through neonlike Th80+. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:2693-2706. [PMID: 9912551 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Howie DJ, Silver JD, Myers EG. Measurement of 1s2s 3S1-1s2p 3P2,0 wavelengths in heliumlike phosphorus. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:1761-1764. [PMID: 9912419 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Chen MH, Cheng KT, Johnson WR, Sapirstein J. Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations for the n=2 states of lithiumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:266-273. [PMID: 9912244 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Yan ZC, Drake GW. High precision calculation of fine structure splittings in helium and He-like ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4791-4794. [PMID: 10058600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Mårtensson-Pendrill A, Lindgren I, Lindroth E, Salomonson S, Staudte DS. Convergence of relativistic perturbation theory for the 1s2p states in low-Z heliumlike systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:3630-3635. [PMID: 9912029 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Kukla KW, Livingston AE, Suleiman J, Berry HG, Dunford RW, Gemmell DS, Kanter EP, Cheng S, Curtis LJ. Fine-structure energies for the 1s2s 3S-1s2p 3P transition in heliumlike Ar16+. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1905-1917. [PMID: 9911800 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Johnson WR, Sapirstein J, Cheng KT. Theory of 2s1/2-2p3/2 transitions in highly ionized uranium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:297-302. [PMID: 9911585 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ishikawa Y, Koc K. Relativistic many-body perturbation theory based on the no-pair Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian: Relativistic correlation energies for the noble-gas sequence through Rn (Z=86), the group-IIB atoms through Hg, and the ions of Ne isoelectronic sequence. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:4733-4742. [PMID: 9911470 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Koc K, Ishikawa Y, Kagawa T. Relativistic configuration interaction calculations for open-shell atomic systems. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)01289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Goldman SP. Modified configuration interaction method for accurate calculations with small basis sets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:2547-2550. [PMID: 10057088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Cheng KT, Chen MH, Johnson WR, Sapirstein J. Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations for the ground state and n=2 singlet states of heliumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:247-255. [PMID: 9910889 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Plante DR, Johnson WR, Sapirstein J. Relativistic all-order many-body calculations of the n=1 and n=2 states of heliumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:3519-3530. [PMID: 9910650 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Riis E, Sinclair AG, Poulsen O, Drake GW, Rowley WR, Levick AP. Lamb shifts and hyperfine structure in 6Li+ and 7Li+: Theory and experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:207-220. [PMID: 9910221 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Scholl TJ, Cameron R, Rosner SD, Zhang L, Holt RA, Sansonetti CJ, Gillaspy JD. Precision measurement of relativistic and QED effects in heliumlike beryllium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:2188-2191. [PMID: 10054610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Blundell SA, Mohr PJ, Johnson WR, Sapirstein J. Evaluation of two-photon exchange graphs for highly charged heliumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:2615-2626. [PMID: 9909911 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Simionovici A, Birkett BB, Briand JP, Charles P, Dietrich DD, Finlayson K, Indelicato P, Liesen D, Marrus R. n=2 to n=1 forbidden transitions in H-like and He-like silver and niobium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:1695-1698. [PMID: 9909774 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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